Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La Vallée-de-l'Or, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	43,347	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	43,226	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.3	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,944	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	19,648	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	24,094.84	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	43,345	22,055	21,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,690	3,935	3,755	17.7	17.8	17.6
0 to 4 years	2,550	1,310	1,235	5.9	5.9	5.8
5 to 9 years	2,520	1,230	1,285	5.8	5.6	6.0
10 to 14 years	2,625	1,390	1,230	6.1	6.3	5.8
15 to 64 years	27,165	14,035	13,135	62.7	63.6	61.7
15 to 19 years	2,170	1,145	1,025	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	2,205	1,175	1,040	5.1	5.3	4.9
25 to 29 years	2,635	1,320	1,320	6.1	6.0	6.2
30 to 34 years	2,785	1,445	1,340	6.4	6.6	6.3
35 to 39 years	2,620	1,390	1,225	6.0	6.3	5.8
40 to 44 years	2,615	1,325	1,290	6.0	6.0	6.1
45 to 49 years	2,505	1,305	1,200	5.8	5.9	5.6
50 to 54 years	2,580	1,270	1,305	6.0	5.8	6.1
55 to 59 years	3,465	1,815	1,655	8.0	8.2	7.8
60 to 64 years	3,580	1,845	1,740	8.3	8.4	8.2
65 years and over	8,495	4,090	4,405	19.6	18.5	20.7
65 to 69 years	2,880	1,455	1,430	6.6	6.6	6.7
70 to 74 years	2,255	1,160	1,100	5.2	5.3	5.2
75 to 79 years	1,540	720	820	3.6	3.3	3.9
80 to 84 years	950	435	520	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	865	330	535	2.0	1.5	2.5
85 to 89 years	570	240	335	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	235	75	160	0.5	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	17.8	17.6	17.7	17.8	17.6
15 to 64 years	62.7	63.6	61.7	62.7	63.6	61.7
65 years and over	19.6	18.5	20.7	19.6	18.5	20.7
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	42.2	41.6	42.7	42.2	41.6	42.7
Median age of the population	42.8	42.4	43.6	42.8	42.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,755	...	...	54.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	775	...	...	3.9	...	...
Row house	370	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,020	...	...	10.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,095	...	...	25.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	315	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	19,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,215	...	...	36.7	...	...
2 persons	6,960	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	2,335	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	1,940	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,195	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,660	18,120	17,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	20,795	10,415	10,380	58.3	57.5	59.2
Married	9,270	4,675	4,595	26.0	25.8	26.2
Living common-law	11,520	5,745	5,780	32.3	31.7	33.0
Living common law - Never married	9,725	4,860	4,870	27.3	26.8	27.8
Living common law - Separated	120	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,465	735	730	4.1	4.1	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	205	80	130	0.6	0.4	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	14,865	7,705	7,165	41.7	42.5	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	10,195	5,935	4,260	28.6	32.8	24.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	505	255	250	1.4	1.4	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,095	990	1,110	5.9	5.5	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,070	530	1,545	5.8	2.9	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,970	...	...	57.7	...	...
3 persons	2,240	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	1,890	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	980	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,250	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	4,490	...	...	37.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,485	...	...	12.3	...	...
Without children	3,005	...	...	24.9	...	...
Common-law couples	5,760	...	...	47.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,900	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	2,865	...	...	23.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,835	...	...	15.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,235	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	595	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	33,540	16,805	16,730	78.9	77.3	80.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,500	10,230	10,270	48.2	47.1	49.4
Parents in one-parent families	1,835	595	1,235	4.3	2.7	5.9
Children⁶	11,205	5,980	5,225	26.3	27.5	25.1
In a two-parent family	8,330	4,445	3,885	19.6	20.5	18.7
In a one-parent family	2,875	1,530	1,340	6.8	7.0	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,990	4,925	4,065	21.1	22.7	19.5
Living alone	7,210	3,935	3,275	17.0	18.1	15.7
Living with other relatives⁷	860	440	420	2.0	2.0	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	915	545	365	2.2	2.5	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	19,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,315	...	...	57.6	...	...
