Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La Rivière-du-Nord, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	140,394	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	128,170	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	64,392	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	61,429	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	313.5	...	...	313.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	447.88	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	140,395	69,720	70,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,685	12,735	11,950	17.6	18.3	16.9
0 to 4 years	7,860	4,055	3,805	5.6	5.8	5.4
5 to 9 years	8,490	4,365	4,120	6.0	6.3	5.8
10 to 14 years	8,340	4,310	4,025	5.9	6.2	5.7
15 to 64 years	88,510	44,450	44,055	63.0	63.8	62.3
15 to 19 years	6,840	3,510	3,335	4.9	5.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	6,650	3,355	3,295	4.7	4.8	4.7
25 to 29 years	8,530	4,290	4,235	6.1	6.2	6.0
30 to 34 years	9,255	4,665	4,590	6.6	6.7	6.5
35 to 39 years	9,000	4,485	4,515	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	9,315	4,720	4,590	6.6	6.8	6.5
45 to 49 years	8,580	4,340	4,235	6.1	6.2	6.0
50 to 54 years	8,880	4,470	4,405	6.3	6.4	6.2
55 to 59 years	10,675	5,300	5,375	7.6	7.6	7.6
60 to 64 years	10,790	5,305	5,480	7.7	7.6	7.8
65 years and over	27,200	12,545	14,660	19.4	18.0	20.7
65 to 69 years	8,955	4,240	4,720	6.4	6.1	6.7
70 to 74 years	7,130	3,400	3,730	5.1	4.9	5.3
75 to 79 years	5,235	2,455	2,780	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	3,120	1,405	1,715	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	2,760	1,040	1,715	2.0	1.5	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,785	710	1,075	1.3	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	825	285	540	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.3	16.9	17.6	18.3	16.9
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.8	62.3	63.0	63.8	62.3
65 years and over	19.4	18.0	20.7	19.4	18.0	20.7
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.4	2.0	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	42.1	41.3	43.0	42.1	41.3	43.0
Median age of the population	42.8	42.0	43.6	42.8	42.0	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,755	...	...	55.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,240	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	715	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,615	...	...	10.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,440	...	...	26.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,345	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	260	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	61,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	20,290	...	...	33.0	...	...
2 persons	22,015	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	8,395	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	7,050	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,675	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	137,865	68,605	69,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	115,715	56,990	58,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,860	33,385	33,475	57.8	58.6	57.0
Married	31,195	15,585	15,615	27.0	27.3	26.6
Living common-law	35,665	17,805	17,860	30.8	31.2	30.4
Living common law - Never married	28,625	14,280	14,345	24.7	25.1	24.4
Living common law - Separated	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	5,835	2,985	2,850	5.0	5.2	4.9
Living common law - Widowed	800	350	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	48,855	23,605	25,250	42.2	41.4	43.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,800	17,905	14,895	28.3	31.4	25.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,640	720	915	1.4	1.3	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,580	3,390	5,190	7.4	5.9	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,830	1,585	4,250	5.0	2.8	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	39,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,095	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	7,980	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	6,700	...	...	16.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,950	...	...	7.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	39,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,040	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	15,215	...	...	38.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,735	...	...	14.4	...	...
Without children	9,480	...	...	23.9	...	...
Common-law couples	17,825	...	...	44.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,215	...	...	23.2	...	...
Without children	8,615	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,685	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,725	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,960	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	137,870	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	110,730	55,205	55,525	80.3	80.5	80.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,085	32,980	33,100	47.9	48.1	47.8
Parents in one-parent families	6,690	1,955	4,730	4.9	2.8	6.8
Children⁶	37,960	20,260	17,700	27.5	29.5	25.6
In a two-parent family	27,750	14,680	13,065	20.1	21.4	18.9
In a one-parent family	10,215	5,575	4,640	7.4	8.1	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,135	13,400	13,735	19.7	19.5	19.8
Living alone	20,295	9,800	10,490	14.7	14.3	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,750	1,210	1,545	2.0	1.8	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	4,085	2,390	1,695	3.0	3.5	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	61,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	36,590	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	30,890	...	...	50.3	...	...
