Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kirkland, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,413	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,151	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 3.7	...	...	- 3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,790	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,666	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,012.0	...	...	2,012.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9.65	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,415	9,470	9,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,070	1,590	1,475	15.8	16.8	14.8
0 to 4 years	725	370	350	3.7	3.9	3.5
5 to 9 years	1,055	535	525	5.4	5.6	5.3
10 to 14 years	1,290	685	605	6.6	7.2	6.1
15 to 64 years	12,500	6,070	6,425	64.4	64.1	64.6
15 to 19 years	1,360	710	645	7.0	7.5	6.5
20 to 24 years	1,355	690	670	7.0	7.3	6.7
25 to 29 years	790	420	370	4.1	4.4	3.7
30 to 34 years	590	285	310	3.0	3.0	3.1
35 to 39 years	955	430	525	4.9	4.5	5.3
40 to 44 years	1,230	570	660	6.3	6.0	6.6
45 to 49 years	1,295	595	700	6.7	6.3	7.0
50 to 54 years	1,495	670	825	7.7	7.1	8.3
55 to 59 years	1,800	890	905	9.3	9.4	9.1
60 to 64 years	1,630	805	825	8.4	8.5	8.3
65 years and over	3,845	1,800	2,045	19.8	19.0	20.6
65 to 69 years	1,275	600	675	6.6	6.3	6.8
70 to 74 years	1,080	530	550	5.6	5.6	5.5
75 to 79 years	650	335	320	3.3	3.5	3.2
80 to 84 years	410	195	220	2.1	2.1	2.2
85 years and over	420	145	270	2.2	1.5	2.7
85 to 89 years	255	100	155	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	125	35	85	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	30	5	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	16.8	14.8	15.8	16.8	14.8
15 to 64 years	64.4	64.1	64.6	64.4	64.1	64.6
65 years and over	19.8	19.0	20.6	19.8	19.0	20.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.7	2.2	1.5	2.7
Average age of the population	43.3	42.4	44.2	43.3	42.4	44.2
Median age of the population	46.4	45.2	47.2	46.4	45.2	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,775	...	...	86.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	70	...	...	1.1	...	...
Row house	555	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225	...	...	3.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	880	...	...	13.2	...	...
2 persons	2,200	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	1,345	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	1,545	...	...	23.2	...	...
5 or more persons	700	...	...	10.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,240	9,420	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,340	7,875	8,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	10,525	5,200	5,325	64.4	66.0	62.9
Married	9,605	4,740	4,860	58.8	60.2	57.4
Living common-law	920	455	465	5.6	5.8	5.5
Living common law - Never married	550	270	275	3.4	3.4	3.2
Living common law - Separated	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Living common law - Divorced	335	165	170	2.1	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	5,820	2,675	3,145	35.6	34.0	37.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,250	2,260	1,990	26.0	28.7	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	180	65	115	1.1	0.8	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	670	215	450	4.1	2.7	5.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	720	135	590	4.4	1.7	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,370	...	...	40.5	...	...
3 persons	1,365	...	...	23.3	...	...
4 persons	1,575	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,150	...	...	88.1	...	...
Married couples	4,685	...	...	80.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,960	...	...	50.6	...	...
Without children	1,725	...	...	29.5	...	...
Common-law couples	465	...	...	8.0	...	...
With children⁶	225	...	...	3.8	...	...
Without children	235	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	700	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	530	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	170	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,240	9,420	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	17,925	8,950	8,970	93.2	95.0	91.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,290	5,135	5,160	53.5	54.5	52.5
Parents in one-parent families	700	170	530	3.6	1.8	5.4
Children⁶	6,925	3,645	3,280	36.0	38.7	33.4
In a two-parent family	5,860	3,065	2,800	30.5	32.5	28.5
In a one-parent family	1,065	580	480	5.5	6.2	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,315	470	845	6.8	5.0	8.6
Living alone	875	310	565	4.5	3.3	5.8
Living with other relatives⁷	305	85	220	1.6	0.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	130	80	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,350	...	...	80.3	...	...
Couple-family households	4,750	...	...	71.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,955	...	...	44.3	...	...
