Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La Vallée-du-Richelieu, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	131,803	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,420	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,796	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,785	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	224.2	...	...	224.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	587.84	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,800	64,745	67,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,545	13,025	12,515	19.4	20.1	18.7
0 to 4 years	7,270	3,775	3,500	5.5	5.8	5.2
5 to 9 years	8,980	4,550	4,430	6.8	7.0	6.6
10 to 14 years	9,295	4,700	4,590	7.1	7.3	6.8
15 to 64 years	82,980	41,005	41,975	63.0	63.3	62.6
15 to 19 years	7,490	3,765	3,725	5.7	5.8	5.6
20 to 24 years	5,660	2,945	2,715	4.3	4.5	4.0
25 to 29 years	6,375	3,130	3,245	4.8	4.8	4.8
30 to 34 years	7,595	3,690	3,905	5.8	5.7	5.8
35 to 39 years	9,185	4,405	4,780	7.0	6.8	7.1
40 to 44 years	10,430	5,165	5,265	7.9	8.0	7.9
45 to 49 years	9,265	4,640	4,620	7.0	7.2	6.9
50 to 54 years	8,645	4,325	4,320	6.6	6.7	6.4
55 to 59 years	9,515	4,700	4,820	7.2	7.3	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,820	4,245	4,575	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over	23,275	10,710	12,565	17.7	16.5	18.7
65 to 69 years	7,395	3,540	3,850	5.6	5.5	5.7
70 to 74 years	6,455	3,020	3,435	4.9	4.7	5.1
75 to 79 years	4,580	2,175	2,405	3.5	3.4	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,555	1,115	1,435	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	2,300	855	1,445	1.7	1.3	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,535	640	890	1.2	1.0	1.3
90 to 94 years	615	175	445	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.4	20.1	18.7	19.4	20.1	18.7
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.3	62.6	63.0	63.3	62.6
65 years and over	17.7	16.5	18.7	17.7	16.5	18.7
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
Average age of the population	40.9	40.2	41.7	40.9	40.2	41.7
Median age of the population	42.0	41.6	42.4	42.0	41.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,370	...	...	65.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,645	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	1,180	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,675	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,290	...	...	23.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,460	...	...	25.5	...	...
2 persons	19,010	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	8,085	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	8,480	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,750	...	...	7.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	106,260	51,720	54,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,235	33,575	33,665	63.3	64.9	61.7
Married	34,080	17,025	17,055	32.1	32.9	31.3
Living common-law	33,155	16,550	16,605	31.2	32.0	30.4
Living common law - Never married	27,015	13,440	13,575	25.4	26.0	24.9
Living common law - Separated	290	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	5,260	2,690	2,565	5.0	5.2	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	585	255	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	39,020	18,145	20,875	36.7	35.1	38.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,945	14,130	12,820	25.4	27.3	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,070	495	575	1.0	1.0	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,240	2,365	3,875	5.9	4.6	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,770	1,160	3,605	4.5	2.2	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,315	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	7,955	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	8,395	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,110	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,275	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	16,700	...	...	43.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,530	...	...	19.4	...	...
Without children	9,170	...	...	23.6	...	...
Common-law couples	16,575	...	...	42.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,560	...	...	24.7	...	...
Without children	7,015	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,505	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,755	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,750	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	112,470	56,095	56,380	86.7	87.5	85.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,550	33,240	33,310	51.3	51.9	50.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,500	1,750	3,750	4.2	2.7	5.7
Children⁶	40,425	21,105	19,315	31.1	32.9	29.4
In a two-parent family	31,940	16,595	15,340	24.6	25.9	23.4
In a one-parent family	8,485	4,510	3,975	6.5	7.0	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,315	8,015	9,300	13.3	12.5	14.2
Living alone	13,460	6,150	7,305	10.4	9.6	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,795	725	1,075	1.4	1.1	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,055	1,130	925	1.6	1.8	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	36,440	...	...	69.0	...	...
Couple-family households	31,545	...	...	59.8	...	...
With children⁶	16,245	...	...	30.8	...	...
Without children	15,305	...	...	29.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,895	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	885	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,025	...	...	1.9	...	...
