Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La Jacques-Cartier, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	47,813	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	43,485	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,877	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,301	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,183.75	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	47,815	24,765	23,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,195	5,745	5,450	23.4	23.2	23.6
0 to 4 years	3,440	1,780	1,660	7.2	7.2	7.2
5 to 9 years	3,975	2,055	1,920	8.3	8.3	8.3
10 to 14 years	3,775	1,905	1,875	7.9	7.7	8.1
15 to 64 years	31,360	16,250	15,105	65.6	65.6	65.5
15 to 19 years	2,510	1,315	1,195	5.2	5.3	5.2
20 to 24 years	2,000	1,110	890	4.2	4.5	3.9
25 to 29 years	2,900	1,475	1,430	6.1	6.0	6.2
30 to 34 years	3,695	1,810	1,885	7.7	7.3	8.2
35 to 39 years	3,975	2,005	1,970	8.3	8.1	8.5
40 to 44 years	4,195	2,145	2,055	8.8	8.7	8.9
45 to 49 years	3,305	1,800	1,505	6.9	7.3	6.5
50 to 54 years	2,970	1,540	1,435	6.2	6.2	6.2
55 to 59 years	3,075	1,610	1,465	6.4	6.5	6.4
60 to 64 years	2,725	1,450	1,275	5.7	5.9	5.5
65 years and over	5,260	2,770	2,490	11.0	11.2	10.8
65 to 69 years	2,130	1,130	1,000	4.5	4.6	4.3
70 to 74 years	1,600	850	750	3.3	3.4	3.3
75 to 79 years	835	440	390	1.7	1.8	1.7
80 to 84 years	425	215	205	0.9	0.9	0.9
85 years and over	275	135	145	0.6	0.5	0.6
85 to 89 years	190	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
90 to 94 years	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
95 to 99 years	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.4	23.2	23.6	23.4	23.2	23.6
15 to 64 years	65.6	65.6	65.5	65.6	65.6	65.5
65 years and over	11.0	11.2	10.8	11.0	11.2	10.8
85 years and over	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6
Average age of the population	36.5	36.6	36.3	36.5	36.6	36.3
Median age of the population	37.2	37.6	36.8	37.2	37.6	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,590	...	...	79.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,300	...	...	7.1	...	...
Row house	590	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	660	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	885	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	250	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,875	...	...	21.2	...	...
2 persons	6,595	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	2,975	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	3,450	...	...	18.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,405	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	47,255	24,345	22,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	36,620	19,025	17,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	25,555	12,730	12,820	69.8	66.9	72.9
Married	10,120	5,060	5,065	27.6	26.6	28.8
Living common-law	15,435	7,675	7,760	42.1	40.3	44.1
Living common law - Never married	13,380	6,615	6,770	36.5	34.8	38.5
Living common law - Separated	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,775	940	835	4.8	4.9	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	140	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	11,065	6,290	4,775	30.2	33.1	27.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,585	5,130	3,455	23.4	27.0	19.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	320	180	140	0.9	0.9	0.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,365	730	630	3.7	3.8	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	800	250	550	2.2	1.3	3.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,590	...	...	46.5	...	...
3 persons	2,920	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	3,405	...	...	24.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,270	...	...	9.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,685	...	...	89.5	...	...
Married couples	4,970	...	...	35.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,255	...	...	15.9	...	...
Without children	2,710	...	...	19.1	...	...
Common-law couples	7,715	...	...	54.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,605	...	...	32.5	...	...
Without children	3,105	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,495	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	870	...	...	6.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	625	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,255	24,340	22,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	42,200	21,255	20,945	89.3	87.3	91.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	25,365	12,635	12,735	53.7	51.9	55.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,495	625	870	3.2	2.6	3.8
Children⁶	15,330	7,995	7,340	32.4	32.8	32.0
In a two-parent family	12,925	6,675	6,245	27.4	27.4	27.3
In a one-parent family	2,410	1,315	1,095	5.1	5.4	4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,055	3,090	1,970	10.7	12.7	8.6
Living alone	3,880	2,405	1,470	8.2	9.9	6.4
Living with other relatives⁷	485	250	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Living with non-relatives only	690	430	260	1.5	1.8	1.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	13,605	...	...	74.3	...	...
Couple-family households	12,260	...	...	67.0	...	...