Without children	1,795	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	600	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	220	...	...	3.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	120	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	65	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-person households	875	...	...	13.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,170	7,830	8,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,475	7,490	7,985	95.7	95.7	95.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,000	40,400	45,600	54,000	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,480	7,490	7,990	95.7	95.7	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	35,600	40,000	45,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,430	7,050	7,375	89.2	90.0	88.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	49,600	31,000	38,800	49,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,290	5,735	5,555	69.8	73.2	66.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	35,600	42,000	51,200	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,545	5,060	6,480	71.4	64.6	77.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,400	10,500	10,500	10,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,085	470	615	6.7	6.0	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,480	6,000	5,760	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,550	2,320	2,230	28.1	29.6	26.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,170	7,850	8,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,425	7,470	7,955	95.4	95.2	95.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,400	80,800	56,850	68,400	80,800	56,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,430	7,470	7,955	95.4	95.2	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	59,750	44,920	52,100	59,750	44,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,425	7,060	7,365	89.2	89.9	88.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,000	77,500	51,120	64,000	77,500	51,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,290	5,725	5,565	69.8	72.9	66.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,700	76,900	54,200	65,700	76,900	54,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,555	5,115	6,440	71.5	65.2	77.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,420	11,060	11,710	11,420	11,060	11,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,065	470	605	6.6	6.0	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	5,740	8,320	7,180	5,740	8,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,535	2,415	2,125	28.0	30.8	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,640	8,820	8,720	8,640	8,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,170	7,845	8,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,440	2,895	2,545	33.6	36.9	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	97,000	71,500	85,000	97,000	71,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	107,300	123,600	88,800	107,300	123,600	88,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,445	2,185	2,255	27.5	27.9	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,000	13,900	14,100	14,000	13,900	14,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,960	30,480	27,480	28,960	30,480	27,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.4	90.6	83.4	87.4	90.6	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	73.0	66.8	70.2	73.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.5	9.4	16.7	12.5	9.4	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.4	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.7	4.1	3.7	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.5	4.2	3.8	3.5	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,170	7,830	8,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	695	335	355	4.3	4.3	4.3
With total income	15,480	7,490	7,990	95.7	95.7	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,585	675	905	10.2	9.0	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,840	800	1,040	11.9	10.7	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,990	860	1,130	12.9	11.5	14.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,535	635	900	9.9	8.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,325	555	765	8.6	7.4	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	495	700	7.7	6.6	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	950	425	525	6.1	5.7	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	790	380	405	5.1	5.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	695	340	360	4.5	4.5	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	555	285	270	3.6	3.8	3.4
$100,000 and over	3,020	2,025	995	19.5	27.0	12.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,615	1,000	615	10.4	13.4	7.7
$150,000 and over	1,400	1,025	380	9.0	13.7	4.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,170	7,830	8,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	690	335	350	4.3	4.3	4.2
With after-tax income	15,480	7,490	7,990	95.7	95.7	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,725	710	1,015	11.1	9.5	12.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,925	830	1,095	12.4	11.1	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,280	1,025	1,255	14.7	13.7	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,830	745	1,080	11.8	9.9	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,665	695	970	10.8	9.3	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	620	725	8.7	8.3	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,045	525	525	6.8	7.0	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	815	430	385	5.3	5.7	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	625	360	265	4.0	4.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	495	300	195	3.2	4.0	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,740	1,255	480	11.2	16.8	6.0
$100,000 to $124,999	735	500	230	4.7	6.7	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,005	755	250	6.5	10.1	3.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,170	7,830	8,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,880	2,095	2,785	30.2	26.8	33.4
With employment income	11,290	5,735	5,555	69.8	73.2	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,865	920	940	16.5	16.0	16.9
$5,000 to $9,999	1,050	475	570	9.3	8.3	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,130	535	600	10.0	9.3	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	785	325	460	7.0	5.7	8.3
$30,000 to $39,999	685	310	375	6.1	5.4	6.8
$40,000 to $49,999	680	265	415	6.0	4.6	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	675	285	390	6.0	5.0	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	540	230	310	4.8	4.0	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	535	250	285	4.7	4.4	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	530	250	280	4.7	4.4	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	420	230	185	3.7	4.0	3.3
$100,000 and over	2,400	1,660	745	21.3	28.9	13.4
$100,000 to $124,999	785	480	305	7.0	8.4	5.5
$125,000 and over	1,615	1,175	440	14.3	20.5	7.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,170	7,830	8,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,010	7,245	7,765	92.8	92.5	93.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,800	38,400	45,200	54,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,025	7,245	7,775	92.9	92.5	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,000	39,200	46,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,165	6,920	7,245	87.6	88.4	86.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	51,200	32,400	40,800	51,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,260	5,725	5,535	69.6	73.1	66.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,000	36,400	42,800	52,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,125	4,260	5,865	62.6	54.4	70.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	3,560	6,550	5,200	3,560	6,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	720	280	445	4.5	3.6	5.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,800	7,800	5,640	4,800	7,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,170	7,850	8,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,945	7,185	7,760	92.4	91.5	93.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,000	83,600	53,550	68,000	83,600	53,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,955	7,190	7,765	92.5	91.6	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920	60,350	42,200	50,920	60,350	42,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,125	6,880	7,250	87.4	87.6	87.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,000	82,700	50,240	66,000	82,700	50,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,195	5,660	5,530	69.2	72.1	66.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,100	81,100	52,800	67,100	81,100	52,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,045	4,170	5,875	62.1	53.1	70.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,320	7,650	8,800	8,320	7,650	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	270	445	4.4	3.4	5.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,220	7,250	12,040	10,220	7,250	12,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,170	7,845	8,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,365	2,855	2,510	33.2	36.4	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	97,000	68,500	80,000	97,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	105,100	126,500	80,800	105,100	126,500	80,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,125	2,030	2,095	25.5	25.9	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	19,600	20,600	20,200	19,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,760	37,280	34,240	35,760	37,280	34,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.8	94.6	87.6	91.8	94.6	87.6
Employment income (%)	74.0	76.4	70.2	74.0	76.4	70.2
Government transfers (%)	8.2	5.3	12.4	8.2	5.3	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.3	1.3	0.7	0.3	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	158,400	...	...	158,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,700	...	...	58,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,500	...	...	47,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	173,600	...	...	173,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...	1.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	140	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	120	...	...	1.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	145	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	340	...	...	5.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	315	...	...	4.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	320	...	...	4.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	355	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	325	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,135	...	...	62.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	735	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	675	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,030	...	...	15.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,700	...	...	25.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	110	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	160	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	175	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	175	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	380	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	420	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	455	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	415	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,485	...	...	52.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	895	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	785	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,810	...	...	27.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,010	385	625	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400	52,000	50,400	50,400	52,000	50,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	43,200	42,800	42,800	43,200	42,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	150,400	...	...	150,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,800	...	...	200,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,800	...	...	150,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,030	340	685	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,000	52,400	59,300	57,000	52,400	59,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,300	42,000	48,400	46,300	42,000	48,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,240	9,425	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,885	2,030	1,850	20.2	21.5	18.8
0 to 5 years	910	460	445	4.7	4.9	4.5
18 to 64 years	11,665	5,625	6,045	60.6	59.7	61.6
65 years and over	3,690	1,765	1,925	19.2	18.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,335	650	685	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	395	230	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	40	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	740	350	395	...	...	...
