Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	L'Assomption, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	128,087	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	124,759	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,508	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,578	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	502.0	...	...	502.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	255.16	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	128,085	62,495	65,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,790	12,265	11,525	18.6	19.6	17.6
0 to 4 years	6,635	3,495	3,145	5.2	5.6	4.8
5 to 9 years	8,270	4,235	4,035	6.5	6.8	6.2
10 to 14 years	8,890	4,540	4,350	6.9	7.3	6.6
15 to 64 years	79,150	38,770	40,375	61.8	62.0	61.6
15 to 19 years	7,065	3,615	3,450	5.5	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	6,145	3,165	2,980	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	6,480	3,285	3,195	5.1	5.3	4.9
30 to 34 years	7,010	3,315	3,690	5.5	5.3	5.6
35 to 39 years	8,000	3,755	4,245	6.2	6.0	6.5
40 to 44 years	8,850	4,225	4,625	6.9	6.8	7.1
45 to 49 years	8,245	4,105	4,140	6.4	6.6	6.3
50 to 54 years	8,130	3,925	4,210	6.3	6.3	6.4
55 to 59 years	9,480	4,640	4,835	7.4	7.4	7.4
60 to 64 years	9,745	4,745	5,000	7.6	7.6	7.6
65 years and over	25,150	11,455	13,690	19.6	18.3	20.9
65 to 69 years	8,040	3,790	4,250	6.3	6.1	6.5
70 to 74 years	6,660	3,080	3,580	5.2	4.9	5.5
75 to 79 years	4,890	2,335	2,555	3.8	3.7	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,800	1,235	1,570	2.2	2.0	2.4
85 years and over	2,755	1,020	1,735	2.2	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,765	675	1,090	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	810	300	505	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	165	40	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	19.6	17.6	18.6	19.6	17.6
15 to 64 years	61.8	62.0	61.6	61.8	62.0	61.6
65 years and over	19.6	18.3	20.9	19.6	18.3	20.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.6	2.2	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	42.1	41.1	43.0	42.1	41.1	43.0
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,850	...	...	57.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,640	...	...	7.1	...	...
Row house	985	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,640	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,865	...	...	26.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,245	...	...	2.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,705	...	...	26.6	...	...
2 persons	18,620	...	...	36.1	...	...
3 persons	7,800	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	7,225	...	...	14.0	...	...
5 or more persons	4,225	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	126,430	61,915	64,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,295	50,225	54,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	62,990	31,425	31,565	60.4	62.6	58.4
Married	35,705	17,805	17,900	34.2	35.5	33.1
Living common-law	27,290	13,625	13,665	26.2	27.1	25.3
Living common law - Never married	21,730	10,795	10,935	20.8	21.5	20.2
Living common law - Separated	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,660	2,415	2,250	4.5	4.8	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	655	300	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	41,300	18,800	22,505	39.6	37.4	41.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,045	14,575	13,465	26.9	29.0	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,295	530	765	1.2	1.1	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,565	2,350	4,220	6.3	4.7	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,400	1,340	4,055	5.2	2.7	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,220	...	...	51.6	...	...
3 persons	7,655	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	7,025	...	...	18.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,350	...	...	9.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,010	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	17,375	...	...	46.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,845	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	9,535	...	...	25.6	...	...
Common-law couples	13,635	...	...	36.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,490	...	...	20.1	...	...
Without children	6,145	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,240	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,610	...	...	12.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,630	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	126,430	61,915	64,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	107,450	53,350	54,100	85.0	86.2	83.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	62,020	30,965	31,060	49.1	50.0	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	6,240	1,635	4,605	4.9	2.6	7.1
Children⁶	39,185	20,745	18,435	31.0	33.5	28.6
In a two-parent family	29,320	15,520	13,800	23.2	25.1	21.4
In a one-parent family	9,865	5,230	4,630	7.8	8.4	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,985	8,565	10,420	15.0	13.8	16.2
Living alone	13,705	5,995	7,715	10.8	9.7	12.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,775	1,145	1,635	2.2	1.8	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,500	1,425	1,075	2.0	2.3	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,960	...	...	65.8	...	...
Couple-family households	28,780	...	...	55.8	...	...
With children⁶	14,135	...	...	27.4	...	...
