Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	La Haute-Yamaska, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	92,796	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	88,306	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,030	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,563	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	145.9	...	...	145.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	636.00	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,795	45,780	47,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,100	7,805	7,295	16.3	17.0	15.5
0 to 4 years	4,460	2,290	2,175	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	5,215	2,670	2,550	5.6	5.8	5.4
10 to 14 years	5,420	2,845	2,575	5.8	6.2	5.5
15 to 64 years	55,675	27,930	27,745	60.0	61.0	59.0
15 to 19 years	4,690	2,360	2,330	5.1	5.2	5.0
20 to 24 years	4,045	2,100	1,950	4.4	4.6	4.1
25 to 29 years	4,750	2,400	2,355	5.1	5.2	5.0
30 to 34 years	5,115	2,595	2,515	5.5	5.7	5.3
35 to 39 years	5,395	2,745	2,650	5.8	6.0	5.6
40 to 44 years	5,860	2,985	2,875	6.3	6.5	6.1
45 to 49 years	5,140	2,650	2,495	5.5	5.8	5.3
50 to 54 years	5,430	2,700	2,725	5.9	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,300	3,560	3,745	7.9	7.8	8.0
60 to 64 years	7,940	3,840	4,105	8.6	8.4	8.7
65 years and over	22,020	10,050	11,975	23.7	22.0	25.5
65 to 69 years	6,950	3,355	3,590	7.5	7.3	7.6
70 to 74 years	5,815	2,845	2,970	6.3	6.2	6.3
75 to 79 years	4,170	1,885	2,280	4.5	4.1	4.8
80 to 84 years	2,600	1,145	1,455	2.8	2.5	3.1
85 years and over	2,480	815	1,670	2.7	1.8	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,610	560	1,055	1.7	1.2	2.2
90 to 94 years	690	210	480	0.7	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	170	45	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.5	16.3	17.0	15.5
15 to 64 years	60.0	61.0	59.0	60.0	61.0	59.0
65 years and over	23.7	22.0	25.5	23.7	22.0	25.5
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.7	1.8	3.6
Average age of the population	44.5	43.4	45.7	44.5	43.4	45.7
Median age of the population	46.4	44.8	48.0	46.4	44.8	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,875	...	...	47.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,950	...	...	7.1	...	...
Row house	545	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,630	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,630	...	...	32.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	515	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	640	...	...	1.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	780	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,655	...	...	35.3	...	...
2 persons	15,555	...	...	37.4	...	...
3 persons	4,740	...	...	11.4	...	...
4 persons	4,130	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,480	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	90,205	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	77,695	37,975	39,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	44,830	22,385	22,440	57.7	58.9	56.5
Married	23,080	11,520	11,565	29.7	30.3	29.1
Living common-law	21,745	10,865	10,875	28.0	28.6	27.4
Living common law - Never married	16,645	8,290	8,360	21.4	21.8	21.0
Living common law - Separated	190	95	100	0.2	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,405	2,260	2,150	5.7	6.0	5.4
Living common law - Widowed	505	235	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	32,865	15,590	17,270	42.3	41.1	43.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,005	11,575	9,430	27.0	30.5	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	875	420	460	1.1	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,200	2,470	3,735	8.0	6.5	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,780	1,135	3,645	6.2	3.0	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,435	...	...	59.3	...	...
3 persons	4,515	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	3,980	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,100	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,030	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	11,155	...	...	42.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,610	...	...	13.9	...	...
Without children	7,545	...	...	29.0	...	...
Common-law couples	10,870	...	...	41.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,300	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	5,575	...	...	21.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,000	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,775	...	...	10.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,220	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	90,205	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	71,710	35,815	35,895	79.5	79.9	79.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,060	22,010	22,055	48.8	49.1	48.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,005	1,225	2,780	4.4	2.7	6.1
Children⁶	23,645	12,585	11,065	26.2	28.1	24.4
In a two-parent family	17,305	9,170	8,140	19.2	20.5	17.9
In a one-parent family	6,340	3,415	2,925	7.0	7.6	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,495	9,020	9,480	20.5	20.1	20.9
Living alone	14,655	6,930	7,730	16.2	15.5	17.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,460	670	785	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,380	1,420	960	2.6	3.2	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,415	...	...	58.7	...	...
Couple-family households	20,910	...	...	50.3	...	...
With children⁶	8,420	...	...	20.3	...	...