Couple-family households	9,745	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	4,150	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	5,595	...	...	28.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,575	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	180	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	405	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	495	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	7,215	...	...	36.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	34,845	17,795	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,185	17,475	16,710	98.1	98.2	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,800	36,000	43,200	52,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,190	17,480	16,715	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	32,400	38,000	45,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,205	15,850	14,350	86.7	89.1	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	48,400	27,600	36,800	48,400	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,975	13,435	11,535	71.7	75.5	67.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	54,400	31,600	42,000	54,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,515	13,105	14,410	79.0	73.6	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	10,500	12,000	11,400	10,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,340	2,190	2,145	12.5	12.3	12.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,880	5,600	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,175	5,575	4,600	29.2	31.3	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	34,840	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,245	17,495	16,750	98.3	98.3	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	66,900	42,160	54,800	66,900	42,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,245	17,495	16,745	98.3	98.3	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	52,350	36,160	44,440	52,350	36,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,205	15,850	14,355	86.7	89.0	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	63,500	35,920	50,400	63,500	35,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,975	13,345	11,635	71.7	75.0	68.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,700	66,700	38,720	53,700	66,700	38,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,360	13,050	14,310	78.5	73.3	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,980	12,620	13,320	12,980	12,620	13,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,210	2,155	2,050	12.1	12.1	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,025	8,440	7,200	6,025	8,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,880	5,380	4,495	28.4	30.2	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,220	6,680	7,880	7,220	6,680	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	34,845	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,975	6,700	5,275	34.4	37.6	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	73,500	50,000	62,800	73,500	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,800	89,600	58,200	75,800	89,600	58,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,260	5,275	4,985	29.4	29.6	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	34,800	18,000	24,000	34,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,600	49,480	25,020	37,600	49,480	25,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	86.0	73.0	81.0	86.0	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.4	76.0	63.8	71.4	76.0	63.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	14.0	27.0	18.9	14.0	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.1	2.5	1.6	1.1	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.5	6.1	4.4	3.5	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.1	5.0	3.8	3.1	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	34,845	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	660	320	335	1.9	1.8	2.0
With total income	34,185	17,480	16,710	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,220	885	1,340	6.5	5.1	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,015	1,520	2,495	11.7	8.7	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,405	2,315	3,085	15.8	13.2	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,185	1,700	2,480	12.2	9.7	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,995	1,780	2,210	11.7	10.2	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,385	1,765	1,620	9.9	10.1	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,580	1,495	1,080	7.5	8.6	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,820	1,170	650	5.3	6.7	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	870	620	4.3	5.0	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	700	360	3.1	4.0	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,045	3,270	775	11.8	18.7	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	2,970	2,360	605	8.7	13.5	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,070	910	165	3.1	5.2	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	34,845	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	650	320	330	1.9	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	34,195	17,480	16,710	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,335	925	1,410	6.8	5.3	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	4,215	1,615	2,610	12.3	9.2	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,260	2,665	3,600	18.3	15.2	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,310	2,295	3,015	15.5	13.1	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,910	2,525	2,380	14.4	14.4	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,575	2,135	1,445	10.5	12.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,285	1,365	920	6.7	7.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,710	1,105	610	5.0	6.3	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,255	940	315	3.7	5.4	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	855	680	175	2.5	3.9	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,475	1,245	230	4.3	7.1	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	885	760	125	2.6	4.3	0.7
$125,000 and over	585	485	105	1.7	2.8	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	34,845	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,870	4,360	5,510	28.3	24.5	32.3