Without children	14,645	...	...	28.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,180	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,190	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,275	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,250	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	13,705	...	...	26.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,650	49,650	53,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,960	48,365	51,600	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,800	39,600	44,800	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,010	48,385	51,625	97.4	97.5	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	35,200	39,200	43,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,865	45,535	46,330	89.5	91.7	87.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,000	29,800	36,800	44,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,540	37,605	35,935	71.6	75.7	67.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	34,400	40,000	46,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,175	37,385	44,785	80.1	75.3	84.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	9,900	12,400	11,500	9,900	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,420	6,525	5,895	12.1	13.1	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,430	14,910	13,520	27.7	30.0	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,050	48,420	51,630	97.5	97.5	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,050	59,400	45,200	52,050	59,400	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,100	48,450	51,650	97.5	97.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	47,680	38,440	42,920	47,680	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,850	45,415	46,435	89.5	91.5	87.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	54,000	37,280	45,560	54,000	37,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,540	37,725	35,810	71.6	76.0	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	52,950	40,040	46,680	52,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,125	37,345	44,785	80.0	75.2	84.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,490	11,360	13,440	12,490	11,360	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,685	6,630	6,055	12.4	13.4	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	6,005	7,910	6,910	6,005	7,910
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,265	14,830	13,440	27.5	29.9	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,750	7,330	8,200	7,750	7,330	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,270	19,560	16,710	35.3	39.4	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	67,500	54,400	61,200	67,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900	74,700	59,900	67,900	74,700	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,235	13,805	15,435	28.5	27.8	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,000	18,000	20,600	25,000	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,640	34,880	24,960	29,640	34,880	24,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.4	85.2	74.2	80.4	85.2	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.4	61.4	65.8	69.4	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.7	14.8	25.8	19.7	14.8	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.2	5.7	4.9	4.2	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.8	4.7	4.2	3.8	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,650	49,650	53,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,685	1,285	1,395	2.6	2.6	2.6
With total income	99,965	48,360	51,600	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,075	2,445	3,630	6.1	5.1	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,200	3,745	6,450	10.2	7.7	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	15,085	6,110	8,975	15.1	12.6	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,640	5,510	7,135	12.6	11.4	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,790	5,960	6,825	12.8	12.3	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,115	5,510	5,600	11.1	11.4	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,505	4,530	3,975	8.5	9.4	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,600	3,860	2,735	6.6	8.0	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,095	2,940	2,160	5.1	6.1	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,570	2,080	1,490	3.6	4.3	2.9
$100,000 and over	8,285	5,660	2,625	8.3	11.7	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	6,225	4,115	2,110	6.2	8.5	4.1
$150,000 and over	2,065	1,550	515	2.1	3.2	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,650	49,650	53,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,640	1,265	1,375	2.6	2.5	2.6
With after-tax income	100,010	48,390	51,625	97.4	97.5	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,680	2,585	4,090	6.7	5.3	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,900	4,045	6,850	10.9	8.4	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,690	7,300	10,385	17.7	15.1	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,255	7,615	8,640	16.3	15.7	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	15,585	7,755	7,830	15.6	16.0	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,660	6,300	5,360	11.7	13.0	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,555	4,855	3,695	8.6	10.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,165	2,930	2,235	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	1,825	1,145	3.0	3.8	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,635	1,080	560	1.6	2.2	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,925	2,090	830	2.9	4.3	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,720	1,185	540	1.7	2.4	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,210	910	295	1.2	1.9	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,650	49,650	53,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,105	12,045	17,060	28.4	24.3	32.2
With employment income	73,540	37,605	35,935	71.6	75.7	67.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,030	4,745	4,285	12.3	12.6	11.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,395	2,235	3,165	7.3	5.9	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,270	3,435	4,835	11.2	9.1	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	7,085	3,050	4,030	9.6	8.1	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,110	3,255	3,850	9.7	8.7	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,460	3,400	4,060	10.1	9.0	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,475	3,315	3,155	8.8	8.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,450	3,175	2,275	7.4	8.4	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,545	2,745	1,800	6.2	7.3	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,125	2,330	1,795	5.6	6.2	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,410	1,535	875	3.3	4.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,185	4,380	1,805	8.4	11.6	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,370	2,285	1,085	4.6	6.1	3.0