With children⁶	14,005	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	16,885	...	...	27.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,700	...	...	9.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	910	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,440	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,985	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	20,295	...	...	33.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,870	54,815	56,060	97.9	98.1	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,000	40,800	46,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110,890	54,820	56,065	97.9	98.1	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,400	36,400	40,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,160	50,205	48,955	87.6	89.8	85.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	26,200	32,800	40,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,780	42,175	38,605	71.3	75.4	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	29,400	35,200	42,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,920	44,500	49,415	82.9	79.6	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,100	13,100	11,800	10,100	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,590	8,890	7,705	14.7	15.9	13.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,400	19,035	16,365	31.3	34.1	28.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,000	8,000	6,360	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,765	54,740	56,020	97.8	97.9	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	54,400	41,680	47,960	54,400	41,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110,785	54,750	56,040	97.8	97.9	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,120	35,960	40,000	44,120	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,225	50,210	49,015	87.6	89.8	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,360	49,000	33,560	41,360	49,000	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,780	42,065	38,715	71.3	75.3	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	48,600	35,760	42,440	48,600	35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,695	44,365	49,335	82.7	79.4	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,880	11,660	13,960	12,880	11,660	13,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,470	8,765	7,705	14.5	15.7	13.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,350	7,460	6,870	6,350	7,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,225	18,910	16,315	31.1	33.8	28.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,180	8,350	7,720	7,180	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,925	20,125	16,800	32.6	36.0	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	60,400	49,200	55,200	60,400	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,200	68,300	54,850	62,200	68,300	54,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,445	16,740	17,710	30.4	29.9	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	27,800	17,200	21,400	27,800	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	35,960	23,400	29,480	35,960	23,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.2	82.6	70.4	77.2	82.6	70.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	68.6	59.3	64.6	68.6	59.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.7	17.4	29.5	22.7	17.4	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.5	2.1	1.9	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.1	7.0	5.9	5.1	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.6	5.8	5.1	4.6	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,365	1,080	1,280	2.1	1.9	2.2
With total income	110,875	54,815	56,055	97.9	98.1	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,645	2,780	3,870	6.0	5.1	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,915	4,995	7,915	11.6	9.1	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	18,910	7,980	10,925	17.1	14.6	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,615	6,915	8,700	14.1	12.6	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,925	7,140	7,780	13.5	13.0	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	11,800	6,095	5,705	10.6	11.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,750	5,065	3,685	7.9	9.2	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,220	3,760	2,465	5.6	6.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	4,870	2,950	1,920	4.4	5.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,250	2,105	1,145	2.9	3.8	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,980	5,030	1,950	6.3	9.2	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	5,335	3,775	1,565	4.8	6.9	2.8
$150,000 and over	1,640	1,260	380	1.5	2.3	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,345	1,080	1,270	2.1	1.9	2.2
With after-tax income	110,885	54,825	56,065	97.9	98.1	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,175	2,940	4,235	6.5	5.4	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,645	5,320	8,325	12.3	9.7	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	22,440	9,550	12,890	20.2	17.4	23.0
$30,000 to $39,999	19,635	9,305	10,325	17.7	17.0	18.4
$40,000 to $49,999	17,375	9,095	8,280	15.7	16.6	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	11,835	6,810	5,030	10.7	12.4	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,900	4,580	3,320	7.1	8.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,705	2,930	1,775	4.2	5.3	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,475	1,625	850	2.2	3.0	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,380	955	420	1.2	1.7	0.7
$100,000 and over	2,315	1,710	605	2.1	3.1	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,350	975	375	1.2	1.8	0.7
$125,000 and over	965	740	230	0.9	1.3	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,450	13,725	18,730	28.7	24.6	32.7
With employment income	80,780	42,180	38,605	71.3	75.5	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,465	5,360	5,100	13.0	12.7	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,370	2,575	3,790	7.9	6.1	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,025	4,275	5,755	12.4	10.1	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,855	3,865	4,985	11.0	9.2	12.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,670	4,100	4,570	10.7	9.7	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	8,575	4,390	4,180	10.6	10.4	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,985	3,970	3,015	8.6	9.4	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,365	3,290	2,075	6.6	7.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,275	2,730	1,545	5.3	6.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,715	2,230	1,485	4.6	5.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,310	1,590	725	2.9	3.8	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,175	3,805	1,370	6.4	9.0	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,920	2,090	830	3.6	5.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	2,250	1,710	540	2.8	4.1	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,180	53,935	55,240	96.4	96.5	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,200	32,800	38,400	45,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,255	53,945	55,310	96.5	96.5	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	29,800	34,000	38,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,805	49,570	48,230	86.4	88.7	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,400	28,000	34,400	42,400	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,110	42,305	38,805	71.6	75.7	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	30,200	36,400	43,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,990	38,450	45,540	74.2	68.8	79.