Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La PrairieMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	114,968	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	105,496	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,220	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,274	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	414.3	...	...	414.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	277.52	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,970	56,550	58,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,840	11,165	10,675	19.0	19.7	18.3
0 to 4 years	6,140	3,150	2,990	5.3	5.6	5.1
5 to 9 years	7,480	3,810	3,665	6.5	6.7	6.3
10 to 14 years	8,220	4,205	4,010	7.1	7.4	6.9
15 to 64 years	74,730	36,990	37,745	65.0	65.4	64.6
15 to 19 years	7,090	3,675	3,410	6.2	6.5	5.8
20 to 24 years	5,535	2,875	2,655	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	5,600	2,825	2,780	4.9	5.0	4.8
30 to 34 years	6,625	3,130	3,495	5.8	5.5	6.0
35 to 39 years	7,875	3,750	4,130	6.8	6.6	7.1
40 to 44 years	9,210	4,465	4,745	8.0	7.9	8.1
45 to 49 years	8,765	4,375	4,385	7.6	7.7	7.5
50 to 54 years	8,095	4,035	4,055	7.0	7.1	6.9
55 to 59 years	8,395	4,150	4,240	7.3	7.3	7.3
60 to 64 years	7,540	3,700	3,840	6.6	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	18,400	8,395	10,000	16.0	14.8	17.1
65 to 69 years	5,910	2,805	3,100	5.1	5.0	5.3
70 to 74 years	4,905	2,280	2,625	4.3	4.0	4.5
75 to 79 years	3,775	1,760	2,020	3.3	3.1	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,140	910	1,235	1.9	1.6	2.1
85 years and over	1,665	635	1,030	1.4	1.1	1.8
85 to 89 years	1,125	485	635	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	460	135	325	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.7	18.3	19.0	19.7	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.0	65.4	64.6	65.0	65.4	64.6
65 years and over	16.0	14.8	17.1	16.0	14.8	17.1
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Average age of the population	40.4	39.6	41.2	40.4	39.6	41.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.0	41.6	40.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,670	...	...	56.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,970	...	...	6.6	...	...
Row house	1,900	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,135	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,310	...	...	27.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	565	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	600	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,390	...	...	25.2	...	...
2 persons	15,335	...	...	33.9	...	...
3 persons	7,555	...	...	16.7	...	...
4 persons	7,740	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,255	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,145	55,895	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,130	45,380	47,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,540	28,710	28,825	61.8	63.3	60.4
Married	34,190	17,085	17,105	36.7	37.6	35.8
Living common-law	23,345	11,625	11,715	25.1	25.6	24.5
Living common law - Never married	18,820	9,325	9,490	20.2	20.5	19.9
Living common law - Separated	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,865	1,975	1,890	4.2	4.4	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	395	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	35,595	16,670	18,920	38.2	36.7	39.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,785	13,135	11,650	26.6	28.9	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,170	515	655	1.3	1.1	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,610	2,110	3,500	6.0	4.6	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,030	915	3,115	4.3	2.0	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,655	...	...	46.9	...	...
3 persons	7,435	...	...	22.3	...	...
4 persons	7,655	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,620	...	...	7.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,260	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	16,590	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,935	...	...	26.8	...	...
Without children	7,655	...	...	22.9	...	...
Common-law couples	11,670	...	...	35.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,605	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	5,065	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,110	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,590	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,020	48,965	49,050	86.6	87.6	85.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,525	28,195	28,330	50.0	50.4	49.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,105	1,520	3,590	4.5	2.7	6.3
Children⁶	36,390	19,255	17,135	32.2	34.4	29.9
In a two-parent family	28,550	14,975	13,570	25.2	26.8	23.7
In a one-parent family	7,840	4,280	3,560	6.9	7.7	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,125	6,930	8,200	13.4	12.4	14.3
Living alone	11,390	5,110	6,275	10.1	9.1	11.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,750	700	1,045	1.5	1.3	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,985	1,115	875	1.8	2.0	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,015	...	...	68.5	...	...
Couple-family households	26,530	...	...	58.6	...	...
With children⁶	14,640	...	...	32.3	...	...
