Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La Pointe-de-l'ÎleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,486	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	106,336	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,896	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,890	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,665.9	...	...	2,665.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	41.44	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,485	53,740	56,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,770	9,070	8,700	16.1	16.9	15.3
0 to 4 years	5,610	2,850	2,760	5.1	5.3	4.9
5 to 9 years	6,180	3,145	3,035	5.6	5.9	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,975	3,075	2,905	5.4	5.7	5.1
15 to 64 years	71,560	35,705	35,855	64.8	66.4	63.2
15 to 19 years	4,940	2,520	2,420	4.5	4.7	4.3
20 to 24 years	5,690	2,870	2,815	5.2	5.3	5.0
25 to 29 years	6,820	3,420	3,405	6.2	6.4	6.0
30 to 34 years	7,295	3,565	3,735	6.6	6.6	6.6
35 to 39 years	7,610	3,805	3,805	6.9	7.1	6.7
40 to 44 years	7,835	3,885	3,950	7.1	7.2	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,005	3,515	3,490	6.3	6.5	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,950	3,450	3,505	6.3	6.4	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,525	4,315	4,210	7.7	8.0	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,885	4,355	4,530	8.0	8.1	8.0
65 years and over	21,160	8,970	12,185	19.2	16.7	21.5
65 to 69 years	6,880	3,295	3,585	6.2	6.1	6.3
70 to 74 years	5,220	2,315	2,905	4.7	4.3	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,610	1,595	2,015	3.3	3.0	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,515	945	1,565	2.3	1.8	2.8
85 years and over	2,930	820	2,110	2.7	1.5	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,800	575	1,220	1.6	1.1	2.1
90 to 94 years	920	210	705	0.8	0.4	1.2
95 to 99 years	195	35	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.1	16.9	15.3	16.1	16.9	15.3
15 to 64 years	64.8	66.4	63.2	64.8	66.4	63.2
65 years and over	19.2	16.7	21.5	19.2	16.7	21.5
85 years and over	2.7	1.5	3.7	2.7	1.5	3.7
Average age of the population	42.8	41.5	44.0	42.8	41.5	44.0
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.4	43.2	42.0	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,705	...	...	15.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,050	...	...	6.1	...	...
Row house	3,645	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,025	...	...	12.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,725	...	...	53.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,430	...	...	4.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,215	...	...	38.5	...	...
2 persons	16,330	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 persons	6,585	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	5,010	...	...	10.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,745	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,665	52,210	54,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,720	44,675	48,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,090	22,590	22,500	48.6	50.6	46.8
Married	25,730	12,885	12,845	27.8	28.8	26.7
Living common-law	19,360	9,705	9,655	20.9	21.7	20.1
Living common law - Never married	16,005	8,030	7,975	17.3	18.0	16.6
Living common law - Separated	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,795	1,415	1,380	3.0	3.2	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	285	125	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	47,630	22,085	25,540	51.4	49.4	53.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,220	17,605	15,610	35.8	39.4	32.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,720	740	980	1.9	1.7	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,665	2,625	5,040	8.3	5.9	10.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,025	1,110	3,910	5.4	2.5	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,680	...	...	54.4	...	...
3 persons	6,190	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	4,755	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,180	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,945	...	...	76.2	...	...
Married couples	12,285	...	...	42.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,175	...	...	21.4	...	...
Without children	6,110	...	...	21.2	...	...
Common-law couples	9,655	...	...	33.5	...	...
With children⁶	4,495	...	...	15.6	...	...
Without children	5,165	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,860	...	...	23.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,440	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,420	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,670	52,205	54,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,570	39,180	41,390	75.5	75.1	76.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	43,885	21,990	21,890	41.1	42.1	40.2
Parents in one-parent families	6,860	1,415	5,440	6.4	2.7	10.0
Children⁶	29,825	15,770	14,050	28.0	30.2	25.8
In a two-parent family	19,660	10,305	9,350	18.4	19.7	17.2
In a one-parent family	10,170	5,465	4,705	9.5	10.5	8.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,100	13,025	13,070	24.5	24.9	24.0
Living alone	19,220	9,195	10,025	18.0	17.6	18.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,710	1,275	1,430	2.5	2.4	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,175	2,555	1,625	3.9	4.9	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,460	...	...	53.0	...	...
Couple-family households	20,610	...	...	41.3	...	...