With employment income	24,970	13,440	11,535	71.7	75.5	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,580	1,235	1,345	10.3	9.2	11.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,895	795	1,095	7.6	5.9	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,805	1,120	1,685	11.2	8.3	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,375	960	1,420	9.5	7.1	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,425	1,040	1,385	9.7	7.7	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,390	1,080	1,310	9.6	8.0	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	1,195	890	8.3	8.9	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,735	1,090	650	6.9	8.1	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,235	815	420	4.9	6.1	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,185	645	540	4.7	4.8	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	835	605	225	3.3	4.5	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,440	2,865	580	13.8	21.3	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,565	1,235	330	6.3	9.2	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,875	1,625	245	7.5	12.1	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	34,845	17,795	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,800	17,285	16,515	97.0	97.1	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	52,000	32,400	40,800	52,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,805	17,280	16,525	97.0	97.1	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	29,400	36,000	44,000	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,075	15,785	14,295	86.3	88.7	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	51,200	28,600	37,600	51,200	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,430	13,660	11,770	73.0	76.8	69.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	55,200	31,600	41,600	55,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,430	11,180	13,245	70.1	62.8	77.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,500	9,200	8,900	8,500	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,330	2,235	2,095	12.4	12.6	12.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,920	5,200	5,040	4,920	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	34,840	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,810	17,315	16,495	97.0	97.3	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,000	66,200	39,160	53,000	66,200	39,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,825	17,320	16,505	97.1	97.3	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,560	51,200	33,520	42,560	51,200	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,015	15,755	14,265	86.2	88.5	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,160	65,300	35,520	51,160	65,300	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,340	13,565	11,780	72.7	76.2	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,900	67,700	37,960	53,900	67,700	37,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,345	11,050	13,290	69.9	62.1	78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,520	10,580	10,460	10,520	10,580	10,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,130	2,035	2,095	11.9	11.4	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,340	7,650	7,000	6,340	7,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	34,845	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,975	6,705	5,270	34.4	37.7	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	73,000	46,800	59,600	73,000	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,200	88,400	53,850	73,200	88,400	53,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,770	5,075	4,695	28.0	28.5	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	42,400	22,600	29,400	42,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,920	55,900	28,840	42,920	55,900	28,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.8	78.4	85.8	89.8	78.4
Employment income (%)	76.2	80.2	69.2	76.2	80.2	69.2
Government transfers (%)	14.3	10.2	21.5	14.3	10.2	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.1	2.5	1.6	1.1	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	19,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	19,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,350	...	...	51,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,040	...	...	42,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,100	...	...	121,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	19,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	430	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,320	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	815	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	680	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	970	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	885	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	830	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,550	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,345	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,210	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,070	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	925	...	...	4.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,090	...	...	36.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,020	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,605	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,955	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,515	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	19,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	280	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,410	...	...	7.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	965	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	910	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,125	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,090	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,000	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,790	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,505	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,345	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,265	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,105	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,145	...	...	26.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,375	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,690	...	...	8.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,130	4,480	3,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	45,200	32,400	38,400	45,200	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	38,800	30,000	34,400	38,800	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...	121,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,130	4,660	3,470	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400	58,700	39,240	50,400	58,700	39,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	46,720	34,240	41,400	46,720	34,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	42,530	21,735	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,070	4,665	4,405	21.3	21.5	21.2
0 to 5 years	3,070	1,575	1,495	7.2	7.2	7.2
18 to 64 years	25,665	13,235	12,430	60.3	60.9	59.8
65 years and over	7,795	3,830	3,965	18.3	17.6	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,330	2,450	2,880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,040	525	515	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	360	160	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,345	1,130	1,225	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,945	805	1,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.5	11.3	13.9	12.5	11.3	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.2	11.7	11.5	11.2	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	10.3	13.0	11.6	10.3	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.5	9.8	9.2	8.5	9.8
65 years and over (%)	25.0	20.9	28.9	25.0	20.9	28.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	40,995	20,980	20,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,415	4,345	4,065	20.5	20.7	20.3
