Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	JonquièreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	91,060	45,750	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,680	7,465	7,210	16.1	16.3	15.9
0 to 4 years	4,445	2,265	2,180	4.9	5.0	4.8
5 to 9 years	5,070	2,560	2,505	5.6	5.6	5.5
10 to 14 years	5,160	2,635	2,525	5.7	5.8	5.6
15 to 64 years	55,445	28,240	27,205	60.9	61.7	60.0
15 to 19 years	4,575	2,290	2,290	5.0	5.0	5.1
20 to 24 years	4,160	2,155	2,005	4.6	4.7	4.4
25 to 29 years	4,660	2,380	2,280	5.1	5.2	5.0
30 to 34 years	5,200	2,690	2,510	5.7	5.9	5.5
35 to 39 years	5,690	2,910	2,775	6.2	6.4	6.1
40 to 44 years	6,095	3,170	2,925	6.7	6.9	6.5
45 to 49 years	4,945	2,550	2,395	5.4	5.6	5.3
50 to 54 years	4,890	2,460	2,430	5.4	5.4	5.4
55 to 59 years	7,075	3,555	3,525	7.8	7.8	7.8
60 to 64 years	8,150	4,075	4,070	9.0	8.9	9.0
65 years and over	20,940	10,045	10,895	23.0	22.0	24.0
65 to 69 years	7,055	3,590	3,460	7.7	7.8	7.6
70 to 74 years	5,555	2,830	2,720	6.1	6.2	6.0
75 to 79 years	3,800	1,810	1,990	4.2	4.0	4.4
80 to 84 years	2,390	1,045	1,345	2.6	2.3	3.0
85 years and over	2,140	760	1,380	2.4	1.7	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,365	530	830	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	645	205	440	0.7	0.4	1.0
95 to 99 years	120	25	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.1	16.3	15.9	16.1	16.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.7	60.0	60.9	61.7	60.0
65 years and over	23.0	22.0	24.0	23.0	22.0	24.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	2.4	1.7	3.0
Average age of the population	44.2	43.6	44.8	44.2	43.6	44.8
Median age of the population	45.6	44.8	46.4	45.6	44.8	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,155	...	...	58.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,950	...	...	7.2	...	...
Row house	720	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,775	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,795	...	...	19.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,555	...	...	33.0	...	...
2 persons	16,210	...	...	39.5	...	...
3 persons	4,815	...	...	11.7	...	...
4 persons	4,380	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,100	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,210	45,140	44,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	76,385	38,285	38,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,150	23,505	23,645	61.7	61.4	62.1
Married	24,325	12,140	12,185	31.8	31.7	32.0
Living common-law	22,820	11,360	11,460	29.9	29.7	30.1
Living common law - Never married	18,365	9,190	9,170	24.0	24.0	24.1
Living common law - Separated	230	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,680	1,845	1,830	4.8	4.8	4.8
Living common law - Widowed	550	220	330	0.7	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	29,240	14,785	14,450	38.3	38.6	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,220	11,005	8,220	25.2	28.7	21.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	880	455	425	1.2	1.2	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,645	2,150	2,490	6.1	5.6	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,490	1,175	3,315	5.9	3.1	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,010	...	...	60.0	...	...
3 persons	4,600	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	4,230	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,840	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,285	...	...	87.3	...	...
Married couples	11,880	...	...	44.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,390	...	...	12.7	...	...
Without children	8,490	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	11,405	...	...	42.8	...	...
With children⁶	5,915	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	5,485	...	...	20.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,395	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,255	...	...	8.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,140	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,210	45,140	44,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	72,450	36,230	36,215	81.2	80.3	82.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,570	23,215	23,355	52.2	51.4	53.0
Parents in one-parent families	3,395	1,145	2,250	3.8	2.5	5.1
Children⁶	22,485	11,870	10,615	25.2	26.3	24.1
In a two-parent family	17,320	9,055	8,265	19.4	20.1	18.8
In a one-parent family	5,165	2,815	2,345	5.8	6.2	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,760	8,910	7,850	18.8	19.7	17.8
Living alone	13,555	7,200	6,350	15.2	16.0	14.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,350	625	730	1.5	1.4	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,855	1,085	775	2.1	2.4	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,605	...	...	62.4	...	...