Without children	11,890	...	...	26.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,480	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	810	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	900	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,010	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	11,390	...	...	25.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,665	43,470	45,190	97.1	97.2	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	54,400	43,200	48,400	54,400	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,700	43,495	45,210	97.1	97.2	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,000	38,400	42,000	46,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,825	41,345	41,480	90.7	92.4	89.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600	35,200	42,000	49,600	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,745	35,580	34,165	76.4	79.5	73.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,400	40,000	45,600	52,400	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,650	30,575	38,070	75.2	68.3	81.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,700	10,600	9,700	8,700	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,965	4,795	5,170	10.9	10.7	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,960	5,600	5,480	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,460	12,545	11,915	26.8	28.0	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,655	43,520	45,135	97.1	97.3	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,050	69,300	51,120	60,050	69,300	51,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,680	43,530	45,145	97.1	97.3	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	53,100	42,280	47,600	53,100	42,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,930	41,505	41,420	90.8	92.8	88.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,600	64,800	44,440	54,600	64,800	44,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,750	35,600	34,145	76.4	79.6	73.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,150	64,600	47,240	56,150	64,600	47,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,515	30,520	37,990	75.0	68.2	81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,610	10,740	12,300	11,610	10,740	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,170	4,945	5,220	11.1	11.1	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,170	8,370	7,300	6,170	8,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,265	12,375	11,890	26.6	27.7	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,880	7,530	8,240	7,880	7,530	8,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,260	19,970	17,290	40.8	44.6	37.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	74,500	62,000	68,000	74,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	87,600	69,700	79,300	87,600	69,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,080	12,305	13,770	28.6	27.5	29.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	22,800	18,000	19,800	22,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	40,160	26,600	33,000	40,160	26,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0	89.2	79.8	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	76.4	70.0	73.6	76.4	70.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.9	10.9	20.2	14.9	10.9	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.9	1.4	1.0	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	5.1	4.1	3.4	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.1	4.2	3.6	3.1	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,335	44,740	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,675	1,270	1,400	2.9	2.8	3.0
With total income	88,660	43,470	45,190	97.1	97.2	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,875	2,565	3,310	6.6	5.9	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,600	3,310	5,290	9.7	7.6	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	11,600	4,835	6,765	13.1	11.1	15.0
$30,000 to $39,999	9,745	4,385	5,360	11.0	10.1	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,130	4,640	5,485	11.4	10.7	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,135	4,280	4,860	10.3	9.8	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,715	4,020	3,695	8.7	9.2	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,025	3,280	2,740	6.8	7.5	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,985	2,715	2,265	5.6	6.2	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,635	2,085	1,555	4.1	4.8	3.4
$100,000 and over	11,220	7,360	3,860	12.7	16.9	8.5
$100,000 to $149,999	7,850	4,975	2,880	8.9	11.4	6.4
$150,000 and over	3,370	2,385	980	3.8	5.5	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,335	44,740	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,635	1,255	1,385	2.9	2.8	3.0
With after-tax income	88,700	43,490	45,210	97.1	97.2	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,295	2,690	3,600	7.1	6.2	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,195	3,580	5,615	10.4	8.2	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,550	5,830	7,725	15.3	13.4	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,765	5,885	6,880	14.4	13.5	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,955	6,240	6,715	14.6	14.3	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	10,530	5,460	5,070	11.9	12.6	11.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,915	4,290	3,625	8.9	9.9	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,390	3,010	2,375	6.1	6.9	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,475	2,080	1,395	3.9	4.8	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,140	1,345	795	2.4	3.1	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,500	3,080	1,415	5.1	7.1	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,340	1,530	815	2.6	3.5	1.8
$125,000 and over	2,155	1,550	605	2.4	3.6	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,335	44,740	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,590	9,160	12,425	23.6	20.5	26.7
With employment income	69,745	35,585	34,165	76.4	79.5	73.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,850	3,915	3,930	11.3	11.0	11.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,945	2,160	2,785	7.1	6.1	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,245	3,090	4,155	10.4	8.7	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,620	2,435	3,185	8.1	6.8	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,605	2,515	3,095	8.0	7.1	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,510	2,950	3,555	9.3	8.3	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,065	3,000	3,065	8.7	8.4	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,320	2,850	2,470	7.6	8.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	2,540	2,000	6.5	7.1	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,030	2,180	1,855	5.8	6.1	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,840	1,760	1,080	4.1	4.9	3.2
$100,000 and over	9,170	6,185	2,985	13.1	17.4	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	4,470	2,885	1,590	6.4	8.1	4.7
$125,000 and over	4,695	3,300	1,400	6.7	9.3	4.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,785	42,430	44,355	95.0	94.8	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,000	41,200	46,800	54,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,840	42,430	44,410	95.1	94.8	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	36,400	40,800	45,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,385	40,590	40,795	89.1	90.7	87.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,600	36,000	43,200	51,600	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,445	35,305	34,140	76.0	78.9	73.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	53,600	39,600	46,000	53,600	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,110	26,285	34,820	66.9	58.7	74.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	4,360	7,950	6,550	4,360	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,285	4,665	4,620	10.2	10.4	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,160	5,920	4,800	4,160	5,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,840	42,425	44,420	95.1	94.8	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,400	66,700	48,440	57,400	66,700	48,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,870	42,425	44,445	95.1	94.8	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	51,450	39,880	45,560	51,450	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,415	40,620	40,795	89.1	90.8	87.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	64,600	44,440	54,500	64,600	44,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,385	35,315	34,070	76.0	78.9	73.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,900	64,500	47,040	55,900	64,500	47,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,425	26,360	35,065	67.3	58.9	75.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,890	7,880	9,650	8,890	7,880	9,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,590	4,815	4,775	10.5	10.8	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360	5,285	9,450	7,360	5,285	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,100	19,870	17,230	40.6	44.4	37.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	72,500	57,200	65,000	72,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	83,200	64,700	74,600	83,200	64,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,450	11,500	12,950	26.8	25.7	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	30,400	23,000	26,000	30,400	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,760	46,880	31,520	38,760	46,880	31,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.6	84.2	89.0	92.6	84.2