Without children	12,490	...	...	30.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,500	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	455	...	...	1.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	755	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,175	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	14,655	...	...	35.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	75,120	37,040	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,905	36,445	37,455	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,200	39,200	43,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,930	36,460	37,465	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,800	34,800	38,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,000	33,235	32,760	87.9	89.7	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	37,600	25,400	31,200	37,600	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,000	27,190	24,810	69.2	73.4	65.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	29,000	34,000	39,200	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,425	29,595	32,830	83.1	79.9	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	10,600	13,400	12,300	10,600	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,690	5,125	4,565	12.9	13.8	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,920	5,120	5,040	4,920	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,515	11,285	10,230	28.6	30.5	26.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	75,130	36,990	38,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,950	36,375	37,570	98.4	98.3	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	52,100	40,560	46,240	52,100	40,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,965	36,385	37,580	98.4	98.4	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,560	35,120	38,800	42,560	35,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,900	33,105	32,800	87.7	89.5	86.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,640	46,840	32,360	39,640	46,840	32,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,970	27,130	24,845	69.2	73.3	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,440	45,760	34,600	40,440	45,760	34,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,660	29,780	32,880	83.4	80.5	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,880	11,580	14,060	12,880	11,580	14,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,660	5,025	4,635	12.9	13.6	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,170	5,480	6,920	6,170	5,480	6,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,235	11,215	10,015	28.3	30.3	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,480	7,000	8,020	7,480	7,000	8,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	75,130	36,995	38,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,340	13,545	10,795	32.4	36.6	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	56,400	46,800	52,000	56,400	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,500	64,300	53,450	59,500	64,300	53,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,470	10,380	11,090	28.6	28.1	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,800	16,800	19,000	22,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	31,840	22,560	27,040	31,840	22,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.8	69.6	76.4	81.8	69.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.4	65.4	56.4	61.4	65.4	56.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.6	18.2	30.3	23.6	18.2	30.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.8	6.4	5.5	4.8	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.1	5.3	4.7	4.1	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	75,125	37,040	38,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,215	590	625	1.6	1.6	1.6
With total income	73,905	36,450	37,460	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,360	1,860	2,505	5.9	5.1	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,415	3,695	5,725	12.7	10.1	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	13,350	5,870	7,475	18.1	16.1	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,690	4,900	5,790	14.5	13.4	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,285	5,095	5,190	13.9	14.0	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	4,225	3,915	11.0	11.6	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,620	3,280	2,340	7.6	9.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,335	1,525	5.2	6.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,675	1,575	1,105	3.6	4.3	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,660	985	675	2.2	2.7	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,845	2,625	1,215	5.2	7.2	3.2
$100,000 to $149,999	2,790	1,845	940	3.8	5.1	2.5
$150,000 and over	1,050	775	280	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	75,125	37,040	38,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,195	575	620	1.6	1.6	1.6
With after-tax income	73,925	36,465	37,465	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,700	1,965	2,735	6.4	5.4	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,900	3,940	5,965	13.4	10.8	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	15,690	6,990	8,700	21.2	19.2	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,640	6,630	7,005	18.5	18.2	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,825	6,240	5,585	16.0	17.1	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,610	4,370	3,240	10.3	12.0	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515	2,545	1,970	6.1	7.0	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	1,405	1,090	3.4	3.9	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,320	825	495	1.8	2.3	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	740	470	275	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,485	1,075	410	2.0	2.9	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	785	550	235	1.1	1.5	0.6
$125,000 and over	705	530	175	1.0	1.5	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	75,125	37,040	38,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,115	9,845	13,275	30.8	26.6	34.9
