Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LaSalle--Émard--VerdunMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,300	54,855	57,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,805	8,235	7,575	14.1	15.0	13.2
0 to 4 years	5,475	2,775	2,705	4.9	5.1	4.7
5 to 9 years	5,435	2,815	2,620	4.8	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	4,900	2,645	2,255	4.4	4.8	3.9
15 to 64 years	76,915	38,390	38,535	68.5	70.0	67.1
15 to 19 years	4,235	2,155	2,085	3.8	3.9	3.6
20 to 24 years	6,320	3,200	3,120	5.6	5.8	5.4
25 to 29 years	10,435	5,240	5,195	9.3	9.6	9.0
30 to 34 years	10,545	5,285	5,260	9.4	9.6	9.2
35 to 39 years	9,630	4,810	4,820	8.6	8.8	8.4
40 to 44 years	8,140	4,155	3,985	7.2	7.6	6.9
45 to 49 years	6,830	3,310	3,520	6.1	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,490	3,285	3,200	5.8	6.0	5.6
55 to 59 years	7,120	3,535	3,580	6.3	6.4	6.2
60 to 64 years	7,170	3,405	3,765	6.4	6.2	6.6
65 years and over	19,570	8,230	11,340	17.4	15.0	19.7
65 to 69 years	5,940	2,745	3,195	5.3	5.0	5.6
70 to 74 years	4,835	2,150	2,685	4.3	3.9	4.7
75 to 79 years	3,420	1,465	1,955	3.0	2.7	3.4
80 to 84 years	2,515	985	1,525	2.2	1.8	2.7
85 years and over	2,865	885	1,980	2.6	1.6	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,700	560	1,140	1.5	1.0	2.0
90 to 94 years	925	285	640	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	220	35	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.0	13.2	14.1	15.0	13.2
15 to 64 years	68.5	70.0	67.1	68.5	70.0	67.1
65 years and over	17.4	15.0	19.7	17.4	15.0	19.7
85 years and over	2.6	1.6	3.4	2.6	1.6	3.4
Average age of the population	41.6	40.2	42.9	41.6	40.2	42.9
Median age of the population	39.6	38.4	40.8	39.6	38.4	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	54,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,255	...	...	4.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,325	...	...	2.4	...	...
Row house	1,265	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,180	...	...	38.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,815	...	...	47.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,605	...	...	4.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	54,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	23,125	...	...	42.3	...	...
2 persons	17,695	...	...	32.4	...	...
3 persons	6,935	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	4,745	...	...	8.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,110	...	...	3.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,800	53,815	55,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,490	46,620	49,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,100	23,085	23,015	47.8	49.5	46.1
Married	26,670	13,330	13,340	27.6	28.6	26.7
Living common-law	19,430	9,755	9,675	20.1	20.9	19.4
Living common law - Never married	16,945	8,440	8,505	17.6	18.1	17.1
Living common law - Separated	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	2,120	1,125	1,000	2.2	2.4	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	50,385	23,530	26,855	52.2	50.5	53.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,100	18,915	17,185	37.4	40.6	34.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,960	840	1,125	2.0	1.8	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,545	2,685	4,860	7.8	5.8	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,785	1,095	3,690	5.0	2.3	7.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,225	...	...	57.3	...	...
3 persons	6,070	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	4,385	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,615	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,385	...	...	79.1	...	...
Married couples	12,675	...	...	44.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,525	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	6,150	...	...	21.7	...	...
Common-law couples	9,710	...	...	34.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,595	...	...	12.7	...	...
Without children	6,115	...	...	21.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,910	...	...	20.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,665	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,240	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,800	53,815	55,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,780	37,600	39,180	69.9	69.9	70.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,775	22,440	22,330	40.8	41.7	39.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,910	1,240	4,665	5.4	2.3	8.3
Children⁶	26,095	13,915	12,180	23.8	25.9	21.8
In a two-parent family	17,545	9,335	8,215	16.0	17.3	14.7
In a one-parent family	8,545	4,580	3,970	7.8	8.5	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	33,020	16,210	16,810	30.1	30.1	30.0
Living alone	23,125	10,605	12,520	21.1	19.7	22.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,820	1,300	1,525	2.6	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	7,075	4,310	2,760	6.4	8.0	4.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	54,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,205	...	...	48.0	...	...
Couple-family households	21,160	...	...	38.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,580	...	...	17.5	...	...
Without children	11,580	...	...	21.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,040	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	615	...	...	1.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,050	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,520	...	...	6.4	...	...