0 to 5 years	2,855	1,470	1,385	7.0	7.0	6.9
18 to 64 years	24,825	12,820	12,005	60.6	61.1	60.0
65 years and over	7,755	3,815	3,945	18.9	18.2	19.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,135	590	545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	190	105	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	30	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	845	445	400	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	45	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	42,530	21,735	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	22,230	10,930	11,295	52.3	50.3	54.3
In bottom decile	4,280	2,000	2,280	10.1	9.2	11.0
In second decile	4,810	2,235	2,575	11.3	10.3	12.4
In third decile	4,155	2,045	2,110	9.8	9.4	10.1
In fourth decile	4,455	2,270	2,190	10.5	10.4	10.5
In fifth decile	4,520	2,375	2,145	10.6	10.9	10.3
In top half of the distribution	20,305	10,805	9,500	47.7	49.7	45.7
In sixth decile	4,435	2,365	2,070	10.4	10.9	10.0
In seventh decile	4,245	2,215	2,035	10.0	10.2	9.8
In eighth decile	4,295	2,260	2,035	10.1	10.4	9.8
In ninth decile	4,010	2,165	1,850	9.4	10.0	8.9
In top decile	3,315	1,800	1,520	7.8	8.3	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	42,530	...	...	42,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	42,960	21,915	21,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	370	185	180	0.9	0.8	0.9
French only	28,325	13,710	14,620	65.9	62.6	69.5
English and French	14,220	8,000	6,220	33.1	36.5	29.6
Neither English nor French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	42,960	21,915	21,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,420	735	690	3.3	3.4	3.3
French	41,210	21,020	20,195	95.9	95.9	96.0
English and French	285	140	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	42,960	21,915	21,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,185	21,480	20,705	98.2	98.0	98.4
Official languages	40,975	20,860	20,115	95.4	95.2	95.6
English	1,090	550	540	2.5	2.5	2.6
French	39,890	20,305	19,580	92.9	92.7	93.0
Non-official languages	1,210	620	585	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	535	255	275	1.2	1.2	1.3
Algonquian languages	530	255	275	1.2	1.2	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	110	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	420	210	210	1.0	1.0	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	415	210	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	675	370	310	1.6	1.7	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	105	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	95	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	95	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	265	135	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	75	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	775	435	345	1.8	2.0	1.6
English and French	440	250	195	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	215	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	42,960	21,915	21,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	665	350	315	1.5	1.6	1.5
French	39,085	19,870	19,215	91.0	90.7	91.3
Non-official language	210	100	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	125	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,730	930	800	4.0	4.2	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	810	425	385	1.9	1.9	1.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	300	150	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	42,960	21,915	21,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,210	21,525	20,685	98.3	98.2	98.3
Official languages	41,755	21,285	20,470	97.2	97.1	97.3
English	970	500	475	2.3	2.3	2.3
French	40,785	20,785	20,000	94.9	94.8	95.0
Non-official languages	455	240	215	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	180	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	180	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	150	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	30	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	750	385	360	1.7	1.8	1.7
English and French	435	225	210	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	205	110	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	42,955	21,915	21,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,615	20,665	19,955	94.6	94.3	94.8
English	1,200	660	540	2.8	3.0	2.6
French	385	200	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	545	275	270	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	325	150	170	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-Indigenous	220	125	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	42,485	21,710	20,775	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	14,520	8,080	6,445	34.1	37.2	31.0
French	42,120	21,515	20,605	99.0	99.0	99.1
Non-official languages	2,735	1,400	1,340	6.4	6.4	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,130	520	605	2.7	2.4	2.9
Algonquian languages	1,130	520	605	2.7	2.4	2.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	270	105	160	0.6	0.5	0.8
Atikamekw	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	205	75	125	0.5	0.3	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	135	55	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	910	440	470	2.1	2.0	2.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	880	425	455	2.1	2.0	2.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,620	880	740	3.8	4.0	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	175	105	0.7	0.8	0.5
Berber languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	265	165	105	0.6	0.8	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	165	105	0.6	0.8	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	880	445	440	2.1	2.0	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	735	370	370	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	685	335	355	1.6	1.5	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	245	140	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wolof	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,700	1,835	1,860	8.7	8.4	8.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,600	1,800	1,805	8.5	8.3	8.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,805	1,340	1,460	6.6	6.2	7.0
Métis	790	445	345	1.9	2.0	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	38,830	19,895	18,935	91.3	91.6	91.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,745	1,330	1,420	6.5	6.1	6.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	39,785	20,400	19,375	93.5	93.9	93.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,110	...	...	61.6	...	...
Renter	7,185	...	...	36.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	350	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,605	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not condominium	18,045	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	2,790	...	...	14.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,720	...	...	29.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,625	...	...	33.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,375	...	...	22.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,195	...	...	31.5	...	...
5 rooms	3,805	...	...	19.4	...	...
6 rooms	2,350	...	...	12.0	...	...
