Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	JonquièreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	91,073	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	89,818	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,500	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,983	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	37,641.59	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	91,070	45,855	45,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,685	7,465	7,220	16.1	16.3	16.0
0 to 4 years	4,475	2,295	2,175	4.9	5.0	4.8
5 to 9 years	5,125	2,590	2,535	5.6	5.6	5.6
10 to 14 years	5,090	2,580	2,510	5.6	5.6	5.6
15 to 64 years	55,490	28,335	27,155	60.9	61.8	60.1
15 to 19 years	4,585	2,330	2,255	5.0	5.1	5.0
20 to 24 years	4,055	2,135	1,920	4.5	4.7	4.2
25 to 29 years	4,655	2,365	2,290	5.1	5.2	5.1
30 to 34 years	5,260	2,715	2,545	5.8	5.9	5.6
35 to 39 years	5,720	2,930	2,790	6.3	6.4	6.2
40 to 44 years	6,145	3,195	2,955	6.7	7.0	6.5
45 to 49 years	5,000	2,610	2,390	5.5	5.7	5.3
50 to 54 years	4,930	2,480	2,445	5.4	5.4	5.4
55 to 59 years	6,990	3,510	3,475	7.7	7.7	7.7
60 to 64 years	8,160	4,070	4,090	9.0	8.9	9.0
65 years and over	20,900	10,055	10,845	22.9	21.9	24.0
65 to 69 years	7,180	3,655	3,525	7.9	8.0	7.8
70 to 74 years	5,580	2,855	2,720	6.1	6.2	6.0
75 to 79 years	3,770	1,795	1,975	4.1	3.9	4.4
80 to 84 years	2,300	1,020	1,285	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	2,065	725	1,345	2.3	1.6	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,305	515	790	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	625	185	435	0.7	0.4	1.0
95 to 99 years	125	25	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.1	16.3	16.0	16.1	16.3	16.0
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.8	60.1	60.9	61.8	60.1
65 years and over	22.9	21.9	24.0	22.9	21.9	24.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	44.2	43.5	44.8	44.2	43.5	44.8
Median age of the population	45.2	44.8	46.0	45.2	44.8	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,305	...	...	59.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,105	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	680	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,635	...	...	11.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,655	...	...	18.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	370	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,365	...	...	32.6	...	...
2 persons	16,260	...	...	39.7	...	...
3 persons	4,860	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	4,400	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,100	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,275	45,265	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	76,390	38,390	38,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,350	23,610	23,740	62.0	61.5	62.5
Married	24,270	12,120	12,150	31.8	31.6	32.0
Living common-law	23,080	11,490	11,590	30.2	29.9	30.5
Living common law - Never married	18,515	9,265	9,250	24.2	24.1	24.3
Living common law - Separated	240	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,760	1,875	1,885	4.9	4.9	5.0
Living common law - Widowed	560	235	325	0.7	0.6	0.9
Not married and not living common-law	29,035	14,780	14,260	38.0	38.5	37.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,180	11,010	8,170	25.1	28.7	21.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	915	490	430	1.2	1.3	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,570	2,140	2,435	6.0	5.6	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,370	1,140	3,225	5.7	3.0	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,080	...	...	60.0	...	...
3 persons	4,650	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	4,240	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,825	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,400	...	...	87.3	...	...
Married couples	11,870	...	...	44.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,400	...	...	12.7	...	...
Without children	8,465	...	...	31.6	...	...
Common-law couples	11,530	...	...	43.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,955	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	5,575	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,390	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,225	...	...	8.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,165	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,275	45,270	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	72,675	36,395	36,285	81.4	80.4	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,800	23,335	23,465	52.4	51.5	53.3
Parents in one-parent families	3,395	1,160	2,230	3.8	2.6	5.1
Children⁶	22,490	11,895	10,595	25.2	26.3	24.1
In a two-parent family	17,335	9,060	8,270	19.4	20.0	18.8
In a one-parent family	5,155	2,830	2,320	5.8	6.3	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,595	8,870	7,730	18.6	19.6	17.6
Living alone	13,365	7,120	6,245	15.0	15.7	14.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,405	670	730	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	1,830	1,080	750	2.0	2.4	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,655	...	...	62.6	...	...
Couple-family households	22,560	...	...	55.0	...	...
With children⁶	9,050	...	...	22.1	...	...