One-person households	13,460	...	...	25.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,250	51,090	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,000	50,035	51,965	97.8	97.9	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	57,600	44,000	50,400	57,600	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,040	50,055	51,985	97.9	98.0	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	38,800	43,200	48,400	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,360	48,040	48,320	92.4	94.0	90.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,400	34,800	43,200	52,400	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,745	40,760	38,990	76.5	79.8	73.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,000	38,800	45,600	54,000	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,375	34,875	43,500	75.2	68.3	81.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,000	11,000	10,100	9,000	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,565	5,750	5,810	11.1	11.3	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,160	6,000	5,520	5,160	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,690	14,305	13,380	26.6	28.0	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,500	6,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,255	51,095	53,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,000	49,985	52,015	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,900	70,200	51,900	60,900	70,200	51,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,045	50,005	52,040	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,680	54,750	42,880	48,680	54,750	42,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,310	47,950	48,360	92.4	93.8	91.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,850	65,300	44,520	54,850	65,300	44,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,745	40,680	39,065	76.5	79.6	73.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,150	63,300	46,680	55,150	63,300	46,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,545	34,915	43,630	75.3	68.3	82.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,790	10,890	12,510	11,790	10,890	12,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,820	5,880	5,940	11.3	11.5	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,510	5,890	9,110	7,510	5,890	9,110
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,835	14,385	13,445	26.7	28.2	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,580	7,180	8,000	7,580	7,180	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,255	51,090	53,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,765	22,490	19,275	40.1	44.0	36.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	77,000	60,400	69,500	77,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,500	86,900	68,800	78,500	86,900	68,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,850	14,475	16,370	29.6	28.3	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	24,200	19,000	21,000	24,200	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200	39,440	27,720	33,200	39,440	27,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.2	79.8	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.8	73.4	67.6	70.8	73.4	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.9	10.8	20.2	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0	1.4	1.0	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.8	3.9	3.3	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.9	4.0	3.4	2.9	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,255	51,085	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,250	1,055	1,195	2.2	2.1	2.2
With total income	102,005	50,035	51,965	97.8	97.9	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,225	2,610	3,615	6.1	5.2	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,320	3,460	5,860	9.1	6.9	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,595	5,080	7,510	12.3	10.2	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,835	4,535	6,300	10.6	9.1	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,745	5,330	6,420	11.5	10.7	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,660	5,120	5,540	10.5	10.2	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	8,860	4,540	4,325	8.7	9.1	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	7,150	3,980	3,165	7.0	8.0	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	6,215	3,450	2,760	6.1	6.9	5.3
$90,000 to $99,999	4,640	2,695	1,945	4.5	5.4	3.7
$100,000 and over	13,745	9,230	4,520	13.5	18.4	8.7
$100,000 to $149,999	9,690	6,220	3,470	9.5	12.4	6.7
$150,000 and over	4,055	3,010	1,050	4.0	6.0	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,255	51,085	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,215	1,035	1,180	2.1	2.0	2.2
With after-tax income	102,040	50,055	51,980	97.9	98.0	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,855	2,775	4,080	6.7	5.5	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,000	3,755	6,250	9.8	7.5	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,780	6,040	8,740	14.5	12.1	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	14,510	6,455	8,050	14.2	12.9	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,795	7,240	7,555	14.5	14.5	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	12,310	6,435	5,875	12.1	12.9	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	9,535	5,325	4,210	9.3	10.6	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,755	3,775	2,980	6.6	7.5	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,315	2,630	1,680	4.2	5.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,640	1,665	970	2.6	3.3	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,560	3,960	1,595	5.4	7.9	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,970	2,015	960	2.9	4.0	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,590	1,950	635	2.5	3.9	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,255	51,085	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,500	10,330	14,170	23.5	20.2	26.7
With employment income	79,750	40,755	38,990	76.5	79.8	73.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,210	4,645	4,565	11.5	11.4	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,435	2,325	3,115	6.8	5.7	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,205	3,460	4,745	10.3	8.5	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,555	2,670	3,885	8.2	6.6	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,440	2,855	3,585	8.1	7.0	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,020	3,115	3,905	8.8	7.6	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,690	3,300	3,385	8.4	8.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,835	3,150	2,680	7.3	7.7	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,155	2,915	2,235	6.5	7.2	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,940	2,680	2,255	6.2	6.6	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,405	2,145	1,260	4.3	5.3	3.2
$100,000 and over	10,860	7,490	3,375	13.6	18.4	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	5,355	3,475	1,880	6.7	8.5	4.8