With children⁶	6,660	...	...	36.4	...	...
Without children	5,605	...	...	30.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,340	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	170	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	260	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	345	...	...	1.9	...	...
One-person households	3,875	...	...	21.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,550	18,355	17,195	98.6	98.6	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	62,800	48,400	55,200	62,800	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,565	18,365	17,200	98.6	98.7	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	51,600	42,000	46,800	51,600	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,190	17,835	16,360	94.8	95.8	93.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	58,800	39,600	48,800	58,800	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,740	15,700	14,040	82.5	84.4	80.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	58,000	42,400	49,600	58,000	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,325	12,305	14,020	73.0	66.1	80.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	7,850	10,500	9,100	7,850	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,855	2,495	2,355	13.5	13.4	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,040	6,000	5,480	5,040	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,675	5,110	4,565	26.8	27.5	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,565	18,345	17,225	98.6	98.6	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,950	71,100	54,350	62,950	71,100	54,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,585	18,345	17,235	98.7	98.6	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720	54,650	44,520	49,720	54,650	44,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,180	17,835	16,345	94.8	95.8	93.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	66,400	46,680	56,950	66,400	46,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,740	15,720	14,020	82.5	84.5	80.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000	61,700	47,520	55,000	61,700	47,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,270	12,295	13,975	72.8	66.1	80.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,160	9,770	12,380	11,160	9,770	12,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,740	2,500	2,240	13.1	13.4	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,940	6,285	9,790	7,940	6,285	9,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,690	5,090	4,600	26.9	27.4	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,780	7,670	7,200	6,780	7,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,395	8,825	7,565	45.5	47.4	43.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	73,000	59,200	67,000	73,000	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,300	81,700	65,700	74,300	81,700	65,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,820	5,390	5,430	30.0	29.0	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	31,000	19,400	23,600	31,000	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,480	39,040	27,960	33,480	39,040	27,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	90.8	81.6	87.0	90.8	81.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.0	74.4	71.2	73.0	74.4	71.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.1	9.2	18.5	13.1	9.2	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.2	2.4	1.7	1.2	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.6	2.9	4.5	3.6	2.9	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	2.7	3.8	3.1	2.7	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	36,075	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	525	255	270	1.5	1.4	1.5
With total income	35,545	18,355	17,195	98.5	98.6	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,990	885	1,105	5.6	4.8	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,650	1,045	1,605	7.5	5.7	9.3
$20,000 to $29,999	3,395	1,445	1,950	9.6	7.9	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,405	1,410	2,000	9.6	7.7	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,110	1,845	2,270	11.6	10.1	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,130	1,995	2,135	11.6	10.9	12.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,740	2,070	1,670	10.5	11.3	9.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,480	2,185	1,295	9.8	11.9	7.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	1,525	1,015	7.1	8.3	5.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	1,020	740	5.0	5.6	4.3
$100,000 and over	4,340	2,935	1,405	12.2	16.0	8.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,050	1,965	1,090	8.6	10.7	6.3
$150,000 and over	1,285	965	315	3.6	5.3	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	36,075	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	510	245	260	1.4	1.3	1.5
With after-tax income	35,565	18,365	17,200	98.6	98.7	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,185	945	1,235	6.1	5.1	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	2,865	1,150	1,720	8.1	6.3	10.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,090	1,760	2,335	11.5	9.6	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,835	2,160	2,680	13.6	11.8	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,610	2,760	2,845	15.8	15.0	16.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,360	3,080	2,280	15.1	16.8	13.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,185	2,505	1,675	11.8	13.6	9.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545	1,425	1,120	7.2	7.8	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,380	830	555	3.9	4.5	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	790	495	290	2.2	2.7	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,710	1,245	460	4.8	6.8	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	900	640	260	2.5	3.5	1.5
$125,000 and over	805	610	195	2.3	3.3	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	36,075	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,335	2,915	3,425	17.6	15.7	19.6
With employment income	29,740	15,700	14,040	82.4	84.4	80.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,750	1,415	1,335	9.2	9.0	9.5
$5,000 to $9,999	1,820	770	1,055	6.1	4.9	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,685	1,105	1,575	9.0	7.0	11.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,280	945	1,340	7.7	6.0	9.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,425	1,070	1,355	8.2	6.8	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,975	1,320	1,650	10.0	8.4	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,895	1,515	1,385	9.7	9.6	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	2,900	1,745	1,155	9.8	11.1	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	1,665	885	8.6	10.6	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,945	1,140	805	6.5	7.3	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,305	780	525	4.4	5.0	3.7