With children⁶	9,975	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	10,635	...	...	21.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,850	...	...	11.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	760	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,260	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	19,220	...	...	38.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,980	43,220	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,480	41,980	44,495	97.2	97.1	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,200	37,600	40,400	43,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,500	41,995	44,505	97.2	97.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,000	34,000	36,000	38,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,110	37,675	38,435	85.5	87.2	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	29,400	34,000	38,400	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,940	31,695	30,245	69.6	73.3	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,400	34,400	37,600	40,400	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,800	33,750	39,050	81.8	78.1	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,000	12,700	11,600	10,000	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,495	5,380	5,105	11.8	12.4	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600	5,640	5,600	5,600	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,155	13,415	11,740	28.3	31.0	25.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,015	43,240	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,395	41,995	44,400	97.1	97.1	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	49,840	43,560	46,600	49,840	43,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,420	42,005	44,420	97.1	97.1	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	41,040	37,440	39,200	41,040	37,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,065	37,615	38,450	85.5	87.0	84.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,960	45,400	36,600	40,960	45,400	36,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,955	31,505	30,450	69.6	72.9	66.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	45,840	39,400	42,680	45,840	39,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,720	33,905	38,815	81.7	78.4	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,530	11,330	13,580	12,530	11,330	13,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,500	5,315	5,185	11.8	12.3	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,730	6,350	7,120	6,730	6,350	7,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,300	13,510	11,790	28.4	31.2	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,500	8,980	8,720	8,500	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,015	43,240	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,420	15,910	14,510	34.2	36.8	31.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,400	52,800	55,600	58,400	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,250	65,700	58,450	62,250	65,700	58,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,070	11,755	12,315	27.0	27.2	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,000	17,400	19,200	22,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	29,000	24,280	26,600	29,000	24,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	81.6	72.8	77.4	81.6	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	69.0	62.0	65.6	69.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.6	18.4	27.3	22.6	18.4	27.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	6.1	6.6	6.3	6.1	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,975	43,215	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,500	1,240	1,260	2.8	2.9	2.8
With total income	86,475	41,980	44,495	97.2	97.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,580	2,650	2,925	6.5	6.3	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,045	4,360	5,685	11.6	10.4	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,810	6,260	8,555	17.1	14.9	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,225	5,735	6,495	14.1	13.7	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,965	5,945	6,020	13.8	14.2	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,535	4,680	4,850	11.0	11.1	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,820	3,490	3,330	7.9	8.3	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,695	2,550	2,140	5.4	6.1	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,590	1,925	1,665	4.2	4.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,200	1,025	2.6	2.9	2.3
$100,000 and over	4,995	3,185	1,810	5.8	7.6	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	4,005	2,495	1,505	4.6	5.9	3.4
$150,000 and over	995	685	305	1.2	1.6	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,975	43,215	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,480	1,225	1,260	2.8	2.8	2.8
With after-tax income	86,500	41,995	44,505	97.2	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,910	2,760	3,150	6.8	6.6	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,560	4,590	5,965	12.2	10.9	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,595	7,625	9,975	20.3	18.2	22.4
$30,000 to $39,999	15,645	7,795	7,850	18.1	18.6	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,750	6,925	6,820	15.9	16.5	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,325	4,740	4,585	10.8	11.3	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,895	3,050	2,845	6.8	7.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,305	1,740	1,560	3.8	4.1	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,855	1,065	790	2.1	2.5	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,090	660	430	1.3	1.6	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,575	1,040	535	1.8	2.5	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,030	670	365	1.2	1.6	0.8
$125,000 and over	540	370	170	0.6	0.9	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,975	43,215	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,040	11,525	15,510	30.4	26.7	33.9
With employment income	61,940	31,690	30,245	69.6	73.3	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,830	3,910	3,920	12.6	12.3	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,830	2,165	2,660	7.8	6.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,300	3,270	4,035	11.8	10.3	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,185	2,950	3,240	10.0	9.3	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,490	3,335	3,150	10.5	10.5	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,235	3,570	3,670	11.7	11.3	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,980	3,100	2,880	9.7	9.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,455	2,490	1,970	7.2	7.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,340	1,865	1,470	5.4	5.9	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,745	1,505	1,235	4.4	4.7	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,625	975	650	2.6	3.1	2.1
$100,000 and over	3,925	2,560	1,360	6.3	8.1	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,260	1,415	845	3.6	4.5	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,665	1,145	520	2.7	3.6	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,980	43,220	45,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,790	41,085	43,705	95.3	95.1	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	34,400	37,600	41,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,830	41,085	43,740	95.3	95.1	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	31,000	33,600	36,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,830	37,145	37,685	84.1	85.9	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,600	30,400	34,800	39,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,970	31,715	30,255	69.6	73.4	66.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	34,000	37,600	41,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,505	30,145	36,355	74.7	69.7	79.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	4,560	9,300	7,500	4,560	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,440	4,390	4,045	9.5	10.2	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	4,320	5,120	4,640	4,320	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,015	43,240	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,755	41,035	43,720	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	47,640	39,960	43,680	47,640	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,795	41,045	43,750	95.3	94.9	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,640	39,080	34,320	36,640	39,080	34,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,790	37,100	37,685	84.0	85.8	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,280	46,360	36,240	41,280	46,360	36,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,060	31,595	30,465	69.7	73.1	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	46,720	38,600	42,720	46,720	38,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,445	30,280	36,165	74.6	70.0	79.