Couple-family households	22,505	...	...	54.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,015	...	...	22.0	...	...
Without children	13,485	...	...	32.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,105	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	545	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,015	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	13,555	...	...	33.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	74,550	37,680	36,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,145	37,090	36,055	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	34,000	42,000	50,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,160	37,100	36,070	98.1	98.5	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	30,600	36,800	42,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,230	34,340	30,885	87.5	91.1	83.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	25,800	34,800	42,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,495	29,010	23,485	70.4	77.0	63.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	41,600	29,200	35,200	41,600	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,315	29,490	31,825	82.2	78.3	86.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	11,300	12,100	11,800	11,300	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,795	6,695	5,100	15.8	17.8	13.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,960	5,160	5,520	5,960	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,765	9,705	9,055	25.2	25.8	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	74,460	37,520	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,045	36,935	36,105	98.1	98.4	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,720	57,000	40,240	48,720	57,000	40,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,075	36,955	36,125	98.1	98.5	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,320	34,440	40,440	46,320	34,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,175	34,165	31,015	87.5	91.1	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	51,400	33,600	42,920	51,400	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,545	29,035	23,505	70.6	77.4	63.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	48,880	36,920	43,520	48,880	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,215	29,300	31,920	82.2	78.1	86.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,410	11,920	12,860	12,410	11,920	12,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,655	6,605	5,055	15.7	17.6	13.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,870	6,960	6,760	6,870	6,960	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,665	9,645	9,020	25.1	25.7	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,120	6,650	7,620	7,120	6,650	7,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	74,460	37,520	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,530	13,845	10,685	32.9	36.9	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	63,200	48,400	56,000	63,200	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100	72,500	55,500	65,100	72,500	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,640	10,125	10,510	27.7	27.0	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	27,000	17,200	20,800	27,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	35,640	23,540	29,480	35,640	23,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.4	71.8	78.6	83.4	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.4	59.7	64.2	67.4	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	16.6	28.3	21.4	16.6	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.6	5.9	4.5	3.6	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.1	4.7	3.7	3.1	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	74,550	37,680	36,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,405	595	805	1.9	1.6	2.2
With total income	73,145	37,090	36,055	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,955	1,665	3,285	6.8	4.5	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,120	3,120	6,000	12.5	8.4	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	4,585	6,630	15.3	12.4	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,460	4,105	5,355	12.9	11.1	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,725	5,050	4,680	13.3	13.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,480	5,010	3,470	11.6	13.5	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,825	3,695	2,130	8.0	10.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,540	1,320	5.3	6.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	1,795	1,210	4.1	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,855	1,195	660	2.5	3.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,640	4,325	1,315	7.7	11.7	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,545	3,505	1,045	6.2	9.4	2.9
$150,000 and over	1,095	820	270	1.5	2.2	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	74,550	37,680	36,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,385	585	795	1.9	1.6	2.2
With after-tax income	73,165	37,100	36,070	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,480	1,750	3,730	7.5	4.7	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,490	3,335	6,155	13.0	9.0	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,295	5,505	7,790	18.2	14.8	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,190	5,895	6,290	16.7	15.9	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,755	6,805	4,950	16.1	18.3	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,080	5,130	2,950	11.0	13.8	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,855	2,975	1,875	6.6	8.0	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	1,875	1,085	4.0	5.1	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,140	1,595	545	2.9	4.3	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,235	960	280	1.7	2.6	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,695	1,275	425	2.3	3.4	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	855	240	1.5	2.3	0.7
$125,000 and over	600	420	185	0.8	1.1	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	74,550	37,680	36,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,050	8,675	13,375	29.6	23.0	36.3