$100,000 and over	3,200	2,225	980	10.8	14.2	7.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620	1,070	555	5.4	6.8	4.0
$125,000 and over	1,580	1,155	425	5.3	7.4	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,125	18,155	16,970	97.4	97.6	97.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	62,000	46,400	53,600	62,000	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,150	18,150	17,000	97.4	97.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,200	40,400	45,600	51,200	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,795	17,675	16,120	93.7	95.0	92.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	59,200	40,000	48,800	59,200	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,835	15,750	14,090	82.7	84.6	80.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	58,400	41,600	49,600	58,400	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,120	10,385	12,740	64.1	55.8	73.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	4,520	7,850	6,400	4,520	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,790	2,590	2,200	13.3	13.9	12.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,280	7,050	5,120	4,280	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,190	18,190	16,995	97.6	97.7	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,200	68,200	51,600	60,200	68,200	51,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,230	18,190	17,040	97.7	97.7	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	53,150	42,520	48,040	53,150	42,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,810	17,715	16,095	93.7	95.2	92.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,700	65,700	46,800	56,700	65,700	46,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,900	15,795	14,100	82.9	84.9	80.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,550	61,500	46,760	54,550	61,500	46,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,175	10,440	12,740	64.3	56.1	73.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	7,410	9,760	8,700	7,410	9,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,700	2,615	2,085	13.0	14.1	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,640	5,455	10,400	7,640	5,455	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,345	8,825	7,525	45.3	47.4	43.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,500	55,600	64,500	70,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,300	78,100	61,100	70,300	78,100	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,440	5,215	5,230	28.9	28.0	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	37,200	25,800	30,800	37,200	25,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,440	43,920	32,920	38,440	43,920	32,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4	93.8	85.8	90.4	93.8	85.8
Employment income (%)	77.0	78.2	75.2	77.0	78.2	75.2
Government transfers (%)	9.5	6.2	14.2	9.5	6.2	14.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.2	2.5	1.7	1.2	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	122,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,250	...	...	61,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800	...	...	47,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	345	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	265	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...	1.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	395	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	480	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	480	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,000	...	...	5.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,170	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,160	...	...	55.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,930	...	...	16.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475	...	...	13.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,800	...	...	15.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,960	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	140	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	360	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	330	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	360	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	575	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	635	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	630	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,440	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,475	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,525	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,575	...	...	8.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,625	...	...	41.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,325	...	...	18.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,015	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,280	...	...	12.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,570	2,835	1,735	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,800	57,600	46,800	52,800	57,600	46,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	47,600	40,400	44,400	47,600	40,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,800	...	...	164,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...	88,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,595	2,835	1,760	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,650	64,800	51,350	59,650	64,800	51,350
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,960	50,080	41,880	46,960	50,080	41,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,255	24,345	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,800	6,585	6,215	27.1	27.0	27.1
0 to 5 years	4,245	2,190	2,055	9.0	9.0	9.0
18 to 64 years	29,295	15,025	14,270	62.0	61.7	62.3
65 years and over	5,160	2,735	2,425	10.9	11.2	10.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,900	980	920	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	420	225	200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	60	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	935	505	425	...	...	...
65 years and over	545	245	300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.7	3.4	3.0	2.7	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.0
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.0	12.4	10.6	9.0	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	47,255	24,340	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,805	6,585	6,215	27.1	27.1	27.1
0 to 5 years	4,250	2,190	2,060	9.0	9.0	9.0
18 to 64 years	29,295	15,020	14,270	62.0	61.7	62.3
65 years and over	5,160	2,730	2,430	10.9	11.2	10.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	500	295	210	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	115	65	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	340	205	135	...	...	...