One-person households	23,130	...	...	42.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,995	45,580	48,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,290	44,195	47,095	97.1	97.0	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,400	37,200	38,800	40,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,315	44,210	47,110	97.1	97.0	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,600	33,600	34,400	35,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,460	39,480	40,985	85.6	86.6	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,200	32,400	36,000	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,250	34,025	33,225	71.5	74.6	68.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200	35,600	38,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,415	35,370	41,050	81.3	77.6	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,700	11,800	10,700	9,700	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,580	5,145	5,435	11.3	11.3	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,520	5,760	5,640	5,520	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,700	14,885	13,815	30.5	32.7	28.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,000	45,670	48,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,195	44,225	46,975	97.0	96.8	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	50,520	44,560	47,440	50,520	44,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,215	44,225	46,985	97.0	96.8	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	41,240	37,960	39,560	41,240	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,525	39,565	40,965	85.7	86.6	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	46,760	38,120	42,360	46,760	38,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,390	34,125	33,260	71.7	74.7	68.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,840	47,280	40,320	43,840	47,280	40,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,295	35,390	40,905	81.2	77.5	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,850	12,980	12,000	10,850	12,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,710	5,240	5,465	11.4	11.5	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,930	5,880	7,940	6,930	5,880	7,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,675	14,890	13,785	30.5	32.6	28.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,240	9,310	9,170	9,240	9,310	9,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,000	45,670	48,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,200	16,325	14,880	33.2	35.7	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,600	58,400	61,600	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	71,700	62,400	67,300	71,700	62,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,595	13,800	14,800	30.4	30.2	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	18,600	17,200	17,800	18,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	27,240	24,440	25,800	27,240	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	82.8	74.6	78.8	82.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.2	72.2	64.0	68.2	72.2	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	17.2	25.4	21.2	17.2	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	6.9	6.8	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.1	6.2	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,000	45,580	48,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,710	1,380	1,325	2.9	3.0	2.7
With total income	91,290	44,195	47,095	97.1	97.0	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,530	3,195	3,340	7.2	7.2	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,140	5,120	6,020	12.2	11.6	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	16,705	7,440	9,265	18.3	16.8	19.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,870	6,055	6,815	14.1	13.7	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,585	5,485	6,100	12.7	12.4	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,925	4,210	4,715	9.8	9.5	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,370	3,135	3,235	7.0	7.1	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,740	2,435	2,305	5.2	5.5	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,670	1,955	1,715	4.0	4.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	1,330	1,120	2.7	3.0	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,310	3,840	2,480	6.9	8.7	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,695	2,770	1,930	5.1	6.3	4.1
$150,000 and over	1,615	1,070	545	1.8	2.4	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,000	45,580	48,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,680	1,370	1,305	2.9	3.0	2.7
With after-tax income	91,315	44,210	47,110	97.1	97.0	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,815	3,295	3,520	7.5	7.4	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,715	5,425	6,290	12.8	12.3	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	19,660	8,925	10,735	21.5	20.2	22.8
$30,000 to $39,999	15,900	7,640	8,265	17.4	17.3	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,260	6,350	6,910	14.5	14.4	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,905	4,320	4,580	9.8	9.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,765	2,980	2,785	6.3	6.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,665	1,940	1,720	4.0	4.4	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	1,160	955	2.3	2.6	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	740	535	1.4	1.7	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,235	1,430	810	2.4	3.2	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,340	820	520	1.5	1.9	1.1
$125,000 and over	895	605	290	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,000	45,580	48,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,745	11,555	15,190	28.5	25.4	31.4
With employment income	67,250	34,025	33,225	71.5	74.6	68.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,750	4,350	4,395	13.0	12.8	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,830	2,695	3,125	8.7	7.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,485	4,040	4,445	12.6	11.9	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,885	3,240	3,645	10.2	9.5	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,560	3,245	3,320	9.8	9.5	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,890	3,300	3,590	10.2	9.7	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,770	2,875	2,895	8.6	8.4	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,495	2,355	2,140	6.7	6.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,590	1,990	1,600	5.3	5.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,980	1,570	1,405	4.4	4.6	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	1,115	775	2.8	3.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,140	3,250	1,890	7.6	9.5	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,735	1,680	1,055	4.1	4.9	3.2
$125,000 and over	2,410	1,575	835	3.6	4.6	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,995	45,580	48,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,405	43,240	46,170	95.1	94.9	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,000	33,600	35,600	38,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,425	43,240	46,185	95.1	94.9	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	33,600	30,600	32,000	33,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,160	38,895	40,265	84.2	85.3	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,600	33,600	37,200	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,610	33,655	32,955	70.9	73.8	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,800	33,600	36,400	38,800	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,730	31,730	38,000	74.2	69.6	78.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	2,900	7,350	4,640	2,900	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,430	3,685	3,750	7.9	8.1	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,320	5,600	4,920	4,320	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,000	45,670	48,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,535	43,395	46,140	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,840	47,040	40,840	43,840	47,040	40,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,565	43,405	46,165	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,480	38,360	34,720	36,480	38,360	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,590	39,190	40,405	84.7	85.8	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,120	46,600	37,760	42,120	46,600	37,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,810	33,835	32,975	71.1	74.1	68.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,840	47,400	40,200	43,840	47,400	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,435	31,620	37,810	73.9	69.2	78.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	6,780	9,450	8,230	6,780	9,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,485	3,800	3,690	8.0	8.3	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,190	5,490	8,930	7,190	5,490	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,000	45,670	48,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,010	16,265	14,745	33.0	35.6	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	57,200	50,000	53,600	57,200	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,700	66,000	57,000	61,700	66,000	57,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,750	12,970	13,785	28.5	28.4	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	25,400	22,800	24,000	25,400	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,560	33,720	29,560	31,560	33,720	29,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.4	81.0	85.4	89.4	81.0
Employment income (%)	74.6	78.6	70.4	74.6	78.6	70.4