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,260	7,740	10,520	9,260	7,740	10,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,440	4,345	4,095	9.5	10.0	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,620	7,950	6,750	5,620	7,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,015	43,240	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,255	15,815	14,435	34.0	36.6	31.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	56,000	48,000	52,000	56,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,200	62,750	53,200	58,200	62,750	53,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,510	11,070	11,445	25.3	25.6	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	28,000	22,800	25,200	28,000	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,480	34,760	28,320	31,480	34,760	28,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	88.0	78.2	83.4	88.0	78.2
Employment income (%)	71.6	75.4	67.4	71.6	75.4	67.4
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.0	21.8	16.6	12.0	21.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.5	1.3	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...	80,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,520	...	...	45,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,440	...	...	38,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,265	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,905	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,150	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,140	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,310	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,500	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,485	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,595	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,650	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,840	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,210	...	...	28.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,470	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,550	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,350	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,835	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	320	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,335	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,140	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,715	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,680	...	...	5.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,990	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,060	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,880	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,185	...	...	10.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,550	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,930	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,365	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,695	...	...	19.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,905	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,490	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,300	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,390	11,745	11,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	40,400	35,200	37,600	40,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600	32,000	33,600	35,600	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	64,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,460	11,740	11,720	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,720	45,600	41,800	43,720	45,600	41,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,040	38,040	36,000	37,040	38,040	36,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,670	52,210	54,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,660	10,475	10,185	19.4	20.1	18.7
0 to 5 years	6,875	3,480	3,395	6.4	6.7	6.2
18 to 64 years	67,585	33,495	34,090	63.4	64.2	62.6
65 years and over	18,425	8,240	10,185	17.3	15.8	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,775	6,275	7,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,575	1,350	1,225	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	910	465	445	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,505	3,645	3,860	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,695	1,280	2,415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	12.0	13.8	12.9	12.0	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.9	12.0	12.5	12.9	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.2	13.4	13.1	13.2	13.4	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.9	11.3	11.1	10.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	20.1	15.5	23.7	20.1	15.5	23.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	106,670	52,205	54,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,660	10,470	10,185	19.4	20.1	18.7
0 to 5 years	6,875	3,475	3,400	6.4	6.7	6.2
18 to 64 years	67,585	33,495	34,085	63.4	64.2	62.6
65 years and over	18,425	8,240	10,185	17.3	15.8	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,970	3,930	4,035	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,315	695	620	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	460	235	220	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,295	2,770	2,525	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,350	465	885	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.5	7.5	7.4	7.5	7.5	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.6	6.1	6.4	6.6	6.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7	6.8	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	8.3	7.4	7.8	8.3	7.4
65 years and over (%)	7.3	5.6	8.7	7.3	5.6	8.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,670	52,210	54,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,405	31,305	34,100	61.3	60.0	62.6
In bottom decile	12,085	5,680	6,400	11.3	10.9	11.8
In second decile	13,045	5,960	7,085	12.2	11.4	13.0
In third decile	13,900	6,635	7,260	13.0	12.7	13.3
In fourth decile	13,680	6,720	6,960	12.8	12.9	12.8
In fifth decile	12,695	6,305	6,395	11.9	12.1	11.7
In top half of the distribution	41,260	20,905	20,360	38.7	40.0	37.4
In sixth decile	11,680	5,835	5,845	10.9	11.2	10.7
In seventh decile	10,550	5,285	5,270	9.9	10.1	9.7
In eighth decile	8,615	4,400	4,215	8.1	8.4	7.7
In ninth decile	6,715	3,455	3,265	6.3	6.6	6.0
In top decile	3,695	1,925	1,770	3.5	3.7	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,670	...	...	106,670	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431	...	...	0.431	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,455	52,500	54,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,505	790	715	1.4	1.5	1.3
French only	56,225	25,520	30,705	52.3	48.6	55.9
English and French	48,720	25,790	22,930	45.3	49.1	41.7
Neither English nor French	1,010	400	610	0.9	0.8	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,455	52,500	54,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,345	2,780	2,560	5.0	5.3	4.7
French	97,030	47,185	49,850	90.3	89.9	90.7
English and French	4,120	2,160	1,960	3.8	4.1	3.6
Neither English nor French	970	370	595	0.9	0.7	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,455	52,500	54,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,990	50,245	52,740	95.8	95.7	96.0
Official languages	85,080	41,635	43,445	79.2	79.3	79.0
English	3,010	1,580	1,435	2.8	3.0	2.6
French	82,065	40,055	42,015	76.4	76.3	76.4
Non-official languages	17,905	8,610	9,295	16.7	16.4	16.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,900	8,610	9,290	16.7	16.4	16.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,960	2,100	1,860	3.7	4.0	3.4
Berber languages	1,275	670	610	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kabyle	1,245	655	595	1.2	1.2	1.1
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,665	1,425	1,240	2.5	2.7	2.3
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,655	1,420	1,235	2.5	2.7	2.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	825	370	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	615	280	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,620	1,110	1,505	2.4	2.1	2.7