$125,000 and over	2,810	2,095	715	3.8	5.6	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,650	49,650	53,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,020	47,395	50,625	95.5	95.5	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	42,800	50,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,080	47,405	50,680	95.5	95.5	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	32,800	37,600	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,365	44,930	45,440	88.0	90.5	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	30,800	38,000	46,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,735	37,725	36,010	71.8	76.0	67.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	34,000	40,000	47,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,710	32,255	41,460	71.8	65.0	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	6,450	9,500	8,500	6,450	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,430	6,105	5,315	11.1	12.3	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,080	5,040	4,480	4,080	5,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,195	47,560	50,635	95.7	95.8	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,040	58,450	42,160	50,040	58,450	42,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,230	47,560	50,670	95.7	95.8	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,560	35,760	41,000	46,560	35,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,445	44,990	45,450	88.1	90.6	85.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,280	55,550	37,080	46,280	55,550	37,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,860	37,970	35,890	72.0	76.5	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,960	54,400	39,080	46,960	54,400	39,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,640	32,045	41,600	71.7	64.5	78.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,720	10,800	9,900	8,720	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,460	6,060	5,400	11.2	12.2	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,730	5,130	8,530	6,730	5,130	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,180	19,545	16,635	35.2	39.4	31.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	66,000	49,600	58,000	66,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,400	72,500	54,750	64,400	72,500	54,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,695	13,250	14,445	27.0	26.7	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	32,400	22,600	26,400	32,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,680	41,440	28,480	34,680	41,440	28,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	90.0	79.0	85.2	90.0	79.0
Employment income (%)	70.6	74.4	65.8	70.6	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)	14.8	10.1	21.0	14.8	10.1	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,600	...	...	50,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,280	...	...	42,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	545	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,985	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,400	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,830	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,020	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,090	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,945	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,745	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,405	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,235	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,665	...	...	42.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,005	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,150	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,885	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,625	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,145	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,900	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,755	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,435	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,515	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,440	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,735	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,465	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,300	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,005	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,700	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,855	...	...	30.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,020	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,345	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,485	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,210	7,420	8,785	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	47,200	37,600	42,000	47,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,400	34,000	36,800	40,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,400	...	...	119,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,200	...	...	98,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,900	...	...	71,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,205	7,395	8,815	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,720	54,550	43,840	48,720	54,550	43,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	44,480	37,840	40,880	44,480	37,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	126,435	61,915	64,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,170	14,505	13,665	22.3	23.4	21.2
0 to 5 years	8,145	4,260	3,885	6.4	6.9	6.0
18 to 64 years	74,645	36,470	38,180	59.0	58.9	59.2
65 years and over	23,615	10,940	12,670	18.7	17.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,500	3,475	5,025	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,600	795	805	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	500	255	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,755	1,665	2,090	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,145	1,015	2,130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.7	5.6	7.8	6.7	5.6	7.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.5	5.9	5.7	5.5	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.0	6.5	6.2	6.0	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	4.6	5.5	5.0	4.6	5.5
65 years and over (%)	13.3	9.3	16.8	13.3	9.3	16.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	126,430	61,915	64,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,170	14,500	13,670	22.3	23.4	21.2
0 to 5 years	8,145	4,255	3,885	6.4	6.9	6.0
18 to 64 years	74,645	36,470	38,180	59.0	58.9	59.2
65 years and over	23,615	10,945	12,670	18.7	17.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,235	1,465	1,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	505	250	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	75	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,045	1,000	1,040	...	...	...
65 years and over	680	215	470	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	2.9	2.0	3.7	2.9	2.0	3.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	126,435	61,915	64,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,820	29,140	32,685	48.9	47.1	50.7
In bottom decile	6,890	2,920	3,970	5.4	4.7	6.2
In second decile	10,895	4,865	6,035	8.6	7.9	9.4
In third decile	13,275	6,325	6,955	10.5	10.2	10.8
In fourth decile	14,980	7,235	7,745	11.8	11.7	12.0
In fifth decile	15,775	7,795	7,985	12.5	12.6	12.4
In top half of the distribution	64,615	32,780	31,835	51.1	52.9	49.3
In sixth decile	16,605	8,295	8,315	13.1	13.4	12.9
In seventh decile	15,620	7,885	7,740	12.4	12.7	12.0
In eighth decile	14,125	7,215	6,915	11.2	11.7	10.7
In ninth decile	11,230	5,795	5,435	8.9	9.4	8.4
In top decile	7,030	3,590	3,435	5.6	5.8	5.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	126,430	...	...	126,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.384	...	...	0.384	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233	...	...	0.233	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	127,440	62,240	65,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	435	230	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	73,905	33,575	40,325	58.0	53.9	61.8
English and French	52,780	28,330	24,455	41.4	45.5	37.5
Neither English nor French	325	105	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	127,440	62,240	65,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,745	1,375	1,365	2.2	2.2	2.1
French	122,510	59,760	62,755	96.1	96.0	96.3
English and French	1,880	1,005	875	1.5	1.6	1.3
Neither English nor French	305	100	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	127,440	62,240	65,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,365	60,710	63,655	97.6	97.5	97.6
Official languages	114,600	55,950	58,645	89.9	89.9	89.9
English	1,855	925	935	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	112,740	55,025	57,715	88.5	88.4	88.5
Non-official languages	9,765	4,765	5,005	7.7	7.7	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,760	4,760	5,000	7.7	7.6	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,655	1,375	1,275	2.1	2.2	2.0
Berber languages	705	365	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kabyle	660	345	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tamazight	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,940	1,005	940	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,940	1,005	935	1.5	1.6	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,010	885	1,125	1.6	1.4	1.7