Without children	13,515	...	...	33.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,090	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	555	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,035	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	13,365	...	...	32.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	74,600	37,810	36,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,125	37,180	35,945	98.0	98.3	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	34,400	42,400	50,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,140	37,185	35,950	98.0	98.3	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	30,800	37,200	43,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,285	34,475	30,810	87.5	91.2	83.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,800	26,200	35,200	42,800	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,500	29,110	23,390	70.4	77.0	63.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,000	29,800	36,000	42,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,035	29,360	31,675	81.8	77.7	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	11,400	12,000	11,700	11,400	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,515	6,535	4,980	15.4	17.3	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,920	5,160	5,520	5,920	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,750	9,705	9,050	25.1	25.7	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	74,560	37,730	36,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,000	37,110	35,895	97.9	98.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	57,700	40,440	49,200	57,700	40,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,030	37,125	35,905	97.9	98.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,800	34,560	40,800	46,800	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,090	34,295	30,795	87.3	90.9	83.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	52,150	33,880	43,520	52,150	33,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,425	29,105	23,320	70.3	77.1	63.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	49,480	37,280	44,040	49,480	37,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,970	29,245	31,730	81.8	77.5	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,460	12,040	12,840	12,460	12,040	12,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,365	6,425	4,940	15.2	17.0	13.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,960	7,030	6,860	6,960	7,030	6,860
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,510	9,555	8,955	24.8	25.3	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	6,760	7,640	7,180	6,760	7,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	74,565	37,730	36,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,410	13,790	10,615	32.7	36.5	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	64,000	48,400	56,800	64,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	73,700	55,900	66,000	73,700	55,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,550	10,195	10,360	27.6	27.0	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	27,400	17,400	21,000	27,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,880	35,920	23,940	29,880	35,920	23,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.6	72.0	78.8	83.6	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	67.2	59.9	64.2	67.2	59.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.4	28.1	21.2	16.4	28.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.5	5.8	4.5	3.5	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.0	4.7	3.7	3.0	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	74,605	37,805	36,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,480	630	850	2.0	1.7	2.3
With total income	73,120	37,180	35,945	98.0	98.3	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,920	1,650	3,270	6.7	4.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,970	3,050	5,920	12.3	8.2	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,035	4,490	6,545	15.1	12.1	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,370	4,085	5,280	12.8	11.0	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,705	4,995	4,705	13.3	13.4	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,510	5,045	3,465	11.6	13.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,865	3,685	2,180	8.0	9.9	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,900	2,560	1,340	5.3	6.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	1,810	1,235	4.2	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,925	1,255	670	2.6	3.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	5,875	4,545	1,335	8.0	12.2	3.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,665	3,620	1,050	6.4	9.7	2.9
$150,000 and over	1,210	930	285	1.7	2.5	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	74,605	37,805	36,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,465	620	845	2.0	1.6	2.3
With after-tax income	73,135	37,185	35,950	98.0	98.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,455	1,735	3,720	7.5	4.7	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,330	3,265	6,065	12.8	8.8	16.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,085	5,415	7,670	17.9	14.6	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	12,130	5,825	6,305	16.6	15.7	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,780	6,850	4,925	16.1	18.4	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	5,155	2,985	11.1	13.9	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,910	2,980	1,935	6.7	8.0	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,030	1,940	1,085	4.1	5.2	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	1,645	540	3.0	4.4	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,255	980	280	1.7	2.6	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,835	1,405	430	2.5	3.8	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,170	935	235	1.6	2.5	0.7
$125,000 and over	665	470	195	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	74,605	37,805	36,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,100	8,695	13,405	29.6	23.0	36.4
With employment income	52,505	29,115	23,395	70.4	77.0	63.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,705	4,855	2,845	14.7	16.7	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,685	1,520	2,165	7.0	5.2	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,060	2,475	3,585	11.5	8.5	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,530	2,385	3,140	10.5	8.2	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,565	2,760	2,810	10.6	9.5	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,510	2,845	2,670	10.5	9.8	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,285	2,540	1,745	8.2	8.7	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,375	2,155	1,215	6.4	7.4	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	1,625	870	4.8	5.6	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,340	1,295	1,040	4.5	4.4	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	955	385	2.5	3.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,625	3,690	935	8.8	12.7	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,675	2,140	540	5.1	7.4	2.3