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	6,900	9,800	8,600	6,900	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	14,585	7,975	6,610	12.9	14.3	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,520	5,000	4,720	4,520	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,150	53,865	55,285	96.4	96.4	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	53,000	38,880	45,840	53,000	38,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,260	53,880	55,385	96.5	96.4	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,040	42,680	33,480	38,040	42,680	33,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,040	49,660	48,375	86.6	88.8	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520	50,680	34,160	42,520	50,680	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,285	42,340	38,945	71.8	75.7	67.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,040	49,560	35,920	43,040	49,560	35,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,790	38,325	45,465	74.0	68.6	79.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	8,860	10,920	9,980	8,860	10,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,800	8,025	6,770	13.1	14.4	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,590	5,630	7,730	6,590	5,630	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,700	20,005	16,690	32.4	35.8	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	58,400	46,000	52,400	58,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,450	66,400	51,080	59,450	66,400	51,080
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,945	16,115	16,835	29.1	28.8	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	33,600	21,800	26,600	33,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,040	40,920	27,440	34,040	40,920	27,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	88.2	76.8	83.2	88.2	76.8
Employment income (%)	69.8	73.4	65.0	69.8	73.4	65.0
Government transfers (%)	16.7	11.9	23.1	16.7	11.9	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.6	2.4	2.0	1.6	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	61,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	61,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	86,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	...	...	44,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,400	...	...	37,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	61,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	795	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,230	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,610	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,430	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,285	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,790	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,940	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,815	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,180	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,730	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,205	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,035	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,775	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,985	...	...	32.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,385	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,880	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,970	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,745	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	61,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	830	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,295	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,935	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,970	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,915	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,415	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,480	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,300	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,910	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,525	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,040	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,620	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,800	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,685	...	...	22.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,635	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,720	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,330	...	...	5.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	39,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,380	12,190	12,185	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	40,800	33,200	36,400	40,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	35,600	30,200	32,800	35,600	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	39,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,200	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...	72,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,550	...	...	63,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,305	12,180	12,125	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	47,480	38,880	43,200	47,480	38,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,480	39,000	33,920	36,480	39,000	33,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,745	14,805	13,940	20.9	21.6	20.1
0 to 5 years	9,530	4,890	4,640	6.9	7.1	6.7
18 to 64 years	83,760	41,875	41,880	60.8	61.0	60.5
65 years and over	25,365	11,925	13,440	18.4	17.4	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,135	6,710	8,425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,640	1,330	1,310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	855	420	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,300	3,480	3,820	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,195	1,890	3,300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	9.8	12.2	11.0	9.8	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.4	9.2	9.0	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	8.6	9.4	9.0	8.6	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.3	9.1	8.7	8.3	9.1
65 years and over (%)	20.5	15.9	24.6	20.5	15.9	24.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	137,870	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,740	14,805	13,935	20.8	21.6	20.1
0 to 5 years	9,530	4,885	4,640	6.9	7.1	6.7
18 to 64 years	83,755	41,880	41,880	60.7	61.0	60.5
65 years and over	25,370	11,925	13,445	18.4	17.4	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,415	2,250	2,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	650	345	305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	175	90	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,345	1,740	1,600	...	...	...
65 years and over	425	165	260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	80,360	38,955	41,405	58.3	56.8	59.8
In bottom decile	12,690	5,780	6,910	9.2	8.4	10.0
In second decile	15,700	7,335	8,365	11.4	10.7	12.1