Haitian Creole	2,055	855	1,195	1.9	1.6	2.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	535	245	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,075	3,905	4,170	7.5	7.4	7.6
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	240	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	540	240	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	250	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,015	3,395	3,615	6.5	6.5	6.6
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,075	530	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	750	345	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	560	265	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	4,620	2,250	2,370	4.3	4.3	4.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	900	430	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,045	485	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,045	480	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	545	245	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,470	2,255	2,215	4.2	4.3	4.0
English and French	1,335	690	645	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	280	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	2,400	1,190	1,205	2.2	2.3	2.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	185	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,455	52,500	54,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,440	1,280	1,160	2.3	2.4	2.1
French	79,485	38,735	40,755	74.0	73.8	74.2
Non-official language	4,500	2,120	2,380	4.2	4.0	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,500	2,120	2,380	4.2	4.0	4.3
English and French	5,630	2,985	2,645	5.2	5.7	4.8
English and non-official language(s)	845	425	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	10,215	4,810	5,400	9.5	9.2	9.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,140	2,055	2,085	3.9	3.9	3.8
Multiple non-official languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,455	52,500	54,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,800	49,740	52,060	94.7	94.7	94.7
Official languages	92,825	45,470	47,355	86.4	86.6	86.2
English	3,975	2,070	1,905	3.7	3.9	3.5
French	88,850	43,400	45,445	82.7	82.7	82.7
Non-official languages	8,975	4,265	4,710	8.4	8.1	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,975	4,265	4,710	8.4	8.1	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,680	885	795	1.6	1.7	1.4
Berber languages	515	275	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kabyle	505	270	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,160	610	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,155	610	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	570	255	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	450	200	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,005	405	600	0.9	0.8	1.1
Haitian Creole	805	320	490	0.7	0.6	0.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,430	2,110	2,320	4.1	4.0	4.2
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,880	1,850	2,025	3.6	3.5	3.7
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	320	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	305	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,915	1,430	1,485	2.7	2.7	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	805	380	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	805	375	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	460	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,660	2,760	2,895	5.3	5.3	5.3
English and French	1,720	870	845	1.6	1.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	3,035	1,445	1,585	2.8	2.8	2.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	555	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,455	52,500	54,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	90,930	44,320	46,610	84.6	84.4	84.8
English	4,125	2,195	1,925	3.8	4.2	3.5
French	3,950	1,920	2,035	3.7	3.7	3.7
Non-official language	5,280	2,510	2,770	4.9	4.8	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,275	2,505	2,765	4.9	4.8	5.0
English and French	790	395	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,495	730	760	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	495	235	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,680	52,205	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	105,685	51,790	53,900	99.1	99.2	98.9
English	50,010	26,420	23,590	46.9	50.6	43.3
French	104,110	50,960	53,155	97.6	97.6	97.6
Non-official languages	29,230	14,175	15,055	27.4	27.2	27.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,215	14,170	15,050	27.4	27.1	27.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,010	3,170	2,840	5.6	6.1	5.2
Berber languages	1,980	1,040	945	1.9	2.0	1.7
Kabyle	1,920	1,010	910	1.8	1.9	1.7
Tamazight	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,075	2,685	2,390	4.8	5.1	4.4
Amharic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,035	2,675	2,360	4.7	5.1	4.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,150	480	670	1.1	0.9	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	345	140	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Vietnamese	810	340	470	0.8	0.7	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	195	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5,645	2,510	3,135	5.3	4.8	5.8
Haitian Creole	5,275	2,330	2,950	4.9	4.5	5.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	860	435	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,210	6,470	6,750	12.4	12.4	12.4
Albanian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	865	395	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	865	395	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	590	265	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	320	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	455	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	155	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,715	5,735	5,990	11.0	11.0	11.0
Catalan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,255	1,150	1,105	2.1	2.2	2.0
Portuguese	1,245	625	625	1.2	1.2	1.1
Romanian	575	260	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	8,370	4,040	4,330	7.8	7.7	7.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,125	1,090	1,025	2.0	2.1	1.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	90	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	745	350	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Luba-Kasai	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mòoré	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	250	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Yoruba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,320	630	695	1.2	1.2	1.3
Chinese languages	1,320	630	695	1.2	1.2	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	885	420	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	585	265	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,680	52,205	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,630	735	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,550	695	850	1.5	1.3	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	850	375	470	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	665	310	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	105,050	51,470	53,585	98.5	98.6	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,680	52,205	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,465	52,115	54,350	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,430	...	...	49.0	...	...
Renter	25,470	...	...	51.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,770	...	...	19.6	...	...
Not condominium	40,125	...	...	80.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	400	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	9,170	...	...	18.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,925	...	...	39.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,315	...	...	30.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,085	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,640	...	...	47.4	...	...
5 rooms	11,020	...	...	22.1	...	...
6 rooms	4,395	...	...	8.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,390	...	...	8.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,450	...	...	12.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,180	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	710	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,390	...	...	95.0	...	...