Employment income (%)	77.8	80.4	74.4	77.8	80.4	74.4
Government transfers (%)	11.0	7.3	15.7	11.0	7.3	15.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.1	1.4	0.9	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,950	...	...	56,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,350	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,100	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,045	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,345	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,560	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,530	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,070	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,980	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,880	...	...	48.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,050	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,815	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,920	...	...	13.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,095	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,450	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,330	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,425	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,765	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,955	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,950	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,770	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,730	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,550	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,670	...	...	36.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,505	...	...	14.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,345	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,815	...	...	12.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,375	6,225	7,150	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	51,200	42,000	46,000	51,200	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	43,200	37,200	39,600	43,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,200	...	...	138,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,200	...	...	176,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,100	...	...	77,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,430	6,400	7,040	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,200	62,100	48,880	55,200	62,100	48,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,440	48,240	41,040	44,440	48,240	41,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,140	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,230	13,430	12,800	23.2	24.0	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,490	3,835	3,650	6.6	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	70,100	34,585	35,515	62.0	61.9	62.0
65 years and over	16,810	7,880	8,930	14.9	14.1	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,610	2,915	3,690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,295	710	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	375	200	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,120	1,440	1,680	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,190	765	1,425	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.2	6.5	5.8	5.2	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.3	4.6	4.9	5.3	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.1	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.2	4.7	4.5	4.2	4.7
65 years and over (%)	13.0	9.7	16.0	13.0	9.7	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,230	13,435	12,800	23.2	24.0	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,485	3,835	3,650	6.6	6.9	6.4
18 to 64 years	70,105	34,590	35,515	62.0	61.9	62.0
65 years and over	16,810	7,875	8,935	14.9	14.1	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,150	1,485	1,665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	315	285	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	80	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,950	950	995	...	...	...
65 years and over	600	215	385	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
65 years and over (%)	3.6	2.7	4.3	3.6	2.7	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,570	22,660	24,915	42.0	40.5	43.5
In bottom decile	5,525	2,460	3,065	4.9	4.4	5.4
In second decile	7,945	3,625	4,320	7.0	6.5	7.5
In third decile	9,465	4,475	4,990	8.4	8.0	8.7
In fourth decile	11,690	5,685	6,010	10.3	10.2	10.5
In fifth decile	12,940	6,410	6,530	11.4	11.5	11.4
In top half of the distribution	65,575	33,240	32,340	58.0	59.5	56.5
In sixth decile	13,385	6,650	6,735	11.8	11.9	11.8
In seventh decile	14,340	7,295	7,050	12.7	13.1	12.3
In eighth decile	14,150	7,175	6,975	12.5	12.8	12.2
In ninth decile	12,925	6,595	6,330	11.4	11.8	11.1
In top decile	10,780	5,520	5,250	9.5	9.9	9.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,145	...	...	113,145	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.401	...	...	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,905	56,160	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,195	1,725	1,470	2.8	3.1	2.5
French only	44,515	20,370	24,150	39.1	36.3	41.8
English and French	65,210	33,615	31,595	57.2	59.9	54.7
Neither English nor French	985	455	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,905	56,160	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,855	5,585	5,265	9.5	9.9	9.1
French	96,115	47,115	49,000	84.4	83.9	84.9
English and French	5,995	3,025	2,970	5.3	5.4	5.1
Neither English nor French	940	430	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,905	56,160	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,755	54,075	55,680	96.4	96.3	96.4
Official languages	94,640	46,600	48,040	83.1	83.0	83.2
English	6,655	3,430	3,235	5.8	6.1	5.6
French	87,980	43,175	44,810	77.2	76.9	77.6
Non-official languages	15,115	7,470	7,645	13.3	13.3	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,110	7,470	7,640	13.3	13.3	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,890	1,005	885	1.7	1.8	1.5
Berber languages	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	245	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,595	835	755	1.4	1.5	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,575	830	745	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	310	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,315	4,620	4,695	8.2	8.2	8.1
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,695	815	875	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,690	815	875	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,025	475	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,040	525	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	705	360	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	685	345	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	435	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,155	3,070	3,085	5.4	5.5	5.3
Catalan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	605	350	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	950	455	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romanian	1,300	640	660	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	3,290	1,620	1,675	2.9	2.9	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,430	1,150	1,275	2.1	2.0	2.2
Chinese languages	2,430	1,150	1,275	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,805	850	955	1.6	1.5	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,150	2,090	2,065	3.6	3.7	3.6