With employment income	52,005	27,195	24,815	69.2	73.4	65.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,125	3,665	3,460	13.7	13.5	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,185	1,875	2,315	8.0	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,470	2,810	3,660	12.4	10.3	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,830	2,530	3,305	11.2	9.3	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,195	3,000	3,195	11.9	11.0	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,860	3,075	2,785	11.3	11.3	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,705	2,710	1,995	9.0	10.0	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,400	2,205	1,195	6.5	8.1	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,525	1,590	935	4.9	5.8	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,965	1,120	840	3.8	4.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,045	705	340	2.0	2.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,695	1,915	780	5.2	7.0	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,410	985	425	2.7	3.6	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,285	935	350	2.5	3.4	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	75,120	37,040	38,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,070	36,035	37,035	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,400	36,800	42,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,110	36,040	37,065	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,200	32,800	36,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,230	32,930	32,300	86.8	88.9	84.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,200	27,200	32,800	39,200	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,530	27,345	25,180	69.9	73.8	66.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,000	34,800	40,400	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,305	25,965	30,340	75.0	70.1	79.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,900	10,600	9,300	7,900	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,540	4,515	4,035	11.4	12.2	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,440	4,760	4,560	4,440	4,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	75,130	36,990	38,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,185	36,020	37,165	97.4	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	50,200	38,080	44,040	50,200	38,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,200	36,020	37,180	97.4	97.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,760	40,880	32,760	36,760	40,880	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,325	32,955	32,360	86.9	89.1	84.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	47,640	33,120	40,440	47,640	33,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,540	27,315	25,230	69.9	73.8	66.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	46,400	34,640	40,760	46,400	34,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,415	26,085	30,325	75.1	70.5	79.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,130	11,310	10,300	9,130	11,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,420	4,365	4,050	11.2	11.8	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,130	5,460	6,850	6,130	5,460	6,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	75,130	36,995	38,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,205	13,500	10,710	32.2	36.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	53,600	43,600	49,200	53,600	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,450	61,900	49,600	56,450	61,900	49,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,580	9,990	10,590	27.4	27.0	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,000	21,000	24,200	29,000	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,560	36,800	26,600	31,560	36,800	26,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.8	75.8	82.0	86.8	75.8
Employment income (%)	66.4	70.2	61.8	66.4	70.2	61.8
Government transfers (%)	18.0	13.2	24.2	18.0	13.2	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,880	...	...	41,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,880	...	...	35,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	565	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	935	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,845	...	...	6.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,780	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,690	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,220	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,025	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,765	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,265	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,970	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,385	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,795	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,615	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,820	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,660	...	...	6.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,695	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	570	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	995	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,045	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,185	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,180	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,710	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,595	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,180	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,705	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,450	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,960	...	...	19.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,870	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,010	...	...	4.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,080	...	...	5.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,030	8,345	8,685	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,400	32,000	35,200	38,400	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	34,000	29,600	31,800	34,000	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	73,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,750	...	...	63,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,030	8,270	8,765	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,160	44,240	38,280	41,160	44,240	38,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,360	37,160	33,640	35,360	37,160	33,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	90,205	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,955	9,225	8,725	19.9	20.6	19.2
0 to 5 years	5,435	2,825	2,610	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	52,410	26,250	26,160	58.1	58.6	57.7
65 years and over	19,835	9,355	10,480	22.0	20.9	23.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,870	4,830	6,035	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,675	830	845	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	560	275	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,935	2,375	2,560	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,265	1,630	2,635	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	10.8	13.3	12.1	10.8	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.3	9.0	9.6	9.3	9.0	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	9.8	10.9	10.3	9.8	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.1	9.8	9.4	9.1	9.8
65 years and over (%)	21.5	17.4	25.2	21.5	17.4	25.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	90,200	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,950	9,225	8,730	19.9	20.6	19.2
0 to 5 years	5,435	2,825	2,610	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	52,415	26,255	26,160	58.1	58.6	57.7
65 years and over	19,835	9,350	10,485	22.0	20.9	23.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,810	1,445	1,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	350	170	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,155	1,150	1,010	...	...	...