In third decile	16,940	8,225	8,715	12.3	12.0	12.6
In fourth decile	17,750	8,810	8,945	12.9	12.8	12.9
In fifth decile	17,280	8,805	8,475	12.5	12.8	12.2
In top half of the distribution	57,500	29,645	27,860	41.7	43.2	40.2
In sixth decile	16,100	8,250	7,855	11.7	12.0	11.3
In seventh decile	14,600	7,500	7,100	10.6	10.9	10.3
In eighth decile	12,415	6,340	6,075	9.0	9.2	8.8
In ninth decile	9,010	4,755	4,260	6.5	6.9	6.2
In top decile	5,380	2,805	2,570	3.9	4.1	3.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	137,870	...	...	137,870	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.245	...	...	0.245	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	139,180	69,105	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	665	350	315	0.5	0.5	0.4
French only	81,005	37,925	43,080	58.2	54.9	61.5
English and French	57,190	30,665	26,525	41.1	44.4	37.8
Neither English nor French	320	155	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	139,180	69,105	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,620	1,870	1,745	2.6	2.7	2.5
French	133,925	66,415	67,510	96.2	96.1	96.3
English and French	1,355	685	670	1.0	1.0	1.0
Neither English nor French	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	139,180	69,105	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	136,690	67,815	68,875	98.2	98.1	98.3
Official languages	132,110	65,565	66,545	94.9	94.9	95.0
English	2,770	1,450	1,320	2.0	2.1	1.9
French	129,345	64,115	65,225	92.9	92.8	93.1
Non-official languages	4,575	2,245	2,330	3.3	3.2	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,570	2,240	2,330	3.3	3.2	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	700	385	315	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	640	355	285	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	635	350	285	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,955	1,440	1,515	2.1	2.1	2.2
Albanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	395	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	380	170	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	195	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,060	995	1,065	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	275	165	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	205	110	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,420	650	765	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,495	1,290	1,205	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and French	1,685	860	825	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	540	285	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	139,180	69,105	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,635	860	780	1.2	1.2	1.1
French	126,375	62,545	63,830	90.8	90.5	91.1
Non-official language	1,075	520	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,075	520	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	6,290	3,295	2,995	4.5	4.8	4.3
English and non-official language(s)	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,215	1,090	1,125	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,280	630	650	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	139,180	69,105	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	136,730	67,855	68,875	98.2	98.2	98.3
Official languages	134,635	66,840	67,795	96.7	96.7	96.7
English	2,640	1,370	1,270	1.9	2.0	1.8
French	131,990	65,465	66,520	94.8	94.7	94.9
Non-official languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	1.5	1.5	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,440	690	745	1.0	1.0	1.1
Albanian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	950	455	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	820	390	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,455	1,245	1,205	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	1,550	805	745	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	635	315	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	139,185	69,105	70,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	131,260	65,025	66,235	94.3	94.1	94.5
English	4,265	2,240	2,030	3.1	3.2	2.9
French	1,405	705	705	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,220	605	620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,210	600	615	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	195	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	530	270	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	137,700	68,540	69,165	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	57,730	31,075	26,665	41.9	45.3	38.5
French	137,080	68,215	68,865	99.4	99.4	99.4
Non-official languages	9,330	4,495	4,835	6.8	6.6	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,300	4,470	4,825	6.7	6.5	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,095	615	480	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,075	610	465	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,070	605	465	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	50	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	555	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	415	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,505	3,075	3,430	4.7	4.5	5.0
Albanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	180	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	425	180	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	450	240	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	205	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	370	200	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	110	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,510	2,580	2,925	4.0	3.8	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	760	455	305	0.6	0.7	0.4
Portuguese	425	235	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,395	1,950	2,445	3.2	2.8	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	535	265	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	160	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	100	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	245	95	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	137,870	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,435	1,250	1,185	1.8	1.8	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,235	1,145	1,085	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,295	660	635	0.9	1.0	0.9
Métis	925	475	450	0.7	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	135,430	67,355	68,075	98.2	98.2	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	137,870	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	385	225	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	137,480	68,380	69,095	99.7	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	39,165	...	...	63.8	...	...
Renter	22,265	...	...	36.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,685	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not condominium	54,745	...	...	89.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	9,740	...	...	15.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,925	...	...	32.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,935	...	...	34.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,600	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,075	...	...	34.3	...	...
5 rooms	10,640	...	...	17.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,275	...	...	11.8	...	...