English and French	2,120	1,070	1,045	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	410	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,160	570	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,905	56,160	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,605	2,885	2,720	4.9	5.1	4.7
French	83,620	40,950	42,665	73.4	72.9	73.9
Non-official language	5,320	2,635	2,685	4.7	4.7	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,320	2,635	2,685	4.7	4.7	4.6
English and French	8,530	4,365	4,165	7.5	7.8	7.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,825	920	905	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	4,655	2,225	2,435	4.1	4.0	4.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,040	2,020	2,015	3.5	3.6	3.5
Multiple non-official languages	320	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,905	56,160	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,985	53,750	55,240	95.7	95.7	95.7
Official languages	99,495	49,020	50,470	87.3	87.3	87.4
English	8,570	4,370	4,200	7.5	7.8	7.3
French	90,920	44,650	46,270	79.8	79.5	80.1
Non-official languages	9,490	4,730	4,765	8.3	8.4	8.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,490	4,730	4,765	8.3	8.4	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	815	410	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	725	365	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	715	360	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,960	2,980	2,985	5.2	5.3	5.2
Albanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,230	615	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,230	615	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	870	425	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	790	395	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	275	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	545	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	385	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,810	1,910	1,905	3.3	3.4	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	555	270	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	905	460	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	2,280	1,140	1,135	2.0	2.0	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,065	1,020	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.8
Chinese languages	2,065	1,020	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.8
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,630	815	820	1.4	1.5	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,920	2,415	2,510	4.3	4.3	4.3
English and French	2,355	1,165	1,190	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	490	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,450	700	755	1.3	1.2	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	575	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,905	56,160	57,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	98,455	48,385	50,070	86.4	86.2	86.7
English	5,730	2,970	2,765	5.0	5.3	4.8
French	3,635	1,810	1,825	3.2	3.2	3.2
Non-official language	3,000	1,445	1,555	2.6	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,000	1,440	1,555	2.6	2.6	2.7
English and French	1,150	595	555	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	995	495	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	615	295	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,185	55,420	56,765	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	68,230	35,355	32,875	60.3	63.3	57.4
French	109,050	53,715	55,330	96.4	96.1	96.6
Non-official languages	22,885	11,205	11,680	20.2	20.0	20.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,850	11,180	11,670	20.2	20.0	20.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,095	1,575	1,525	2.7	2.8	2.7
Berber languages	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,895	1,470	1,425	2.6	2.6	2.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,835	1,445	1,395	2.5	2.6	2.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	210	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	785	405	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian Creole	450	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	295	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,690	7,120	7,570	13.0	12.7	13.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,265	1,045	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,265	1,045	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	280	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	240	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,710	775	935	1.5	1.4	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	525	235	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	460	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	405	165	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	1,500	740	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	510	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,005	490	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	980	475	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Dari	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	615	290	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,830	5,275	5,550	9.6	9.4	9.7
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,455	835	625	1.3	1.5	1.1
Portuguese	1,350	685	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	1,780	895	885	1.6	1.6	1.5
Spanish	6,980	3,290	3,690	6.2	5.9	6.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	830	440	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	275	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	230	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,950	1,430	1,515	2.6	2.6	2.6
Chinese languages	2,940	1,425	1,515	2.6	2.5	2.6
Hakka	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,385	1,170	1,215	2.1	2.1	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	765	330	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,610	755	855	1.4	1.4	1.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,510	690	825	1.3	1.2	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	940	410	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	545	265	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	111,535	55,145	56,395	98.6	98.7	98.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	400	235	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,745	55,660	57,085	99.6	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,385	...	...	75.9	...	...
Renter	10,885	...	...	24.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,845	...	...	17.3	...	...
Not condominium	37,430	...	...	82.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,780	...	...	8.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,540	...	...	27.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,135	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,720	...	...	28.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,920	...	...	26.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,590	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,245	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,960	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,560	...	...	34.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,055	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,420	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	855	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,195	...	...	7.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,885	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,200	...	...	18.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,870	...	...	17.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,980	...	...	8.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,590	...	...	7.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,300	...	...	7.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,250	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,320	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,950	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,215	...	...	46.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,145	...	...	51.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	915	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	565	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,435	...	...	12.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,410	...	...	20.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,995	...	...	22.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,405	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,465	...	...	14.