7 rooms	2,250	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,045	...	...	25.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	19,540	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	110	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	19,240	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	410	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,745	...	...	24.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,360	...	...	32.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,350	...	...	17.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,060	...	...	10.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	445	...	...	2.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	890	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,110	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	685	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,125	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,520	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,630	...	...	59.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,725	...	...	39.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	295	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	19,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	785	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,985	...	...	15.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,135	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,035	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,420	...	...	22.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,365	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,500	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	430	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,925	...	...	88.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,255	...	...	11.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,045	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	19,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,925	...	...	20.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,105	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not suitable only	305	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,265	...	...	6.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,720	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	520	...	...	2.7	...	...
Not in core need	18,460	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.3	...	...	59.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	275,600	...	...	275,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,155	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	685	...	...	685	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	751	...	...	751	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	350	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	528	...	...	528	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	42,530	21,735	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,565	1,740	1,820	8.4	8.0	8.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,510	1,715	1,795	8.3	7.9	8.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,200	1,565	1,630	7.5	7.2	7.8
Métis single ancestry	310	145	160	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,655	785	870	3.9	3.6	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,620	775	845	3.8	3.6	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,395	665	730	3.3	3.1	3.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	100	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	37,310	19,205	18,105	87.7	88.4	87.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	42,530	21,735	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	41,860	21,375	20,490	98.4	98.3	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,950	4,580	4,375	21.0	21.1	21.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	32,915	16,790	16,120	77.4	77.2	77.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	665	360	305	1.6	1.7	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	42,530	21,735	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	41,365	21,090	20,275	97.3	97.0	97.5
Immigrants⁸¹	855	435	420	2.0	2.0	2.0
Before 1980	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
1980 to 1990	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
2001 to 2010	145	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	500	235	260	1.2	1.1	1.3
2011 to 2015	245	120	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	250	115	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	310	205	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	855	435	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	95	55	40	11.1	12.6	9.6
5 to 14 years	135	50	90	15.8	11.5	21.7
15 to 24 years	110	50	55	12.9	11.5	13.3
25 to 44 years	475	265	210	55.6	60.9	50.6
45 years and over	35	15	20	4.1	3.4	4.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	855	435	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	155	65	95	18.1	14.9	22.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	10	20	3.5	2.3	4.8
El Salvador	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	55	35	20	6.4	8.0	4.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.4
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	1.8	2.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Europe	210	125	90	24.6	28.7	21.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	115	65	45	13.5	14.9	10.8
Germany	20	10	15	2.3	2.3	3.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	2.3	3.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	3.5	4.6	2.4
Africa	400	215	185	46.8	49.4	44.6
Algeria	35	15	20	4.1	3.4	4.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	3.5	3.4	3.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	35	15	5.8	8.0	3.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	285	145	135	33.3	33.3	32.5
Asia	85	30	50	9.9	6.9	12.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	20	5.8	5.7	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	250	115	135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	10	0	4.0	8.7	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	4.0	8.7	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	40	25	20	16.0	21.7	14.8
France	30	20	10	12.0	17.4	7.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	180	75	100	72.0	65.2	74.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	10	20	12.0	8.7	14.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	65	30	35	26.0	26.1	25.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	4.0	8.7	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	8.0	8.7	7.4
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	20	18.0	17.4	14.8