7 rooms	7,105	...	...	11.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,340	...	...	25.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	61,105	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	325	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	59,690	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,740	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,970	...	...	11.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,695	...	...	22.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,410	...	...	12.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,430	...	...	13.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,760	...	...	7.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,035	...	...	11.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	7,040	...	...	11.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,090	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	58,360	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,070	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,995	...	...	53.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,070	...	...	44.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,370	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	61,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,725	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,760	...	...	14.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,600	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,465	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,065	...	...	21.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,215	...	...	16.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,105	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,490	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	61,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	50,540	...	...	82.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,735	...	...	17.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,130	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	61,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,755	...	...	24.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,100	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,495	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,405	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	505	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	46,675	...	...	76.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	60,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,160	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not in core need	55,510	...	...	91.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	72.6	...	...	72.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,205	...	...	1,205	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	337,600	...	...	337,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,260	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.8	...	...	29.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	882	...	...	882	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,805	1,330	1,470	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,700	1,290	1,410	2.0	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,285	1,070	1,210	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	360	195	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,970	1,935	2,030	2.9	2.8	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,920	1,915	2,010	2.8	2.8	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,590	1,790	1,795	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	120	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	131,100	65,335	65,760	95.1	95.2	94.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	135,635	67,485	68,150	98.4	98.4	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,400	14,655	13,745	20.6	21.4	19.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	107,235	52,830	54,405	77.8	77.0	78.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,230	1,125	1,110	1.6	1.6	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	130,960	65,100	65,860	95.0	94.9	95.1
Immigrants⁸¹	6,440	3,230	3,210	4.7	4.7	4.6
Before 1980	1,020	610	410	0.7	0.9	0.6
1980 to 1990	435	250	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	795	350	445	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,980	970	1,010	1.4	1.4	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,215	1,055	1,160	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2015	1,210	545	660	0.9	0.8	1.0
2016 to 2021	1,000	505	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	470	275	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,440	3,230	3,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	840	470	375	13.0	14.6	11.7
5 to 14 years	1,325	705	625	20.6	21.8	19.4
15 to 24 years	1,055	450	605	16.4	13.9	18.8
25 to 44 years	2,890	1,430	1,455	44.9	44.3	45.3
45 years and over	330	175	160	5.1	5.4	5.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,440	3,230	3,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,625	725	900	25.2	22.4	28.0
Brazil	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Colombia	460	180	280	7.1	5.6	8.7
El Salvador	35	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	305	140	165	4.7	4.3	5.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	135	55	75	2.1	1.7	2.3
Peru	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United States of America	200	95	110	3.1	2.9	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	430	215	210	6.7	6.7	6.5
Europe	2,365	1,280	1,090	36.7	39.6	33.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Croatia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
France	1,125	610	515	17.5	18.9	16.0
Germany	90	50	40	1.4	1.5	1.2
Greece	40	30	10	0.6	0.9	0.3
Hungary	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	165	115	50	2.6	3.6	1.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	20	35	0.9	0.6	1.1
Portugal	120	50	70	1.9	1.5	2.2
Romania	160	90	65	2.5	2.8	2.0
Russian Federation	55	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	45	25	1.0	1.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	400	200	205	6.2	6.2	6.4
Africa	1,785	905	880	27.7	28.0	27.4
Algeria	240	120	125	3.7	3.7	3.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	40	35	1.2	1.2	1.1
Egypt	40	30	15	0.6	0.9	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	225	135	95	3.5	4.2	3.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,195	580	615	18.6	18.0	19.1
Asia	665	325	345	10.3	10.1	10.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	105	75	30	1.6	2.3	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	70	40	30	1.1	1.2	0.9
Turkey	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	135	50	90	2.1	1.5	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
Viet Nam	55	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	130	65	65	2.0	2.0	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,000	505	495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	70	135	20.0	13.9	27.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	75	20	55	7.5	4.0	11.1
Haiti	40	25	15	4.0	5.0	3.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	0	1.5	2.0	0.0
United States of America	40	10	25	4.0	2.0	5.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.5	2.0	3.0
Europe	225	135	95	22.5	26.7	19.2
France	165	100	70	16.5	19.8	14.1
Germany	15	15	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	20	4.0	4.0	4.0
Africa	470	245	220	47.0	48.5	44.4
Algeria	65	30	35	6.5	5.9	7.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	100	65	35	10.0	12.9	7.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	20	10	2.5	4.0	2.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	30	10	4.5	5.9	2.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	30	20	4.5	5.9	4.0
Other places of birth in Africa	185	75	105	18.5	14.9	21.2