65 years and over	205	75	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.9	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	11.2	8.9	10.1	11.2	8.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.3	6.2	6.5
65 years and over (%)	5.5	4.2	6.7	5.5	4.2	6.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,240	9,420	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,880	2,030	1,855	20.2	21.5	18.9
0 to 5 years	910	460	450	4.7	4.9	4.6
18 to 64 years	11,670	5,625	6,045	60.7	59.7	61.6
65 years and over	3,685	1,765	1,920	19.2	18.7	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	825	410	415	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	250	145	100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	15	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	490	230	260	...	...	...
65 years and over	90	35	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	7.1	5.5	6.4	7.1	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	3.6	4.8	4.0	3.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	2.4	1.9	3.0	2.4	1.9	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,240	9,425	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,200	2,970	3,235	32.2	31.5	33.0
In bottom decile	1,125	555	570	5.8	5.9	5.8
In second decile	1,050	485	560	5.5	5.1	5.7
In third decile	1,180	575	600	6.1	6.1	6.1
In fourth decile	1,315	615	700	6.8	6.5	7.1
In fifth decile	1,535	740	800	8.0	7.9	8.2
In top half of the distribution	13,040	6,450	6,585	67.8	68.4	67.1
In sixth decile	1,820	910	915	9.5	9.7	9.3
In seventh decile	2,205	1,060	1,150	11.5	11.2	11.7
In eighth decile	2,250	1,100	1,145	11.7	11.7	11.7
In ninth decile	2,655	1,325	1,330	13.8	14.1	13.6
In top decile	4,105	2,060	2,050	21.3	21.9	20.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,240	...	...	19,240	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.365	...	...	0.365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.310	...	...	0.310	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,385	9,455	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,280	2,040	2,240	22.1	21.6	22.5
French only	510	200	310	2.6	2.1	3.1
English and French	14,180	7,045	7,135	73.1	74.5	71.8
Neither English nor French	420	165	250	2.2	1.7	2.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,385	9,455	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,100	6,410	6,685	67.6	67.8	67.3
French	3,950	1,915	2,040	20.4	20.3	20.5
English and French	1,940	970	970	10.0	10.3	9.8
Neither English nor French	405	160	245	2.1	1.7	2.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,385	9,455	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,875	8,705	9,170	92.2	92.1	92.3
Official languages	10,805	5,295	5,515	55.7	56.0	55.5
English	7,540	3,720	3,825	38.9	39.3	38.5
French	3,270	1,575	1,695	16.9	16.7	17.1
Non-official languages	7,065	3,415	3,655	36.4	36.1	36.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,055	3,405	3,650	36.4	36.0	36.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	695	355	340	3.6	3.8	3.4
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	345	335	3.5	3.6	3.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	660	340	320	3.4	3.6	3.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kannada	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,885	1,880	2,005	20.0	19.9	20.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Balto-Slavic languages	560	255	300	2.9	2.7	3.0
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	550	255	295	2.8	2.7	3.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	65	85	0.7	0.7	0.9
Russian	170	80	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	185	80	105	1.0	0.8	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	60	85	0.7	0.6	0.9
German	135	55	85	0.7	0.6	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	320	155	165	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indo-Iranian languages	910	465	445	4.7	4.9	4.5
Indo-Aryan languages	480	240	235	2.5	2.5	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindi	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Nepali	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	100	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	430	225	210	2.2	2.4	2.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	430	220	210	2.2	2.3	2.1
Dari	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	390	200	195	2.0	2.1	2.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,820	875	945	9.4	9.3	9.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,175	575	600	6.1	6.1	6.0
Portuguese	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	155	75	85	0.8	0.8	0.9
Spanish	360	160	200	1.9	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,980	945	1,035	10.2	10.0	10.4
Chinese languages	1,980	945	1,035	10.2	10.0	10.4
Hakka	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	1,690	810	875	8.7	8.6	8.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	240	110	135	1.2	1.2	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,515	750	765	7.8	7.9	7.7
English and French	560	285	275	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	545	270	280	2.8	2.9	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	110	125	1.2	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,385	9,455	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,790	4,310	4,475	45.3	45.6	45.0
French	1,975	975	995	10.2	10.3	10.0
Non-official language	2,020	950	1,075	10.4	10.0	10.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,020	950	1,075	10.4	10.0	10.8
English and French	2,005	1,010	995	10.3	10.7	10.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,440	1,160	1,285	12.6	12.3	12.9
French and non-official language(s)	265	120	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,790	880	905	9.2	9.3	9.1
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,385	9,455	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,765	8,675	9,095	91.6	91.8	91.5
Official languages	14,165	6,940	7,230	73.1	73.4	72.8
English	11,535	5,645	5,890	59.5	59.7	59.3
French	2,630	1,295	1,335	13.6	13.7	13.4