Haitian Creole	1,720	760	955	1.3	1.2	1.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	275	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,170	2,095	2,080	3.3	3.4	3.2
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,620	1,820	1,795	2.8	2.9	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	580	325	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	305	165	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	2,350	1,145	1,200	1.8	1.8	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	400	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,080	1,530	1,545	2.4	2.5	2.4
English and French	1,090	570	520	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,605	770	835	1.3	1.2	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	127,440	62,240	65,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,175	585	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	110,615	53,920	56,700	86.8	86.6	87.0
Non-official language	1,785	825	960	1.4	1.3	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,775	825	955	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	4,500	2,400	2,095	3.5	3.9	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	6,650	3,170	3,480	5.2	5.1	5.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,450	1,205	1,250	1.9	1.9	1.9
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	127,440	62,240	65,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,015	60,580	63,440	97.3	97.3	97.3
Official languages	120,210	58,765	61,445	94.3	94.4	94.2
English	2,040	1,020	1,015	1.6	1.6	1.6
French	118,175	57,745	60,430	92.7	92.8	92.7
Non-official languages	3,810	1,810	1,995	3.0	2.9	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,805	1,810	1,995	3.0	2.9	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	955	460	490	0.7	0.7	0.8
Berber languages	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	685	330	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	685	330	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	640	250	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian Creole	560	215	340	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,845	915	925	1.4	1.5	1.4
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,605	810	795	1.3	1.3	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,275	640	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,425	1,660	1,760	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	1,130	575	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,855	880	975	1.5	1.4	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	310	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	127,440	62,240	65,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	116,345	56,685	59,660	91.3	91.1	91.5
English	3,330	1,790	1,540	2.6	2.9	2.4
French	2,135	1,035	1,100	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official language	3,790	1,815	1,980	3.0	2.9	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,785	1,810	1,975	3.0	2.9	3.0
English and French	300	155	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,090	535	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	126,430	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	126,105	61,815	64,290	99.7	99.9	99.6
English	53,070	28,720	24,355	42.0	46.4	37.7
French	125,675	61,590	64,090	99.4	99.5	99.3
Non-official languages	18,720	8,895	9,825	14.8	14.4	15.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,695	8,890	9,805	14.8	14.4	15.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,510	2,280	2,230	3.6	3.7	3.5
Berber languages	1,165	620	545	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kabyle	1,080	570	510	0.9	0.9	0.8
Tamazight	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,900	1,960	1,940	3.1	3.2	3.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,885	1,945	1,935	3.1	3.1	3.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	4,525	2,060	2,460	3.6	3.3	3.8
Haitian Creole	4,375	2,000	2,380	3.5	3.2	3.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	385	145	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,280	3,970	4,310	6.5	6.4	6.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	200	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	430	200	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	220	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,440	3,540	3,895	5.9	5.7	6.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,435	770	665	1.1	1.2	1.0
Portuguese	490	280	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	365	215	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Spanish	5,485	2,455	3,030	4.3	4.0	4.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,030	465	565	0.8	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	415	190	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,435	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,670	805	865	1.3	1.3	1.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,570	740	830	1.2	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	960	435	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	605	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	124,765	61,100	63,670	98.7	98.7	98.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	126,435	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	126,175	61,755	64,415	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,340	...	...	74.3	...	...
Renter	13,235	...	...	25.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,850	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not condominium	43,725	...	...	84.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,690	...	...	9.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,455	...	...	30.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,635	...	...	34.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,650	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,355	...	...	27.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,885	...	...	13.3	...	...
6 rooms	6,075	...	...	11.8	...	...
7 rooms	7,160	...	...	13.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,105	...	...	33.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,250	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	50,270	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,310	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,585	...	...	8.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,645	...	...	28.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,990	...	...	21.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,160	...	...	13.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,860	...	...	7.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,135	...	...	10.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,205	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,000	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,175	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,400	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,210	...	...	48.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,105	...	...	48.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,265	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	705	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,835	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,345	...	...	18.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,650	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,235	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,800	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,705	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,310	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,430	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,010	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,580	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,130	...	...	19.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,545	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,095	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,910	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,450	...	...	80.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,630	...	...	5.2	...	...