Not suitable	2,505	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,665	...	...	27.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,865	...	...	31.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,345	...	...	16.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,125	...	...	8.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,840	...	...	3.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,240	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,965	...	...	3.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,855	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,190	...	...	92.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,705	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,220	...	...	58.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,355	...	...	38.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,315	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,240	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,770	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,260	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,885	...	...	17.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,000	...	...	22.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,680	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,790	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,285	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,140	...	...	82.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,610	...	...	17.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,075	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,490	...	...	27.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,575	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,970	...	...	3.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,665	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	750	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,400	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,365	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	44,850	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.8	...	...	66.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,251	...	...	1,251	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,800	...	...	384,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,470	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	790	...	...	790	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	818	...	...	818	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,680	52,205	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,160	560	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,150	550	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,005	495	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,495	1,115	1,380	2.3	2.1	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,490	1,115	1,375	2.3	2.1	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,275	1,020	1,250	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,025	50,530	52,500	96.6	96.8	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,680	52,200	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,360	48,380	50,980	93.1	92.7	93.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,355	9,805	9,550	18.1	18.8	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,010	38,580	41,430	75.0	73.9	76.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,320	3,820	3,495	6.9	7.3	6.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,680	52,200	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,520	40,925	42,595	78.3	78.4	78.2
Immigrants⁸¹	20,735	9,880	10,860	19.4	18.9	19.9
Before 1980	2,075	1,000	1,075	1.9	1.9	2.0
1980 to 1990	2,415	1,220	1,190	2.3	2.3	2.2
1991 to 2000	3,580	1,635	1,950	3.4	3.1	3.6
2001 to 2010	5,885	2,800	3,085	5.5	5.4	5.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,775	3,225	3,555	6.4	6.2	6.5
2011 to 2015	3,725	1,735	1,990	3.5	3.3	3.7
2016 to 2021	3,055	1,485	1,565	2.9	2.8	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,425	1,400	1,025	2.3	2.7	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,735	9,875	10,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,990	965	1,020	9.6	9.8	9.4
5 to 14 years	3,805	1,935	1,870	18.4	19.6	17.2
15 to 24 years	3,385	1,370	2,015	16.3	13.9	18.6
25 to 44 years	10,120	4,905	5,215	48.8	49.7	48.0
45 years and over	1,435	695	735	6.9	7.0	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,735	9,875	10,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	7,500	3,305	4,195	36.2	33.5	38.6
Brazil	165	75	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	400	190	215	1.9	1.9	2.0
El Salvador	435	230	200	2.1	2.3	1.8
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	3,810	1,605	2,195	18.4	16.3	20.2
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexico	465	190	275	2.2	1.9	2.5
Peru	385	170	220	1.9	1.7	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
United States of America	305	130	170	1.5	1.3	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	1,505	700	800	7.3	7.1	7.4
Europe	3,425	1,670	1,755	16.5	16.9	16.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	1,040	510	525	5.0	5.2	4.8
Germany	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greece	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italy	585	305	280	2.8	3.1	2.6
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Poland	90	60	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
Portugal	430	175	255	2.1	1.8	2.3
Romania	335	150	185	1.6	1.5	1.7
Russian Federation	165	70	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	80	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	60	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	520	250	265	2.5	2.5	2.4
Africa	7,305	3,765	3,540	35.2	38.1	32.6
Algeria	2,905	1,475	1,425	14.0	14.9	13.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	635	325	305	3.1	3.3	2.8
Egypt	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	1,005	520	480	4.8	5.3	4.4
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Somalia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,665	1,390	1,270	12.9	14.1	11.7
Asia	2,505	1,140	1,365	12.1	11.5	12.6
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	95	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	85	60	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Turkey	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	670	305	365	3.2	3.1	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	80	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	565	260	300	2.7	2.6	2.8
Bangladesh	105	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
India	60	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	90	45	50	0.4	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	535	225	315	2.6	2.3	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,050	1,485	1,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	880	395	485	28.9	26.6	31.0
Brazil	35	20	20	1.1	1.3	1.3
Colombia	45	15	25	1.5	1.0	1.6
Haiti	365	170	195	12.0	11.4	12.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	90	40	50	3.0	2.7	3.2
United States of America	90	25	65	3.0	1.7	4.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	225	120	100	7.4	8.1	6.4
Europe	265	125	135	8.7	8.4	8.6
France	185	95	90	6.1	6.4	5.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	65	25	40	2.1	1.7	2.6
Africa	1,690	880	810	55.4	59.3	51.8
Algeria	525	245	280	17.2	16.5	17.9
Burundi	60	40	20	2.0	2.7	1.3
Cameroon	285	155	135	9.3	10.4	8.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	60	65	4.1	4.0	4.2
Côte d'Ivoire	85	40	45	2.8	2.7	2.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	125	65	60	4.1	4.4	3.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	85	65	20	2.8	4.4	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	410	215	195	13.4	14.5	12.5