Asia	25	10	15	10.0	8.7	11.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,290	710	580	3.0	3.3	2.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,240	605	635	2.9	2.8	3.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	40,000	20,415	19,585	94.1	93.9	94.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	745	375	365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	390	235	155	52.3	62.7	42.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	220	175	45	29.5	46.7	12.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	175	65	110	23.5	17.3	30.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	290	105	180	38.9	28.0	49.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	35	25	8.1	9.3	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	745	375	365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	20	3.4	2.7	5.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	75	50	25	10.1	13.3	6.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	10	15	3.4	2.7	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	25	25	7.4	6.7	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	560	280	280	75.2	74.7	76.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,305	710	600	3.1	3.3	2.9
South Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	695	410	285	1.6	1.9	1.4
Filipino	85	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab	235	130	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	100	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Southeast Asian	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	41,225	21,025	20,200	96.9	96.8	97.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	42,530	21,735	20,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,860	8,590	8,270	39.6	39.5	39.8
English	445	200	245	1.0	0.9	1.2
Irish	1,455	740	715	3.4	3.4	3.4
Scottish	485	255	225	1.1	1.2	1.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,035	4,210	3,820	18.9	19.4	18.4
German	385	190	200	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	395	225	175	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indian (India)	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	85	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dutch	105	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Polish	335	175	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Québécois	5,900	3,005	2,895	13.9	13.8	13.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	100	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Filipino	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	3,975	1,935	2,040	9.3	8.9	9.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,370	735	630	3.2	3.4	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,460	710	750	3.4	3.3	3.6
Métis	610	285	325	1.4	1.3	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	690	360	330	1.6	1.7	1.6
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	275	120	155	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	335	135	200	0.8	0.6	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	125	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	425	185	235	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	305	295	1.4	1.4	1.4
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	400	180	225	0.9	0.8	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	110	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	1,445	735	705	3.4	3.4	3.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	70	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	30	90	0.3	0.1	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	105	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norman	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	705	340	370	1.7	1.6	1.8
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	105	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bamileke	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	42,530	21,730	20,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	30,125	15,210	14,915	70.8	70.0	71.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,715	890	825	4.0	4.1	4.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	75	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baptist	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	27,505	13,885	13,625	64.7	63.9	65.5
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	285	135	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	210	110	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	455	265	190	1.1	1.2	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	240	130	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	11,605	6,060	5,545	27.3	27.9	26.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	42,055	21,465	20,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,865	19,400	18,465	90.0	90.4	89.7
Movers	4,190	2,065	2,125	10.0	9.6	10.3
Non-migrants	2,930	1,470	1,460	7.0	6.8	7.1
Migrants	1,260	595	665	3.0	2.8	3.2
Internal migrants	1,205	565	640	2.9	2.6	3.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,160	540	620	2.8	2.5	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	40,025	20,375	19,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	25,610	13,090	12,520	64.0	64.2	63.7
Movers	14,420	7,290	7,125	36.0	35.8	36.3
Non-migrants	8,490	4,350	4,140	21.2	21.3	21.1
Migrants	5,930	2,945	2,985	14.8	14.5	15.2
Internal migrants	5,480	2,700	2,780	13.7	13.3	14.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,330	2,625	2,710	13.3	12.9	13.8
Interprovincial migrants	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	450	245	200	1.1	1.2	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,845	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,220	6,380	4,840	32.2	35.8	28.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,625	11,420	12,205	67.8	64.2	71.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,675	11,560	11,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,715	3,315	2,395	25.2	28.7	21.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,955	8,240	8,720	74.8	71.3	78.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,840	17,800	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,785	5,325	4,460	28.1	29.9	26.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,360	3,475	3,885	21.1	19.5	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,695	9,005	8,700	50.8	50.6	51.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,285	7,260	6,025	38.1	40.8	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,575	4,860	2,715	21.7	27.3	15.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,790	3,450	2,335	16.6	19.4	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,785	1,410	375	5.1	7.9	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,835	2,110	2,725	13.9	11.9	16.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	880	290	585	2.5	1.6	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,420	1,745	2,675	12.7	9.8	15.7