$125,000 and over	1,950	1,550	400	3.7	5.3	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	74,600	37,810	36,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,205	36,720	35,485	96.8	97.1	96.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,600	30,800	40,400	49,600	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,335	36,725	35,605	97.0	97.1	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,400	28,000	35,600	42,400	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,510	34,170	30,340	86.5	90.4	82.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,400	27,200	36,000	44,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,080	29,285	23,800	71.2	77.5	64.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,600	29,600	36,400	43,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,175	26,760	29,410	75.3	70.8	79.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,700	9,500	9,000	8,700	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,615	6,690	4,925	15.6	17.7	13.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	5,080	4,720	4,920	5,080	4,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	74,560	37,730	36,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,090	36,605	35,480	96.7	97.0	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	56,900	37,680	47,440	56,900	37,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,230	36,615	35,615	96.9	97.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	46,040	31,960	39,080	46,040	31,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,200	33,925	30,275	86.1	89.9	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480	53,900	33,960	44,480	53,900	33,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,915	29,205	23,710	71.0	77.4	64.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	50,680	36,280	44,200	50,680	36,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,130	26,700	29,430	75.3	70.8	79.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,030	9,550	10,470	10,030	9,550	10,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,320	6,445	4,875	15.2	17.1	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,380	5,915	6,990	6,380	5,915	6,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	74,565	37,730	36,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,370	13,770	10,595	32.7	36.5	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	62,800	45,600	54,400	62,800	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,050	71,500	52,050	63,050	71,500	52,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,500	9,695	9,805	26.2	25.7	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	33,200	20,400	25,400	33,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,320	41,960	26,720	34,320	41,960	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	87.8	77.0	83.6	87.8	77.0
Employment income (%)	68.4	71.0	64.4	68.4	71.0	64.4
Government transfers (%)	16.5	12.2	23.1	16.5	12.2	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.8	2.6	2.1	1.8	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,620	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,700	...	...	72,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,560	...	...	44,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,640	...	...	37,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	605	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	860	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,415	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,325	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,415	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,925	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,880	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,775	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,440	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,880	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,685	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,410	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,550	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,750	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,270	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,560	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,965	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	900	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,560	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,690	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,875	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,370	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,355	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,085	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,120	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,835	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,290	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,065	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,315	...	...	22.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,355	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,600	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,355	...	...	5.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,190	8,200	6,995	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	43,200	30,600	37,200	43,200	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	37,200	28,800	32,800	37,200	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,400	...	...	146,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,225	8,055	7,170	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	48,800	37,520	43,480	48,800	37,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,320	32,880	36,800	40,320	32,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,275	45,265	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,450	8,920	8,530	19.5	19.7	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,490	2,805	2,680	6.1	6.2	6.1
18 to 64 years	52,515	26,745	25,770	58.8	59.1	58.6
65 years and over	19,315	9,600	9,710	21.6	21.2	22.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,330	4,195	5,135	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,265	655	610	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	420	225	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,280	2,065	2,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,780	1,470	2,310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.5	9.3	11.7	10.5	9.3	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	8.1	7.2	7.6	8.1	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.7	8.6	8.2	7.7	8.6
65 years and over (%)	19.6	15.3	23.8	19.6	15.3	23.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	89,275	45,265	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,445	8,915	8,535	19.5	19.7	19.4
0 to 5 years	5,490	2,805	2,685	6.1	6.2	6.1
18 to 64 years	52,515	26,745	25,765	58.8	59.1	58.5
65 years and over	19,315	9,605	9,710	21.6	21.2	22.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,710	1,370	1,340	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	300	150	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	40	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,095	1,115	980	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	105	210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,275	45,265	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	49,365	24,495	24,875	55.3	54.1	56.5
In bottom decile	7,695	3,485	4,215	8.6	7.7	9.6
In second decile	9,315	4,475	4,845	10.4	9.9	11.0
In third decile	9,895	4,920	4,980	11.1	10.9	11.3
In fourth decile	11,615	6,000	5,615	13.0	13.3	12.8
In fifth decile	10,840	5,620	5,220	12.1	12.4	11.9
In top half of the distribution	39,910	20,770	19,135	44.7	45.9	43.5
In sixth decile	10,540	5,455	5,080	11.8	12.1	11.5
In seventh decile	9,890	5,060	4,830	11.1	11.2	11.0
In eighth decile	8,810	4,605	4,210	9.9	10.2	9.6
In ninth decile	6,740	3,570	3,175	7.5	7.9	7.2
In top decile	3,930	2,085	1,845	4.4	4.6	4.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,275	...	...	89,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,210	45,525	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French only	70,570	33,965	36,605	78.2	74.6	81.9
English and French	19,505	11,490	8,015	21.6	25.2	17.9
Neither English nor French	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,210	45,525	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	660	335	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	89,385	45,100	44,280	99.1	99.1	99.1
English and French	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,210	45,525	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,705	45,255	44,450	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	89,230	45,030	44,200	98.9	98.9	98.9
English	615	315	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	88,610	44,710	43,900	98.2	98.2	98.3
Non-official languages	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	465	220	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	280	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	505	275	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	375	200	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,210	45,525	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	245	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	87,735	44,130	43,605	97.3	96.9	97.6