65 years and over	50	25	30	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.9
0 to 17 years (%)	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8
0 to 5 years (%)	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9
18 to 64 years (%)	1.2	1.4	0.9	1.2	1.4	0.9
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,255	24,345	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	17,755	9,140	8,615	37.6	37.5	37.6
In bottom decile	1,475	785	690	3.1	3.2	3.0
In second decile	2,290	1,110	1,180	4.8	4.6	5.2
In third decile	3,400	1,740	1,655	7.2	7.1	7.2
In fourth decile	4,725	2,465	2,260	10.0	10.1	9.9
In fifth decile	5,865	3,045	2,825	12.4	12.5	12.3
In top half of the distribution	29,500	15,205	14,300	62.4	62.5	62.4
In sixth decile	6,805	3,545	3,265	14.4	14.6	14.3
In seventh decile	6,875	3,570	3,305	14.5	14.7	14.4
In eighth decile	6,340	3,235	3,100	13.4	13.3	13.5
In ninth decile	5,435	2,790	2,650	11.5	11.5	11.6
In top decile	4,040	2,060	1,980	8.5	8.5	8.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,255	...	...	47,255	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.231	...	...	0.231	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	47,810	24,765	23,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	215	125	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
French only	26,425	13,145	13,275	55.3	53.1	57.6
English and French	21,150	11,475	9,675	44.2	46.3	42.0
Neither English nor French	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	47,810	24,765	23,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,360	720	645	2.8	2.9	2.8
French	46,165	23,890	22,275	96.6	96.5	96.6
English and French	270	145	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Neither English nor French	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	47,810	24,765	23,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,040	24,355	22,680	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	46,535	24,145	22,390	97.3	97.5	97.1
English	1,220	675	545	2.6	2.7	2.4
French	45,315	23,475	21,840	94.8	94.8	94.8
Non-official languages	500	210	290	1.0	0.8	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	500	210	295	1.0	0.8	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	140	235	0.8	0.6	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	230	100	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	170	65	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	775	410	365	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	640	355	290	1.3	1.4	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	47,810	24,765	23,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	690	385	310	1.4	1.6	1.3
French	44,040	22,750	21,290	92.1	91.9	92.4
Non-official language	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	2,515	1,375	1,140	5.3	5.6	4.9
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	260	115	150	0.5	0.5	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	47,810	24,765	23,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,210	24,450	22,755	98.7	98.7	98.7
Official languages	47,070	24,380	22,690	98.5	98.4	98.4
English	1,090	595	500	2.3	2.4	2.2
French	45,975	23,785	22,190	96.2	96.0	96.3
Non-official languages	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	605	310	290	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	490	260	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	47,810	24,765	23,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,370	23,465	21,905	94.9	94.8	95.0
English	1,710	940	775	3.6	3.8	3.4
French	390	205	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	180	75	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,255	24,340	22,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	47,230	24,325	22,905	99.9	99.9	100.0
English	21,290	11,605	9,685	45.1	47.7	42.3
French	47,020	24,210	22,815	99.5	99.5	99.6
Non-official languages	2,185	925	1,265	4.6	3.8	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,170	910	1,265	4.6	3.7	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,955	805	1,150	4.1	3.3	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	95	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	95	180	0.6	0.4	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	95	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
German	240	95	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,615	680	940	3.4	2.8	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,460	575	880	3.1	2.4	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,255	24,340	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	935	465	475	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	885	430	455	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	470	220	250	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis	415	210	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	46,315	23,880	22,435	98.0	98.1	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,255	24,340	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	235	140	95	0.5	0.6	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,015	24,200	22,815	99.5	99.4	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	15,875	...	...	86.7	...	...
Renter	2,425	...	...	13.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,025	...	...	5.6	...	...
Not condominium	17,275	...	...	94.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,175	...	...	6.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,410	...	...	24.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,340	...	...	40.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,340	...	...	29.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,540	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 rooms	2,605	...	...	14.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,750	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	2,980	...	...	16.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,425	...	...	40.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,260	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	18,035	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	265	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,725	...	...	9.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,680	...	...	20.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,870	...	...	10.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,030	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,570	...	...	8.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,820	...	...	15.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,470	...	...	13.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,150	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	17,395	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	905	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,525	...	...	41.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,550	...	...	57.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	225	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	330	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,235	...	...	17.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,550	...	...	24.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,595	...	...	19.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,370	...	...	18.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,275	...	...	12.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	740	...	...	4.0	...	...
85 years and over	210	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,650	...	...	91.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,625	...	...	8.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,485	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,630	...	...	14.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,490	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not suitable only	225	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	750	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	15,670	...	...	85.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	325	...	...	1.8	...	...