Bachelor's degree	3,300	1,180	2,125	9.5	6.6	12.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	140	205	1.0	0.8	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	540	305	230	1.5	1.7	1.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125	75	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,675	11,555	11,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,720	2,595	2,120	20.8	22.5	19.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,155	2,045	2,115	18.3	17.7	19.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,800	6,915	6,880	60.9	59.8	61.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,100	5,500	4,600	44.5	47.6	41.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,900	3,750	2,150	26.0	32.5	19.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,565	2,700	1,865	20.1	23.4	16.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,330	1,050	285	5.9	9.1	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,610	1,575	2,035	15.9	13.6	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	590	175	415	2.6	1.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,695	1,420	2,280	16.3	12.3	20.5
Bachelor's degree	2,750	955	1,795	12.1	8.3	16.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	95	170	1.2	0.8	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	485	265	220	2.1	2.3	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,840	17,795	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,145	8,800	8,350	49.2	49.5	49.0
Education	1,445	290	1,155	4.1	1.6	6.8
13. Education	1,445	290	1,155	4.1	1.6	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	125	155	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	250	115	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	635	275	365	1.8	1.5	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	200	280	1.4	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
54. History	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,045	180	865	3.0	1.0	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	25	95	0.3	0.1	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	10	335	1.0	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	185	50	135	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	225	45	175	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	125	55	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Business, management and public administration	3,655	920	2,740	10.5	5.2	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425	65	360	1.2	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,235	860	2,375	9.3	4.8	13.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520	370	150	1.5	2.1	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	300	225	75	0.9	1.3	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	205	160	50	0.6	0.9	0.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	185	160	30	0.5	0.9	0.2
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,575	5,080	495	16.0	28.5	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	535	445	90	1.5	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,710	1,485	220	4.9	8.3	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,045	1,000	50	3.0	5.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,565	1,485	80	4.5	8.3	0.5
48. Precision production	685	650	35	2.0	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	395	185	1.7	2.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	40	110	0.4	0.2	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	425	350	70	1.2	2.0	0.4
Health and related fields	2,125	350	1,775	6.1	2.0	10.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,990	285	1,700	5.7	1.6	10.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,620	850	770	4.6	4.8	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	720	135	590	2.1	0.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	175	100	0.8	1.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	625	540	85	1.8	3.0	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,675	11,560	11,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,875	4,640	4,235	39.1	40.1	38.1
Education	1,050	185	870	4.6	1.6	7.8
13. Education	1,050	185	870	4.6	1.6	7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225	100	130	1.0	0.9	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	200	90	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
Humanities	405	180	225	1.8	1.6	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	285	120	170	1.3	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	835	135	690	3.7	1.2	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	20	70	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	295	10	290	1.3	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	120	30	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	205	40	165	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Business, management and public administration	2,875	625	2,255	12.7	5.4	20.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	60	305	1.6	0.5	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,515	565	1,950	11.1	4.9	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	375	280	90	1.7	2.4	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	270	205	70	1.2	1.8	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	180	135	40	0.8	1.2	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	155	135	20	0.7	1.2	0.2
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,495	4,085	410	19.8	35.3	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	460	380	90	2.0	3.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,365	1,205	160	6.0	10.4	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	790	750	40	3.5	6.5	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,305	1,230	75	5.8	10.6	0.7
48. Precision production	535	500	35	2.4	4.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	310	170	2.1	2.7	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	30	105	0.6	0.3	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	345	280	65	1.5	2.4	0.6
Health and related fields	1,650	260	1,390	7.3	2.2	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,535	205	1,335	6.8	1.8	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,220	615	600	5.4	5.3	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	580	100	480	2.6	0.9	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	195	125	70	0.9	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	395	50	1.9	3.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,675	11,560	11,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,875	4,640	4,235	39.1	40.1	38.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,800	6,920	6,885	60.9	59.9	61.9
Location of study inside Canada	13,325	6,630	6,695	58.8	57.4	60.2
Same as province or territory of residence	12,975	6,435	6,545	57.2	55.7	58.9
Different than province or territory of residence	350	195	150	1.5	1.7	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	480	290	190	2.1	2.5	1.7
Americas	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	130	90	45	0.6	0.8	0.4
Belgium	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	95	65	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	205	120	85	0.9	1.0	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tunisia	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	55	45	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	34,840	17,800	17,045	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,360	11,995	10,370	...	...	...