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.5	19.0	14.6	10.5	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	54,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	23,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	54,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	...	...	47,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,560	...	...	39,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	54,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	695	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	980	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,475	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,560	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,700	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,555	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,720	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,730	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,755	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,115	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,360	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,815	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,305	...	...	26.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,355	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,295	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,435	...	...	6.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,225	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	54,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	765	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	495	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	990	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,585	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,900	...	...	7.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,245	...	...	5.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,220	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,325	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,460	...	...	6.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,120	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,755	...	...	10.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,790	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,120	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,380	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,735	...	...	17.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,645	...	...	8.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,485	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,610	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30,200	14,915	15,285	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,200	36,000	36,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,400	32,000	32,400	32,400	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	86,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...	81,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,850	...	...	60,850	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30,220	14,895	15,320	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	44,400	43,360	43,880	44,400	43,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000	37,040	36,920	37,000	37,040	36,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,800	53,815	55,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,230	9,460	8,770	16.6	17.6	15.7
0 to 5 years	6,625	3,345	3,275	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	73,835	36,755	37,080	67.2	68.3	66.2
65 years and over	17,735	7,600	10,130	16.2	14.1	18.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,455	8,150	9,305	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,715	1,415	1,295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	935	445	490	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,355	5,150	5,200	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,385	1,580	2,805	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.9	15.1	16.6	15.9	15.1	16.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	15.0	14.8	14.9	15.0	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	13.4	14.9	14.1	13.4	14.9
18 to 64 years (%)	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0	14.0
65 years and over (%)	24.7	20.8	27.7	24.7	20.8	27.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,800	53,815	55,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,230	9,460	8,770	16.6	17.6	15.7
0 to 5 years	6,625	3,345	3,270	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years	73,835	36,755	37,080	67.2	68.3	66.2
65 years and over	17,735	7,600	10,130	16.2	14.1	18.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,335	5,785	5,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,445	765	675	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	475	230	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,100	4,345	3,755	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,795	680	1,115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.3	10.8	9.9	10.3	10.8	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	8.1	7.7	7.9	8.1	7.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	6.9	7.6	7.2	6.9	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	11.8	10.1	11.0	11.8	10.1
65 years and over (%)	10.1	8.9	11.0	10.1	8.9	11.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,800	53,815	55,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,240	33,380	35,860	63.1	62.0	64.1
In bottom decile	16,310	8,025	8,280	14.9	14.9	14.8
In second decile	14,415	6,750	7,670	13.1	12.5	13.7
In third decile	13,980	6,695	7,285	12.7	12.4	13.0
In fourth decile	12,525	6,005	6,520	11.4	11.2	11.6
In fifth decile	12,015	5,910	6,110	10.9	11.0	10.9
In top half of the distribution	40,560	20,430	20,130	36.9	38.0	36.0
In sixth decile	10,520	5,140	5,385	9.6	9.6	9.6
In seventh decile	9,450	4,740	4,710	8.6	8.8	8.4
In eighth decile	8,530	4,320	4,210	7.8	8.0	7.5
In ninth decile	7,090	3,660	3,425	6.5	6.8	6.1
In top decile	4,970	2,575	2,390	4.5	4.8	4.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	...	...	0.465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,640	54,150	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	14,055	7,260	6,790	12.7	13.4	12.0
French only	25,145	11,295	13,850	22.7	20.9	24.5
English and French	69,690	34,900	34,785	63.0	64.5	61.6
Neither English nor French	1,750	690	1,060	1.6	1.3	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,640	54,150	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	33,315	16,645	16,670	30.1	30.7	29.5
French	67,750	32,825	34,925	61.2	60.6	61.8
English and French	7,895	4,020	3,875	7.1	7.4	6.9
Neither English nor French	1,685	660	1,025	1.5	1.2	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,640	54,150	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,955	50,855	53,095	94.0	93.9	94.0
Official languages	79,155	38,705	40,450	71.5	71.5	71.6
English	20,995	10,375	10,615	19.0	19.2	18.8
French	58,155	28,325	29,830	52.6	52.3	52.8
Non-official languages	24,800	12,150	12,650	22.4	22.4	22.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,765	12,140	12,625	22.4	22.4	22.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,550	1,400	1,155	2.3	2.6	2.0
Berber languages	355	190	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,125	1,170	950	1.9	2.2	1.7
Amharic	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,035	1,135	895	1.8	2.1	1.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	580	255	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	505	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	190	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	115	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	315	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,365	7,565	7,800	13.9	14.0	13.8
Albanian	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,035	1,355	1,680	2.7	2.5	3.0
Baltic languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	2,955	1,325	1,630	2.7	2.4	2.9
Belarusian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	615	260	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	1,390	640	755	1.3	1.2	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	330	135	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,835	1,605	1,225	2.6	3.0	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,380	1,360	1,015	2.2	2.5	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	895	460	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	245	155	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	980	575	405	0.9	1.1	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	405	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,405	4,070	4,335	7.6	7.5	7.7
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,515	1,190	1,325	2.3	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	880	440	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	600	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	4,395	2,150	2,245	4.0	4.0	4.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	200	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	705	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,835	1,820	2,010	3.5	3.4	3.6
Chinese languages	3,825	1,815	2,010	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,825	1,345	1,475	2.6	2.5	2.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	835	385	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,690	3,295	3,395	6.0	6.1	6.0
English and French	3,240	1,585	1,655	2.9	2.9	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,245	595	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,450	720	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	555	300	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,640	54,150	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,220	10,560	10,660	19.2	19.5	18.9
French	51,435	24,805	26,630	46.5	45.8	47.1
Non-official language	8,125	3,905	4,220	7.3	7.2	7.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,115	3,905	4,215	7.3	7.2	7.5
English and French	12,235	6,170	6,060	11.1	11.4	10.7
English and non-official language(s)	5,345	2,720	2,620	4.8	5.0	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	5,295	2,495	2,795	4.8	4.6	4.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,470	3,245	3,225	5.8	6.0	5.7
Multiple non-official languages	520	240	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,640	54,150	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,945	50,335	52,610	93.0	93.0	93.1