65 years and over	300	130	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.8	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.4	3.9	4.1	4.4	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	90,205	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,005	27,210	28,790	62.1	60.7	63.5
In bottom decile	8,775	3,970	4,805	9.7	8.9	10.6
In second decile	11,935	5,615	6,320	13.2	12.5	13.9
In third decile	11,975	5,890	6,080	13.3	13.1	13.4
In fourth decile	12,105	6,065	6,040	13.4	13.5	13.3
In fifth decile	11,220	5,665	5,550	12.4	12.6	12.2
In top half of the distribution	34,195	17,615	16,580	37.9	39.3	36.5
In sixth decile	9,895	5,035	4,860	11.0	11.2	10.7
In seventh decile	8,690	4,490	4,200	9.6	10.0	9.3
In eighth decile	7,030	3,655	3,375	7.8	8.2	7.4
In ninth decile	5,055	2,615	2,445	5.6	5.8	5.4
In top decile	3,535	1,830	1,705	3.9	4.1	3.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439	...	...	0.439	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	91,420	45,350	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	750	410	345	0.8	0.9	0.7
French only	55,410	25,975	29,440	60.6	57.3	63.9
English and French	34,950	18,820	16,130	38.2	41.5	35.0
Neither English nor French	305	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	91,420	45,350	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,240	1,700	1,545	3.5	3.7	3.4
French	87,005	43,040	43,965	95.2	94.9	95.4
English and French	895	485	415	1.0	1.1	0.9
Neither English nor French	275	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	91,420	45,350	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,885	44,585	45,300	98.3	98.3	98.3
Official languages	86,555	42,855	43,700	94.7	94.5	94.9
English	2,835	1,475	1,360	3.1	3.3	3.0
French	83,715	41,375	42,345	91.6	91.2	91.9
Non-official languages	3,330	1,725	1,600	3.6	3.8	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,325	1,725	1,600	3.6	3.8	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	270	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	435	245	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	430	245	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,060	1,055	1,005	2.3	2.3	2.2
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,425	720	700	1.6	1.6	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,190	590	600	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,535	765	765	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	1,075	540	540	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	91,420	45,350	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,780	935	850	1.9	2.1	1.8
French	81,920	40,440	41,480	89.6	89.2	90.0
Non-official language	1,005	530	470	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,005	530	470	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	4,090	2,135	1,955	4.5	4.7	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,795	895	900	2.0	2.0	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	330	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	91,420	45,350	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,785	44,570	45,220	98.2	98.3	98.2
Official languages	87,915	43,590	44,330	96.2	96.1	96.2
English	2,520	1,310	1,215	2.8	2.9	2.6
French	85,395	42,280	43,115	93.4	93.2	93.6
Non-official languages	1,875	985	890	2.1	2.2	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,875	985	890	2.1	2.2	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	120	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,210	635	580	1.3	1.4	1.3
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	870	455	415	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	780	405	370	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,630	780	845	1.8	1.7	1.8
English and French	985	485	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	495	225	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	91,420	45,350	46,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,140	42,600	43,540	94.2	93.9	94.5
English	2,620	1,395	1,220	2.9	3.1	2.6
French	1,270	645	625	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official language	835	430	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	835	430	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	245	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	90,200	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	89,895	44,690	45,205	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	35,430	19,135	16,285	39.3	42.7	35.9
French	89,165	44,330	44,830	98.9	98.9	98.8
Non-official languages	6,280	3,165	3,120	7.0	7.1	6.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,275	3,165	3,110	7.0	7.1	6.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	395	270	0.7	0.9	0.6
Berber languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	625	370	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	620	360	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	190	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,600	2,210	2,385	5.1	4.9	5.3
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	165	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	165	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	220	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	185	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	310	175	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	150	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dari	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,645	1,710	1,935	4.0	3.8	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	130	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,205	1,490	1,720	3.6	3.3	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	485	240	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	90,205	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,695	765	925	1.9	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,520	685	835	1.7	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,150	525	625	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	360	155	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	88,510	44,065	44,440	98.1	98.3	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	90,205	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	250	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,955	44,735	45,220	99.7	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,105	...	...	60.4	...	...
Renter	16,460	...	...	39.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,520	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not condominium	38,045	...	...	91.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,095	...	...	12.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,680	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,205	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,330	...	...	17.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,685	...	...	35.3	...	...
5 rooms	7,590	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	4,915	...	...	11.8	...	...
7 rooms	4,690	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,680	...	...	23.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,300	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,660	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	905	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,780	...	...	18.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,985	...	...	26.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,730	...	...	16.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,520	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,800	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,080	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,540	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,140	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,610	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,950	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,765	...	...	54.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,045	...	...	43.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	750	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,155	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,015	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,585	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,375	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,345	...	...	22.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,930	...	...	19.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,020	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,140	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,365	...	...	85.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,830	...	...	14.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,500	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,295	...	...	20.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,490	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not suitable only	800	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,605	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,275	...	...	80.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,440	...	...	3.5	...	...