Employed	21,215	11,295	9,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,150	700	450	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,480	5,805	6,675	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.2	67.4	60.8	64.2	67.4	60.8
Employment rate	60.9	63.5	58.2	60.9	63.5	58.2
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.8	4.3	5.1	5.8	4.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	34,840	17,795	17,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,995	5,480	6,520	34.4	30.8	38.3
Worked	22,850	12,320	10,530	65.6	69.2	61.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,255	6,845	5,410	35.2	38.5	31.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,590	5,475	5,120	30.4	30.8	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.0	41.1	41.6	42.0	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,365	11,995	10,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	310	160	150	1.4	1.3	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,055	11,830	10,220	98.6	98.6	98.6
Employee	20,315	10,850	9,470	90.8	90.5	91.3
Permanent position	17,450	9,535	7,915	78.0	79.5	76.3
Temporary position	2,860	1,315	1,550	12.8	11.0	14.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,010	375	635	4.5	3.1	6.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,855	940	910	8.3	7.8	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,735	980	755	7.8	8.2	7.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,365	11,995	10,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	310	160	150	1.4	1.3	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,055	11,830	10,220	98.6	98.6	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	340	280	65	1.5	2.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,200	820	2,385	14.3	6.8	23.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,415	1,150	265	6.3	9.6	2.6
3 Health occupations	1,640	250	1,390	7.3	2.1	13.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,640	590	2,050	11.8	4.9	19.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	365	210	160	1.6	1.8	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	5,245	1,990	3,250	23.5	16.6	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,735	4,350	385	21.2	36.3	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,640	1,530	115	7.3	12.8	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	830	670	160	3.7	5.6	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,365	11,995	10,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	310	160	150	1.4	1.3	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	22,055	11,830	10,220	98.6	98.6	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	390	285	105	1.7	2.4	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,390	2,880	505	15.2	24.0	4.9
22 Utilities	195	170	25	0.9	1.4	0.2
23 Construction	1,080	950	130	4.8	7.9	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,530	1,230	295	6.8	10.3	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	605	435	175	2.7	3.6	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,515	1,045	1,470	11.2	8.7	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,170	870	305	5.2	7.3	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	330	220	110	1.5	1.8	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	360	110	255	1.6	0.9	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	200	115	90	0.9	1.0	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,140	595	545	5.1	5.0	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	870	510	360	3.9	4.3	3.5
61 Educational services	1,540	315	1,225	6.9	2.6	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	3,075	465	2,615	13.7	3.9	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175	120	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
72 Accommodation and food services	1,315	465	850	5.9	3.9	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,095	550	545	4.9	4.6	5.3
91 Public administration	1,050	495	555	4.7	4.1	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,165	12,940	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	410	260	145	1.7	2.0	1.3
French	19,790	10,525	9,265	81.9	81.3	82.5
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,795	2,085	1,710	15.7	16.1	15.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,165	12,940	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,690	12,685	11,005	98.0	98.0	98.0
Official languages	23,680	12,685	10,995	98.0	98.0	97.9
English	745	465	285	3.1	3.6	2.5
French	22,930	12,215	10,710	94.9	94.4	95.4
Non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	255	225	2.0	2.0	2.0
English and French	455	250	205	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,165	12,940	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,675	11,040	9,635	85.6	85.3	85.8
English	3,035	1,635	1,400	12.6	12.6	12.5
French	325	200	125	1.3	1.5	1.1
Non-official language	80	30	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,215	11,295	9,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,710	725	985	8.1	6.4	9.9
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,410	1,810	600	11.4	16.0	6.1
Usual place of work	17,080	8,745	8,335	80.5	77.4	84.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	17,080	8,745	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,895	6,160	6,735	75.5	70.4	80.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,360	1,330	1,030	13.8	15.2	12.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,715	1,145	570	10.0	13.1	6.8
Commute to a different province or territory	105	105	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,495	10,560	8,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,345	9,400	7,940	89.0	89.0	88.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,355	8,940	7,410	83.9	84.7	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	995	460	535	5.1	4.4	6.0
Public transit	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Walked	1,225	495	735	6.3	4.7	8.2
Bicycle	135	95	40	0.7	0.9	0.4
Other method	710	520	190	3.6	4.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,495	10,560	8,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,610	5,640	5,970	59.6	53.4	66.9
15 to 29 minutes	4,520	2,565	1,955	23.2	24.3	21.9
30 to 44 minutes	1,720	1,065	660	8.8	10.1	7.4
45 to 59 minutes	730	545	180	3.7	5.2	2.0
60 minutes and over	910	745	165	4.7	7.1	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,495	10,560	8,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,215	1,900	320	11.4	18.0	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,910	2,140	775	14.9	20.3	8.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,120	2,930	3,190	31.4	27.7	35.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,105	1,470	2,635	21.1	13.9	29.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,360	455	905	7.0	4.3	10.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,780	1,665	1,120	14.3	15.8	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,205	4,745	4,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,170	610	565	12.7	12.9	12.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,035	4,130	3,905	87.3	87.0	87.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,465	3,340	3,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	840	440	400	13.0	13.2	12.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	440	230	215	6.8	6.9	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	405	220	190	6.3	6.6	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,625	2,900	2,725	87.0	86.8	87.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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