Official languages	88,840	43,445	45,390	80.3	80.2	80.3
English	28,595	14,225	14,370	25.8	26.3	25.4
French	60,240	29,220	31,025	54.4	54.0	54.9
Non-official languages	14,110	6,890	7,220	12.8	12.7	12.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,095	6,880	7,215	12.7	12.7	12.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,040	560	480	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	890	485	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	850	465	380	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	30	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,655	4,185	4,465	7.8	7.7	7.9
Albanian	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,900	875	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,865	855	1,010	1.7	1.6	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	115	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,035	475	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,970	1,075	895	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,725	945	775	1.6	1.7	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	665	325	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Gujarati	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	770	440	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,355	2,040	2,315	3.9	3.8	4.1
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	855	355	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portuguese	520	265	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,660	1,255	1,400	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,065	1,495	1,565	2.8	2.8	2.8
Chinese languages	3,065	1,500	1,565	2.8	2.8	2.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,345	1,145	1,205	2.1	2.1	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	600	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,695	3,815	3,880	7.0	7.0	6.9
English and French	3,510	1,740	1,765	3.2	3.2	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,555	780	775	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,720	820	900	1.6	1.5	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	860	455	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,640	54,150	56,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,745	42,220	44,520	78.4	78.0	78.8
English	7,525	3,865	3,660	6.8	7.1	6.5
French	6,045	2,975	3,070	5.5	5.5	5.4
Non-official language	5,150	2,490	2,660	4.7	4.6	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,130	2,480	2,645	4.6	4.6	4.7
English and French	1,400	715	690	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,640	825	810	1.5	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,475	710	770	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	480	260	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,190	53,285	54,905	98.5	98.8	98.1
English	83,470	42,235	41,235	76.0	78.3	73.7
French	94,115	45,950	48,165	85.7	85.2	86.1
Non-official languages	37,770	18,515	19,255	34.4	34.3	34.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,675	18,480	19,190	34.3	34.3	34.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,465	2,370	2,090	4.1	4.4	3.7
Berber languages	530	290	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kabyle	485	265	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,055	2,145	1,915	3.7	4.0	3.4
Amharic	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,880	2,060	1,820	3.5	3.8	3.3
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	405	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	670	340	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	840	335	510	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	655	225	435	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,055	520	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Haitian Creole	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	300	170	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	275	175	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	130	90	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,210	11,840	12,370	22.0	22.0	22.1
Albanian	565	295	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,775	1,785	1,990	3.4	3.3	3.6
Baltic languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	3,705	1,750	1,950	3.4	3.2	3.5
Belarusian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	515	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Czech	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	795	365	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian	2,110	980	1,120	1.9	1.8	2.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	670	325	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,065	620	445	1.0	1.1	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	915	535	385	0.8	1.0	0.7
German	885	515	375	0.8	1.0	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	590	300	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	3,430	1,990	1,435	3.1	3.7	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,950	1,705	1,245	2.7	3.2	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,100	570	535	1.0	1.1	1.0
Gujarati	95	75	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	1,370	820	550	1.2	1.5	1.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,190	715	470	1.1	1.3	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	485	290	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	425	250	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	360	210	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15,880	7,390	8,485	14.5	13.7	15.2
Catalan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	4,515	2,135	2,380	4.1	4.0	4.3
Portuguese	1,380	665	715	1.3	1.2	1.3
Romanian	750	375	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	10,490	4,815	5,670	9.5	8.9	10.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	340	140	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,755	880	875	1.6	1.6	1.6
Akan (Twi)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	150	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lingala	490	230	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Luba-Kasai	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mòoré	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Shona	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,575	2,200	2,370	4.2	4.1	4.2
Chinese languages	4,555	2,200	2,355	4.1	4.1	4.2
Hakka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,630	1,785	1,845	3.3	3.3	3.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,250	555	690	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	265	135	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,875	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,735	805	930	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,605	750	860	1.5	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,025	460	570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis	525	270	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,145	53,135	55,010	98.4	98.5	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,875	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	505	235	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,370	53,705	55,665	99.5	99.6	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,585	...	...	34.0	...	...
Renter	36,055	...	...	66.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,965	...	...	14.6	...	...
Not condominium	46,680	...	...	85.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	460	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	16,440	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,815	...	...	39.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,790	...	...	23.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,140	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	29,760	...	...	54.5	...	...
5 rooms	12,975	...	...	23.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,385	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	2,950	...	...	5.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,565	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,640	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	1,000	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,190	...	...	93.7	...	...
Not suitable	3,455	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	27,620	...	...	50.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,605	...	...	26.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,050	...	...	9.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,810	...	...	5.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,120	...	...	2.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,250	...	...	2.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,040	...	...	1.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,140	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,590	...	...	90.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,050	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,505	...	...	59.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,405	...	...	37.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,730	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,840	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	11,450	...	...	21.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,740	...	...	19.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,440	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,245	...	...	16.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,460	...	...	13.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,970	...	...	7.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,490	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,690	...	...	78.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,670	...	...	21.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,605	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	54,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,065	...	...	33.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,005	...	...	18.3	...	...