Non-official languages	3,595	1,735	1,865	18.5	18.4	18.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,590	1,730	1,860	18.5	18.3	18.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	1.5	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	295	150	140	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	155	140	1.5	1.6	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,390	665	730	7.2	7.0	7.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	245	120	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	115	125	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	570	285	290	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	255	125	135	1.3	1.3	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	160	155	1.6	1.7	1.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	315	160	155	1.6	1.7	1.6
Dari	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	295	150	145	1.5	1.6	1.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	215	270	2.5	2.3	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	50	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Portuguese	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	110	50	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	225	105	115	1.2	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,640	795	850	8.5	8.4	8.6
Chinese languages	1,640	795	850	8.5	8.4	8.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,475	720	760	7.6	7.6	7.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	155	70	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,620	785	840	8.4	8.3	8.5
English and French	570	275	295	2.9	2.9	3.0
English and non-official language(s)	730	345	385	3.8	3.6	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	105	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,385	9,455	9,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,975	6,810	7,165	72.1	72.0	72.1
English	1,295	645	655	6.7	6.8	6.6
French	1,380	705	675	7.1	7.5	6.8
Non-official language	1,340	615	730	6.9	6.5	7.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,340	615	730	6.9	6.5	7.3
English and French	440	225	215	2.3	2.4	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	200	100	95	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	655	310	350	3.4	3.3	3.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,240	9,425	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	18,790	9,230	9,560	97.7	97.9	97.4
English	18,230	8,970	9,260	94.8	95.2	94.3
French	14,680	7,285	7,405	76.3	77.3	75.4
Non-official languages	9,735	4,640	5,100	50.6	49.2	51.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,730	4,635	5,100	50.6	49.2	51.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,325	625	700	6.9	6.6	7.1
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,300	610	695	6.8	6.5	7.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,215	565	650	6.3	6.0	6.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	30	65	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian Creole	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	70	100	0.9	0.7	1.0
Kannada	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Malayalam	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.7
Telugu	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,820	2,805	3,025	30.2	29.8	30.8
Albanian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	170	85	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Balto-Slavic languages	685	330	355	3.6	3.5	3.6
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	675	325	350	3.5	3.4	3.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.4
Czech	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	100	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	270	120	145	1.4	1.3	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	420	215	205	2.2	2.3	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	370	185	185	1.9	2.0	1.9
German	365	175	185	1.9	1.9	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	600	330	270	3.1	3.5	2.7
Indo-Iranian languages	1,055	545	510	5.5	5.8	5.2
Indo-Aryan languages	535	265	270	2.8	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	95	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	300	135	170	1.6	1.4	1.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	80	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	55	35	0.4	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	520	280	240	2.7	3.0	2.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	515	275	240	2.7	2.9	2.4
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	450	235	215	2.3	2.5	2.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,080	1,405	1,675	16.0	14.9	17.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,920	890	1,030	10.0	9.4	10.5
Portuguese	200	105	90	1.0	1.1	0.9
Romanian	260	125	135	1.4	1.3	1.4
Spanish	950	415	535	4.9	4.4	5.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	100	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,230	1,080	1,150	11.6	11.5	11.7
Chinese languages	2,230	1,080	1,150	11.6	11.5	11.7
Hakka	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mandarin	2,065	1,010	1,060	10.7	10.7	10.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	295	140	150	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	20	70	0.5	0.2	0.7
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	15	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,235	9,425	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	105	75	35	0.5	0.8	0.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	75	50	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	19,135	9,345	9,785	99.5	99.2	99.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,235	9,425	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,205	9,405	9,805	99.8	99.8	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,195	...	...	92.9	...	...
Renter	470	...	...	7.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	465	...	...	7.0	...	...
Not condominium	6,205	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	410	...	...	6.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,930	...	...	29.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,220	...	...	63.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	390	...	...	5.9	...	...
5 rooms	460	...	...	6.9	...	...
6 rooms	655	...	...	9.8	...	...