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,240	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	770	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,950	...	...	86.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,200	...	...	13.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,725	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,595	...	...	19.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,845	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	740	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,600	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,675	...	...	81.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,835	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not in core need	42,845	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,355	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.6	...	...	71.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,402	...	...	1,402	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,800	...	...	456,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,890	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.0	...	...	29.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,073	...	...	1,073	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,320	615	705	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,290	600	695	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,010	465	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Métis single ancestry	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,465	1,150	1,315	2.2	2.1	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,455	1,150	1,305	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,235	1,045	1,190	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,360	54,130	55,230	96.7	96.8	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,140	55,895	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,720	53,765	54,955	96.1	96.2	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,430	12,970	12,455	22.5	23.2	21.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,295	40,795	42,495	73.6	73.0	74.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,420	2,125	2,295	3.9	3.8	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,140	55,895	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	96,485	47,655	48,825	85.3	85.3	85.3
Immigrants⁸¹	15,690	7,745	7,950	13.9	13.9	13.9
Before 1980	1,550	805	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
1980 to 1990	1,315	740	575	1.2	1.3	1.0
1991 to 2000	2,130	975	1,155	1.9	1.7	2.0
2001 to 2010	5,125	2,525	2,605	4.5	4.5	4.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,575	2,700	2,870	4.9	4.8	5.0
2011 to 2015	3,220	1,555	1,665	2.8	2.8	2.9
2016 to 2021	2,355	1,140	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	965	490	475	0.9	0.9	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,690	7,745	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,590	790	805	10.1	10.2	10.1
5 to 14 years	2,585	1,380	1,200	16.5	17.8	15.1
15 to 24 years	2,140	930	1,210	13.6	12.0	15.2
25 to 44 years	8,575	4,270	4,305	54.7	55.1	54.2
45 years and over	805	375	425	5.1	4.8	5.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,690	7,745	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,560	1,660	1,895	22.7	21.4	23.8
Brazil	370	160	215	2.4	2.1	2.7
Colombia	700	315	390	4.5	4.1	4.9
El Salvador	145	80	70	0.9	1.0	0.9
Guyana	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haiti	320	125	195	2.0	1.6	2.5
Jamaica	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	200	110	90	1.3	1.4	1.1
Peru	395	185	210	2.5	2.4	2.6
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
United States of America	195	85	110	1.2	1.1	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,115	555	560	7.1	7.2	7.0
Europe	4,455	2,265	2,190	28.4	29.2	27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	935	505	425	6.0	6.5	5.3
Germany	110	40	70	0.7	0.5	0.9
Greece	70	35	40	0.4	0.5	0.5
Hungary	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	290	190	105	1.8	2.5	1.3
Netherlands	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Poland	120	55	70	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	295	180	115	1.9	2.3	1.4
Romania	790	365	430	5.0	4.7	5.4
Russian Federation	270	120	150	1.7	1.5	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	225	105	125	1.4	1.4	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	35	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,195	610	585	7.6	7.9	7.4
Africa	3,655	1,895	1,765	23.3	24.5	22.2
Algeria	570	280	290	3.6	3.6	3.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Egypt	410	190	215	2.6	2.5	2.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	810	380	425	5.2	4.9	5.3
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,740	970	765	11.1	12.5	9.6
Asia	4,010	1,910	2,095	25.6	24.7	26.4
Afghanistan	185	95	85	1.2	1.2	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	485	245	240	3.1	3.2	3.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	220	110	110	1.4	1.4	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,550	725	830	9.9	9.4	10.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	150	70	80	1.0	0.9	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	115	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Taiwan	55	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	150	40	110	1.0	0.5	1.4
Viet Nam	160	85	75	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bangladesh	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	250	130	120	1.6	1.7	1.5
Pakistan	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lanka	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	520	240	280	3.3	3.1	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,350	1,140	1,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	365	190	170	15.5	16.7	14.0
Brazil	70	30	45	3.0	2.6	3.7
Colombia	100	60	45	4.3	5.3	3.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	30	20	2.1	2.6	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	60	30	30	2.6	2.6	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	80	40	35	3.4	3.5	2.9
Europe	345	180	170	14.7	15.8	14.0
France	95	60	35	4.0	5.3	2.9
Germany	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	20	25	1.9	1.8	2.1
Ukraine	25	15	10	1.1	1.3	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	165	70	95	7.0	6.1	7.9
Africa	605	280	330	25.7	24.6	27.3
Algeria	90	35	60	3.8	3.1	5.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Cameroon	55	30	30	2.3	2.6	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.8
Côte d'Ivoire	35	15	15	1.5	1.3	1.2
Egypt	40	15	30	1.7	1.3	2.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	110	45	65	4.7	3.9	5.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	15	15	1.3	1.3	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	200	105	90	8.5	9.2	7.4
Asia	1,025	490	535	43.6	43.0	44.2
Afghanistan	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	525	245	280	22.3	21.5	23.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	40	45	3.6	3.5	3.7
Iran⁸⁸	90	45	45	3.8	3.9	3.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	25	15	1.7	2.2	1.2
Lebanon	45	25	20	1.9	2.2	1.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	10	15	0.9	0.9	1.2
Saudi Arabia	55	20	35	2.3	1.8	2.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	1.5	1.8	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	40	3.0	3.1	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,355	8,570	8,790	15.3	15.3	15.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,380	6,540	5,840	10.9	11.7	10.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,405	40,785	42,620	73.7	73.0	74.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,145	6,940	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,630	5,055	4,575	68.1	72.8	63.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,230	2,535	1,690	29.9	36.5	23.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,400	2,520	2,880	38.2	36.3	39.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,805	1,010	1,795	19.8	14.6	24.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,525	790	735	10.8	11.4	10.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	185	80	105	1.3	1.2	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,145	6,940	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	985	520	465	7.0	7.5	6.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	845	400	445	6.0	5.8	6.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	400	250	150	2.8	3.6	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	700	400	300	4.9	5.8	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	10	50	0.4	0.1	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	11,155	5,355	5,800	78.9	77.2	80.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,315	8,210	8,105	14.4	14.7	14.2