Asia	100	50	55	10.0	9.9	11.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	10	0	2.0	2.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	15	3.5	3.0	3.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	137,870	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,405	3,740	3,665	5.4	5.5	5.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,530	3,450	3,080	4.7	5.0	4.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	123,930	61,420	62,515	89.9	89.5	90.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,425	2,620	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,655	1,415	1,245	48.9	54.0	44.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,180	770	410	21.8	29.4	14.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,480	645	835	27.3	24.6	29.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,640	650	990	30.2	24.8	35.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,065	540	525	19.6	20.6	18.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	10	45	1.0	0.4	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,425	2,620	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	370	195	175	6.8	7.4	6.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	500	275	225	9.2	10.5	8.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	110	40	65	2.0	1.5	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	155	85	65	2.9	3.2	2.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,260	2,010	2,255	78.5	76.7	80.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	137,870	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,060	2,990	3,070	4.4	4.4	4.4
South Asian	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	255	90	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	2,790	1,385	1,405	2.0	2.0	2.0
Filipino	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	920	525	395	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin American	1,265	555	710	0.9	0.8	1.0
Southeast Asian	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	131,805	65,610	66,190	95.6	95.6	95.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	137,865	68,605	69,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	51,465	25,295	26,175	37.3	36.9	37.8
English	2,045	1,005	1,040	1.5	1.5	1.5
Irish	6,890	3,025	3,865	5.0	4.4	5.6
Scottish	2,415	1,110	1,310	1.8	1.6	1.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	33,315	16,800	16,515	24.2	24.5	23.8
German	2,040	1,020	1,020	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese	320	140	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	3,685	1,885	1,795	2.7	2.7	2.6
Indian (India)	275	155	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	380	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	200	110	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	770	360	415	0.6	0.5	0.6
Québécois	21,570	10,865	10,710	15.6	15.8	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	330	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,710	5,340	5,375	7.8	7.8	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,460	1,285	1,175	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,205	1,600	1,610	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis	820	375	445	0.6	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,630	880	750	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	290	110	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	740	395	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
American	600	270	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	745	330	415	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	220	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,350	645	710	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	620	290	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jewish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	380	215	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	340	190	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	355	220	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,100	540	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	800	365	435	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	1,015	525	490	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian	850	455	395	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	185	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	370	200	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	290	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	220	95	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	570	265	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	245	160	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	530	265	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	210	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	175	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	240	85	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	250	100	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	330	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	215	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	75	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	10	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	137,865	68,605	69,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	230	95	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	88,000	42,455	45,550	63.8	61.9	65.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,710	2,900	2,805	4.1	4.2	4.0
Anabaptist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	215	100	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catholic	79,150	37,910	41,240	57.4	55.3	59.5
Christian Orthodox	450	240	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	645	295	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,170	645	530	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hindu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	1,660	840	820	1.2	1.2	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	47,515	24,975	22,550	34.5	36.4	32.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	136,455	67,910	68,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	118,460	59,265	59,200	86.8	87.3	86.4
Movers	17,995	8,645	9,350	13.2	12.7	13.6
Non-migrants	6,690	3,245	3,445	4.9	4.8	5.0
Migrants	11,310	5,405	5,905	8.3	8.0	8.6
Internal migrants	11,055	5,270	5,790	8.1	7.8	8.4
Intraprovincial migrants	10,890	5,180	5,705	8.0	7.6	8.3
Interprovincial migrants	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	130,025	64,620	65,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,240	36,305	34,925	54.8	56.2	53.4
Movers	58,785	28,315	30,470	45.2	43.8	46.6
Non-migrants	16,045	7,530	8,520	12.3	11.7	13.0
Migrants	42,740	20,785	21,950	32.9	32.2	33.6
Internal migrants	41,560	20,175	21,390	32.0	31.2	32.7
Intraprovincial migrants	41,085	19,895	21,185	31.6	30.8	32.4
Interprovincial migrants	475	275	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,180	610	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,880	15,685	12,190	24.6	28.1	21.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,355	40,215	45,140	75.4	71.9	78.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,455	37,075	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,175	8,805	5,380	19.0	23.7	14.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,275	28,270	32,005	81.0	76.3	85.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,750	12,750	11,000	21.0	22.8	19.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,365	12,415	13,945	23.3	22.2	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	63,120	30,730	32,390	55.7	55.0	56.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	48,610	25,045	23,570	42.9	44.8	41.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,735	15,200	9,535	21.8	27.2	16.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	17,925	9,555	8,370	15.8	17.1	14.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,815	5,640	1,170	6.0	10.1	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,920	8,360	11,565	17.6	15.0	20.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,960	1,490	2,470	3.5	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,505	5,685	8,820	12.8	10.2	15.4