$125,000 and over	5,510	4,015	1,495	6.9	9.9	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,250	51,090	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,085	49,075	51,010	96.0	96.1	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	57,600	42,000	49,200	57,600	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,155	49,095	51,060	96.1	96.1	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,000	37,200	42,000	48,000	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,825	47,240	47,580	91.0	92.5	89.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,400	36,000	44,400	54,400	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,685	40,680	39,005	76.4	79.6	73.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,600	39,200	46,400	55,600	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,585	29,885	39,700	66.7	58.5	74.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	5,200	8,400	7,350	5,200	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,110	5,785	5,330	10.7	11.3	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,000	6,120	4,800	4,000	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,255	51,095	53,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,075	49,010	51,065	96.0	95.9	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,650	68,900	48,760	58,650	68,900	48,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,150	49,015	51,140	96.1	95.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,440	52,950	40,240	46,440	52,950	40,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,845	47,235	47,610	91.0	92.4	89.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,100	66,300	44,000	55,100	66,300	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,870	40,685	39,175	76.6	79.6	73.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	63,800	45,520	54,850	63,800	45,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,650	29,800	39,850	66.8	58.3	75.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,210	8,250	9,930	9,210	8,250	9,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,195	5,800	5,395	10.7	11.4	10.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	5,100	9,550	7,250	5,100	9,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,255	51,090	53,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,615	22,420	19,190	39.9	43.9	36.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	75,000	56,400	66,000	75,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	83,600	62,250	73,700	83,600	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,215	13,760	15,450	28.0	26.9	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	32,000	25,000	27,800	32,000	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,000	45,880	32,880	39,000	45,880	32,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.8	84.2	89.0	92.8	84.2
Employment income (%)	74.6	76.8	71.6	74.6	76.8	71.6
Government transfers (%)	10.9	7.3	15.9	10.9	7.3	15.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.1	1.4	0.9	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,785	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,000	...	...	57,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,440	...	...	46,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,635	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,200	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,135	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,440	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,770	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,690	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,445	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,380	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,285	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,265	...	...	49.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,030	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,695	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,385	...	...	14.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,155	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	520	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,775	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,490	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,035	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,175	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,130	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,250	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,255	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,850	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,695	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,105	...	...	38.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,705	...	...	14.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,300	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,100	...	...	13.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,510	7,285	8,225	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	51,600	42,000	46,000	51,600	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	43,200	37,200	40,000	43,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	114,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,800	...	...	174,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,505	7,150	8,350	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,650	61,950	50,240	55,650	61,950	50,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,440	49,320	42,120	45,440	49,320	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,325	15,415	14,905	23.4	24.0	22.7
0 to 5 years	9,090	4,695	4,400	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years	78,040	38,535	39,500	60.1	60.1	60.1
65 years and over	21,420	10,155	11,270	16.5	15.8	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,830	2,975	3,860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,215	645	565	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	165	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,225	1,515	1,710	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,395	810	1,585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.3	4.6	5.9	5.3	4.6	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	3.9	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.3
65 years and over (%)	11.2	8.0	14.1	11.2	8.0	14.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,320	15,420	14,905	23.4	24.1	22.7
0 to 5 years	9,095	4,690	4,400	7.0	7.3	6.7
18 to 64 years	78,040	38,535	39,505	60.1	60.1	60.1
65 years and over	21,425	10,155	11,270	16.5	15.8	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,410	1,170	1,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	375	195	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	45	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,640	835	800	...	...	...
65 years and over	400	140	260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.4	2.3	1.9	1.4	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,970	24,130	26,835	39.3	37.6	40.9
In bottom decile	5,575	2,485	3,090	4.3	3.9	4.7
In second decile	8,185	3,660	4,525	6.3	5.7	6.9
In third decile	10,150	4,825	5,325	7.8	7.5	8.1
In fourth decile	12,585	6,060	6,530	9.7	9.5	9.9
In fifth decile	14,470	7,105	7,370	11.1	11.1	11.2
In top half of the distribution	78,820	39,975	38,845	60.7	62.4	59.1
In sixth decile	15,910	7,970	7,940	12.3	12.4	12.1
In seventh decile	16,755	8,445	8,310	12.9	13.2	12.7
In eighth decile	17,165	8,765	8,405	13.2	13.7	12.8
In ninth decile	16,130	8,195	7,935	12.4	12.8	12.1
In top decile	12,860	6,595	6,260	9.9	10.3	9.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,785	...	...	129,785	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,000	64,525	66,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,055	530	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
French only	61,220	28,010	33,205	46.7	43.4	50.0
English and French	68,425	35,835	32,585	52.2	55.5	49.0
Neither English nor French	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,000	64,525	66,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,700	2,880	2,815	4.4	4.5	4.2
French	122,785	60,360	62,425	93.7	93.5	93.9
English and French	2,240	1,150	1,095	1.7	1.8	1.6
Neither English nor French	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,000	64,525	66,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,105	63,070	65,035	97.8	97.7	97.8
Official languages	122,095	60,165	61,930	93.2	93.2	93.2
English	4,340	2,200	2,140	3.3	3.4	3.2
French	117,755	57,965	59,790	89.9	89.8	89.9
Non-official languages	6,010	2,905	3,105	4.6	4.5	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,000	2,900	3,100	4.6	4.5	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	915	475	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	800	410	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	795	410	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,930	1,915	2,010	3.0	3.0	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	585	260	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	580	260	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	440	240	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	385	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	375	205	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	285	160	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,590	1,250	1,340	2.0	1.9	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	265	160	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	395	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,535	735	800	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	160	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	370	160	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,895	1,455	1,440	2.2	2.3	2.2