Not in core need	17,800	...	...	98.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,880	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.9	...	...	75.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,415	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	936	...	...	936	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,250	24,345	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	820	450	370	1.7	1.8	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	820	450	370	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	720	400	315	1.5	1.6	1.4
Métis single ancestry	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,385	690	690	2.9	2.8	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,380	690	690	2.9	2.8	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,210	600	605	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	45,050	23,200	21,845	95.3	95.3	95.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,255	24,345	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	46,650	24,040	22,615	98.7	98.7	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,640	6,520	6,125	26.7	26.8	26.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,010	17,520	16,490	72.0	72.0	72.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	600	305	295	1.3	1.3	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,255	24,345	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	45,625	23,480	22,145	96.6	96.4	96.7
Immigrants⁸¹	1,450	775	670	3.1	3.2	2.9
Before 1980	175	110	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
1980 to 1990	90	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
1991 to 2000	240	135	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
2001 to 2010	495	250	250	1.0	1.0	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	450	255	195	1.0	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2015	250	135	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
2016 to 2021	195	125	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	180	85	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,445	775	670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	150	90	65	10.4	11.6	9.7
5 to 14 years	285	190	100	19.7	24.5	14.9
15 to 24 years	170	65	105	11.8	8.4	15.7
25 to 44 years	755	385	370	52.2	49.7	55.2
45 years and over	80	50	30	5.5	6.5	4.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,445	775	670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	215	105	105	14.9	13.5	15.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.2
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	30	10	2.8	3.9	1.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	10	2.1	2.6	1.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	25	20	2.8	3.2	3.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	20	35	4.2	2.6	5.2
Europe	1,050	575	480	72.7	74.2	71.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	745	440	300	51.6	56.8	44.8
Germany	55	20	35	3.8	2.6	5.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Portugal	20	10	15	1.4	1.3	2.2
Romania	20	10	10	1.4	1.3	1.5
Russian Federation	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	3.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	1.0	1.3	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	15	2.8	2.6	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	95	60	40	6.6	7.7	6.0
Africa	100	55	45	6.9	7.1	6.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	35	40	5.2	4.5	6.0
Asia	80	35	45	5.5	4.5	6.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	15	0	1.4	1.9	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	195	120	75	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	15	0	10.3	12.5	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	0	5.1	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	160	95	65	82.1	79.2	86.7
France	125	75	50	64.1	62.5	66.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	7.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	10	10.3	12.5	13.3
Africa	10	10	0	5.1	8.3	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,255	24,340	22,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,000	1,060	940	4.2	4.4	4.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,805	990	815	3.8	4.1	3.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	43,450	22,300	21,150	91.9	91.6	92.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,270	665	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	895	510	385	70.5	76.7	63.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	420	275	145	33.1	41.4	23.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	475	235	240	37.4	35.3	39.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	305	115	190	24.0	17.3	31.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	65	35	30	5.1	5.3	4.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,270	665	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	15	1.6	1.5	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	230	115	110	18.1	17.3	18.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	10	1.6	1.5	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	65	35	7.5	9.8	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	890	460	430	70.1	69.2	70.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,255	24,340	22,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	765	385	375	1.6	1.6	1.6
South Asian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	220	105	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Filipino	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	145	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	165	95	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	46,490	23,955	22,535	98.4	98.4	98.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,255	24,340	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,270	9,085	9,185	38.7	37.3	40.1
English	745	410	335	1.6	1.7	1.5
Irish	3,140	1,590	1,550	6.6	6.5	6.8
Scottish	1,050	575	475	2.2	2.4	2.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,905	6,820	6,080	27.3	28.0	26.5
German	835	390	445	1.8	1.6	1.9
Chinese	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italian	545	275	260	1.2	1.1	1.1