Bachelor's degree	10,375	3,840	6,530	9.2	6.9	11.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,490	680	810	1.3	1.2	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,140	920	1,220	1.9	1.6	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,455	37,075	37,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,030	6,600	4,430	14.8	17.8	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,410	7,150	7,260	19.4	19.3	19.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,015	23,325	25,690	65.8	62.9	68.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,325	19,220	18,105	50.1	51.8	48.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,710	11,950	7,765	26.5	32.2	20.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,345	7,515	6,830	19.3	20.3	18.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,360	4,425	935	7.2	11.9	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,815	6,220	8,600	19.9	16.8	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,800	1,060	1,740	3.8	2.9	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,685	4,105	7,585	15.7	11.1	20.3
Bachelor's degree	8,365	2,805	5,560	11.2	7.6	14.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,175	460	720	1.6	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	65	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	1,745	675	1,065	2.3	1.8	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,115	25,175	24,945	44.3	45.0	43.5
Education	5,015	1,220	3,795	4.4	2.2	6.6
13. Education	5,015	1,220	3,795	4.4	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,920	870	1,050	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	225	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,615	645	970	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	2,595	920	1,680	2.3	1.6	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	40	300	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,585	635	955	1.4	1.1	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	340	80	260	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,680	1,165	3,520	4.1	2.1	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	445	140	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,380	75	1,305	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	935	305	630	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	15	130	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	775	175	600	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	965	440	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Business, management and public administration	13,945	4,525	9,420	12.3	8.1	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,035	205	830	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,885	4,310	8,575	11.4	7.7	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,335	680	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	420	140	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	300	235	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,760	1,240	520	1.6	2.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,500	1,120	375	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	135	30	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,480	14,340	1,140	13.7	25.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	325	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,095	945	155	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,925	2,535	390	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,470	4,315	155	3.9	7.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,155	3,980	175	3.7	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	2,515	2,390	120	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,235	620	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	900	355	540	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	265	75	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	8,550	1,390	7,160	7.6	2.5	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	195	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,005	1,165	6,840	7.1	2.1	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,590	3,765	2,825	5.8	6.7	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,920	785	2,135	2.6	1.4	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,470	1,075	390	1.3	1.9	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,180	1,885	290	1.9	3.4	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,455	37,075	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,440	13,750	11,690	34.2	37.1	31.3
Education	3,635	795	2,845	4.9	2.1	7.6
13. Education	3,635	795	2,845	4.9	2.1	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,445	595	855	1.9	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	150	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,240	445	795	1.7	1.2	2.1
Humanities	1,655	545	1,110	2.2	1.5	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	25	175	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,045	395	650	1.4	1.1	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	35	175	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,765	785	2,975	5.1	2.1	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	90	270	0.5	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,210	40	1,170	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	715	205	520	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	645	115	530	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	710	305	405	1.0	0.8	1.1
Business, management and public administration	10,645	3,240	7,405	14.3	8.7	19.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	760	105	650	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,870	3,125	6,745	13.3	8.4	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	435	480	1.2	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	100	260	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	215	165	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,455	1,040	415	2.0	2.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,285	975	305	1.7	2.6	0.8
25. Library science	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,360	11,345	1,010	16.6	30.6	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	950	805	145	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,245	1,885	355	3.0	5.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,535	3,410	130	4.7	9.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,400	3,250	150	4.6	8.8	0.4
48. Precision production	1,955	1,840	110	2.6	5.0	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	965	460	505	1.3	1.2	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	705	265	440	0.9	0.7	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	200	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	6,795	1,040	5,750	9.1	2.8	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	140	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,345	890	5,455	8.5	2.4	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,365	3,040	2,320	7.2	8.2	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,310	585	1,725	3.1	1.6	4.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,175	850	325	1.6	2.3	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,860	1,595	265	2.5	4.3	0.7
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,455	37,075	37,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,440	13,750	11,690	34.2	37.1	31.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,010	23,325	25,685	65.8	62.9	68.7
Location of study inside Canada	46,940	22,285	24,655	63.0	60.1	65.9
Same as province or territory of residence	46,250	21,950	24,305	62.1	59.2	65.0
Different than province or territory of residence	685	335	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,075	1,045	1,035	2.8	2.8	2.8
Americas	505	225	280	0.7	0.6	0.7
United States of America	120	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Haiti	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	130	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	955	530	425	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	580	340	240	0.8	0.9	0.6
Germany	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	440	215	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	230	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	175	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	113,235	55,900	57,335	...	...	...
In the labour force	73,045	37,810	35,230	...	...	...