Not in core need	39,420	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,865	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	...	...	62.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,044	...	...	1,044	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	308,800	...	...	308,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,420	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	758	...	...	758	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	90,205	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,750	815	935	1.9	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,740	815	930	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,535	715	820	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis single ancestry	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,935	910	1,030	2.1	2.0	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,910	895	1,010	2.1	2.0	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,730	825	910	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	86,510	43,100	43,405	95.9	96.1	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	90,200	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,195	43,785	44,405	97.8	97.7	97.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,380	8,940	8,440	19.3	19.9	18.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,815	34,845	35,965	78.5	77.7	79.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,010	1,045	960	2.2	2.3	2.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	90,200	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,400	42,330	43,070	94.7	94.4	94.9
Immigrants⁸¹	4,215	2,175	2,040	4.7	4.9	4.5
Before 1980	670	355	315	0.7	0.8	0.7
1980 to 1990	290	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	435	205	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,250	640	610	1.4	1.4	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,560	815	750	1.7	1.8	1.7
2011 to 2015	670	305	365	0.7	0.7	0.8
2016 to 2021	895	510	385	1.0	1.1	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	585	325	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,215	2,175	2,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	495	235	260	11.7	10.8	12.8
5 to 14 years	760	410	355	18.0	18.9	17.4
15 to 24 years	800	430	370	19.0	19.8	18.2
25 to 44 years	1,810	940	870	42.9	43.2	42.8
45 years and over	345	155	185	8.2	7.1	9.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,215	2,175	2,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,255	610	640	29.8	28.0	31.4
Brazil	45	15	25	1.1	0.7	1.2
Colombia	565	260	305	13.4	12.0	15.0
El Salvador	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	90	60	25	2.1	2.8	1.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	25	50	1.8	1.1	2.5
Peru	20	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	190	105	85	4.5	4.8	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	220	110	110	5.2	5.1	5.4
Europe	1,365	705	660	32.4	32.4	32.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	40	55	2.3	1.8	2.7
Croatia	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
France	650	350	300	15.4	16.1	14.7
Germany	60	35	20	1.4	1.6	1.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	35	30	1.4	1.6	1.5
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Poland	50	30	15	1.2	1.4	0.7
Portugal	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Romania	80	45	40	1.9	2.1	2.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	260	120	135	6.2	5.5	6.6
Africa	965	520	450	22.9	23.9	22.1
Algeria	135	80	60	3.2	3.7	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	250	125	130	5.9	5.7	6.4
Egypt	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	125	75	50	3.0	3.4	2.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	430	240	190	10.2	11.0	9.3
Asia	630	340	290	14.9	15.6	14.3
Afghanistan	150	80	70	3.6	3.7	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	40	15	1.3	1.8	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	120	70	45	2.8	3.2	2.2
Turkey	50	20	25	1.2	0.9	1.2
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	0.8	0.7	0.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
Viet Nam	50	30	20	1.2	1.4	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	1.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	90	40	45	2.1	1.8	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	895	510	385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	140	80	60	15.6	15.7	15.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	70	35	30	7.8	6.9	7.8
Haiti	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	15	4.5	4.9	3.9
Europe	150	85	60	16.8	16.7	15.6
France	125	70	55	14.0	13.7	14.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	0	2.2	2.0	0.0
Africa	415	230	180	46.4	45.1	46.8
Algeria	40	15	25	4.5	2.9	6.5
Burundi	25	15	10	2.8	2.9	2.6
Cameroon	30	15	15	3.4	2.9	3.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	75	55	14.0	14.7	14.3
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	3.9	2.9	5.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	15	10	3.4	2.9	2.6
Other places of birth in Africa	110	70	35	12.3	13.7	9.1
Asia	195	115	85	21.8	22.5	22.1
Afghanistan	35	25	15	3.9	4.9	3.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.7	2.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.6
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	65	45	12.8	12.7	11.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	90,200	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,210	2,700	2,510	5.8	6.0	5.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,870	2,030	1,840	4.3	4.5	4.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	81,115	40,100	41,025	89.9	89.4	90.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,540	1,820	1,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,230	695	530	34.7	38.2	30.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	595	395	195	16.8	21.7	11.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	635	300	335	17.9	16.5	19.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	810	375	435	22.9	20.6	25.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,490	745	750	42.1	40.9	43.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,540	1,820	1,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	170	95	75	4.8	5.2	4.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	255	165	90	7.2	9.1	5.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	40	35	2.1	2.2	2.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	15	25	1.0	0.8	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,980	1,485	1,495	84.2	81.6	86.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	90,205	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,975	2,000	1,975	4.4	4.5	4.4
South Asian	100	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	150	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	1,270	650	625	1.4	1.4	1.4