Not suitable only	2,560	...	...	4.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,420	...	...	6.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	445	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,185	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	415	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,580	...	...	66.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,365	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	47,935	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,585	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.6	...	...	64.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492	...	...	1,492	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	576,000	...	...	576,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,055	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	904	...	...	904	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,000	455	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	995	455	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	875	410	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis single ancestry	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,930	1,385	1,540	2.7	2.6	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,920	1,385	1,535	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,610	1,210	1,400	2.4	2.2	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	280	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,950	52,095	53,850	96.4	96.6	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,740	47,225	49,510	88.0	87.6	88.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,930	8,775	8,155	15.4	16.3	14.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,805	38,450	41,355	72.6	71.3	73.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,140	6,710	6,425	12.0	12.4	11.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,320	38,125	40,195	71.3	70.7	71.9
Immigrants⁸¹	25,670	12,490	13,180	23.4	23.2	23.6
Before 1980	3,795	1,775	2,015	3.5	3.3	3.6
1980 to 1990	1,895	930	970	1.7	1.7	1.7
1991 to 2000	4,345	2,195	2,145	4.0	4.1	3.8
2001 to 2010	6,920	3,405	3,515	6.3	6.3	6.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,720	4,185	4,535	7.9	7.8	8.1
2011 to 2015	4,115	2,010	2,100	3.7	3.7	3.8
2016 to 2021	4,605	2,175	2,435	4.2	4.0	4.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,885	3,320	2,560	5.4	6.2	4.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	25,670	12,490	13,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,995	1,010	985	7.8	8.1	7.5
5 to 14 years	3,935	1,905	2,030	15.3	15.3	15.4
15 to 24 years	4,440	2,110	2,325	17.3	16.9	17.6
25 to 44 years	13,515	6,635	6,880	52.6	53.1	52.2
45 years and over	1,785	825	960	7.0	6.6	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	25,670	12,490	13,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,155	2,385	2,765	20.1	19.1	21.0
Brazil	360	150	210	1.4	1.2	1.6
Colombia	355	165	190	1.4	1.3	1.4
El Salvador	260	115	150	1.0	0.9	1.1
Guyana	135	75	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haiti	350	165	190	1.4	1.3	1.4
Jamaica	180	85	100	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mexico	580	285	290	2.3	2.3	2.2
Peru	330	170	160	1.3	1.4	1.2
Trinidad and Tobago	200	85	110	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	440	235	205	1.7	1.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	1,965	865	1,095	7.7	6.9	8.3
Europe	8,440	4,225	4,215	32.9	33.8	32.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Croatia	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	2,625	1,380	1,245	10.2	11.0	9.4
Germany	170	90	80	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greece	170	90	85	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	1,380	620	760	5.4	5.0	5.8
Netherlands	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Poland	400	160	235	1.6	1.3	1.8
Portugal	145	85	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Romania	440	250	190	1.7	2.0	1.4
Russian Federation	405	210	200	1.6	1.7	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	590	280	315	2.3	2.2	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	170	140	1.2	1.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,565	775	790	6.1	6.2	6.0
Africa	5,045	2,565	2,480	19.7	20.5	18.8
Algeria	1,105	545	560	4.3	4.4	4.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	410	195	215	1.6	1.6	1.6
Egypt	140	65	75	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	775	390	385	3.0	3.1	2.9
Nigeria	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Somalia	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,385	1,260	1,125	9.3	10.1	8.5
Asia	6,970	3,295	3,680	27.2	26.4	27.9
Afghanistan	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	265	160	100	1.0	1.3	0.8
Iraq	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	290	180	110	1.1	1.4	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	110	55	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkey	140	75	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
China⁹⁰	2,635	1,225	1,410	10.3	9.8	10.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	175	75	100	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	135	65	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
Taiwan	95	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	645	220	425	2.5	1.8	3.2
Viet Nam	415	200	215	1.6	1.6	1.6
Bangladesh	630	325	305	2.5	2.6	2.3
India	475	245	230	1.9	2.0	1.7
Pakistan	65	30	30	0.3	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	795	335	465	3.1	2.7	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,605	2,175	2,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	685	325	365	14.9	14.9	15.0
Brazil	140	60	85	3.0	2.8	3.5
Colombia	70	30	40	1.5	1.4	1.6
Haiti	35	10	30	0.8	0.5	1.2
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Mexico	95	40	50	2.1	1.8	2.1
United States of America	60	45	20	1.3	2.1	0.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	30	45	1.7	1.4	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	200	105	100	4.3	4.8	4.1
Europe	1,345	675	670	29.2	31.0	27.5
France	760	375	390	16.5	17.2	16.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Italy	25	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	55	30	30	1.2	1.4	1.2
Ukraine	170	95	75	3.7	4.4	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	300	150	150	6.5	6.9	6.2
Africa	1,505	690	820	32.7	31.7	33.7
Algeria	230	110	120	5.0	5.1	4.9
Burundi	60	45	15	1.3	2.1	0.6
Cameroon	255	120	130	5.5	5.5	5.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	140	70	65	3.0	3.2	2.7
Côte d'Ivoire	125	45	80	2.7	2.1	3.3
Egypt	30	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Morocco	145	70	75	3.1	3.2	3.1
Nigeria	35	15	25	0.8	0.7	1.0
Somalia	40	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	75	40	35	1.6	1.8	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	355	135	220	7.7	6.2	9.0
Asia	1,040	475	565	22.6	21.8	23.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	80	40	35	1.7	1.8	1.4
China⁹⁰	355	150	205	7.7	6.9	8.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	105	105	4.6	4.8	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	95	40	50	2.1	1.8	2.1
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
Turkey	25	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	130	65	65	2.8	3.0	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
Australia	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,875	53,940	55,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	32,505	16,255	16,250	29.6	30.1	29.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,665	9,295	9,375	17.0	17.2	16.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	58,700	28,395	30,305	53.4	52.6	54.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,875	10,710	11,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,995	6,685	6,315	59.4	62.4	56.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,925	3,970	2,950	31.7	37.1	26.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,070	2,710	3,365	27.7	25.3	30.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,500	2,290	3,210	25.1	21.4	28.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,100	1,605	1,495	14.2	15.0	13.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	285	130	150	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,875	10,710	11,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,210	1,140	1,070	10.1	10.6	9.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,575	1,265	1,305	11.8	11.8	11.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	610	345	270	2.8	3.2	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,620	865	755	7.4	8.1	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,730	7,050	7,680	67.3	65.8	68.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	28,240	14,095	14,145	25.7	26.1	25.3
South Asian	3,545	2,030	1,515	3.2	3.8	2.7
Chinese	4,745	2,285	2,460	4.3	4.2	4.4
Black	8,285	4,105	4,175	7.5	7.6	7.5
Filipino	865	310	555	0.8	0.6	1.0
Arab	2,990	1,600	1,385	2.7	3.0	2.5
Latin American	4,355	2,025	2,330	4.0	3.8	4.2
Southeast Asian	1,245	645	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
West Asian	440	265	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korean	280	110	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	170	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	420	235	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	905	445	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	81,635	39,840	41,795	74.3	73.9	74.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,640	8,900	9,740	17.0	16.5	17.4