Asia	220	85	135	7.2	5.7	8.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	30	1.5	1.3	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	0.8	1.0	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	20	1.6	1.7	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	0	30	1.1	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,680	52,205	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	23,745	11,550	12,195	22.3	22.1	22.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,755	7,615	7,135	13.8	14.6	13.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	68,180	33,035	35,140	63.9	63.3	64.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,660	8,875	9,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,125	4,620	4,505	48.9	52.1	46.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,350	2,560	1,790	23.3	28.8	18.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,775	2,060	2,710	25.6	23.2	27.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,780	2,425	3,355	31.0	27.3	34.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,325	1,640	1,690	17.8	18.5	17.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	430	195	235	2.3	2.2	2.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,660	8,875	9,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,320	1,140	1,180	12.4	12.8	12.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,280	670	605	6.9	7.5	6.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	300	155	145	1.6	1.7	1.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	550	280	265	2.9	3.2	2.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	200	75	120	1.1	0.8	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,010	6,550	7,460	75.1	73.8	76.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,680	52,205	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	26,505	12,940	13,565	24.8	24.8	24.9
South Asian	595	280	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese	1,280	590	690	1.2	1.1	1.3
Black	13,380	6,450	6,935	12.5	12.4	12.7
Filipino	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	4,235	2,285	1,950	4.0	4.4	3.6
Latin American	4,530	2,220	2,315	4.2	4.3	4.2
Southeast Asian	1,465	625	840	1.4	1.2	1.5
West Asian	180	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	475	245	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,170	39,265	40,915	75.1	75.2	75.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,680	52,200	54,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	27,180	12,975	14,205	25.5	24.9	26.1
English	1,445	730	720	1.4	1.4	1.3
Irish	3,875	1,845	2,030	3.6	3.5	3.7
Scottish	1,330	640	690	1.2	1.2	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,930	10,335	10,600	19.6	19.8	19.5
German	985	465	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	1,500	715	790	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italian	4,500	2,385	2,115	4.2	4.6	3.9
Indian (India)	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	430	265	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Québécois	13,620	6,765	6,855	12.8	13.0	12.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	6,840	3,235	3,605	6.4	6.2	6.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,575	815	760	1.5	1.6	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,625	745	880	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	340	140	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,045	530	515	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian	380	170	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,095	535	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
American	575	235	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,335	685	650	1.3	1.3	1.2
Swedish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	945	480	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,095	1,010	1,085	2.0	1.9	2.0
Jewish	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	935	435	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,630	850	770	1.5	1.6	1.4
Greek	265	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	610	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	455	245	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	510	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	675	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	7,110	3,325	3,780	6.7	6.4	6.9
Hindu	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	1,030	480	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	215	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	575	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Tamil	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	585	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	1,155	570	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Czech	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	2,340	1,230	1,105	2.2	2.4	2.0
Brazilian	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	610	285	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
African Caribbean	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	340	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congolese	1,010	500	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	530	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	485	190	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Berber	1,070	560	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	335	205	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	205	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	515	290	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Guatemalan	375	195	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	375	180	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	900	465	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	275	160	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Norman	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	170	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Honduran	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,680	52,205	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	975	390	580	0.9	0.7	1.1
Christian	66,500	30,945	35,560	62.3	59.3	65.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,955	3,290	3,675	6.5	6.3	6.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baptist	770	330	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catholic	54,295	25,405	28,890	50.9	48.7	53.0
Christian Orthodox	855	380	470	0.8	0.7	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	510	200	305	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	910	405	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,890	805	1,085	1.8	1.5	2.0
Hindu	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	7,650	3,960	3,695	7.2	7.6	6.8
Sikh	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	30,945	16,620	14,320	29.0	31.8	26.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,570	51,705	53,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,560	46,215	48,345	89.6	89.4	89.8
Movers	11,010	5,495	5,520	10.4	10.6	10.2
Non-migrants	8,825	4,435	4,390	8.4	8.6	8.2
Migrants	2,185	1,060	1,130	2.1	2.1	2.1
Internal migrants	1,705	790	910	1.6	1.5	1.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,595	750	845	1.5	1.5	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	485	260	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,155	49,500	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,175	29,070	31,110	59.5	58.7	60.2
Movers	40,980	20,435	20,545	40.5	41.3	39.8
Non-migrants	27,310	13,535	13,770	27.0	27.3	26.7
Migrants	13,670	6,895	6,780	13.5	13.9	13.1
Internal migrants	9,340	4,605	4,735	9.2	9.3	9.2
Intraprovincial migrants	8,945	4,435	4,515	8.8	9.0	8.7
Interprovincial migrants	395	165	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	4,330	2,295	2,040	4.3	4.6	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,015	43,240	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,300	10,400	9,900	22.8	24.1	21.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,715	32,845	35,875	77.2	76.0	78.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,975	29,500	30,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,315	5,805	4,515	17.2	19.7	14.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,660	23,695	25,970	82.8	80.3	85.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,015	43,235	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,915	8,955	8,955	20.1	20.7	19.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,890	10,445	10,445	23.5	24.2	22.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,205	23,835	26,370	56.4	55.1	57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,755	15,985	16,775	36.8	37.0	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,435	8,210	6,230	16.2	19.0	13.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,740	5,430	5,310	12.1	12.6	11.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,695	2,780	920	4.2	6.4	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,535	6,270	8,270	16.3	14.5	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,785	1,510	2,275	4.3	3.5	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,455	7,850	9,605	19.6	18.2	21.0