English and French	1,965	1,000	965	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	600	290	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,000	64,525	66,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,060	1,545	1,520	2.3	2.4	2.3
French	113,795	55,845	57,955	86.9	86.5	87.2
Non-official language	1,545	775	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,540	775	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	7,690	4,010	3,680	5.9	6.2	5.5
English and non-official language(s)	440	225	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	2,595	1,210	1,390	2.0	1.9	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,800	880	920	1.4	1.4	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,000	64,525	66,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,100	63,100	64,990	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	125,185	61,655	63,530	95.6	95.6	95.6
English	4,830	2,450	2,380	3.7	3.8	3.6
French	120,360	59,210	61,150	91.9	91.8	92.0
Non-official languages	2,910	1,445	1,465	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,905	1,445	1,465	2.2	2.2	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,060	1,030	1,025	1.6	1.6	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,380	690	695	1.1	1.1	1.0
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	895	440	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,905	1,425	1,480	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	1,845	925	915	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	675	325	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,000	64,525	66,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	120,860	59,380	61,485	92.3	92.0	92.5
English	4,940	2,615	2,330	3.8	4.1	3.5
French	2,205	1,090	1,115	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official language	1,680	780	900	1.3	1.2	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,680	780	895	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	325	165	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	650	320	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	129,480	63,940	65,545	99.8	99.7	99.8
English	69,075	36,190	32,885	53.2	56.5	50.1
French	128,480	63,445	65,035	99.0	99.0	99.0
Non-official languages	12,450	5,825	6,620	9.6	9.1	10.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,440	5,820	6,620	9.6	9.1	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,430	745	680	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	125	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,365	720	640	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,345	710	630	1.0	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	580	275	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	430	215	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,015	4,145	4,870	6.9	6.5	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	820	365	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	810	365	445	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	555	245	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	710	350	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	570	300	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	555	285	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	665	365	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	180	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	560	305	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	560	305	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	465	255	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian Persian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,150	3,210	3,940	5.5	5.0	6.0
Catalan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	800	400	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	625	320	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	5,595	2,430	3,170	4.3	3.8	4.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	405	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	245	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	555	245	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	175	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,785	64,105	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,515	730	785	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,420	685	740	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	885	440	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	515	235	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	128,265	63,375	64,890	98.8	98.9	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,785	64,105	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,520	63,980	65,550	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	41,690	...	...	79.0	...	...
Renter	11,095	...	...	21.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,280	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not condominium	45,505	...	...	86.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,585	...	...	6.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,515	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,300	...	...	36.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,240	...	...	30.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,455	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 rooms	6,665	...	...	12.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,395	...	...	10.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,980	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	22,295	...	...	42.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,625	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,950	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	835	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,470	...	...	12.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,290	...	...	27.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,195	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,655	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,750	...	...	9.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,885	...	...	9.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,235	...	...	8.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,310	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,485	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,580	...	...	46.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,165	...	...	51.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,045	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	595	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,305	...	...	11.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,030	...	...	20.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,565	...	...	20.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,885	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,185	...	...	15.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,325	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	890	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,250	...	...	88.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,280	...	...	12.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,865	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,975	...	...	17.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,885	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not suitable only	730	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,915	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	340	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	43,815	...	...	83.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,810	...	...	3.5	...	...