7 rooms	895	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,260	...	...	63.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,640	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,525	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	140	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	105	...	...	1.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,875	...	...	43.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,085	...	...	31.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	955	...	...	14.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	415	...	...	6.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	175	...	...	2.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,380	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	290	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,680	...	...	40.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,790	...	...	56.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	195	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	225	...	...	3.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,035	...	...	15.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,440	...	...	21.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,825	...	...	27.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,350	...	...	20.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	600	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	170	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,650	...	...	85.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	960	...	...	14.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	780	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,320	...	...	19.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	910	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	120	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	235	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,345	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	155	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not in core need	6,280	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,195	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	...	...	51.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	781,000	...	...	781,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	470	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.6	...	...	36.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,240	9,420	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	190	110	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	190	110	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,030	9,295	9,735	98.9	98.7	99.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,240	9,420	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,355	8,500	8,855	90.2	90.2	90.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,345	1,755	1,590	17.4	18.6	16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,015	6,745	7,265	72.8	71.6	74.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,885	920	965	9.8	9.8	9.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,240	9,420	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,545	6,215	6,330	65.2	66.0	64.5
Immigrants⁸¹	6,205	2,975	3,230	32.3	31.6	32.9
Before 1980	1,710	845	865	8.9	9.0	8.8
1980 to 1990	825	385	440	4.3	4.1	4.5
1991 to 2000	965	435	535	5.0	4.6	5.5
2001 to 2010	1,195	550	640	6.2	5.8	6.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,510	760	750	7.8	8.1	7.6
2011 to 2015	670	345	330	3.5	3.7	3.4
2016 to 2021	835	420	420	4.3	4.5	4.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	495	235	255	2.6	2.5	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,205	2,975	3,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	690	340	350	11.1	11.4	10.9
5 to 14 years	1,085	605	480	17.5	20.3	14.9
15 to 24 years	1,045	430	615	16.8	14.5	19.1
25 to 44 years	2,845	1,335	1,505	45.9	44.9	46.7
45 years and over	535	260	270	8.6	8.7	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,205	2,975	3,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	680	250	430	11.0	8.4	13.3
Brazil	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Guyana	55	10	40	0.9	0.3	1.2
Haiti	55	20	40	0.9	0.7	1.2
Jamaica	55	15	35	0.9	0.5	1.1
Mexico	65	35	30	1.0	1.2	0.9
Peru	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	65	15	50	1.0	0.5	1.6
United States of America	140	60	80	2.3	2.0	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	170	70	105	2.7	2.4	3.3
Europe	1,735	905	830	28.0	30.4	25.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
France	125	85	40	2.0	2.9	1.2
Germany	95	35	65	1.5	1.2	2.0
Greece	75	45	25	1.2	1.5	0.8
Hungary	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Italy	400	210	185	6.4	7.1	5.7
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Poland	120	55	65	1.9	1.8	2.0
Portugal	65	30	35	1.0	1.0	1.1
Romania	185	85	95	3.0	2.9	2.9
Russian Federation	100	40	60	1.6	1.3	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	65	35	30	1.0	1.2	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190	105	85	3.1	3.5	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	210	105	100	3.4	3.5	3.1
Africa	805	390	415	13.0	13.1	12.9
Algeria	100	65	40	1.6	2.2	1.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	415	200	210	6.7	6.7	6.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	95	55	40	1.5	1.8	1.2
Nigeria	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	65	100	2.6	2.2	3.1
Asia	2,965	1,420	1,545	47.8	47.7	47.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	355	185	175	5.7	6.2	5.4
Iraq	65	25	35	1.0	0.8	1.1
Lebanon	215	100	120	3.5	3.4	3.7
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.6	0.5	0.8
Turkey	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,345	660	685	21.7	22.2	21.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	45	25	1.0	1.5	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30	0.8	0.7	0.9
Taiwan	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Philippines	85	35	50	1.4	1.2	1.6
Viet Nam	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
India	350	165	185	5.6	5.5	5.7
Pakistan	45	25	20	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	40	25	20	0.6	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	210	85	125	3.4	2.9	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	835	415	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	25	35	6.6	6.0	8.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	20	15	3.6	4.8	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	50	30	20	6.0	7.2	4.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	15	4.2	6.0	3.6
Africa	30	15	20	3.6	3.6	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	695	350	350	83.2	84.3	83.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	545	280	260	65.3	67.5	61.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	1.2	2.4	0.0
India	45	25	20	5.4	6.0	4.8
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20	4.8	3.6	4.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	15	2.4	0.0	3.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,235	9,425	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,910	3,305	3,610	35.9	35.1	36.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,620	2,670	2,950	29.2	28.3	30.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,705	3,450	3,255	34.9	36.6	33.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,495	2,130	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,215	1,645	1,570	71.5	77.2	66.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,310	815	500	29.1	38.3	21.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,900	835	1,070	42.3	39.2	45.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	955	330	625	21.2	15.5	26.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	315	150	165	7.0	7.0	7.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,495	2,130	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	85	75	3.4	4.0	3.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405	210	195	9.0	9.9	8.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	105	95	4.4	4.9	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	255	165	85	5.7	7.7	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	25	25	1.1	1.2	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,430	1,540	1,895	76.3	72.3	80.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,235	9,425	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,090	2,920	3,170	31.7	31.0	32.3