Indian (India)	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Polish	215	110	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	6,495	3,435	3,060	13.7	14.1	13.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	4,135	2,090	2,035	8.8	8.6	8.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,355	740	615	2.9	3.0	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,035	545	495	2.2	2.2	2.2
Métis	260	135	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	675	355	320	1.4	1.5	1.4
Russian	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	160	95	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Spanish	200	110	90	0.4	0.5	0.4
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	600	325	270	1.3	1.3	1.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	620	340	285	1.3	1.4	1.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	290	145	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	85	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	175	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	195	115	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	145	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	125	60	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,255	24,340	22,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	30,465	15,345	15,120	64.5	63.0	66.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,635	1,370	1,260	5.6	5.6	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baptist	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	27,040	13,555	13,485	57.2	55.7	58.9
Christian Orthodox	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	115	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	230	100	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	16,635	8,910	7,730	35.2	36.6	33.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	46,570	24,025	22,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,170	21,315	19,855	88.4	88.7	88.0
Movers	5,400	2,705	2,695	11.6	11.3	12.0
Non-migrants	2,580	1,310	1,270	5.5	5.5	5.6
Migrants	2,820	1,395	1,425	6.1	5.8	6.3
Internal migrants	2,735	1,355	1,380	5.9	5.6	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,490	1,225	1,270	5.3	5.1	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	245	130	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	43,860	22,520	21,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,755	13,950	12,805	61.0	61.9	60.0
Movers	17,105	8,565	8,540	39.0	38.0	40.0
Non-migrants	3,255	1,640	1,610	7.4	7.3	7.5
Migrants	13,855	6,920	6,930	31.6	30.7	32.5
Internal migrants	13,555	6,775	6,790	30.9	30.1	31.8
Intraprovincial migrants	12,595	6,255	6,340	28.7	27.8	29.7
Interprovincial migrants	965	520	445	2.2	2.3	2.1
External migrants	290	150	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,865	2,990	1,875	13.5	16.1	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,205	15,620	15,585	86.5	83.9	89.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,640	13,675	12,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,275	1,620	645	8.5	11.8	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,370	12,050	12,320	91.5	88.1	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,070	18,610	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,040	2,320	1,720	11.2	12.5	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,115	3,945	3,175	19.7	21.2	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,915	12,345	12,565	69.1	66.3	72.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,245	8,860	7,385	45.0	47.6	42.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,375	4,975	2,395	20.4	26.7	13.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,945	2,810	2,130	13.7	15.1	12.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,430	2,160	265	6.7	11.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,615	3,330	4,275	21.1	17.9	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,260	550	710	3.5	3.0	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,665	3,485	5,185	24.0	18.7	29.7
Bachelor's degree	5,520	2,145	3,375	15.3	11.5	19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	665	270	395	1.8	1.5	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	90	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	1,955	830	1,125	5.4	4.5	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	150	160	0.8	0.8	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,640	13,675	12,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,615	1,080	530	6.1	7.9	4.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,235	2,490	1,750	15.9	18.2	13.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,795	10,100	10,690	78.1	73.9	82.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,445	7,355	6,090	50.5	53.8	47.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,320	4,235	2,090	23.7	31.0	16.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,205	2,350	1,855	15.8	17.2	14.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,115	1,885	235	7.9	13.8	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,100	2,665	3,435	22.9	19.5	26.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,030	460	565	3.9	3.4	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,345	2,745	4,600	27.6	20.1	35.5
Bachelor's degree	4,700	1,740	2,955	17.6	12.7	22.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	565	225	345	2.1	1.6	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	60	125	0.7	0.4	1.0
Master's degree	1,640	615	1,030	6.2	4.5	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	110	145	1.0	0.8	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	36,075	18,615	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,160	6,265	4,895	30.9	33.7	28.0
Education	1,685	345	1,340	4.7	1.9	7.7
13. Education	1,685	345	1,340	4.7	1.9	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	845	325	520	2.3	1.7	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	70	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	745	255	490	2.1	1.4	2.8