Not in core need	50,305	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,495	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.0	...	...	70.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,386	...	...	1,386	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	446,000	...	...	446,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,090	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	992	...	...	992	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,785	64,105	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,435	650	785	1.1	1.0	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,410	640	770	1.1	1.0	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,225	540	690	0.9	0.8	1.1
Métis single ancestry	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,620	1,710	1,905	2.8	2.7	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,590	1,705	1,885	2.8	2.7	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,290	1,545	1,745	2.5	2.4	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	285	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	124,735	61,745	62,990	96.1	96.3	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,785	64,110	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	127,260	62,930	64,335	98.1	98.2	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,865	15,230	14,635	23.0	23.8	22.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	97,395	47,695	49,700	75.0	74.4	75.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,525	1,180	1,345	1.9	1.8	2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,785	64,110	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	120,495	59,535	60,965	92.8	92.9	92.8
Immigrants⁸¹	8,730	4,285	4,445	6.7	6.7	6.8
Before 1980	1,440	780	660	1.1	1.2	1.0
1980 to 1990	680	330	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,150	580	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
2001 to 2010	2,660	1,290	1,375	2.0	2.0	2.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,790	1,305	1,490	2.1	2.0	2.3
2011 to 2015	1,760	865	895	1.4	1.3	1.4
2016 to 2021	1,030	440	595	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	560	290	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,730	4,285	4,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,040	535	505	11.9	12.5	11.3
5 to 14 years	1,505	745	755	17.2	17.4	17.0
15 to 24 years	1,270	560	710	14.5	13.1	16.0
25 to 44 years	4,445	2,175	2,275	50.9	50.8	51.1
45 years and over	470	260	210	5.4	6.1	4.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,730	4,285	4,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,940	870	1,070	22.2	20.3	24.0
Brazil	150	70	85	1.7	1.6	1.9
Colombia	320	135	185	3.7	3.2	4.2
El Salvador	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	305	160	145	3.5	3.7	3.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	135	30	105	1.5	0.7	2.4
Peru	175	90	80	2.0	2.1	1.8
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United States of America	245	90	150	2.8	2.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	555	260	295	6.4	6.1	6.6
Europe	3,500	1,795	1,700	40.1	41.9	38.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
France	1,710	925	785	19.6	21.6	17.6
Germany	100	45	55	1.1	1.1	1.2
Greece	30	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	130	85	40	1.5	2.0	0.9
Netherlands	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Poland	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Portugal	125	60	70	1.4	1.4	1.6
Romania	280	125	155	3.2	2.9	3.5
Russian Federation	95	40	50	1.1	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	20	55	0.8	0.5	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	65	50	1.3	1.5	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	735	380	360	8.4	8.9	8.1
Africa	2,020	1,025	995	23.1	23.9	22.4
Algeria	370	180	190	4.2	4.2	4.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	50	35	1.0	1.2	0.8
Egypt	105	75	35	1.2	1.8	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	450	225	225	5.2	5.3	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	985	480	505	11.3	11.2	11.3
Asia	1,260	580	680	14.4	13.5	15.3
Afghanistan	260	135	125	3.0	3.2	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	80	45	30	0.9	1.1	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	80	35	40	0.9	0.8	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.4
Turkey	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	280	105	170	3.2	2.5	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	125	55	70	1.4	1.3	1.6
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	70	50	20	0.8	1.2	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	185	75	110	2.1	1.8	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,035	440	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	100	135	22.7	22.7	22.7
Brazil	40	25	20	3.9	5.7	3.4
Colombia	50	20	30	4.8	4.5	5.0
Haiti	25	10	15	2.4	2.3	2.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.7
United States of America	45	10	35	4.3	2.3	5.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	20	2.4	0.0	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	35	25	10	3.4	5.7	1.7
Europe	435	170	265	42.0	38.6	44.5
France	245	110	135	23.7	25.0	22.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	1.9	0.0	3.4
Ukraine	20	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.0	2.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	145	50	95	14.0	11.4	16.0
Africa	190	90	105	18.4	20.5	17.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	20	15	3.4	4.5	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	20	20	3.9	4.5	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	40	15	25	3.9	3.4	4.2
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	5.3	6.8	4.2
Asia	165	80	85	15.9	18.2	14.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	20	4.3	5.7	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	15	2.9	3.4	2.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	10	15	2.4	2.3	2.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	1.4	2.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,955	4,860	5,090	7.7	7.6	7.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,070	4,650	4,425	7.0	7.3	6.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	110,760	54,595	56,165	85.3	85.2	85.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,290	3,500	3,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,645	2,335	2,310	63.7	66.7	61.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,165	1,315	855	29.7	37.6	22.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,480	1,020	1,460	34.0	29.1	38.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,770	730	1,035	24.3	20.9	27.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	825	420	410	11.3	12.0	10.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	20	25	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,290	3,500	3,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	375	175	205	5.1	5.0	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	805	390	425	11.0	11.1	11.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265	110	155	3.6	3.1	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	390	230	160	5.3	6.6	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	20	45	0.8	0.6	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,390	2,590	2,800	73.9	74.0	74.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,785	64,105	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,715	3,675	4,040	5.9	5.7	6.2
South Asian	295	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	790	320	475	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	2,570	1,240	1,335	2.0	1.9	2.0
Filipino	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,230	590	640	0.9	0.9	1.0
Latin American	1,350	635	715	1.0	1.0	1.1