Bachelor's degree	11,320	4,995	6,325	12.7	11.6	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,030	940	1,090	2.3	2.2	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	70	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	3,460	1,630	1,830	3.9	3.8	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	430	215	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,980	29,500	30,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,430	4,685	3,740	14.1	15.9	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,595	6,115	5,480	19.3	20.7	18.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,955	18,695	21,255	66.6	63.4	69.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,230	12,190	13,035	42.1	41.3	42.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,570	6,320	5,245	19.3	21.4	17.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,735	4,235	4,500	14.6	14.4	14.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,830	2,085	750	4.7	7.1	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,760	4,720	6,040	17.9	16.0	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,895	1,150	1,750	4.8	3.9	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,730	6,510	8,225	24.6	22.1	27.0
Bachelor's degree	9,430	4,135	5,295	15.7	14.0	17.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,730	790	945	2.9	2.7	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Master's degree	3,020	1,370	1,650	5.0	4.6	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	180	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,015	43,240	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,805	19,405	19,405	43.6	44.9	42.4
Education	3,330	820	2,510	3.7	1.9	5.5
13. Education	3,330	820	2,510	3.7	1.9	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,190	1,150	1,040	2.5	2.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	440	345	100	0.5	0.8	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,750	810	935	2.0	1.9	2.0
Humanities	2,780	1,060	1,720	3.1	2.5	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	520	120	400	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	170	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,365	560	810	1.5	1.3	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	405	145	270	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,095	1,580	3,520	5.7	3.7	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	225	485	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,030	75	955	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	325	705	1.2	0.8	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	680	180	500	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,465	710	755	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	11,955	4,525	7,435	13.4	10.5	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	605	160	445	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,340	4,355	6,980	12.7	10.1	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,795	970	825	2.0	2.2	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	235	335	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	185	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	480	310	175	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	230	140	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,655	1,785	865	3.0	4.1	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,195	1,600	595	2.5	3.7	1.3
25. Library science	250	55	195	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,810	8,675	1,135	11.0	20.1	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	405	220	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,745	1,400	350	2.0	3.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,785	1,500	285	2.0	3.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,475	2,315	160	2.8	5.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,065	1,990	80	2.3	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,330	1,250	80	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	610	295	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	190	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,460	1,105	5,350	7.3	2.6	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,115	955	5,160	6.9	2.2	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,510	1,860	1,645	3.9	4.3	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,970	625	1,350	2.2	1.4	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	775	570	210	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	670	85	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,980	29,500	30,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,025	10,805	9,220	33.4	36.6	30.2
Education	2,430	575	1,850	4.1	1.9	6.1
13. Education	2,430	575	1,850	4.1	1.9	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,725	905	820	2.9	3.1	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	255	75	0.6	0.9	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,395	650	745	2.3	2.2	2.4
Humanities	1,990	770	1,220	3.3	2.6	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	420	115	305	0.7	0.4	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	140	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	900	380	525	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	300	110	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,255	1,275	2,980	7.1	4.3	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	585	185	405	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	50	855	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	865	270	600	1.4	0.9	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	525	125	400	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,220	590	630	2.0	2.0	2.1
Business, management and public administration	9,765	3,555	6,210	16.3	12.1	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	115	370	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,270	3,445	5,830	15.5	11.7	19.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,255	645	605	2.1	2.2	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	500	190	310	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	365	225	140	0.6	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,210	1,505	705	3.7	5.1	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,890	1,380	505	3.2	4.7	1.7
25. Library science	175	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,785	6,785	1,000	13.0	23.0	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	320	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	1,560	1,240	315	2.6	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,210	235	2.4	4.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,940	1,795	140	3.2	6.1	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,550	1,470	75	2.6	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	965	895	70	1.6	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	240	275	0.9	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	370	165	210	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,145	900	4,245	8.6	3.1	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,860	775	4,085	8.1	2.6	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,870	1,535	1,335	4.8	5.2	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,635	520	1,120	2.7	1.8	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	590	445	145	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	635	560	75	1.1	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,980	29,500	30,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,025	10,805	9,220	33.4	36.6	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,950	18,695	21,260	66.6	63.4	69.8
Location of study inside Canada	33,840	15,605	18,235	56.4	52.9	59.8
Same as province or territory of residence	33,370	15,365	18,000	55.6	52.1	59.1
Different than province or territory of residence	470	240	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,115	3,090	3,020	10.2	10.5	9.9
Americas	1,640	750	890	2.7	2.5	2.9
United States of America	210	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexico	280	125	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cuba	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haiti	370	175	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	155	70	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Peru	110	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	220	70	150	0.4	0.2	0.5
Europe	1,385	735	650	2.3	2.5	2.1
Belgium	65	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	780	435	345	1.3	1.5	1.1
Germany	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	2,495	1,340	1,155	4.2	4.5	3.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	1,190	615	565	2.0	2.1	1.9
Morocco	355	165	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tunisia	170	110	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	760	435	330	1.3	1.5	1.1
Asia	590	270	315	1.0	0.9	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	240	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,015	43,235	45,775	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,615	28,860	27,760	...	...	...