With employment income	52,495	29,010	23,485	70.4	77.0	63.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,650	4,770	2,885	14.6	16.4	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	3,790	1,580	2,210	7.2	5.4	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,235	2,545	3,690	11.9	8.8	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,565	2,385	3,180	10.6	8.2	13.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,630	2,815	2,820	10.7	9.7	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,480	2,845	2,630	10.4	9.8	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,280	2,550	1,730	8.2	8.8	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,355	2,185	1,175	6.4	7.5	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,465	1,615	850	4.7	5.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,300	1,280	1,020	4.4	4.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,290	910	380	2.5	3.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,445	3,530	915	8.5	12.2	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,625	2,085	540	5.0	7.2	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,825	1,445	380	3.5	5.0	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	74,550	37,680	36,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,215	36,625	35,590	96.9	97.2	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,200	30,600	40,000	49,200	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,330	36,630	35,700	97.0	97.2	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	27,800	35,200	42,000	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,445	34,045	30,400	86.4	90.4	82.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,000	26,600	35,600	44,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,055	29,175	23,885	71.2	77.4	64.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	29,200	35,600	43,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,455	26,875	29,575	75.7	71.3	80.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,700	9,600	9,100	8,700	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,885	6,855	5,035	15.9	18.2	13.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	5,080	4,720	4,920	5,080	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	74,460	37,520	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,140	36,440	35,695	96.9	97.1	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	56,150	37,360	46,840	56,150	37,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,260	36,445	35,810	97.0	97.1	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,480	31,960	38,800	45,480	31,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,300	33,810	30,495	86.4	90.1	82.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	53,050	33,520	43,800	53,050	33,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,995	29,120	23,880	71.2	77.6	64.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,080	35,920	43,720	50,080	35,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,390	26,690	29,700	75.7	71.1	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,010	9,460	10,500	10,010	9,460	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,635	6,620	5,010	15.6	17.6	13.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,315	5,895	6,870	6,315	5,895	6,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	74,460	37,520	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,470	13,815	10,655	32.9	36.8	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	62,400	45,200	53,600	62,400	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,250	70,500	51,600	62,250	70,500	51,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,575	9,640	9,935	26.3	25.7	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	33,200	20,200	25,200	33,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,840	41,520	26,360	33,840	41,520	26,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.6	76.6	83.4	87.6	76.6
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.2	64.2	68.6	71.2	64.2
Government transfers (%)	16.7	12.3	23.4	16.7	12.3	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	1.9	2.6	2.2	1.9	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,920	...	...	36,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	615	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	870	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,530	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,380	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,980	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,865	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,830	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,505	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,430	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,285	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,730	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,200	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,505	...	...	8.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,850	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	905	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,695	...	...	6.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,740	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,955	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,385	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,365	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,120	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,155	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,815	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,270	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,415	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,075	...	...	22.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,275	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,550	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,255	...	...	5.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,410	8,285	7,125	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	42,400	30,400	36,400	42,400	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	36,800	28,600	32,400	36,800	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...	76,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,600	...	...	144,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,450	8,125	7,325	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,520	47,480	37,040	42,520	47,480	37,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,160	39,440	32,520	36,160	39,440	32,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,210	45,140	44,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,420	8,885	8,535	19.5	19.7	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,460	2,785	2,675	6.1	6.2	6.1
18 to 64 years	52,490	26,675	25,820	58.8	59.1	58.6
65 years and over	19,295	9,580	9,725	21.6	21.2	22.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,605	4,310	5,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,265	640	625	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	195	205	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,380	2,130	2,255	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,960	1,545	2,415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.6	12.0	10.8	9.6	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.3	7.1	7.6	7.3	7.1	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.0	8.7	8.4	8.0	8.7
65 years and over (%)	20.5	16.1	24.9	20.5	16.1	24.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	89,210	45,140	44,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,420	8,885	8,535	19.5	19.7	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,460	2,785	2,675	6.1	6.2	6.1
18 to 64 years	52,490	26,675	25,820	58.8	59.1	58.6
65 years and over	19,295	9,580	9,725	21.6	21.2	22.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,730	1,385	1,350	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	295	150	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	40	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,125	1,135	990	...	...	...