South Asian	930	480	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Chinese	3,275	1,570	1,705	2.9	2.8	3.0
Black	3,645	1,855	1,785	3.2	3.3	3.1
Filipino	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	2,400	1,245	1,150	2.1	2.2	2.0
Latin American	3,170	1,625	1,550	2.8	2.9	2.7
Southeast Asian	615	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	1,005	525	480	0.9	0.9	0.8
Korean	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	590	315	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,830	47,680	49,145	85.6	85.3	85.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,140	55,895	57,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	34,555	16,635	17,920	30.5	29.8	31.3
English	2,395	1,170	1,225	2.1	2.1	2.1
Irish	6,060	2,860	3,205	5.4	5.1	5.6
Scottish	2,680	1,335	1,345	2.4	2.4	2.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,615	13,400	13,215	23.5	24.0	23.1
German	1,590	820	770	1.4	1.5	1.3
Chinese	3,195	1,565	1,635	2.8	2.8	2.9
Italian	4,925	2,495	2,425	4.4	4.5	4.2
Indian (India)	595	285	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukrainian	870	365	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Dutch	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	735	370	365	0.6	0.7	0.6
Québécois	13,255	6,440	6,810	11.7	11.5	11.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	490	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
French Canadian	7,745	3,850	3,895	6.8	6.9	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,800	910	890	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,650	805	845	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis	500	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,105	580	530	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian	770	370	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,270	670	600	1.1	1.2	1.0
American	630	265	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,350	700	645	1.2	1.3	1.1
Swedish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	1,495	680	815	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pakistani	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	580	320	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	400	195	200	0.4	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,040	510	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Greek	675	290	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Jamaican	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	1,410	715	695	1.2	1.3	1.2
Lebanese	520	290	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iranian	555	265	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	860	435	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	755	340	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	880	420	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	505	280	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	625	330	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	595	310	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	875	445	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Moroccan	915	430	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Czech	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	310	180	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	485	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazilian	535	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigerian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	205	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	110	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	230	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
African Caribbean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	250	85	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	580	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	380	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	285	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albertan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	240	150	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	265	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	680	370	310	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	240	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	275	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kenyan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,145	55,895	57,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	480	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	75,805	36,715	39,090	67.0	65.7	68.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,275	3,150	3,120	5.5	5.6	5.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	385	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	295	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catholic	63,715	30,790	32,930	56.3	55.1	57.5
Christian Orthodox	3,200	1,530	1,665	2.8	2.7	2.9
Jehovah's Witness	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	285	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,055	475	575	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hindu	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	4,270	2,180	2,090	3.8	3.9	3.7
Sikh	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	280	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	31,710	16,365	15,340	28.0	29.3	26.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,025	55,325	56,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,345	49,695	50,650	89.6	89.8	89.3
Movers	11,680	5,630	6,050	10.4	10.2	10.7
Non-migrants	3,855	1,940	1,915	3.4	3.5	3.4
Migrants	7,830	3,690	4,140	7.0	6.7	7.3
Internal migrants	7,475	3,530	3,945	6.7	6.4	7.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,280	3,455	3,825	6.5	6.2	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,010	52,670	54,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,545	32,135	32,410	60.3	61.0	59.6
Movers	42,460	20,540	21,930	39.7	39.0	40.4
Non-migrants	8,460	4,070	4,390	7.9	7.7	8.1
Migrants	34,005	16,465	17,535	31.8	31.3	32.3
Internal migrants	31,485	15,225	16,260	29.4	28.9	29.9
Intraprovincial migrants	30,895	14,935	15,960	28.9	28.4	29.4
Interprovincial migrants	590	290	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	2,515	1,240	1,275	2.4	2.4	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,765	8,550	7,215	17.3	19.1	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,565	36,195	39,380	82.7	80.9	84.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,925	30,165	31,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,445	3,810	2,635	10.4	12.6	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,480	26,355	29,130	89.6	87.4	91.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,335	44,745	46,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,970	7,335	6,635	15.3	16.4	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,335	9,920	10,415	22.3	22.2	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,030	27,495	29,540	62.4	61.4	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,830	17,300	16,530	37.0	38.7	35.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,150	8,255	4,900	14.4	18.4	10.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,220	4,960	4,265	10.1	11.1	9.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,930	3,295	635	4.3	7.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,645	7,375	9,270	18.2	16.5	19.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,035	1,670	2,360	4.4	3.7	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,200	10,195	13,010	25.4	22.8	27.9
Bachelor's degree	15,120	6,480	8,645	16.6	14.5	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,215	925	1,295	2.4	2.1	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	155	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	4,875	2,275	2,605	5.3	5.1	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	365	275	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,930	30,165	31,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,190	2,995	2,200	8.4	9.9	6.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,595	5,400	5,200	17.1	17.9	16.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,140	21,775	24,365	74.5	72.2	76.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,695	13,030	12,665	41.5	43.2	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,185	6,180	4,010	16.4	20.5	12.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,280	3,770	3,505	11.8	12.5	11.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,910	2,410	500	4.7	8.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,285	5,550	6,735	19.8	18.4	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,220	1,300	1,920	5.2	4.3	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,445	8,745	11,700	33.0	29.0	36.8