South Asian	965	450	515	5.0	4.8	5.2
Chinese	2,405	1,165	1,245	12.5	12.4	12.7
Black	555	245	310	2.9	2.6	3.2
Filipino	140	55	85	0.7	0.6	0.9
Arab	900	440	460	4.7	4.7	4.7
Latin American	240	100	135	1.2	1.1	1.4
Southeast Asian	80	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
West Asian	420	230	190	2.2	2.4	1.9
Korean	125	55	75	0.6	0.6	0.8
Japanese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	135	75	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,150	6,500	6,645	68.4	69.0	67.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,240	9,420	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,945	910	1,040	10.1	9.7	10.6
English	1,195	610	580	6.2	6.5	5.9
Irish	1,795	855	945	9.3	9.1	9.6
Scottish	1,370	650	725	7.1	6.9	7.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,120	1,050	1,070	11.0	11.1	10.9
German	765	365	400	4.0	3.9	4.1
Chinese	2,240	1,080	1,160	11.6	11.5	11.8
Italian	3,290	1,635	1,660	17.1	17.4	16.9
Indian (India)	615	305	305	3.2	3.2	3.1
Ukrainian	340	150	190	1.8	1.6	1.9
Dutch	150	80	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
Polish	640	335	305	3.3	3.6	3.1
Québécois	335	170	165	1.7	1.8	1.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	435	245	190	2.3	2.6	1.9
Filipino	180	80	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
French Canadian	635	340	295	3.3	3.6	3.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	180	95	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Métis	35	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240	110	125	1.2	1.2	1.3
Russian	355	165	185	1.8	1.8	1.9
Norwegian	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	180	115	60	0.9	1.2	0.6
Portuguese	300	170	130	1.6	1.8	1.3
American	120	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Spanish	365	205	155	1.9	2.2	1.6
Swedish	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	215	100	115	1.1	1.1	1.2
Acadian	95	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pakistani	85	50	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	60	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Jewish	370	240	135	1.9	2.5	1.4
Punjabi	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	60	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	245	110	135	1.3	1.2	1.4
Greek	820	460	365	4.3	4.9	3.7
Jamaican	80	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	210	110	100	1.1	1.2	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	140	60	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Romanian	315	155	160	1.6	1.6	1.6
Lebanese	550	265	285	2.9	2.8	2.9
Iranian	420	230	195	2.2	2.4	2.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	175	80	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Danish	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sikh	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Austrian	165	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Belgian	165	70	95	0.9	0.7	1.0
Haitian	145	80	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hindu	120	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Mexican	90	40	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	70	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Sri Lankan	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Croatian	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	90	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	650	310	335	3.4	3.3	3.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	190	110	80	1.0	1.2	0.8
Czech	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	140	80	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Guyanese	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	150	75	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Turkish	90	50	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	170	90	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Brazilian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	265	135	130	1.4	1.4	1.3
Slovak	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraqi	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algonquin	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.4
Chilean	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Berber	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Israeli	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Coptic	150	80	70	0.8	0.8	0.7
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealander	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sicilian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,240	9,425	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	12,080	5,745	6,340	62.8	61.0	64.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	855	425	425	4.4	4.5	4.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	425	220	210	2.2	2.3	2.1
Baptist	70	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Catholic	8,050	3,785	4,270	41.8	40.2	43.5
Christian Orthodox	1,650	810	840	8.6	8.6	8.6
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Presbyterian	100	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	220	95	130	1.1	1.0	1.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	560	280	285	2.9	3.0	2.9
Hindu	405	190	210	2.1	2.0	2.1
Jewish	535	310	225	2.8	3.3	2.3
Muslim	1,135	570	570	5.9	6.0	5.8
Sikh	130	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	4,800	2,470	2,335	24.9	26.2	23.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,115	9,375	9,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,885	8,735	9,150	93.6	93.2	93.9
Movers	1,235	645	585	6.5	6.9	6.0
Non-migrants	625	325	305	3.3	3.5	3.1
Migrants	610	320	285	3.2	3.4	2.9
Internal migrants	430	215	210	2.2	2.3	2.2
Intraprovincial migrants	365	180	180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	180	105	75	0.9	1.1	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,520	9,070	9,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	14,265	6,950	7,315	77.0	76.6	77.4
Movers	4,250	2,120	2,130	22.9	23.4	22.6
Non-migrants	530	260	275	2.9	2.9	2.9
Migrants	3,720	1,865	1,855	20.1	20.6	19.6
Internal migrants	2,550	1,290	1,260	13.8	14.2	13.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,410	1,215	1,195	13.0	13.4	12.7
Interprovincial migrants	140	75	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	1,170	575	600	6.3	6.3	6.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,170	7,845	8,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,495	770	730	9.2	9.8	8.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,675	7,080	7,600	90.8	90.2	91.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,725	4,665	5,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	280	160	125	2.9	3.4	2.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,445	4,510	4,935	97.1	96.7	97.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,170	7,845	8,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,380	695	685	8.5	8.9	8.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,060	1,550	1,505	18.9	19.8	18.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,735	5,605	6,130	72.6	71.4	73.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,710	2,315	2,395	29.1	29.5	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	780	455	325	4.8	5.8	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	520	265	250	3.2	3.4	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	265	190	75	1.6	2.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,235	1,550	1,680	20.0	19.8	20.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	695	310	390	4.3	4.0	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,025	3,290	3,735	43.4	41.9	44.9
Bachelor's degree	4,375	1,925	2,445	27.1	24.5	29.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	255	315	3.5	3.3	3.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	235	115	120	1.5	1.5	1.4