65 years and over	310	95	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.8	4.1	4.3	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.0	2.2	1.6	1.0	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,210	45,140	44,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,080	24,800	25,275	56.1	54.9	57.4
In bottom decile	7,955	3,590	4,365	8.9	8.0	9.9
In second decile	9,445	4,545	4,905	10.6	10.1	11.1
In third decile	10,145	5,025	5,115	11.4	11.1	11.6
In fourth decile	11,720	6,035	5,685	13.1	13.4	12.9
In fifth decile	10,815	5,605	5,210	12.1	12.4	11.8
In top half of the distribution	39,130	20,340	18,790	43.9	45.1	42.6
In sixth decile	10,485	5,410	5,075	11.8	12.0	11.5
In seventh decile	9,805	5,010	4,795	11.0	11.1	10.9
In eighth decile	8,590	4,495	4,095	9.6	10.0	9.3
In ninth decile	6,545	3,460	3,080	7.3	7.7	7.0
In top decile	3,700	1,960	1,740	4.1	4.3	3.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,210	...	...	89,210	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,180	45,425	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French only	70,935	34,110	36,825	78.7	75.1	82.3
English and French	19,110	11,235	7,870	21.2	24.7	17.6
Neither English nor French	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,180	45,425	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	660	335	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	89,365	44,990	44,370	99.1	99.0	99.1
English and French	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,180	45,425	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,695	45,160	44,530	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	89,210	44,925	44,290	98.9	98.9	98.9
English	615	320	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	88,595	44,610	43,985	98.2	98.2	98.3
Non-official languages	485	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	280	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	485	260	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	355	185	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,180	45,425	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
French	87,750	44,045	43,705	97.3	97.0	97.6
Non-official language	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,625	955	670	1.8	2.1	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	310	160	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,180	45,425	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,825	45,230	44,600	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	89,630	45,120	44,515	99.4	99.3	99.5
English	400	215	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	89,230	44,905	44,330	98.9	98.9	99.0
Non-official languages	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	350	190	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	250	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,180	45,425	44,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	88,425	44,410	44,010	98.1	97.8	98.3
English	1,260	750	510	1.4	1.7	1.1
French	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,145	45,060	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	89,095	45,035	44,055	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	19,045	11,250	7,795	21.4	25.0	17.7
French	88,975	44,965	44,010	99.8	99.8	99.8
Non-official languages	2,025	920	1,110	2.3	2.0	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,965	880	1,085	2.2	2.0	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,575	665	910	1.8	1.5	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,390	585	800	1.6	1.3	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,285	535	750	1.4	1.2	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,575	1,850	1,725	4.0	4.1	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,395	1,750	1,645	3.8	3.9	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,535	740	795	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	1,785	970	815	2.0	2.2	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	85,565	43,210	42,355	96.0	95.9	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,050	560	490	1.2	1.2	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,090	44,500	43,590	98.8	98.7	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,680	...	...	69.9	...	...
Renter	12,375	...	...	30.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,110	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not condominium	37,950	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	4,320	...	...	10.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,315	...	...	30.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,940	...	...	34.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,415	...	...	25.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,075	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,735	...	...	16.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,240	...	...	12.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,280	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,730	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,010	...	...	99.9	...	...