Filipino	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	575	330	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	1,190	555	635	1.3	1.2	1.4
Southeast Asian	195	115	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	305	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	86,230	42,835	43,395	95.6	95.5	95.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	90,200	44,830	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,320	17,920	18,395	40.3	40.0	40.5
English	1,485	635	845	1.6	1.4	1.9
Irish	4,255	1,980	2,280	4.7	4.4	5.0
Scottish	1,260	610	650	1.4	1.4	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,535	10,785	10,750	23.9	24.1	23.7
German	1,075	610	470	1.2	1.4	1.0
Chinese	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	1,115	555	560	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	130	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	110	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	415	230	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
Québécois	13,070	6,445	6,620	14.5	14.4	14.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	255	110	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Filipino	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	7,810	3,935	3,880	8.7	8.8	8.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,550	745	810	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,695	775	920	1.9	1.7	2.0
Métis	365	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,240	660	580	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Norwegian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	495	255	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Spanish	460	210	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	645	300	345	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	290	160	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	170	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iranian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	945	450	505	1.0	1.0	1.1
Danish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	295	110	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belgian	575	310	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	260	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	285	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	600	290	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	125	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	310	165	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	250	105	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	90,205	44,835	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	61,500	29,665	31,835	68.2	66.2	70.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,935	2,005	1,930	4.4	4.5	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	245	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baptist	350	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	54,705	26,365	28,340	60.6	58.8	62.5
Christian Orthodox	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	255	90	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	525	245	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,120	515	605	1.2	1.1	1.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,175	630	545	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	27,220	14,375	12,840	30.2	32.1	28.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	89,345	44,385	44,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,100	38,950	39,150	87.4	87.8	87.1
Movers	11,245	5,435	5,810	12.6	12.2	12.9
Non-migrants	6,410	3,005	3,410	7.2	6.8	7.6
Migrants	4,835	2,435	2,400	5.4	5.5	5.3
Internal migrants	4,640	2,335	2,300	5.2	5.3	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,510	2,245	2,265	5.0	5.1	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	85,745	42,550	43,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,415	25,330	25,085	58.8	59.5	58.1
Movers	35,325	17,220	18,110	41.2	40.5	41.9
Non-migrants	16,115	7,710	8,405	18.8	18.1	19.5
Migrants	19,210	9,505	9,705	22.4	22.3	22.5
Internal migrants	18,125	8,915	9,210	21.1	21.0	21.3
Intraprovincial migrants	17,810	8,730	9,080	20.8	20.5	21.0
Interprovincial migrants	320	185	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
External migrants	1,085	595	495	1.3	1.4	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,130	36,990	38,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,640	10,810	8,830	26.1	29.2	23.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,490	26,180	29,310	73.9	70.8	76.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,575	23,445	23,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,155	5,620	3,540	19.7	24.0	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,415	17,830	19,585	80.3	76.1	84.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,125	36,990	38,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,365	9,195	8,170	23.1	24.9	21.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,420	9,040	10,385	25.9	24.4	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,340	18,760	19,580	51.0	50.7	51.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,190	14,265	13,920	37.5	38.6	36.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,495	8,290	5,205	18.0	22.4	13.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,695	5,300	4,390	12.9	14.3	11.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,805	2,995	810	5.1	8.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,405	5,020	7,385	16.5	13.6	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,285	955	1,340	3.0	2.6	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,155	4,490	5,665	13.5	12.1	14.9
Bachelor's degree	6,755	2,870	3,890	9.0	7.8	10.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	965	460	505	1.3	1.2	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	155	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,870	895	975	2.5	2.4	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	110	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,575	23,445	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,590	4,515	3,075	16.3	19.3	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,635	5,330	5,300	22.8	22.7	22.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,345	13,595	14,755	60.9	58.0	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,515	10,355	10,155	44.0	44.2	43.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,275	6,205	4,075	22.1	26.5	17.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,505	4,030	3,475	16.1	17.2	15.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,765	2,170	600	5.9	9.3	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,825	3,555	5,270	18.9	15.2	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	595	810	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,835	3,240	4,595	16.8	13.8	19.9