Master's degree	1,500	755	740	9.3	9.6	8.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	235	120	2.2	3.0	1.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,725	4,670	5,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	240	135	110	2.5	2.9	2.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,365	715	645	14.0	15.3	12.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,120	3,810	4,310	83.5	81.6	85.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,570	1,285	1,285	26.4	27.5	25.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	410	240	175	4.2	5.1	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	260	125	135	2.7	2.7	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	150	115	35	1.5	2.5	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,705	835	870	17.5	17.9	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	460	215	245	4.7	4.6	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,550	2,530	3,020	57.1	54.2	59.7
Bachelor's degree	3,420	1,495	1,930	35.2	32.0	38.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	195	260	4.7	4.2	5.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	85	90	1.9	1.8	1.8
Master's degree	1,250	610	640	12.9	13.1	12.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	140	105	2.5	3.0	2.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,170	7,845	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,440	2,240	2,190	27.5	28.6	26.3
Education	515	90	430	3.2	1.1	5.2
13. Education	515	90	430	3.2	1.1	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	135	185	2.0	1.7	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	295	115	180	1.8	1.5	2.2
Humanities	665	190	475	4.1	2.4	5.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	20	100	0.7	0.3	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	125	30	90	0.8	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	205	55	145	1.3	0.7	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	60	0.4	0.1	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,750	700	1,055	10.8	8.9	12.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	30	105	0.8	0.4	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160	25	140	1.0	0.3	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	180	90	90	1.1	1.1	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	240	50	190	1.5	0.6	2.3
45. Social sciences	1,020	495	525	6.3	6.3	6.3
Business, management and public administration	3,550	1,560	1,990	22.0	19.9	23.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	0	60	0.4	0.0	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,485	1,560	1,925	21.6	19.9	23.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	920	485	440	5.7	6.2	5.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	130	160	1.8	1.7	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	150	155	1.9	1.9	1.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	20	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	280	185	90	1.7	2.4	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	450	225	4.2	5.7	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	380	160	3.4	4.8	1.9
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	60	55	0.7	0.8	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,850	1,510	345	11.4	19.2	4.1
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
14. Engineering	1,115	870	245	6.9	11.1	2.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	255	50	1.9	3.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	165	160	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	150	140	10	0.9	1.8	0.1
48. Precision production	70	70	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	90	95	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	65	55	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	955	235	725	5.9	3.0	8.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	820	185	635	5.1	2.4	7.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	340	165	175	2.1	2.1	2.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	175	40	140	1.1	0.5	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	60	35	20	0.4	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	85	15	0.6	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,725	4,665	5,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,605	855	755	16.5	18.3	14.9
Education	335	45	290	3.4	1.0	5.7
13. Education	335	45	290	3.4	1.0	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	75	145	2.3	1.6	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	75	135	2.2	1.6	2.7
Humanities	440	130	310	4.5	2.8	6.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	10	75	0.9	0.2	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	95	25	70	1.0	0.5	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	35	75	1.2	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	60	30	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,210	505	705	12.4	10.8	13.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	15	85	1.1	0.3	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	20	100	1.2	0.4	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	150	85	70	1.5	1.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	155	25	130	1.6	0.5	2.6
45. Social sciences	685	360	320	7.0	7.7	6.3
Business, management and public administration	2,700	1,150	1,545	27.8	24.7	30.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	55	0	55	0.6	0.0	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,640	1,150	1,495	27.1	24.7	29.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	210	225	4.5	4.5	4.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	75	105	1.9	1.6	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	30	55	0.9	0.6	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	165	95	70	1.7	2.0	1.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	545	375	170	5.6	8.0	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	320	130	4.6	6.9	2.6
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	35	0.9	1.2	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,265	980	285	13.0	21.0	5.6
04. Architecture and related services	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
14. Engineering	840	640	200	8.6	13.7	4.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190	140	45	2.0	3.0	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	95	95	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	85	75	10	0.9	1.6	0.2
48. Precision production	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	70	80	1.5	1.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	45	50	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	25	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
Health and related fields	585	165	425	6.0	3.5	8.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	40	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	500	135	370	5.1	2.9	7.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	240	105	135	2.5	2.3	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	135	35	100	1.4	0.8	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	65	50	15	0.7	1.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,725	4,665	5,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,605	855	755	16.5	18.3	14.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,120	3,815	4,305	83.5	81.8	85.1
Location of study inside Canada	6,095	2,875	3,220	62.7	61.6	63.6
Same as province or territory of residence	5,645	2,660	2,985	58.0	57.0	59.0
Different than province or territory of residence	445	215	235	4.6	4.6	4.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,030	940	1,090	20.9	20.2	21.5
Americas	295	165	130	3.0	3.5	2.6
United States of America	160	110	55	1.6	2.4	1.1
Mexico	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Europe	410	220	195	4.2	4.7	3.9
Belgium	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
France	65	50	15	0.7	1.1	0.3
Germany	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Romania	85	50	40	0.9	1.1	0.8
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	50	40	0.9	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	30	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Africa	170	80	80	1.7	1.7	1.6
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Algeria	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	110	50	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,140	465	675	11.7	10.0	13.3
Iran⁸⁸	110	45	55	1.1	1.0	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	55	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	705	290	420	7.2	6.2	8.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	45	75	1.3	1.0	1.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.7
Oceania	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,170	7,845	8,325	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,170	5,280	4,890	...	...	...
Employed	9,365	4,855	4,510	...	...	...