English	5,005	2,560	2,440	4.6	4.7	4.4
Irish	9,980	4,585	5,390	9.1	8.5	9.6
Scottish	5,385	2,425	2,950	4.9	4.5	5.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,705	12,035	12,675	22.5	22.3	22.7
German	2,680	1,230	1,450	2.4	2.3	2.6
Chinese	4,955	2,395	2,560	4.5	4.4	4.6
Italian	8,255	3,925	4,335	7.5	7.3	7.7
Indian (India)	1,825	1,095	730	1.7	2.0	1.3
Ukrainian	1,725	780	945	1.6	1.4	1.7
Dutch	525	245	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	1,990	990	1,000	1.8	1.8	1.8
Québécois	9,305	4,670	4,635	8.5	8.7	8.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	990	485	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	975	390	585	0.9	0.7	1.0
French Canadian	5,310	2,675	2,635	4.8	5.0	4.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,920	1,000	925	1.7	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,655	815	840	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	385	210	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,675	845	835	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	1,520	760	760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Norwegian	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Welsh	370	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	1,045	515	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
American	850	450	400	0.8	0.8	0.7
Spanish	2,155	1,060	1,095	2.0	2.0	2.0
Swedish	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	460	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	1,345	615	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistani	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,640	780	860	1.5	1.4	1.5
Jewish	690	335	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	820	420	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,305	670	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
Greek	935	485	450	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	510	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	380	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	830	420	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Lebanese	730	355	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iranian	410	230	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	645	320	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	190	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belgian	765	420	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Haitian	1,110	595	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Hindu	220	145	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	960	440	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mennonite	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	430	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	200	45	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	105	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	375	200	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	765	410	355	0.7	0.8	0.6
Tamil	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	675	310	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	975	490	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Czech	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	410	180	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	725	385	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Algerian	1,015	510	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Brazilian	595	250	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Nigerian	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	240	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slovak	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	505	205	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
African Caribbean	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	315	125	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquin	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	375	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	710	365	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nova Scotian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Yoruba	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	650	325	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	565	295	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Maltese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	160	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	55	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	230	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	540	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albertan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
African American	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	345	195	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cameroonian	255	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guatemalan	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	90	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	250	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	165	80	80	0.2	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	265	135	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Grenadian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malayali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central African	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Libyan	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malagasy	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,880	53,940	55,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,085	485	600	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	57,755	26,825	30,925	52.6	49.7	55.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,090	2,960	3,130	5.5	5.5	5.6
Anabaptist	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,230	580	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baptist	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	43,790	20,245	23,550	39.9	37.5	42.1
Christian Orthodox	2,370	1,125	1,250	2.2	2.1	2.2
Jehovah's Witness	310	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	685	310	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Reformed	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	380	145	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,050	960	1,090	1.9	1.8	1.9
Hindu	1,260	785	475	1.1	1.5	0.8
Jewish	510	275	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Muslim	6,350	3,270	3,075	5.8	6.1	5.5
Sikh	935	515	420	0.9	1.0	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	830	350	480	0.8	0.6	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	41,140	21,425	19,715	37.4	39.7	35.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,770	53,415	55,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,610	46,205	48,405	87.0	86.5	87.4
Movers	14,160	7,210	6,955	13.0	13.5	12.6
Non-migrants	11,000	5,635	5,365	10.1	10.5	9.7
Migrants	3,165	1,575	1,590	2.9	2.9	2.9
Internal migrants	1,920	920	995	1.8	1.7	1.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,480	700	780	1.4	1.3	1.4
Interprovincial migrants	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	1,245	655	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,415	51,195	53,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,255	28,190	30,065	55.8	55.1	56.5
Movers	46,160	23,005	23,155	44.2	44.9	43.5
Non-migrants	28,945	14,390	14,555	27.7	28.1	27.4
Migrants	17,215	8,615	8,600	16.5	16.8	16.2
Internal migrants	9,235	4,405	4,830	8.8	8.6	9.1
Intraprovincial migrants	7,515	3,540	3,975	7.2	6.9	7.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,720	865	855	1.6	1.7	1.6
External migrants	7,975	4,215	3,770	7.6	8.2	7.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,000	45,670	48,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,700	8,385	8,315	17.8	18.4	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,300	37,285	40,015	82.2	81.6	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,855	32,745	33,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,570	4,200	3,370	11.5	12.8	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,285	28,540	29,740	88.5	87.2	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,000	45,665	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,160	7,335	7,830	16.1	16.1	16.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,565	9,875	9,690	20.8	21.6	20.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,275	28,465	30,815	63.1	62.3	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,875	14,085	13,785	29.7	30.8	28.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,440	5,490	3,950	10.0	12.0	8.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,785	3,555	3,240	7.2	7.8	6.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,645	1,935	710	2.8	4.2	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,035	7,125	7,910	16.0	15.6	16.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,400	1,475	1,930	3.6	3.2	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,400	14,375	17,025	33.4	31.5	35.2