More than one person per room	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,670	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,205	...	...	27.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,340	...	...	32.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,195	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,720	...	...	9.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,490	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,945	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,430	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,730	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,815	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,240	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,405	...	...	57.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,165	...	...	41.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	485	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,275	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,250	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,970	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,825	...	...	14.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,090	...	...	22.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,695	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,020	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	930	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,685	...	...	90.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,090	...	...	10.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,845	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	15.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,785	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,900	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,695	...	...	84.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,065	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not in core need	39,465	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,495	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.8	...	...	65.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,019	...	...	1,019	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	221,400	...	...	221,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,345	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	604	...	...	604	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	642	...	...	642	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,545	1,830	1,705	4.0	4.1	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,450	1,775	1,670	3.9	3.9	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,405	1,255	1,145	2.7	2.8	2.6
Métis single ancestry	995	510	485	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,645	1,260	1,385	3.0	2.8	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,595	1,245	1,350	2.9	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,105	990	1,115	2.4	2.2	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	485	255	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	82,955	41,965	40,990	93.1	93.1	93.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,455	44,675	43,780	99.2	99.1	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,275	8,935	8,350	19.4	19.8	18.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,180	35,740	35,440	79.8	79.3	80.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	690	390	300	0.8	0.9	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,880	44,415	43,465	98.6	98.6	98.6
Immigrants⁸¹	825	385	440	0.9	0.9	1.0
Before 1980	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
1980 to 1990	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
2011 to 2015	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
2016 to 2021	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	445	265	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	825	385	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	170	70	100	20.6	18.2	22.7
5 to 14 years	130	45	85	15.8	11.7	19.3
15 to 24 years	120	55	65	14.5	14.3	14.8
25 to 44 years	360	195	175	43.6	50.6	39.8
45 years and over	35	15	20	4.2	3.9	4.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	825	385	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	70	130	24.8	18.2	29.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	10	20	3.6	2.6	4.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	15	30	5.5	3.9	6.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	15	3.0	0.0	3.4
Peru	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	15	0	1.8	3.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	35	6.7	6.5	8.0
Europe	345	205	140	41.8	53.2	31.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	180	125	50	21.8	32.5	11.4
Germany	25	15	0	3.0	3.9	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.3
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	30	7.3	7.8	6.8
Africa	150	75	75	18.2	19.5	17.0
Algeria	15	10	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	10	3.6	5.2	2.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	45	65	12.1	11.7	14.8
Asia	135	35	95	16.4	9.1	21.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	15	45	7.3	3.9	10.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155	75	75	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	15	19.4	20.0	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	6.5	13.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	55	40	10	35.5	53.3	13.3
France	50	35	10	32.3	46.7	13.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	35	10	25	22.6	13.3	33.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	9.7	13.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	35	0	25	22.6	0.0	33.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	6.5	0.0	13.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	6.5	0.0	13.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,145	45,060	44,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,455	710	745	1.6	1.6	1.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,035	560	475	1.2	1.2	1.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,655	43,790	42,865	97.2	97.2	97.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	695	320	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	300	185	110	43.2	57.8	29.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185	125	55	26.6	39.1	14.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	115	60	55	16.5	18.8	14.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	340	120	220	48.9	37.5	58.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	15	40	7.9	4.7	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	695	320	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.4	3.1	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	80	55	25	11.5	17.2	6.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	10	25	5.0	3.1	6.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	50	25	10.1	15.6	6.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1.4	3.1	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	490	195	300	70.5	60.9	80.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,055	445	610	1.2	1.0	1.4