Employed	51,700	26,325	25,375	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,920	2,530	2,390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,400	14,385	18,015	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	66.8	60.6	63.6	66.8	60.6
Employment rate	58.1	60.9	55.4	58.1	60.9	55.4
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.8	8.6	8.7	8.8	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,020	43,240	45,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,710	14,495	18,220	36.7	33.5	39.8
Worked	56,305	28,745	27,560	63.2	66.5	60.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,040	16,290	14,750	34.9	37.7	32.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,265	12,455	12,805	28.4	28.8	28.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.9	41.3	41.6	41.9	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,620	28,855	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,535	745	795	2.7	2.6	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,080	28,110	26,970	97.3	97.4	97.2
Employee	50,350	25,265	25,090	88.9	87.6	90.4
Permanent position	43,230	21,995	21,230	76.4	76.2	76.5
Temporary position	7,125	3,265	3,860	12.6	11.3	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,745	1,110	1,630	4.8	3.8	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,380	2,155	2,225	7.7	7.5	8.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,730	2,850	1,875	8.4	9.9	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,620	28,855	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,535	745	795	2.7	2.6	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,080	28,110	26,970	97.3	97.4	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	595	415	180	1.1	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,935	3,700	7,235	19.3	12.8	26.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,165	3,120	1,040	7.4	10.8	3.7
3 Health occupations	4,650	900	3,745	8.2	3.1	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,440	1,715	4,725	11.4	5.9	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,595	790	805	2.8	2.7	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	14,765	7,015	7,755	26.1	24.3	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,075	8,285	790	16.0	28.7	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	285	235	50	0.5	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,570	1,930	640	4.5	6.7	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,620	28,855	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,535	745	795	2.7	2.6	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	55,080	28,110	26,970	97.3	97.4	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	485	310	170	0.9	1.1	0.6
23 Construction	3,245	2,820	420	5.7	9.8	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	4,945	3,625	1,320	8.7	12.6	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,885	1,255	635	3.3	4.3	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,510	3,130	3,380	11.5	10.8	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,055	2,480	575	5.4	8.6	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,495	840	655	2.6	2.9	2.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,825	1,215	1,605	5.0	4.2	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	835	555	270	1.5	1.9	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,980	2,220	1,765	7.0	7.7	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,840	1,875	965	5.0	6.5	3.5
61 Educational services	4,330	1,275	3,055	7.6	4.4	11.0
62 Health care and social assistance	9,235	1,975	7,260	16.3	6.8	26.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	775	440	335	1.4	1.5	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,500	1,205	1,300	4.4	4.2	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,540	1,205	1,335	4.5	4.2	4.8
91 Public administration	3,350	1,565	1,790	5.9	5.4	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,775	30,435	29,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,615	910	705	2.7	3.0	2.4
French	41,230	20,490	20,735	69.0	67.3	70.7
Non-official language	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	15,650	8,445	7,205	26.2	27.7	24.6
English and non-official language(s)	145	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	360	120	240	0.6	0.4	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	645	310	335	1.1	1.0	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,775	30,435	29,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,540	28,690	27,850	94.6	94.3	94.9
Official languages	56,285	28,530	27,760	94.2	93.7	94.6
English	4,090	2,315	1,775	6.8	7.6	6.0
French	52,195	26,210	25,985	87.3	86.1	88.6
Non-official languages	255	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	160	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,230	1,745	1,485	5.4	5.7	5.1
English and French	2,980	1,620	1,355	5.0	5.3	4.6
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	150	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,775	30,435	29,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,010	23,085	22,920	77.0	75.9	78.1
English	10,515	5,620	4,900	17.6	18.5	16.7
French	2,410	1,385	1,025	4.0	4.6	3.5
Non-official language	380	160	225	0.6	0.5	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	380	160	225	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and French	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	345	125	220	0.6	0.4	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,700	26,330	25,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,040	4,735	5,310	19.4	18.0	20.9
Worked outside Canada	80	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,735	4,295	1,440	11.1	16.3	5.7
Usual place of work	35,845	17,240	18,600	69.3	65.5	73.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,845	17,240	18,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,755	13,095	15,660	80.2	76.0	84.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,525	1,400	1,130	7.0	8.1	6.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,520	2,725	1,800	12.6	15.8	9.7
Commute to a different province or territory	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,580	21,535	20,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	28,745	16,195	12,550	69.1	75.2	62.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,085	15,540	11,545	65.1	72.2	57.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,660	655	1,005	4.0	3.0	5.0
Public transit	9,905	3,990	5,915	23.8	18.5	29.5
Walked	1,905	750	1,150	4.6	3.5	5.7
Bicycle	495	340	160	1.2	1.6	0.8
Other method	530	260	265	1.3	1.2	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,580	21,535	20,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,900	3,870	4,030	19.0	18.0	20.1
15 to 29 minutes	13,555	7,160	6,390	32.6	33.2	31.9
30 to 44 minutes	10,035	5,630	4,405	24.1	26.1	22.0
45 to 59 minutes	5,585	2,760	2,820	13.4	12.8	14.1
60 minutes and over	4,515	2,120	2,400	10.9	9.8	12.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,580	21,535	20,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,265	3,195	1,070	10.3	14.8	5.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,380	4,705	3,680	20.2	21.8	18.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,600	4,470	6,130	25.5	20.8	30.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,605	2,680	3,925	15.9	12.4	19.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,215	1,815	2,405	10.1	8.4	12.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,510	4,675	2,835	18.1	21.7	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,020	10,655	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,420	1,210	1,210	11.5	11.4	11.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,595	9,445	9,150	88.5	88.6	88.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,965	7,580	7,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,840	915	925	12.3	12.1	12.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,320	655	660	8.8	8.6	8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	260	260	3.5	3.4	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,120	6,660	6,465	87.7	87.9	87.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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