Bachelor's degree	18,410	8,215	10,200	19.6	18.0	21.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,075	1,295	1,775	3.3	2.8	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370	165	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	8,375	4,000	4,370	8.9	8.8	9.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,170	700	470	1.2	1.5	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,855	32,740	33,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,645	3,595	3,050	10.1	11.0	9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,810	5,875	4,935	16.4	17.9	14.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,400	23,270	25,125	73.5	71.1	75.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,915	10,685	10,230	31.8	32.6	30.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,195	4,100	3,095	10.9	12.5	9.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,215	2,685	2,530	7.9	8.2	7.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,975	1,410	565	3.0	4.3	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,095	5,415	5,680	16.8	16.5	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,620	1,165	1,450	4.0	3.6	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,485	12,590	14,895	41.7	38.5	45.0
Bachelor's degree	15,855	7,160	8,695	24.1	21.9	26.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,675	1,115	1,555	4.1	3.4	4.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	120	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	7,620	3,600	4,015	11.6	11.0	12.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,045	600	445	1.6	1.8	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,000	45,665	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,725	17,205	17,520	36.9	37.7	36.2
Education	3,135	825	2,310	3.3	1.8	4.8
13. Education	3,135	825	2,310	3.3	1.8	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,100	1,940	2,160	4.4	4.2	4.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	560	425	140	0.6	0.9	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	3,540	1,520	2,020	3.8	3.3	4.2
Humanities	4,310	1,720	2,595	4.6	3.8	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	920	265	655	1.0	0.6	1.4
23. English language and literature/letters	480	160	320	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,545	680	870	1.6	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	380	205	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	565	185	385	0.6	0.4	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,415	2,910	5,500	9.0	6.4	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,415	485	925	1.5	1.1	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,015	115	900	1.1	0.3	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,335	430	900	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	55	170	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,205	305	905	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,035	1,450	1,590	3.2	3.2	3.3
Business, management and public administration	13,535	5,500	8,035	14.4	12.0	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	810	165	650	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,715	5,330	7,385	13.5	11.7	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,545	1,395	1,145	2.7	3.1	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,110	490	615	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	250	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	790	575	210	0.8	1.3	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,560	2,520	1,035	3.8	5.5	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,955	2,230	720	3.1	4.9	1.5
25. Library science	220	45	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	320	200	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,060	8,440	1,615	10.7	18.5	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	600	335	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	4,035	3,130	905	4.3	6.9	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,735	1,500	240	1.8	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,550	1,480	70	1.6	3.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,300	1,230	70	1.4	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	835	765	70	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	330	420	0.8	0.7	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	205	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	6,070	1,345	4,720	6.5	2.9	9.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	165	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,580	1,165	4,415	5.9	2.6	9.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,780	1,520	1,265	3.0	3.3	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,865	745	1,120	2.0	1.6	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	410	330	80	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	445	65	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,855	32,745	33,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,455	9,465	7,990	26.5	28.9	24.1
Education	2,375	630	1,745	3.6	1.9	5.3
13. Education	2,375	630	1,745	3.6	1.9	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,420	1,650	1,765	5.2	5.0	5.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	485	380	110	0.7	1.2	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,925	1,275	1,655	4.4	3.9	5.0
Humanities	3,265	1,305	1,955	5.0	4.0	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	775	230	540	1.2	0.7	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	385	120	265	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	465	550	1.5	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	320	170	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	455	150	305	0.7	0.5	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,180	2,505	4,675	10.9	7.7	14.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,225	410	820	1.9	1.3	2.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	80	720	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,175	395	780	1.8	1.2	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210	55	160	0.3	0.2	0.5
42. Psychology	1,040	265	775	1.6	0.8	2.3
45. Social sciences	2,565	1,230	1,330	3.9	3.8	4.0
Business, management and public administration	11,225	4,610	6,615	17.0	14.1	20.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	695	155	535	1.1	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,525	4,450	6,080	16.0	13.6	18.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,960	1,100	860	3.0	3.4	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	975	445	530	1.5	1.4	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	625	455	175	0.9	1.4	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,140	2,270	870	4.8	6.9	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,670	2,060	615	4.1	6.3	1.9
25. Library science	175	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	140	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,110	6,700	1,410	12.3	20.5	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	515	295	220	0.8	0.9	0.7
14. Engineering	3,595	2,765	830	5.5	8.4	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,280	1,115	165	1.9	3.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,170	1,110	60	1.8	3.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	915	850	70	1.4	2.6	0.2
48. Precision production	630	570	65	1.0	1.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	270	385	1.0	0.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	410	175	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	100	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	4,805	1,045	3,760	7.3	3.2	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	140	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,400	905	3,500	6.7	2.8	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,260	1,185	1,075	3.4	3.6	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,540	595	950	2.3	1.8	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	245	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	340	55	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,855	32,745	33,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,455	9,465	7,990	26.5	28.9	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,395	23,275	25,120	73.5	71.1	75.9
Location of study inside Canada	37,510	17,860	19,650	57.0	54.5	59.3
Same as province or territory of residence	35,665	16,895	18,775	54.2	51.6	56.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,845	965	880	2.8	2.9	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,890	5,415	5,470	16.5	16.5	16.5
Americas	1,870	860	1,005	2.8	2.6	3.0
United States of America	440	225	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	310	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cuba	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haiti	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	330	130	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	225	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	250	110	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Europe	4,515	2,340	2,180	6.9	7.1	6.6
Belgium	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	2,640	1,435	1,205	4.0	4.4	3.6
Germany	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	125	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	290	120	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	515	235	280	0.8	0.7	0.8
Africa	1,690	885	805	2.6	2.7	2.4
Nigeria	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algeria	535	285	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
Morocco	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	625	340	285	0.9	1.0	0.9
Asia	2,700	1,280	1,420	4.1	3.9	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,120	540	575	1.7	1.6	1.7
Taiwan	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	260	80	180	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	215	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	460	240	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Oceania	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,000	45,670	48,330	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,580	31,855	30,730	...	...	...