Bachelor's degree	5,225	2,140	3,085	11.2	9.1	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	735	320	420	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	90	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,440	605	840	3.1	2.6	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,125	36,990	38,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,785	18,235	18,555	49.0	49.3	48.7
Education	3,200	665	2,535	4.3	1.8	6.6
13. Education	3,200	665	2,535	4.3	1.8	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,090	525	570	1.5	1.4	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	125	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	935	395	535	1.2	1.1	1.4
Humanities	1,795	665	1,125	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,060	360	695	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	140	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	65	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,725	735	1,995	3.6	2.0	5.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	120	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	890	65	825	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	430	150	285	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	470	125	345	0.6	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	505	245	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Business, management and public administration	8,335	2,845	5,495	11.1	7.7	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	470	95	375	0.6	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,855	2,745	5,115	10.5	7.4	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	935	470	470	1.2	1.3	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	120	255	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	195	125	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,010	640	370	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	855	595	265	1.1	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,920	9,165	755	13.2	24.8	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	165	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,145	995	150	1.5	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,090	1,805	285	2.8	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,245	2,200	50	3.0	5.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,055	1,990	65	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	2,220	2,090	130	3.0	5.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,090	575	520	1.5	1.6	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	940	495	445	1.3	1.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	4,970	930	4,040	6.6	2.5	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	185	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,555	700	3,855	6.1	1.9	10.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,260	1,555	1,705	4.3	4.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,940	450	1,485	2.6	1.2	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	590	460	130	0.8	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	725	635	95	1.0	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,570	23,445	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,225	9,850	8,375	39.1	42.0	36.2
Education	2,035	380	1,660	4.4	1.6	7.2
13. Education	2,035	380	1,660	4.4	1.6	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	795	370	425	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	90	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	680	285	395	1.5	1.2	1.7
Humanities	1,145	455	690	2.5	1.9	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	30	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	275	390	1.4	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	105	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	30	105	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,010	425	1,585	4.3	1.8	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	90	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	10	710	1.5	0.0	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	310	80	230	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	350	65	290	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	355	170	185	0.8	0.7	0.8
Business, management and public administration	6,270	1,990	4,280	13.5	8.5	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	55	305	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,905	1,930	3,975	12.7	8.2	17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	605	280	330	1.3	1.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	110	200	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	150	90	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	805	535	270	1.7	2.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	700	500	200	1.5	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,515	6,865	655	16.1	29.3	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	970	830	140	2.1	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,555	1,310	245	3.3	5.6	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,635	1,600	40	3.5	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,500	1,440	60	3.2	6.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,735	1,620	120	3.7	6.9	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	445	450	1.9	1.9	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	780	395	385	1.7	1.7	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Health and related fields	3,750	700	3,055	8.1	3.0	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	135	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,425	525	2,900	7.4	2.2	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,510	1,150	1,360	5.4	4.9	5.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,505	330	1,175	3.2	1.4	5.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	445	345	95	1.0	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	550	465	80	1.2	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,570	23,445	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,225	9,850	8,375	39.1	42.0	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	28,345	13,595	14,750	60.9	58.0	63.8
Location of study inside Canada	26,985	12,780	14,200	57.9	54.5	61.4
Same as province or territory of residence	26,615	12,570	14,045	57.2	53.6	60.7
Different than province or territory of residence	370	210	155	0.8	0.9	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,365	815	550	2.9	3.5	2.4
Americas	400	220	180	0.9	0.9	0.8
United States of America	105	75	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	610	380	230	1.3	1.6	1.0
Belgium	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	400	245	150	0.9	1.0	0.6
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	265	165	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	75,125	36,990	38,135	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,390	24,280	22,110	...	...	...