Unemployed	815	430	385	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	6,000	2,565	3,430	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.9	67.3	58.7	62.9	67.3	58.7
Employment rate	57.9	61.9	54.2	57.9	61.9	54.2
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.1	7.9	8.0	8.1	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,170	7,845	8,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,790	2,425	3,360	35.8	30.9	40.4
Worked	10,380	5,420	4,965	64.2	69.1	59.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,615	3,020	2,595	34.7	38.5	31.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,770	2,400	2,370	29.5	30.6	28.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.0	40.7	40.9	41.0	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,175	5,280	4,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	90	130	2.2	1.7	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,955	5,195	4,765	97.8	98.4	97.3
Employee	8,200	4,090	4,110	80.6	77.5	84.0
Permanent position	6,940	3,480	3,460	68.2	65.9	70.7
Temporary position	1,260	610	650	12.4	11.6	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	395	185	215	3.9	3.5	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	860	430	435	8.5	8.1	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,750	1,100	650	17.2	20.8	13.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,175	5,280	4,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	90	130	2.2	1.7	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,955	5,195	4,765	97.8	98.4	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	400	310	85	3.9	5.9	1.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,515	860	1,655	24.7	16.3	33.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,315	975	345	12.9	18.5	7.0
3 Health occupations	675	195	480	6.6	3.7	9.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,085	385	700	10.7	7.3	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	290	105	185	2.9	2.0	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	2,585	1,420	1,170	25.4	26.9	23.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	850	770	75	8.4	14.6	1.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	40	40	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	205	135	75	2.0	2.6	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,175	5,280	4,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	220	90	130	2.2	1.7	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	9,955	5,195	4,765	97.8	98.4	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
23 Construction	305	235	70	3.0	4.5	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	895	565	325	8.8	10.7	6.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,030	525	505	10.1	9.9	10.3
44-45 Retail trade	1,125	565	555	11.1	10.7	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	410	145	5.5	7.8	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	270	185	80	2.7	3.5	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	615	300	315	6.0	5.7	6.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	215	110	105	2.1	2.1	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,415	875	540	13.9	16.6	11.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	265	160	110	2.6	3.0	2.2
61 Educational services	715	205	510	7.0	3.9	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	1,055	270	780	10.4	5.1	15.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	75	75	1.4	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	625	330	295	6.1	6.3	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	275	125	150	2.7	2.4	3.1
91 Public administration	380	215	165	3.7	4.1	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,975	5,705	5,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,325	1,755	1,570	30.3	30.8	29.8
French	1,050	560	485	9.6	9.8	9.2
Non-official language	95	60	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	60	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
English and French	6,065	3,095	2,975	55.3	54.3	56.5
English and non-official language(s)	125	80	45	1.1	1.4	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	310	165	145	2.8	2.9	2.8
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,975	5,705	5,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,280	4,870	4,410	84.6	85.4	83.7
Official languages	9,135	4,785	4,350	83.2	83.9	82.5
English	6,695	3,445	3,255	61.0	60.4	61.8
French	2,440	1,345	1,095	22.2	23.6	20.8
Non-official languages	145	80	65	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	80	65	1.3	1.4	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	70	30	0.9	1.2	0.6
Chinese languages	100	70	30	0.9	1.2	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	60	30	0.9	1.1	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,690	835	855	15.4	14.6	16.2
English and French	1,595	780	820	14.5	13.7	15.6
English and non-official language(s)	35	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,975	5,705	5,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	6,070	3,170	2,895	55.3	55.6	54.9
English	1,390	775	605	12.7	13.6	11.5
French	3,195	1,575	1,615	29.1	27.6	30.6
Non-official language	125	60	70	1.1	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	60	70	1.1	1.1	1.3
English and French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	130	85	45	1.2	1.5	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,360	4,855	4,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,440	1,770	1,670	36.8	36.5	37.1
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
No fixed workplace address	550	385	160	5.9	7.9	3.6
Usual place of work	5,335	2,665	2,670	57.0	54.9	59.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,335	2,665	2,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,055	425	630	19.8	15.9	23.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,705	1,910	1,795	69.4	71.7	67.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	535	305	235	10.0	11.4	8.8
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,880	3,050	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,210	2,790	2,420	88.6	91.5	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,830	2,655	2,175	82.1	87.0	76.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	375	130	240	6.4	4.3	8.5
Public transit	345	130	210	5.9	4.3	7.4
Walked	160	70	95	2.7	2.3	3.4
Bicycle	35	25	10	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	135	35	105	2.3	1.1	3.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,880	3,050	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,710	705	1,005	29.1	23.1	35.4
15 to 29 minutes	1,995	1,045	945	33.9	34.3	33.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,310	825	485	22.3	27.0	17.1
45 to 59 minutes	465	230	230	7.9	7.5	8.1
60 minutes and over	400	240	165	6.8	7.9	5.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,880	3,050	2,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	205	150	50	3.5	4.9	1.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	700	440	255	11.9	14.4	9.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,595	840	755	27.1	27.5	26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,620	820	800	27.6	26.9	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,035	370	660	17.6	12.1	23.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	740	430	305	12.6	14.1	10.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,980	2,080	1,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,295	1,170	61.9	62.3	61.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,510	785	725	37.9	37.7	38.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,190	1,680	1,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,010	1,070	940	63.0	63.7	62.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,740	935	805	54.5	55.7	53.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	270	140	135	8.5	8.3	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,180	610	570	37.0	36.3	37.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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