Employed	56,270	28,570	27,700	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,310	3,280	3,025	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,420	13,815	17,605	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.6	69.8	63.6	66.6	69.8	63.6
Employment rate	59.9	62.6	57.3	59.9	62.6	57.3
Unemployment rate	10.1	10.3	9.8	10.1	10.3	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,000	45,665	48,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,910	14,195	17,715	33.9	31.1	36.7
Worked	62,090	31,475	30,615	66.1	68.9	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,940	16,790	15,155	34.0	36.8	31.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,150	14,685	15,465	32.1	32.2	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.6	40.0	40.3	40.6	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,585	31,850	30,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	815	810	2.6	2.6	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,965	31,045	29,920	97.4	97.5	97.4
Employee	54,285	27,020	27,265	86.7	84.8	88.7
Permanent position	45,360	22,815	22,545	72.5	71.6	73.4
Temporary position	8,925	4,200	4,725	14.3	13.2	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,850	1,700	2,150	6.2	5.3	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,075	2,500	2,570	8.1	7.8	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,675	4,020	2,655	10.7	12.6	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,585	31,850	30,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	815	810	2.6	2.6	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,965	31,045	29,920	97.4	97.5	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	660	420	240	1.1	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,730	4,425	8,305	20.3	13.9	27.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,095	5,260	1,835	11.3	16.5	6.0
3 Health occupations	4,285	945	3,340	6.8	3.0	10.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,220	2,610	5,610	13.1	8.2	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,715	1,905	1,810	5.9	6.0	5.9
6 Sales and service occupations	15,000	7,680	7,315	24.0	24.1	23.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,010	6,285	730	11.2	19.7	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	320	280	40	0.5	0.9	0.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,925	1,235	690	3.1	3.9	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,585	31,850	30,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	815	810	2.6	2.6	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	60,965	31,045	29,920	97.4	97.5	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	420	260	160	0.7	0.8	0.5
23 Construction	2,600	2,170	430	4.2	6.8	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	3,880	2,620	1,255	6.2	8.2	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,860	1,135	730	3.0	3.6	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,360	3,220	3,145	10.2	10.1	10.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,490	2,580	910	5.6	8.1	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,690	1,600	1,095	4.3	5.0	3.6
52 Finance and insurance	3,300	1,500	1,800	5.3	4.7	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,125	620	500	1.8	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,900	4,485	3,410	12.6	14.1	11.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,700	1,725	970	4.3	5.4	3.2
61 Educational services	5,765	2,030	3,735	9.2	6.4	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,195	1,955	6,240	13.1	6.1	20.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,230	590	635	2.0	1.9	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,655	2,005	1,655	5.8	6.3	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,510	995	1,510	4.0	3.1	4.9
91 Public administration	2,880	1,355	1,525	4.6	4.3	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,145	33,640	32,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,200	6,150	5,045	16.9	18.3	15.5
French	22,375	10,935	11,440	33.8	32.5	35.2
Non-official language	305	135	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	305	135	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	30,055	15,280	14,780	45.4	45.4	45.5
English and non-official language(s)	600	380	220	0.9	1.1	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	220	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,370	650	720	2.1	1.9	2.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,145	33,640	32,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,665	29,920	28,745	88.7	88.9	88.4
Official languages	58,060	29,620	28,440	87.8	88.0	87.5
English	20,435	10,935	9,500	30.9	32.5	29.2
French	37,620	18,680	18,940	56.9	55.5	58.3
Non-official languages	610	300	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	610	300	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	245	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,485	3,720	3,760	11.3	11.1	11.6
English and French	7,125	3,545	3,580	10.8	10.5	11.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	110	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,145	33,640	32,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,925	20,720	20,205	61.9	61.6	62.2
English	14,845	7,610	7,245	22.4	22.6	22.3
French	8,660	4,440	4,225	13.1	13.2	13.0
Non-official language	780	420	360	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	770	420	350	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and French	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	420	170	245	0.6	0.5	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	335	195	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,270	28,570	27,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,360	9,020	9,340	32.6	31.6	33.7
Worked outside Canada	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,785	3,485	1,295	8.5	12.2	4.7
Usual place of work	33,035	16,000	17,030	58.7	56.0	61.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,035	16,000	17,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,470	12,795	14,680	83.2	80.0	86.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,835	1,555	1,280	8.6	9.7	7.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,655	1,610	1,045	8.0	10.1	6.1
Commute to a different province or territory	65	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,815	19,485	18,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	20,805	12,155	8,655	55.0	62.4	47.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,340	11,685	7,650	51.1	60.0	41.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,470	465	1,000	3.9	2.4	5.5
Public transit	12,100	5,145	6,950	32.0	26.4	37.9
Walked	3,200	1,280	1,920	8.5	6.6	10.5
Bicycle	1,035	625	400	2.7	3.2	2.2
Other method	675	285	390	1.8	1.5	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,815	19,485	18,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,270	3,225	4,050	19.2	16.6	22.1
15 to 29 minutes	12,865	6,825	6,040	34.0	35.0	33.0
30 to 44 minutes	10,445	5,820	4,630	27.6	29.9	25.3
45 to 59 minutes	3,845	1,825	2,015	10.2	9.4	11.0
60 minutes and over	3,390	1,790	1,590	9.0	9.2	8.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,815	19,485	18,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,515	1,895	620	6.7	9.7	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,900	3,445	2,460	15.6	17.7	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,025	4,650	5,370	26.5	23.9	29.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,065	3,495	4,575	21.3	17.9	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,330	2,545	2,780	14.1	13.1	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,990	3,460	2,530	15.8	17.8	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,520	9,625	8,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,295	2,815	2,485	28.6	29.2	27.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,220	6,810	6,410	71.4	70.8	72.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,630	6,650	5,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,785	2,020	1,760	30.0	30.4	29.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,995	1,610	1,385	23.7	24.2	23.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	790	415	375	6.3	6.2	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,845	4,625	4,220	70.0	69.5	70.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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