Not in core need	48,375	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.5	...	...	68.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,288	...	...	1,288	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	353,600	...	...	353,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,235	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.4	...	...	26.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	942	...	...	942	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	126,435	61,900	64,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,585	765	820	1.3	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,570	760	805	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,385	665	725	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis single ancestry	180	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,515	1,200	1,315	2.0	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,505	1,195	1,310	2.0	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,340	1,115	1,225	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	122,325	59,935	62,395	96.7	96.8	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	126,430	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	124,170	60,830	63,340	98.2	98.3	98.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,765	14,285	13,475	22.0	23.1	20.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	96,400	46,540	49,860	76.2	75.2	77.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,265	1,070	1,195	1.8	1.7	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	126,430	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,285	55,625	57,660	89.6	89.9	89.4
Immigrants⁸¹	12,685	6,035	6,650	10.0	9.7	10.3
Before 1980	1,250	670	585	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	1,330	575	760	1.1	0.9	1.2
1991 to 2000	2,130	1,025	1,105	1.7	1.7	1.7
2001 to 2010	4,685	2,275	2,410	3.7	3.7	3.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,285	1,495	1,790	2.6	2.4	2.8
2011 to 2015	2,325	1,075	1,250	1.8	1.7	1.9
2016 to 2021	960	420	535	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	460	245	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,685	6,035	6,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,300	590	715	10.2	9.8	10.7
5 to 14 years	2,390	1,115	1,270	18.8	18.5	19.1
15 to 24 years	2,295	1,005	1,290	18.1	16.7	19.4
25 to 44 years	6,025	3,050	2,975	47.5	50.5	44.7
45 years and over	675	275	400	5.3	4.6	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,685	6,035	6,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,450	2,475	2,975	43.0	41.0	44.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	265	105	160	2.1	1.7	2.4
El Salvador	165	80	80	1.3	1.3	1.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	3,380	1,500	1,875	26.6	24.9	28.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	215	100	110	1.7	1.7	1.7
Peru	260	125	140	2.0	2.1	2.1
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	270	145	125	2.1	2.4	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	865	405	455	6.8	6.7	6.8
Europe	1,825	930	895	14.4	15.4	13.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	640	330	315	5.0	5.5	4.7
Germany	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greece	65	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	240	130	110	1.9	2.2	1.7
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portugal	150	80	75	1.2	1.3	1.1
Romania	135	75	65	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Europe	370	175	195	2.9	2.9	2.9
Africa	4,620	2,255	2,365	36.4	37.4	35.5
Algeria	1,760	905	860	13.9	15.0	12.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	480	205	270	3.8	3.4	4.1
Egypt	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,190	575	610	9.4	9.5	9.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,155	555	600	9.1	9.2	9.0
Asia	795	375	415	6.3	6.2	6.2
Afghanistan	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	95	55	35	0.7	0.9	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Turkey	75	45	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
China⁹⁰	90	40	55	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	65	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	115	155	2.1	1.9	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	960	420	540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	350	170	180	36.5	40.5	33.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	220	110	110	22.9	26.2	20.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
United States of America	30	20	10	3.1	4.8	1.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	50	9.4	8.3	9.3
Europe	105	60	50	10.9	14.3	9.3
France	65	40	25	6.8	9.5	4.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	0	25	3.6	0.0	4.6
Africa	445	165	275	46.4	39.3	50.9
Algeria	180	75	100	18.8	17.9	18.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	45	10	35	4.7	2.4	6.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	25	55	8.3	6.0	10.2
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	20	2.6	2.4	3.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	10	25	4.2	2.4	4.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	15	2.1	2.4	2.8
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	25	4.2	4.8	4.6
Asia	60	25	35	6.3	6.0	6.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	1.6	2.4	1.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	126,430	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,585	6,455	7,130	10.7	10.4	11.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,435	6,325	6,110	9.8	10.2	9.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	100,410	49,120	51,295	79.4	79.4	79.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,430	5,365	6,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,225	2,720	2,505	45.7	50.7	41.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,315	1,560	755	20.3	29.1	12.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,905	1,160	1,745	25.4	21.6	28.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,950	1,585	2,365	34.6	29.5	39.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,030	950	1,080	17.8	17.7	17.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	230	110	120	2.0	2.1	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,430	5,365	6,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,695	855	835	14.8	15.9	13.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	615	295	320	5.4	5.5	5.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	90	75	1.4	1.7	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	150	95	2.2	2.8	1.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	25	90	1.0	0.5	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,590	3,940	4,650	75.2	73.4	76.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	126,430	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,845	8,555	9,285	14.1	13.8	14.4
South Asian	90	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	345	130	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	10,070	4,785	5,280	8.0	7.7	8.2
Filipino	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	3,765	1,890	1,880	3.0	3.1	2.9
Latin American	2,400	1,175	1,230	1.9	1.9	1.9
Southeast Asian	450	200	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Asian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	335	125	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,590	53,345	55,240	85.9	86.2	85.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	126,430	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	43,565	21,130	22,430	34.5	34.1	34.8
English	1,315	555	755	1.0	0.9	1.2