Employed	43,865	22,925	20,940	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,525	1,360	1,170	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,735	12,710	16,025	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.8	65.6	58.0	61.8	65.6	58.0
Employment rate	58.4	62.0	54.9	58.4	62.0	54.9
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.6	5.3	5.4	5.6	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	75,125	36,990	38,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,695	12,095	15,605	36.9	32.7	40.9
Worked	47,430	24,890	22,535	63.1	67.3	59.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,945	13,965	10,980	33.2	37.8	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,480	10,925	11,555	29.9	29.5	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	41.0	41.8	42.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,395	24,285	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	310	365	1.5	1.3	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,715	23,970	21,750	98.5	98.7	98.4
Employee	39,825	20,565	19,255	85.8	84.7	87.1
Permanent position	34,455	18,110	16,340	74.3	74.6	73.9
Temporary position	5,365	2,450	2,920	11.6	10.1	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,700	665	1,035	3.7	2.7	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,665	1,785	1,880	7.9	7.4	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,895	3,405	2,495	12.7	14.0	11.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,395	24,285	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	310	365	1.5	1.3	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,715	23,970	21,750	98.5	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	665	530	130	1.4	2.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,630	2,060	4,565	14.3	8.5	20.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,880	2,160	720	6.2	8.9	3.3
3 Health occupations	3,465	635	2,830	7.5	2.6	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,790	1,190	3,600	10.3	4.9	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,045	505	535	2.3	2.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,820	5,050	6,770	25.5	20.8	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,675	7,960	715	18.7	32.8	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,190	880	315	2.6	3.6	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,575	2,995	1,570	9.9	12.3	7.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,395	24,285	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	675	310	365	1.5	1.3	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	45,715	23,970	21,750	98.5	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,175	710	465	2.5	2.9	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	80	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	200	170	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	3,220	2,825	395	6.9	11.6	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	9,565	6,585	2,975	20.6	27.1	13.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,740	1,150	585	3.8	4.7	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	5,950	2,840	3,110	12.8	11.7	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,615	1,220	390	3.5	5.0	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	385	225	160	0.8	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	1,485	505	985	3.2	2.1	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445	250	200	1.0	1.0	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,180	1,155	1,015	4.7	4.8	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,755	1,125	630	3.8	4.6	2.8
61 Educational services	2,850	705	2,145	6.1	2.9	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	5,865	960	4,910	12.6	4.0	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	480	400	1.9	2.0	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,625	1,005	1,620	5.7	4.1	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,115	1,080	1,030	4.6	4.4	4.7
91 Public administration	1,560	880	675	3.4	3.6	3.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,150	26,230	23,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	860	550	315	1.7	2.1	1.3
French	40,720	20,945	19,775	81.2	79.9	82.7
Non-official language	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,220	4,575	3,645	16.4	17.4	15.2
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	130	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,150	26,230	23,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,055	25,585	23,470	97.8	97.5	98.1
Official languages	48,975	25,540	23,435	97.7	97.4	98.0
English	1,640	980	660	3.3	3.7	2.8
French	47,340	24,560	22,780	94.4	93.6	95.2
Non-official languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,090	645	445	2.2	2.5	1.9
English and French	1,035	615	420	2.1	2.3	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,150	26,230	23,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,680	22,130	20,550	85.1	84.4	85.9
English	6,455	3,560	2,890	12.9	13.6	12.1
French	800	440	360	1.6	1.7	1.5
Non-official language	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,865	22,925	20,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,010	2,795	3,225	13.7	12.2	15.4
Worked outside Canada	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,460	3,320	1,145	10.2	14.5	5.5
Usual place of work	33,370	16,795	16,575	76.1	73.3	79.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,370	16,795	16,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,105	8,475	9,630	54.3	50.5	58.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,975	2,435	2,540	14.9	14.5	15.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,250	5,855	4,395	30.7	34.9	26.5
Commute to a different province or territory	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,830	20,110	17,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,125	18,685	16,430	92.8	92.9	92.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,190	17,910	15,285	87.7	89.1	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,925	780	1,150	5.1	3.9	6.5
Public transit	285	100	190	0.8	0.5	1.1
Walked	1,700	885	815	4.5	4.4	4.6
Bicycle	295	250	50	0.8	1.2	0.3
Other method	425	190	240	1.1	0.9	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,830	20,110	17,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,270	8,390	8,875	45.7	41.7	50.1
15 to 29 minutes	12,470	6,455	6,015	33.0	32.1	34.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,460	2,705	1,755	11.8	13.5	9.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,780	1,160	615	4.7	5.8	3.5
60 minutes and over	1,855	1,405	455	4.9	7.0	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,830	20,110	17,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,345	1,880	465	6.2	9.3	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,140	4,885	2,255	18.9	24.3	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,095	5,995	6,105	32.0	29.8	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,900	2,680	4,220	18.2	13.3	23.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,320	1,320	2,000	8.8	6.6	11.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,030	3,355	2,675	15.9	16.7	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,275	9,400	8,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,450	1,270	1,180	13.4	13.5	13.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,825	8,130	7,695	86.6	86.5	86.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,470	6,905	6,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,870	985	880	13.9	14.3	13.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,330	675	650	9.9	9.8	9.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	540	310	230	4.0	4.5	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,600	5,920	5,680	86.1	85.7	86.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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