South Asian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	365	165	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	120	90	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	190	60	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Southeast Asian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,090	44,620	43,470	98.8	99.0	98.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	38,505	19,275	19,230	43.2	42.8	43.6
English	555	305	255	0.6	0.7	0.6
Irish	2,150	995	1,155	2.4	2.2	2.6
Scottish	1,290	660	635	1.4	1.5	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,045	8,920	8,125	19.1	19.8	18.4
German	390	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	450	230	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indian (India)	135	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	14,210	7,185	7,020	15.9	15.9	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	9,475	4,715	4,760	10.6	10.5	10.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,690	1,440	1,245	3.0	3.2	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,060	985	1,080	2.3	2.2	2.5
Métis	1,620	835	785	1.8	1.9	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	935	490	440	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	270	120	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,055	495	555	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,440	700	750	1.6	1.6	1.7
Danish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	770	445	325	0.9	1.0	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	110	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	135	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	885	450	435	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,145	45,065	44,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	70,710	34,875	35,835	79.3	77.4	81.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,810	2,415	2,400	5.4	5.4	5.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	64,970	32,025	32,945	72.9	71.1	74.7
Christian Orthodox	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	115	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	360	160	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	18,085	9,985	8,095	20.3	22.2	18.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,245	44,570	43,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,415	40,220	39,190	90.0	90.2	89.7
Movers	8,825	4,350	4,480	10.0	9.8	10.3
Non-migrants	6,190	3,070	3,120	7.0	6.9	7.1
Migrants	2,640	1,280	1,355	3.0	2.9	3.1
Internal migrants	2,545	1,235	1,320	2.9	2.8	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,360	1,140	1,215	2.7	2.6	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	85	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,760	42,780	41,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,065	29,630	28,435	68.5	69.3	67.7
Movers	26,695	13,150	13,550	31.5	30.7	32.3
Non-migrants	16,120	7,825	8,285	19.0	18.3	19.7
Migrants	10,575	5,315	5,260	12.5	12.4	12.5
Internal migrants	10,080	5,040	5,040	11.9	11.8	12.0
Intraprovincial migrants	9,565	4,760	4,805	11.3	11.1	11.4
Interprovincial migrants	515	275	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	500	280	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,460	37,515	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,150	8,290	6,860	20.3	22.1	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,310	29,225	30,080	79.7	77.9	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,685	23,555	23,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,090	4,155	2,935	15.2	17.6	12.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	39,595	19,405	20,200	84.8	82.4	87.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,460	37,515	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,535	6,400	6,135	16.8	17.1	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,475	7,095	7,380	19.4	18.9	20.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,450	24,020	23,430	63.7	64.0	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,005	19,630	17,375	49.7	52.3	47.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,655	12,090	7,570	26.4	32.2	20.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,710	8,130	6,585	19.8	21.7	17.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,945	3,960	985	6.6	10.6	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,130	6,710	8,415	20.3	17.9	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,220	830	1,395	3.0	2.2	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,440	4,390	6,055	14.0	11.7	16.4
Bachelor's degree	7,560	3,130	4,425	10.2	8.3	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845	345	500	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	110	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,580	685	890	2.1	1.8	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,685	23,555	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,105	2,745	2,355	10.9	11.7	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,420	3,330	3,090	13.8	14.1	13.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,170	17,485	17,680	75.3	74.2	76.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,975	14,320	12,660	57.8	60.8	54.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,970	9,025	5,940	32.1	38.3	25.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,290	6,035	5,260	24.2	25.6	22.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,675	2,995	680	7.9	12.7	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,635	4,780	5,855	22.8	20.3	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,375	515	865	2.9	2.2	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,185	3,165	5,025	17.5	13.4	21.7
Bachelor's degree	5,870	2,260	3,605	12.6	9.6	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	610	210	405	1.3	0.9	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	220	80	135	0.5	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	1,330	530	800	2.8	2.3	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	85	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,460	37,520	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,010	13,500	13,515	36.3	36.0	36.6
Education	3,605	895	2,710	4.8	2.4	7.3
13. Education	3,605	895	2,710	4.8	2.4	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	295	485	1.1	0.8	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	630	210	415	0.8	0.6	1.1