Bachelor's degree	13,250	5,545	7,705	21.4	18.4	24.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,925	745	1,180	3.1	2.5	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	115	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	4,430	2,045	2,385	7.2	6.8	7.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	560	295	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,335	44,745	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,305	17,255	17,050	37.6	38.6	36.6
Education	4,160	815	3,345	4.6	1.8	7.2
13. Education	4,160	815	3,345	4.6	1.8	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,820	700	1,120	2.0	1.6	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	275	185	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,545	520	1,025	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	2,520	850	1,670	2.8	1.9	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	400	100	300	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,445	505	940	1.6	1.1	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250	40	210	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,495	1,590	3,905	6.0	3.6	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	690	190	500	0.8	0.4	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,000	30	965	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,235	355	875	1.4	0.8	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	15	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	730	135	590	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,665	850	820	1.8	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	15,310	5,860	9,445	16.8	13.1	20.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	125	420	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,750	5,735	9,020	16.1	12.8	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,980	1,070	905	2.2	2.4	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660	280	380	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	220	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	595	395	200	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,790	2,040	750	3.1	4.6	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,450	1,865	590	2.7	4.2	1.3
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	130	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,205	10,910	1,300	13.4	24.4	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	405	235	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	3,010	2,425	585	3.3	5.4	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,335	2,010	320	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,570	2,480	90	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,500	2,445	55	2.7	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,390	1,310	80	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	385	350	0.8	0.9	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	530	235	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	145	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,010	1,025	4,985	6.6	2.3	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	190	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,505	785	4,725	6.0	1.8	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,015	2,255	1,765	4.4	5.0	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,885	515	1,375	2.1	1.2	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,155	885	270	1.3	2.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	940	820	120	1.0	1.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,925	30,160	31,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,785	8,390	7,400	25.5	27.8	23.3
Education	3,115	510	2,605	5.0	1.7	8.2
13. Education	3,115	510	2,605	5.0	1.7	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,410	510	900	2.3	1.7	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	100	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,250	405	840	2.0	1.3	2.6
Humanities	1,720	585	1,135	2.8	1.9	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315	70	245	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	900	345	560	1.5	1.1	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195	35	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,640	1,270	3,370	7.5	4.2	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	610	160	450	1.0	0.5	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	870	20	850	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,040	285	750	1.7	0.9	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	585	90	500	0.9	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,410	690	725	2.3	2.3	2.3
Business, management and public administration	12,810	4,850	7,960	20.7	16.1	25.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	115	360	0.8	0.4	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,330	4,730	7,600	19.9	15.7	23.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,365	735	630	2.2	2.4	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	590	255	335	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245	150	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	435	275	160	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,540	1,870	675	4.1	6.2	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,295	1,755	540	3.7	5.8	1.7
25. Library science	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,735	8,535	1,200	15.7	28.3	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	335	185	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,740	2,170	570	4.4	7.2	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,835	1,540	295	3.0	5.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,930	1,855	75	3.1	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,895	1,845	50	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,010	930	80	1.6	3.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	620	320	300	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	195	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	175	125	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,920	810	4,110	7.9	2.7	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	170	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,475	605	3,870	7.2	2.0	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,260	1,780	1,475	5.3	5.9	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,545	390	1,145	2.5	1.3	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	985	745	235	1.6	2.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	725	630	95	1.2	2.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,925	30,160	31,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,785	8,390	7,400	25.5	27.8	23.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,135	21,775	24,365	74.5	72.2	76.7
Location of study inside Canada	40,025	18,790	21,235	64.6	62.3	66.9
Same as province or territory of residence	39,225	18,430	20,790	63.3	61.1	65.5
Different than province or territory of residence	800	355	445	1.3	1.2	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,115	2,985	3,130	9.9	9.9	9.9
Americas	1,505	725	780	2.4	2.4	2.5
United States of America	325	175	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	95	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	300	145	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	290	130	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
Peru	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	165	75	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Europe	2,145	1,095	1,050	3.5	3.6	3.3
Belgium	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	750	410	340	1.2	1.4	1.1
Germany	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	380	160	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
Poland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	375	200	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	915	475	440	1.5	1.6	1.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	225	105	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Morocco	190	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	270	145	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Asia	1,515	685	830	2.4	2.3	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	740	350	390	1.2	1.2	1.2
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,335	44,745	46,590	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,980	32,535	31,445	...	...	...