Southeast Asian	510	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	490	265	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	190	100	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	122,065	60,430	61,640	94.1	94.3	93.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,785	64,110	65,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	43,735	21,565	22,175	33.7	33.6	33.8
English	2,515	1,265	1,250	1.9	2.0	1.9
Irish	7,805	3,880	3,930	6.0	6.1	6.0
Scottish	2,995	1,510	1,490	2.3	2.4	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	38,735	19,325	19,410	29.8	30.1	29.6
German	2,030	1,010	1,020	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese	895	365	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italian	3,945	2,020	1,925	3.0	3.2	2.9
Indian (India)	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	495	290	205	0.4	0.5	0.3
Dutch	310	165	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Polish	795	400	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Québécois	17,310	8,640	8,675	13.3	13.5	13.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	375	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	10,860	5,270	5,590	8.4	8.2	8.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,750	1,375	1,375	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,180	1,020	1,160	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	475	245	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795	830	970	1.4	1.3	1.5
Russian	350	150	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	875	395	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
American	790	390	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	1,325	610	715	1.0	1.0	1.1
Swedish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	300	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,275	550	725	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistani	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	605	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	320	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	610	270	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Greek	400	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	540	285	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	300	160	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	925	460	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	460	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belgian	1,400	725	670	1.1	1.1	1.0
Haitian	880	410	475	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	490	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	285	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195	95	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	465	190	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	490	280	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Czech	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	395	225	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	50	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	355	135	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	305	165	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	80	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	400	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	400	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	210	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	360	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,785	64,105	65,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	84,430	40,715	43,710	65.1	63.5	66.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,525	3,185	3,345	5.0	5.0	5.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	300	115	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baptist	305	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catholic	74,245	35,760	38,480	57.2	55.8	58.6
Christian Orthodox	950	475	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	300	120	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	185	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,015	505	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,305	1,180	1,125	1.8	1.8	1.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	42,360	21,865	20,500	32.6	34.1	31.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,360	63,345	65,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	115,445	57,175	58,275	89.9	90.3	89.6
Movers	12,915	6,175	6,740	10.1	9.7	10.4
Non-migrants	3,840	1,800	2,035	3.0	2.8	3.1
Migrants	9,075	4,375	4,705	7.1	6.9	7.2
Internal migrants	8,865	4,270	4,590	6.9	6.7	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	8,730	4,195	4,535	6.8	6.6	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	122,560	60,215	62,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,590	38,050	38,535	62.5	63.2	61.8
Movers	45,970	22,165	23,810	37.5	36.8	38.2
Non-migrants	9,785	4,710	5,075	8.0	7.8	8.1
Migrants	36,185	17,450	18,730	29.5	29.0	30.0
Internal migrants	34,930	16,885	18,045	28.5	28.0	28.9
Intraprovincial migrants	34,280	16,525	17,760	28.0	27.4	28.5
Interprovincial migrants	650	365	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
External migrants	1,255	570	685	1.0	0.9	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,255	51,090	53,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,325	9,130	7,195	15.7	17.9	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	87,935	41,965	45,970	84.3	82.1	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,730	34,045	35,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,855	4,220	2,635	9.8	12.4	7.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,875	29,825	33,050	90.2	87.6	92.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,255	51,095	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,090	7,570	6,520	13.5	14.8	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,640	10,775	10,870	20.8	21.1	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,520	32,745	35,775	65.7	64.1	67.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,360	21,360	20,995	40.6	41.8	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,225	10,075	6,150	15.6	19.7	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,375	5,970	5,400	10.9	11.7	10.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,855	4,105	750	4.7	8.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,305	9,305	12,000	20.4	18.2	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,825	1,975	2,845	4.6	3.9	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,165	11,385	14,775	25.1	22.3	27.8
Bachelor's degree	17,265	7,430	9,835	16.6	14.5	18.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,535	1,030	1,505	2.4	2.0	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	615	245	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	5,215	2,400	2,805	5.0	4.7	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540	275	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,735	34,045	35,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,260	3,125	2,140	7.5	9.2	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,985	5,770	5,210	15.8	16.9	14.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,485	25,150	28,335	76.7	73.9	79.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,930	16,225	15,700	45.8	47.7	44.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,625	7,795	4,830	18.1	22.9	13.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,775	4,515	4,260	12.6	13.3	11.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,850	3,280	565	5.5	9.6	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,705	6,970	8,735	22.5	20.5	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,600	1,455	2,140	5.2	4.3	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,560	8,930	12,630	30.9	26.2	35.4