Humanities	1,675	665	1,010	2.2	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,085	455	630	1.5	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	50	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,870	635	2,240	3.9	1.7	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	100	240	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,175	50	1,130	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	300	70	230	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	520	140	375	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	425	235	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	10,185	2,650	7,535	13.7	7.1	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	150	760	1.2	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,275	2,500	6,775	12.5	6.7	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	500	415	1.2	1.3	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	285	180	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	115	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,255	830	425	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	975	745	235	1.3	2.0	0.6
25. Library science	170	20	150	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,430	13,255	1,175	19.4	35.3	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	245	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,275	1,080	195	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,310	2,830	480	4.4	7.5	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,405	3,280	130	4.6	8.7	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,655	3,510	145	4.9	9.4	0.4
48. Precision production	2,530	2,415	115	3.4	6.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,580	1,155	425	2.1	3.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	650	380	265	0.9	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	930	770	155	1.2	2.1	0.4
Health and related fields	5,810	915	4,895	7.8	2.4	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	180	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,420	695	4,730	7.3	1.9	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,330	2,230	2,105	5.8	5.9	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,380	540	1,840	3.2	1.4	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	680	495	180	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,215	1,135	80	1.6	3.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,685	23,555	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,520	6,070	5,445	24.7	25.8	23.5
Education	2,280	455	1,820	4.9	1.9	7.9
13. Education	2,280	455	1,820	4.9	1.9	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	215	305	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	420	160	265	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	940	360	585	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	250	320	1.2	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	15	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,220	425	1,795	4.8	1.8	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	65	150	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	40	930	2.1	0.2	4.0
22. Legal professions and studies	235	40	195	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	425	110	315	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	305	150	155	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,625	1,890	5,735	16.3	8.0	24.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	125	605	1.6	0.5	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,895	1,770	5,130	14.8	7.5	22.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	570	310	260	1.2	1.3	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	215	120	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	85	35	0.2	0.4	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	930	640	290	2.0	2.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	780	595	180	1.7	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	90	0	85	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,880	9,840	1,040	23.3	41.8	4.5
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,045	885	160	2.2	3.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,530	2,100	430	5.4	8.9	1.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,495	2,370	125	5.3	10.1	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,720	2,605	115	5.8	11.1	0.5
48. Precision production	1,860	1,750	110	4.0	7.4	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,305	930	375	2.8	3.9	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	540	310	235	1.2	1.3	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	765	615	145	1.6	2.6	0.6
Health and related fields	4,390	675	3,720	9.4	2.9	16.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	130	100	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,090	505	3,585	8.8	2.1	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,500	1,755	1,745	7.5	7.5	7.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,925	385	1,540	4.1	1.6	6.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	540	400	140	1.2	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,000	925	75	2.1	3.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,685	23,555	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,520	6,070	5,445	24.7	25.8	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,165	17,480	17,685	75.3	74.2	76.5
Location of study inside Canada	34,825	17,315	17,515	74.6	73.5	75.7
Same as province or territory of residence	34,400	17,045	17,365	73.7	72.4	75.1
Different than province or territory of residence	420	275	150	0.9	1.2	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	340	170	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Americas	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
United States of America	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	74,460	37,520	36,945	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,640	24,170	21,475	...	...	...
Employed	43,195	22,730	20,465	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,440	1,435	1,010	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,825	13,345	15,475	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.3	64.4	58.1	61.3	64.4	58.1
Employment rate	58.0	60.6	55.4	58.0	60.6	55.4
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.9	4.7	5.3	5.9	4.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	74,460	37,520	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,265	12,970	15,290	38.0	34.6	41.4
Worked	46,195	24,545	21,655	62.0	65.4	58.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,010	14,100	10,910	33.6	37.6	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,185	10,440	10,745	28.5	27.8	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.5	41.6	42.1	42.5	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,635	24,165	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	740	360	380	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,895	23,805	21,090	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	41,080	21,655	19,425	90.0	89.6	90.5