Humanities	1,265	480	780	3.5	2.6	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	35	140	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	710	295	410	2.0	1.6	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	95	60	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	25	145	0.5	0.1	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,210	660	1,555	6.1	3.5	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	90	240	0.9	0.5	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	35	370	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	480	165	320	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	345	55	290	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	560	300	260	1.6	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	5,370	1,940	3,430	14.9	10.4	19.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	405	80	325	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,970	1,855	3,110	13.8	10.0	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	745	405	340	2.1	2.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	120	155	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	60	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	170	80	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	160	110	50	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	845	610	235	2.3	3.3	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	760	565	195	2.1	3.0	1.1
25. Library science	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,740	5,180	560	15.9	27.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	170	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	630	515	115	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	940	770	165	2.6	4.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,815	1,735	80	5.0	9.3	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,500	1,435	65	4.2	7.7	0.4
48. Precision production	680	625	50	1.9	3.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	745	445	305	2.1	2.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	360	175	190	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	270	115	1.1	1.5	0.7
Health and related fields	3,125	660	2,470	8.7	3.5	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	125	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,810	500	2,310	7.8	2.7	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,305	1,295	1,015	6.4	7.0	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	965	240	725	2.7	1.3	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
43. Security and protective services	670	435	235	1.9	2.3	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	565	530	35	1.6	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,645	13,675	12,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,845	3,575	2,275	21.9	26.1	17.5
Education	1,335	230	1,110	5.0	1.7	8.6
13. Education	1,335	230	1,110	5.0	1.7	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	705	265	440	2.6	1.9	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	625	210	410	2.3	1.5	3.2
Humanities	925	350	580	3.5	2.6	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	20	125	0.5	0.1	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	210	270	1.8	1.5	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	80	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	20	110	0.5	0.1	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,775	480	1,295	6.7	3.5	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	75	210	1.1	0.5	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	375	35	335	1.4	0.3	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	355	100	260	1.3	0.7	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	265	40	225	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	420	215	210	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	4,520	1,540	2,980	17.0	11.3	23.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	50	285	1.3	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,190	1,490	2,695	15.7	10.9	20.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	515	290	225	1.9	2.1	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	105	145	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	135	80	55	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	565	220	2.9	4.1	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	530	190	2.7	3.9	1.5
25. Library science	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,885	4,380	505	18.3	32.0	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	130	70	70	0.5	0.5	0.5
14. Engineering	575	465	115	2.2	3.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	800	635	165	3.0	4.6	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,535	1,470	65	5.8	10.7	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,235	1,185	50	4.6	8.7	0.4
48. Precision production	605	560	45	2.3	4.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	640	355	280	2.4	2.6	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	135	170	1.1	1.0	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	220	115	1.3	1.6	0.9
Health and related fields	2,690	530	2,160	10.1	3.9	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	115	110	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,400	400	2,005	9.0	2.9	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,000	1,110	890	7.5	8.1	6.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	835	200	635	3.1	1.5	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	55	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
43. Security and protective services	595	395	205	2.2	2.9	1.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	475	440	35	1.8	3.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	26,645	13,675	12,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,845	3,575	2,275	21.9	26.1	17.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,795	10,105	10,690	78.0	73.9	82.4
Location of study inside Canada	20,085	9,745	10,350	75.4	71.3	79.8
Same as province or territory of residence	19,355	9,290	10,060	72.6	67.9	77.6
Different than province or territory of residence	740	450	280	2.8	3.3	2.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	700	360	350	2.6	2.6	2.7
Americas	165	80	85	0.6	0.6	0.7
United States of America	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	520	275	245	2.0	2.0	1.9
Belgium	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
France	375	205	170	1.4	1.5	1.3
Germany	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	36,070	18,610	17,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	27,130	14,165	12,955	...	...	...
Employed	25,835	13,550	12,280	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,290	615	675	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,945	4,445	4,505	...	...	...