Irish	4,710	2,250	2,465	3.7	3.6	3.8
Scottish	1,525	770	750	1.2	1.2	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,115	13,065	13,050	20.7	21.1	20.2
German	1,255	605	650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	420	175	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italian	4,665	2,310	2,350	3.7	3.7	3.6
Indian (India)	175	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	535	295	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Québécois	18,565	9,035	9,535	14.7	14.6	14.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	160	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	8,860	4,345	4,515	7.0	7.0	7.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,870	925	940	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,835	905	935	1.5	1.5	1.4
Métis	360	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,065	585	480	0.8	0.9	0.7
Russian	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	855	460	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
American	605	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,020	515	505	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swedish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,345	540	805	1.1	0.9	1.2
Pakistani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,695	820	880	1.3	1.3	1.4
Jewish	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,635	790	840	1.3	1.3	1.3
Greek	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	340	200	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,070	515	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Danish	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	445	195	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	825	430	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
Haitian	6,345	3,030	3,315	5.0	4.9	5.1
Hindu	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	345	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	320	120	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	440	240	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	400	155	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	1,345	620	725	1.1	1.0	1.1
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	305	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,365	675	690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Brazilian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	325	190	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	250	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	520	220	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	395	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber	990	510	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	200	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	200	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	655	340	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	205	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	415	215	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norman	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	126,435	61,900	64,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	300	155	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian	87,710	41,970	45,740	69.4	67.8	70.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,245	4,095	4,150	6.5	6.6	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	65	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baptist	800	400	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catholic	74,705	35,570	39,135	59.1	57.5	60.6
Christian Orthodox	660	355	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	500	205	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	605	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,880	905	970	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	5,565	2,760	2,805	4.4	4.5	4.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	32,560	16,870	15,690	25.8	27.3	24.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	125,320	61,330	63,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,270	55,620	57,650	90.4	90.7	90.1
Movers	12,050	5,710	6,340	9.6	9.3	9.9
Non-migrants	4,890	2,285	2,610	3.9	3.7	4.1
Migrants	7,160	3,430	3,730	5.7	5.6	5.8
Internal migrants	6,975	3,345	3,635	5.6	5.5	5.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,895	3,310	3,585	5.5	5.4	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
External migrants	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	119,800	58,415	61,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,800	37,905	38,900	64.1	64.9	63.4
Movers	42,990	20,510	22,485	35.9	35.1	36.6
Non-migrants	13,295	6,310	6,985	11.1	10.8	11.4
Migrants	29,695	14,195	15,500	24.8	24.3	25.3
Internal migrants	28,730	13,795	14,935	24.0	23.6	24.3
Intraprovincial migrants	28,480	13,665	14,815	23.8	23.4	24.1
Interprovincial migrants	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	965	400	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,595	11,145	9,450	20.1	22.4	17.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,055	38,510	43,545	79.9	77.6	82.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,830	31,795	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,245	5,475	3,770	14.0	17.2	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,585	26,325	30,265	86.0	82.8	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,995	9,335	8,660	17.5	18.8	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,175	11,695	13,485	24.5	23.6	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,480	28,625	30,850	57.9	57.6	58.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	42,775	21,625	21,140	41.7	43.6	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,690	11,890	7,800	19.2	23.9	14.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,755	7,040	6,715	13.4	14.2	12.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,935	4,850	1,085	5.8	9.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,770	8,000	10,775	18.3	16.1	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,305	1,735	2,570	4.2	3.5	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,710	7,000	9,710	16.3	14.1	18.3
Bachelor's degree	12,070	4,850	7,220	11.8	9.8	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,510	670	840	1.5	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	165	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	2,355	1,120	1,235	2.3	2.3	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	365	190	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,830	31,800	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,370	4,240	3,135	11.2	13.3	9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,840	6,340	6,495	19.5	19.9	19.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,620	21,215	24,405	69.3	66.7	71.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,295	15,990	16,305	49.1	50.3	47.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,385	9,025	6,355	23.4	28.4	18.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,805	5,290	5,510	16.4	16.6	16.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,585	3,740	840	7.0	11.8	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,700	5,675	8,020	20.8	17.8	23.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,215	1,285	1,930	4.9	4.0	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,325	5,225	8,095	20.2	16.4	23.8