Bachelor's degree	14,165	5,895	8,270	20.3	17.3	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,035	770	1,260	2.9	2.3	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	485	165	325	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	4,440	1,905	2,530	6.4	5.6	7.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	195	245	0.6	0.6	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,250	51,090	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,735	18,345	17,390	34.3	35.9	32.7
Education	5,195	1,120	4,070	5.0	2.2	7.7
13. Education	5,195	1,120	4,070	5.0	2.2	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,890	1,200	1,690	2.8	2.3	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	500	320	180	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,385	875	1,515	2.3	1.7	2.8
Humanities	3,325	1,275	2,050	3.2	2.5	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	435	80	355	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,895	770	1,125	1.8	1.5	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	370	95	280	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,295	1,840	4,460	6.0	3.6	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,070	300	770	1.0	0.6	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	110	1,245	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,155	400	750	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	35	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	965	170	790	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,535	805	730	1.5	1.6	1.4
Business, management and public administration	17,175	6,625	10,550	16.5	13.0	19.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	850	140	715	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,320	6,490	9,830	15.7	12.7	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,005	1,070	930	1.9	2.1	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715	280	440	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	270	105	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	540	400	135	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,970	2,015	955	2.8	3.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,515	1,850	665	2.4	3.6	1.3
25. Library science	200	15	185	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,955	12,680	1,280	13.4	24.8	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	525	280	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	2,860	2,430	430	2.7	4.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,685	2,390	290	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,570	3,440	125	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,595	2,535	60	2.5	5.0	0.1
48. Precision production	1,715	1,595	120	1.6	3.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,525	740	785	1.5	1.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	610	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	8,075	1,370	6,705	7.7	2.7	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	300	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,355	1,025	6,325	7.1	2.0	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,100	2,810	2,290	4.9	5.5	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,195	500	1,695	2.1	1.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,740	1,320	415	1.7	2.6	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,135	970	170	1.1	1.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,730	34,045	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,245	8,895	7,350	23.3	26.1	20.6
Education	3,810	740	3,065	5.5	2.2	8.6
13. Education	3,810	740	3,065	5.5	2.2	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,305	910	1,395	3.3	2.7	3.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	410	255	150	0.6	0.7	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,895	650	1,240	2.7	1.9	3.5
Humanities	2,110	755	1,355	3.0	2.2	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	345	55	295	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,120	465	660	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	240	45	195	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,125	1,370	3,755	7.3	4.0	10.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	895	230	665	1.3	0.7	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,125	80	1,045	1.6	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	950	305	645	1.4	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	780	115	665	1.1	0.3	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,195	595	595	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	13,575	5,045	8,530	19.5	14.8	23.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	670	105	565	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,900	4,940	7,960	18.5	14.5	22.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,295	655	640	1.9	1.9	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	595	205	390	0.9	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	95	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	395	280	115	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,530	1,755	775	3.6	5.2	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,185	1,635	550	3.1	4.8	1.5
25. Library science	160	15	145	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,190	10,035	1,155	16.0	29.5	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	415	205	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	2,455	2,035	420	3.5	6.0	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,075	1,840	240	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,850	2,735	120	4.1	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,020	1,965	55	2.9	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,360	1,255	105	2.0	3.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,235	535	695	1.8	1.6	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,025	450	575	1.5	1.3	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	6,160	1,050	5,110	8.8	3.1	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	235	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,565	785	4,780	8.0	2.3	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,150	2,300	1,860	6.0	6.8	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,730	390	1,335	2.5	1.1	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,495	1,115	380	2.1	3.3	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	915	780	135	1.3	2.3	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,730	34,045	35,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,245	8,895	7,350	23.3	26.1	20.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	53,490	25,150	28,335	76.7	73.9	79.4
Location of study inside Canada	50,340	23,620	26,720	72.2	69.4	74.9
Same as province or territory of residence	49,470	23,150	26,320	70.9	68.0	73.7
Different than province or territory of residence	870	470	395	1.2	1.4	1.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,150	1,530	1,615	4.5	4.5	4.5
Americas	735	325	405	1.1	1.0	1.1
United States of America	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mexico	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,625	850	775	2.3	2.5	2.2
Belgium	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	995	540	455	1.4	1.6	1.3
Germany	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	105	45	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian Federation	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	495	250	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	155	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	255	80	180	0.4	0.2	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,255	51,095	53,165	...	...	...
In the labour force	73,635	37,670	35,970	...	...	...