Permanent position	33,470	17,980	15,490	73.3	74.4	72.1
Temporary position	7,610	3,675	3,935	16.7	15.2	18.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,335	980	1,355	5.1	4.1	6.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,275	2,700	2,580	11.6	11.2	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,820	2,150	1,665	8.4	8.9	7.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,635	24,165	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	740	360	380	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,895	23,805	21,090	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	565	395	165	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,625	1,705	4,910	14.5	7.1	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,270	2,565	705	7.2	10.6	3.3
3 Health occupations	4,025	590	3,440	8.8	2.4	16.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,360	1,455	3,905	11.7	6.0	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	835	370	465	1.8	1.5	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	11,200	4,825	6,370	24.5	20.0	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,195	8,645	550	20.1	35.8	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,255	1,060	200	2.8	4.4	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,570	2,185	380	5.6	9.0	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,635	24,165	21,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	740	360	380	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	44,895	23,805	21,090	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,280	1,005	275	2.8	4.2	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	595	535	60	1.3	2.2	0.3
22 Utilities	585	470	120	1.3	1.9	0.6
23 Construction	3,765	3,225	535	8.3	13.3	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,610	4,585	1,030	12.3	19.0	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	1,195	910	285	2.6	3.8	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,005	2,665	3,340	13.2	11.0	15.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,535	1,185	350	3.4	4.9	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	480	260	210	1.1	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	895	230	665	2.0	1.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	380	210	165	0.8	0.9	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,270	1,290	980	5.0	5.3	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,890	1,185	705	4.1	4.9	3.3
61 Educational services	3,305	1,000	2,305	7.2	4.1	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	6,885	1,055	5,835	15.1	4.4	27.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	480	260	225	1.1	1.1	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,160	915	1,250	4.7	3.8	5.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,365	1,210	1,155	5.2	5.0	5.4
91 Public administration	3,190	1,600	1,590	7.0	6.6	7.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,855	25,970	22,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	300	165	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	44,995	23,430	21,565	92.1	90.2	94.2
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,455	2,315	1,135	7.1	8.9	5.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,855	25,970	22,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,515	25,735	22,780	99.3	99.1	99.5
Official languages	48,490	25,725	22,765	99.3	99.1	99.5
English	695	420	280	1.4	1.6	1.2
French	47,795	25,305	22,490	97.8	97.4	98.3
Non-official languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	340	230	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and French	330	230	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,855	25,970	22,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,640	23,825	21,810	93.4	91.7	95.3
English	2,735	1,845	890	5.6	7.1	3.9
French	410	255	150	0.8	1.0	0.7
Non-official language	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,200	22,735	20,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,375	2,435	2,940	12.4	10.7	14.4
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,700	3,660	1,040	10.9	16.1	5.1
Usual place of work	33,105	16,620	16,485	76.6	73.1	80.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,105	16,620	16,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,575	11,935	12,640	74.2	71.8	76.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,150	2,500	2,655	15.6	15.0	16.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,320	2,145	1,175	10.0	12.9	7.1
Commute to a different province or territory	65	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,800	20,280	17,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,175	18,995	16,180	93.1	93.7	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,660	18,235	15,420	89.0	89.9	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,515	755	760	4.0	3.7	4.3
Public transit	515	235	275	1.4	1.2	1.6
Walked	1,325	525	800	3.5	2.6	4.6
Bicycle	140	100	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	655	415	235	1.7	2.0	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,800	20,280	17,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,485	7,745	7,735	41.0	38.2	44.1
15 to 29 minutes	14,940	7,670	7,270	39.5	37.8	41.5
30 to 44 minutes	4,825	2,940	1,880	12.8	14.5	10.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,325	915	415	3.5	4.5	2.4
60 minutes and over	1,235	1,010	220	3.3	5.0	1.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,800	20,280	17,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,525	2,070	460	6.7	10.2	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,745	5,760	1,985	20.5	28.4	11.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,245	6,720	7,520	37.7	33.1	42.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,110	2,140	3,970	16.2	10.6	22.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,065	720	1,345	5.5	3.6	7.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,110	2,870	2,240	13.5	14.2	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,730	9,035	8,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375	700	680	7.8	7.7	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,360	8,335	8,020	92.3	92.3	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,930	6,605	6,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,030	515	515	8.0	7.8	8.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	740	360	385	5.7	5.5	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	290	150	140	2.2	2.3	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,900	6,095	5,805	92.0	92.3	91.8

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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