Employed	68,225	35,440	32,785	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,815	2,370	2,440	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	40,195	18,090	22,105	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.5	67.6	61.4	64.5	67.6	61.4
Employment rate	60.3	63.4	57.2	60.3	63.4	57.2
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.3	6.9	6.6	6.3	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	113,235	55,900	57,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,380	17,545	21,830	34.8	31.4	38.1
Worked	73,855	38,350	35,500	65.2	68.6	61.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,845	20,760	17,085	33.4	37.1	29.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,015	17,590	18,420	31.8	31.5	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.2	40.7	41.5	42.2	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	73,040	37,815	35,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,285	565	715	1.8	1.5	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	71,760	37,245	34,515	98.2	98.5	98.0
Employee	62,815	31,760	31,050	86.0	84.0	88.1
Permanent position	54,265	27,930	26,335	74.3	73.9	74.8
Temporary position	8,545	3,830	4,715	11.7	10.1	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,565	960	1,605	3.5	2.5	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,980	2,870	3,115	8.2	7.6	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,945	5,485	3,460	12.2	14.5	9.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	73,040	37,815	35,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,285	565	715	1.8	1.5	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	71,760	37,245	34,515	98.2	98.5	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,365	1,105	255	1.9	2.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,840	2,980	7,860	14.8	7.9	22.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,130	3,140	980	5.7	8.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,955	900	5,055	8.2	2.4	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,970	2,385	6,585	12.3	6.3	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,450	770	680	2.0	2.0	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	18,145	7,845	10,305	24.8	20.7	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,995	14,565	1,435	21.9	38.5	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	945	700	245	1.3	1.9	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,975	2,860	1,115	5.4	7.6	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	73,040	37,815	35,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,285	565	715	1.8	1.5	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	71,760	37,245	34,515	98.2	98.5	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	590	340	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	240	210	35	0.3	0.6	0.1
22 Utilities	550	410	135	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	8,160	6,975	1,180	11.2	18.4	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	8,295	5,880	2,410	11.4	15.5	6.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,565	1,700	870	3.5	4.5	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	9,915	4,820	5,090	13.6	12.7	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,965	2,945	1,020	5.4	7.8	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	805	545	255	1.1	1.4	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,445	510	935	2.0	1.3	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	895	465	430	1.2	1.2	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,040	2,180	1,865	5.5	5.8	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,960	1,715	1,250	4.1	4.5	3.5
61 Educational services	5,105	1,425	3,680	7.0	3.8	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	10,885	1,800	9,090	14.9	4.8	25.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	990	515	475	1.4	1.4	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,795	1,565	2,230	5.2	4.1	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,035	1,440	1,595	4.2	3.8	4.5
91 Public administration	3,475	1,780	1,695	4.8	4.7	4.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	77,955	40,370	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,275	840	430	1.6	2.1	1.1
French	61,165	30,745	30,415	78.5	76.2	80.9
Non-official language	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	15,040	8,530	6,510	19.3	21.1	17.3
English and non-official language(s)	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	77,955	40,370	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,625	39,015	36,610	97.0	96.6	97.4
Official languages	75,525	38,960	36,565	96.9	96.5	97.3
English	3,225	2,085	1,140	4.1	5.2	3.0
French	72,300	36,870	35,425	92.7	91.3	94.3
Non-official languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,330	1,355	980	3.0	3.4	2.6
English and French	2,235	1,305	930	2.9	3.2	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	77,955	40,370	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,745	32,940	31,800	83.1	81.6	84.6
English	10,965	6,050	4,915	14.1	15.0	13.1
French	1,955	1,230	725	2.5	3.0	1.9
Non-official language	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	68,230	35,440	32,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,265	4,275	4,995	13.6	12.1	15.2
Worked outside Canada	155	125	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,590	7,555	2,040	14.1	21.3	6.2
Usual place of work	49,215	23,495	25,720	72.1	66.3	78.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	49,215	23,495	25,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,975	7,160	9,815	34.5	30.5	38.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,425	3,455	4,970	17.1	14.7	19.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,710	12,805	10,895	48.2	54.5	42.4
Commute to a different province or territory	105	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	58,810	31,045	27,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	55,095	29,230	25,865	93.7	94.2	93.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	52,305	27,920	24,385	88.9	89.9	87.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,785	1,305	1,485	4.7	4.2	5.3
Public transit	1,080	495	585	1.8	1.6	2.1
Walked	1,645	745	910	2.8	2.4	3.3
Bicycle	190	155	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other method	795	425	370	1.4	1.4	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	58,810	31,045	27,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,870	6,640	8,235	25.3	21.4	29.7
15 to 29 minutes	19,800	9,295	10,505	33.7	29.9	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	12,365	7,115	5,255	21.0	22.9	18.9
45 to 59 minutes	6,420	4,115	2,300	10.9	13.3	8.3
60 minutes and over	5,350	3,875	1,475	9.1	12.5	5.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	58,810	31,045	27,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,030	5,580	1,455	12.0	18.0	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,955	6,905	4,050	18.6	22.2	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,715	6,835	8,875	26.7	22.0	32.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,605	3,435	6,165	16.3	11.1	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,545	2,245	3,300	9.4	7.2	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,960	6,040	3,920	16.9	19.5	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	29,225	15,070	14,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,705	1,400	1,305	9.3	9.3	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,520	13,665	12,855	90.7	90.7	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,820	10,735	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,880	985	900	9.0	9.2	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,105	550	550	5.3	5.1	5.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	435	350	3.8	4.1	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,935	9,750	9,185	90.9	90.8	91.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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