Participation rate	75.2	76.1	74.2	75.2	76.1	74.2
Employment rate	71.6	72.8	70.3	71.6	72.8	70.3
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.3	5.2	4.8	4.3	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	36,075	18,615	17,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,135	3,940	4,195	22.6	21.2	24.0
Worked	27,940	14,670	13,270	77.4	78.8	76.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	16,710	9,025	7,685	46.3	48.5	44.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,230	5,650	5,580	31.1	30.4	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	43.9	43.0	43.5	43.9	43.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,125	14,170	12,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	235	110	125	0.9	0.8	1.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	26,890	14,060	12,830	99.1	99.2	99.0
Employee	23,290	11,945	11,345	85.9	84.3	87.6
Permanent position	19,985	10,315	9,675	73.7	72.8	74.7
Temporary position	3,305	1,635	1,670	12.2	11.5	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,195	600	595	4.4	4.2	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,110	1,035	1,075	7.8	7.3	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,600	2,110	1,485	13.3	14.9	11.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,125	14,170	12,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	235	110	125	0.9	0.8	1.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	26,890	14,060	12,830	99.1	99.2	99.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	815	580	235	3.0	4.1	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,755	1,345	3,410	17.5	9.5	26.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,190	1,575	615	8.1	11.1	4.7
3 Health occupations	2,260	430	1,835	8.3	3.0	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,205	2,350	2,850	19.2	16.6	22.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	680	300	375	2.5	2.1	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	5,535	2,660	2,870	20.4	18.8	22.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,545	4,110	430	16.8	29.0	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	270	230	40	1.0	1.6	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	650	475	175	2.4	3.4	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,125	14,170	12,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	235	110	125	0.9	0.8	1.0
All industries¹⁹¹	26,890	14,060	12,830	99.1	99.2	99.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	145	90	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	90	15	0.4	0.6	0.1
22 Utilities	215	160	50	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	2,545	2,255	295	9.4	15.9	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,530	1,060	470	5.6	7.5	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	780	555	225	2.9	3.9	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,520	1,300	1,220	9.3	9.2	9.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	840	580	255	3.1	4.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	310	185	130	1.1	1.3	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,115	400	715	4.1	2.8	5.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	520	280	235	1.9	2.0	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,050	1,065	980	7.6	7.5	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	845	510	330	3.1	3.6	2.5
61 Educational services	1,820	420	1,405	6.7	3.0	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	3,515	655	2,855	13.0	4.6	22.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	355	270	2.3	2.5	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,310	590	725	4.8	4.2	5.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,055	485	570	3.9	3.4	4.4
91 Public administration	5,030	3,010	2,020	18.5	21.2	15.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	29,000	15,200	13,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	455	295	165	1.6	1.9	1.2
French	23,450	11,870	11,575	80.9	78.1	83.9
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,025	3,000	2,020	17.3	19.7	14.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	29,000	15,200	13,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	28,365	14,815	13,545	97.8	97.5	98.2
Official languages	28,355	14,815	13,540	97.8	97.5	98.1
English	1,010	610	395	3.5	4.0	2.9
French	27,350	14,205	13,145	94.3	93.5	95.3
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	640	385	255	2.2	2.5	1.8
English and French	640	385	250	2.2	2.5	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	29,000	15,200	13,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,540	12,545	11,995	84.6	82.5	86.9
English	3,845	2,305	1,535	13.3	15.2	11.1
French	555	315	235	1.9	2.1	1.7
Non-official language	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,835	13,550	12,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,225	2,695	3,535	24.1	19.9	28.8
Worked outside Canada	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,435	2,695	735	13.3	19.9	6.0
Usual place of work	16,145	8,135	8,010	62.5	60.0	65.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,145	8,135	8,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,805	1,305	1,495	17.4	16.0	18.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,770	1,170	595	11.0	14.4	7.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,515	5,605	5,910	71.3	68.9	73.8
Commute to a different province or territory	60	50	10	0.4	0.6	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,575	10,830	8,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,675	10,360	8,305	95.4	95.7	95.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	17,845	9,980	7,865	91.2	92.2	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	830	385	445	4.2	3.6	5.1
Public transit	145	60	85	0.7	0.6	1.0
Walked	390	190	200	2.0	1.8	2.3
Bicycle	105	85	15	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other method	270	135	130	1.4	1.2	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,575	10,830	8,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,145	2,225	1,920	21.2	20.5	22.0
15 to 29 minutes	7,485	4,125	3,365	38.2	38.1	38.5
30 to 44 minutes	6,060	3,410	2,650	31.0	31.5	30.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,310	690	620	6.7	6.4	7.1
60 minutes and over	580	390	190	3.0	3.6	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,575	10,830	8,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,235	1,055	175	6.3	9.7	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,680	3,215	1,460	23.9	29.7	16.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,890	3,390	3,500	35.2	31.3	40.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,445	1,505	1,940	17.6	13.9	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,215	545	670	6.2	5.0	7.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,110	1,125	990	10.8	10.4	11.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,960	6,665	6,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,915	995	915	14.8	14.9	14.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,045	5,670	5,375	85.2	85.1	85.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,225	4,735	4,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,455	755	700	15.8	15.9	15.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,150	595	555	12.5	12.6	12.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	305	160	145	3.3	3.4	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,765	3,985	3,780	84.2	84.2	84.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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