Employed	70,055	35,780	34,275	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,585	1,890	1,695	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,615	13,420	17,195	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.6	73.7	67.7	70.6	73.7	67.7
Employment rate	67.2	70.0	64.5	67.2	70.0	64.5
Unemployment rate	4.9	5.0	4.7	4.9	5.0	4.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,250	51,090	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,315	12,670	16,640	28.1	24.8	31.3
Worked	74,940	38,420	36,520	71.9	75.2	68.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,725	23,200	19,525	41.0	45.4	36.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,220	15,215	16,995	30.9	29.8	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	73,640	37,670	35,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	350	485	1.1	0.9	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	72,805	37,320	35,485	98.9	99.1	98.7
Employee	63,250	31,675	31,580	85.9	84.1	87.8
Permanent position	54,585	27,695	26,895	74.1	73.5	74.8
Temporary position	8,670	3,985	4,690	11.8	10.6	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,630	1,000	1,630	3.6	2.7	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,040	2,985	3,055	8.2	7.9	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,550	5,645	3,910	13.0	15.0	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	73,640	37,670	35,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	350	485	1.1	0.9	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	72,805	37,320	35,485	98.9	99.1	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,140	1,600	540	2.9	4.2	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,670	4,845	9,825	19.9	12.9	27.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,645	5,135	1,505	9.0	13.6	4.2
3 Health occupations	5,790	900	4,890	7.9	2.4	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,660	2,930	6,735	13.1	7.8	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,480	1,205	1,275	3.4	3.2	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	16,390	7,620	8,770	22.3	20.2	24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,600	10,575	1,020	15.8	28.1	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,045	795	250	1.4	2.1	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,385	1,705	680	3.2	4.5	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	73,640	37,670	35,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	835	350	485	1.1	0.9	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	72,805	37,320	35,485	98.9	99.1	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	890	585	300	1.2	1.6	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	130	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	970	645	325	1.3	1.7	0.9
23 Construction	6,170	5,170	1,005	8.4	13.7	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	7,300	4,995	2,305	9.9	13.3	6.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,625	1,765	860	3.6	4.7	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	8,755	4,360	4,400	11.9	11.6	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,010	2,205	810	4.1	5.9	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	2,005	1,230	780	2.7	3.3	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	3,925	1,780	2,135	5.3	4.7	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,090	520	575	1.5	1.4	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,430	3,590	2,840	8.7	9.5	7.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,145	1,300	845	2.9	3.5	2.3
61 Educational services	5,635	1,535	4,095	7.7	4.1	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,220	1,510	7,705	12.5	4.0	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,215	655	555	1.6	1.7	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	3,210	1,500	1,710	4.4	4.0	4.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,115	1,385	1,725	4.2	3.7	4.8
91 Public administration	4,800	2,395	2,405	6.5	6.4	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	78,315	40,005	38,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,855	1,085	770	2.4	2.7	2.0
French	55,965	27,515	28,450	71.5	68.8	74.2
Non-official language	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	19,920	11,085	8,835	25.4	27.7	23.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	90	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	395	205	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	78,315	40,005	38,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,460	38,410	37,050	96.4	96.0	96.7
Official languages	75,360	38,360	36,995	96.2	95.9	96.5
English	4,970	2,935	2,035	6.3	7.3	5.3
French	70,385	35,425	34,960	89.9	88.6	91.2
Non-official languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,590	1,265	3.7	4.0	3.3
English and French	2,790	1,560	1,235	3.6	3.9	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	78,315	40,005	38,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,620	30,150	30,470	77.4	75.4	79.5
English	14,215	7,800	6,410	18.2	19.5	16.7
French	3,050	1,810	1,245	3.9	4.5	3.2
Non-official language	150	100	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	150	100	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,060	35,780	34,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	17,110	8,065	9,045	24.4	22.5	26.4
Worked outside Canada	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,560	5,860	1,695	10.8	16.4	4.9
Usual place of work	45,300	21,785	23,510	64.7	60.9	68.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	45,300	21,785	23,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,810	3,815	4,995	19.4	17.5	21.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,085	3,100	3,975	15.6	14.2	16.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	29,320	14,805	14,515	64.7	68.0	61.7
Commute to a different province or territory	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	52,860	27,650	25,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	47,285	25,105	22,180	89.5	90.8	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,975	24,050	20,930	85.1	87.0	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,310	1,050	1,250	4.4	3.8	5.0
Public transit	2,325	1,080	1,240	4.4	3.9	4.9
Walked	2,010	825	1,190	3.8	3.0	4.7
Bicycle	500	310	185	0.9	1.1	0.7
Other method	745	335	405	1.4	1.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	52,860	27,650	25,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,490	5,515	6,970	23.6	19.9	27.6
15 to 29 minutes	18,050	9,165	8,885	34.1	33.1	35.2
30 to 44 minutes	13,745	7,830	5,915	26.0	28.3	23.5
45 to 59 minutes	5,090	3,145	1,950	9.6	11.4	7.7
60 minutes and over	3,490	2,000	1,490	6.6	7.2	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	52,860	27,650	25,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,015	4,140	880	9.5	15.0	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,165	6,465	3,700	19.2	23.4	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,795	7,200	8,600	29.9	26.0	34.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,085	3,870	6,215	19.1	14.0	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,795	1,915	2,875	9.1	6.9	11.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,010	4,070	2,940	13.3	14.7	11.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,795	15,635	15,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,750	1,920	1,830	12.2	12.3	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,045	13,720	13,325	87.8	87.8	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,905	11,550	11,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,780	1,415	1,355	12.1	12.3	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,995	1,030	965	8.7	8.9	8.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	780	390	390	3.4	3.4	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,125	10,130	9,995	87.9	87.7	88.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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