Bachelor's degree	9,620	3,630	5,995	14.6	11.4	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,175	490	685	1.8	1.5	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	125	220	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,865	835	1,035	2.8	2.6	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	315	155	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	102,645	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,170	21,025	22,145	42.1	42.3	41.8
Education	4,990	1,085	3,905	4.9	2.2	7.4
13. Education	4,990	1,085	3,905	4.9	2.2	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,900	855	1,045	1.9	1.7	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305	255	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,600	595	995	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,500	980	1,520	2.4	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	40	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,630	675	955	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	295	75	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,775	1,330	3,445	4.7	2.7	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	520	175	345	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,285	100	1,195	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,000	330	665	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	825	200	625	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,015	490	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Business, management and public administration	13,620	4,920	8,695	13.3	9.9	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	810	160	650	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,795	4,760	8,035	12.5	9.6	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,740	995	740	1.7	2.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	190	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	185	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	385	220	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
40. Physical sciences	335	255	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	150	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,260	1,615	645	2.2	3.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,915	1,450	470	1.9	2.9	0.9
25. Library science	180	30	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	110	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,475	12,480	990	13.1	25.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,485	1,285	200	1.4	2.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,530	2,235	295	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,065	3,935	130	4.0	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,820	2,735	80	2.7	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	2,225	2,130	95	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	685	370	315	0.7	0.7	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	545	280	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	8,320	1,310	7,010	8.1	2.6	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435	190	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,760	1,085	6,675	7.6	2.2	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,200	2,670	2,535	5.1	5.4	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,570	480	2,090	2.5	1.0	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,495	1,145	355	1.5	2.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,115	1,025	90	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,830	31,795	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,210	10,580	9,630	30.7	33.3	28.3
Education	3,670	730	2,940	5.6	2.3	8.6
13. Education	3,670	730	2,940	5.6	2.3	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	630	845	2.2	2.0	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	175	35	0.3	0.6	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,265	455	810	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	1,520	600	920	2.3	1.9	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	45	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	950	400	550	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	40	135	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,845	935	2,910	5.8	2.9	8.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	130	320	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	65	1,055	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	775	220	560	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	565	100	465	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	840	395	450	1.3	1.2	1.3
Business, management and public administration	10,610	3,590	7,025	16.1	11.3	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	640	100	540	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,960	3,485	6,480	15.1	11.0	19.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	580	445	1.5	1.8	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	160	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	255	175	85	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	205	125	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,815	1,325	490	2.8	4.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,560	1,220	340	2.4	3.8	1.0
25. Library science	145	25	125	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	70	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,225	9,365	865	15.5	29.5	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	270	100	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
14. Engineering	1,205	1,030	180	1.8	3.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,915	1,665	250	2.9	5.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,080	2,965	115	4.7	9.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,100	2,035	65	3.2	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,650	1,570	85	2.5	4.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	270	275	0.8	0.8	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	200	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	6,605	1,020	5,585	10.0	3.2	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	135	225	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,140	860	5,280	9.3	2.7	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,280	2,180	2,105	6.5	6.9	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,070	340	1,730	3.1	1.1	5.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,250	950	300	1.9	3.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	960	885	75	1.5	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,830	31,795	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,210	10,580	9,630	30.7	33.3	28.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,620	21,220	24,400	69.3	66.7	71.7
Location of study inside Canada	42,425	19,605	22,820	64.4	61.7	67.0
Same as province or territory of residence	42,015	19,400	22,610	63.8	61.0	66.4
Different than province or territory of residence	410	200	210	0.6	0.6	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,195	1,615	1,585	4.9	5.1	4.7
Americas	860	425	435	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	355	185	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	705	415	295	1.1	1.3	0.9
Belgium	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	385	215	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,465	705	760	2.2	2.2	2.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	775	395	380	1.2	1.2	1.1
Morocco	315	140	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tunisia	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	265	110	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asia	165	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	102,650	49,655	52,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,140	34,170	32,965	...	...	...