Employed	60,445	30,820	29,625	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,530	1,715	1,815	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,355	12,210	15,145	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.0	72.7	67.5	70.0	72.7	67.5
Employment rate	66.2	68.9	63.6	66.2	68.9	63.6
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.3	5.8	5.5	5.3	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,335	44,745	46,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,220	11,455	14,770	28.7	25.6	31.7
Worked	65,115	33,290	31,820	71.3	74.4	68.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,835	20,375	17,470	41.4	45.5	37.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,270	12,920	14,360	29.9	28.9	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.3	42.1	42.7	43.3	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,975	32,535	31,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	925	350	580	1.4	1.1	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,050	32,185	30,865	98.6	98.9	98.2
Employee	56,525	28,200	28,325	88.4	86.7	90.1
Permanent position	49,045	24,885	24,160	76.7	76.5	76.8
Temporary position	7,480	3,315	4,165	11.7	10.2	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,420	935	1,485	3.8	2.9	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,055	2,380	2,675	7.9	7.3	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,525	3,980	2,540	10.2	12.2	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,975	32,535	31,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	925	350	580	1.4	1.1	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,050	32,185	30,865	98.6	98.9	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,415	1,050	370	2.2	3.2	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,590	4,365	9,225	21.2	13.4	29.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,180	4,675	1,505	9.7	14.4	4.8
3 Health occupations	4,505	685	3,820	7.0	2.1	12.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,175	2,330	5,845	12.8	7.2	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,575	755	825	2.5	2.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	14,695	7,015	7,685	23.0	21.6	24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,230	9,330	900	16.0	28.7	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	445	330	115	0.7	1.0	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,235	1,655	580	3.5	5.1	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,975	32,535	31,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	925	350	580	1.4	1.1	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	63,050	32,185	30,865	98.6	98.9	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	340	205	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	90	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	750	525	225	1.2	1.6	0.7
23 Construction	4,630	3,810	825	7.2	11.7	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	6,170	4,360	1,810	9.6	13.4	5.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,640	1,720	915	4.1	5.3	2.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,865	3,715	4,150	12.3	11.4	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,775	2,820	965	5.9	8.7	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,565	925	640	2.4	2.8	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	3,615	1,520	2,090	5.7	4.7	6.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,050	575	475	1.6	1.8	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,440	2,945	2,495	8.5	9.1	7.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,015	1,230	785	3.1	3.8	2.5
61 Educational services	5,285	1,365	3,920	8.3	4.2	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,620	1,215	6,405	11.9	3.7	20.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	795	410	390	1.2	1.3	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,775	1,430	1,340	4.3	4.4	4.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,430	1,115	1,315	3.8	3.4	4.2
91 Public administration	4,075	2,145	1,930	6.4	6.6	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,095	34,735	33,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,195	1,905	1,285	4.7	5.5	3.9
French	40,580	20,145	20,435	59.6	58.0	61.3
Non-official language	175	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	23,090	12,075	11,020	33.9	34.8	33.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	85	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	730	390	340	1.1	1.1	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,095	34,735	33,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,890	32,535	31,355	93.8	93.7	94.0
Official languages	63,600	32,400	31,200	93.4	93.3	93.5
English	7,455	4,260	3,195	10.9	12.3	9.6
French	56,145	28,145	28,000	82.5	81.0	83.9
Non-official languages	285	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	285	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,210	2,205	2,005	6.2	6.3	6.0
English and French	3,980	2,080	1,895	5.8	6.0	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,095	34,735	33,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,915	24,190	23,730	70.4	69.6	71.1
English	15,305	7,900	7,405	22.5	22.7	22.2
French	4,105	2,270	1,835	6.0	6.5	5.5
Non-official language	310	140	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	300	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	265	120	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	125	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,445	30,820	29,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,015	7,160	7,860	24.8	23.2	26.5
Worked outside Canada	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,195	4,790	1,405	10.2	15.5	4.7
Usual place of work	39,105	18,790	20,315	64.7	61.0	68.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,105	18,790	20,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,475	2,875	3,605	16.6	15.3	17.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,360	3,945	5,410	23.9	21.0	26.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	23,185	11,910	11,275	59.3	63.4	55.5
Commute to a different province or territory	85	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,300	23,580	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,495	21,510	18,985	89.4	91.2	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,490	20,700	17,790	85.0	87.8	81.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,010	815	1,195	4.4	3.5	5.5
Public transit	2,600	980	1,615	5.7	4.2	7.4
Walked	1,230	515	710	2.7	2.2	3.3
Bicycle	430	305	125	0.9	1.3	0.6
Other method	550	260	285	1.2	1.1	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,300	23,580	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,610	5,325	6,280	25.6	22.6	28.9
15 to 29 minutes	16,270	8,060	8,210	35.9	34.2	37.8
30 to 44 minutes	11,625	6,865	4,755	25.7	29.1	21.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,575	2,100	1,480	7.9	8.9	6.8
60 minutes and over	2,220	1,225	995	4.9	5.2	4.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,300	23,580	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,070	3,255	810	9.0	13.8	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,500	5,215	3,285	18.8	22.1	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,495	5,970	7,520	29.8	25.3	34.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,215	3,400	4,825	18.1	14.4	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,510	1,945	2,565	10.0	8.2	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,505	3,790	2,720	14.4	16.1	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,710	13,670	13,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,630	2,355	2,265	17.3	17.2	17.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,085	11,310	10,770	82.7	82.7	82.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,105	10,290	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,540	1,805	1,740	17.6	17.5	17.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,610	1,340	1,275	13.0	13.0	13.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	930	465	465	4.6	4.5	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,570	8,490	8,080	82.4	82.5	82.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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