Employed	63,210	32,135	31,080	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,930	2,035	1,895	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,505	15,485	20,030	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.4	68.8	62.2	65.4	68.8	62.2
Employment rate	61.6	64.7	58.6	61.6	64.7	58.6
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.0	5.7	5.9	6.0	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	102,650	49,655	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,255	15,165	20,085	34.3	30.5	37.9
Worked	67,400	34,490	32,905	65.7	69.5	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,935	19,990	16,945	36.0	40.3	32.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,465	14,505	15,960	29.7	29.2	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,140	34,175	32,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,160	550	610	1.7	1.6	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,980	33,620	32,355	98.3	98.4	98.1
Employee	59,090	29,420	29,670	88.0	86.1	90.0
Permanent position	50,840	25,580	25,260	75.7	74.9	76.6
Temporary position	8,250	3,840	4,410	12.3	11.2	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,570	1,095	1,475	3.8	3.2	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,680	2,745	2,935	8.5	8.0	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,895	4,200	2,690	10.3	12.3	8.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,140	34,175	32,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,160	550	610	1.7	1.6	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,980	33,620	32,355	98.3	98.4	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,205	925	280	1.8	2.7	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,720	3,725	7,995	17.5	10.9	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,875	2,985	890	5.8	8.7	2.7
3 Health occupations	6,290	995	5,295	9.4	2.9	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,800	2,335	6,465	13.1	6.8	19.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,485	775	705	2.2	2.3	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	16,220	7,330	8,890	24.2	21.4	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,080	12,035	1,050	19.5	35.2	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	680	565	110	1.0	1.7	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,620	1,940	680	3.9	5.7	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,140	34,175	32,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,160	550	610	1.7	1.6	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	65,980	33,620	32,355	98.3	98.4	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	455	310	140	0.7	0.9	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	150	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	565	420	140	0.8	1.2	0.4
23 Construction	6,735	5,815	915	10.0	17.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	5,660	4,240	1,420	8.4	12.4	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,240	1,545	695	3.3	4.5	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	8,750	4,025	4,725	13.0	11.8	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,485	2,625	865	5.2	7.7	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,065	690	380	1.6	2.0	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	2,615	990	1,625	3.9	2.9	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,005	570	435	1.5	1.7	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,795	2,025	1,770	5.7	5.9	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,570	1,500	1,075	3.8	4.4	3.3
61 Educational services	5,585	1,455	4,135	8.3	4.3	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	10,740	1,880	8,865	16.0	5.5	26.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845	445	395	1.3	1.3	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,020	1,320	1,700	4.5	3.9	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,850	1,480	1,370	4.2	4.3	4.2
91 Public administration	3,740	2,100	1,635	5.6	6.1	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,070	36,255	34,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	905	570	330	1.3	1.6	0.9
French	57,305	28,135	29,175	80.6	77.6	83.8
Non-official language	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	12,205	7,235	4,970	17.2	20.0	14.3
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	195	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	220	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,070	36,255	34,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,240	35,155	34,085	97.4	97.0	97.9
Official languages	69,155	35,140	34,010	97.3	96.9	97.7
English	2,435	1,525	910	3.4	4.2	2.6
French	66,720	33,615	33,100	93.9	92.7	95.1
Non-official languages	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,830	1,105	730	2.6	3.0	2.1
English and French	1,745	1,045	695	2.5	2.9	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,070	36,255	34,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,990	29,760	30,230	84.4	82.1	86.8
English	9,075	5,320	3,755	12.8	14.7	10.8
French	1,505	925	580	2.1	2.6	1.7
Non-official language	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,205	32,135	31,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,800	4,420	5,380	15.5	13.8	17.3
Worked outside Canada	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	8,545	6,525	2,025	13.5	20.3	6.5
Usual place of work	44,790	21,130	23,660	70.9	65.8	76.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	44,790	21,130	23,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,390	4,720	7,665	27.7	22.3	32.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,890	1,965	2,925	10.9	9.3	12.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	27,465	14,405	13,060	61.3	68.2	55.2
Commute to a different province or territory	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,335	27,655	25,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	48,590	25,720	22,870	91.1	93.0	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	46,535	24,900	21,640	87.3	90.0	84.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,060	820	1,235	3.9	3.0	4.8
Public transit	2,160	790	1,365	4.0	2.9	5.3
Walked	1,695	635	1,060	3.2	2.3	4.1
Bicycle	320	235	80	0.6	0.8	0.3
Other method	575	265	305	1.1	1.0	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,335	27,655	25,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,135	4,850	7,280	22.8	17.5	28.3
15 to 29 minutes	16,205	7,745	8,455	30.4	28.0	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	13,295	7,990	5,310	24.9	28.9	20.7
45 to 59 minutes	5,950	3,585	2,360	11.2	13.0	9.2
60 minutes and over	5,755	3,480	2,275	10.8	12.6	8.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,335	27,655	25,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,630	5,265	1,370	12.4	19.0	5.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,355	6,130	4,220	19.4	22.2	16.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,790	5,285	7,500	24.0	19.1	29.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,980	3,330	5,650	16.8	12.0	22.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,765	1,830	2,935	8.9	6.6	11.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,820	5,810	4,010	18.4	21.0	15.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,650	14,760	13,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,650	1,370	1,275	9.2	9.3	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,995	13,385	12,615	90.7	90.7	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,515	11,010	10,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,985	1,020	970	9.2	9.3	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,345	690	660	6.3	6.3	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	640	330	310	3.0	3.0	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,530	9,990	9,540	90.8	90.7	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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