Non-official language	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,670	970	695	1.9	2.1	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	305	160	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,210	45,525	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,840	45,325	44,515	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	89,660	45,225	44,435	99.4	99.3	99.5
English	415	225	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	89,245	45,005	44,245	98.9	98.9	99.0
Non-official languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	365	205	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	260	150	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,205	45,530	44,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	88,415	44,500	43,915	98.0	97.7	98.3
English	1,285	760	530	1.4	1.7	1.2
French	205	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,205	45,205	43,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	89,155	45,180	43,970	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	19,365	11,500	7,870	21.7	25.4	17.9
French	89,040	45,125	43,915	99.8	99.8	99.8
Non-official languages	2,025	925	1,110	2.3	2.0	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,970	885	1,085	2.2	2.0	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,570	670	905	1.8	1.5	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,380	580	800	1.5	1.3	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,280	520	760	1.4	1.2	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,205	45,205	44,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,690	1,960	1,735	4.1	4.3	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,475	1,830	1,640	3.9	4.0	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,555	760	795	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	1,860	1,060	800	2.1	2.3	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	85,515	43,250	42,260	95.9	95.7	96.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,205	45,205	44,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,095	600	500	1.2	1.3	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,110	44,610	43,500	98.8	98.7	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,780	...	...	70.3	...	...
Renter	12,160	...	...	29.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,065	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not condominium	37,875	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	4,385	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,320	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,870	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,300	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,860	...	...	26.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,935	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	5,185	...	...	12.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,335	...	...	13.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,630	...	...	30.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,870	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,540	...	...	99.0	...	...
Not suitable	405	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,495	...	...	25.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,490	...	...	33.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,280	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,650	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,485	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,015	...	...	4.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,605	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,910	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,800	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,145	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,150	...	...	56.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,280	...	...	42.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	510	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,205	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,250	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,960	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,880	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,905	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,970	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,905	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	870	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,655	...	...	90.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,080	...	...	10.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,825	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,290	...	...	15.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,795	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not suitable only	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,825	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,655	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	980	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not in core need	39,500	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,665	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.6	...	...	65.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,033	...	...	1,033	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	206,000	...	...	206,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	230,000	...	...	230,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,145	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.6	...	...	17.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	608	...	...	608	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	650	...	...	650	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,205	45,210	43,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,615	1,895	1,720	4.1	4.2	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,520	1,835	1,685	3.9	4.1	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,420	1,260	1,155	2.7	2.8	2.6
Métis single ancestry	1,060	570	485	1.2	1.3	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,725	1,345	1,380	3.1	3.0	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,660	1,325	1,330	3.0	2.9	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,150	1,055	1,095	2.4	2.3	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515	270	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	82,865	41,965	40,895	92.9	92.8	93.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,200	45,205	43,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,490	44,825	43,665	99.2	99.2	99.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,330	8,930	8,395	19.4	19.8	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,165	35,895	35,270	79.8	79.4	80.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	715	385	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,200	45,205	43,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,920	44,565	43,355	98.6	98.6	98.5
Immigrants⁸¹	820	380	440	0.9	0.8	1.0
Before 1980	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
1980 to 1990	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
1991 to 2000	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	275	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
2011 to 2015	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
2016 to 2021	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	465	260	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	820	380	445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	150	55	95	18.3	14.5	21.3
5 to 14 years	130	45	85	15.9	11.8	19.1
15 to 24 years	115	50	65	14.0	13.2	14.6
25 to 44 years	375	210	170	45.7	55.3	38.2
45 years and over	45	20	30	5.5	5.3	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	820	380	445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	65	125	22.6	17.1	28.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	0	20	3.0	0.0	4.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	15	30	5.5	3.9	6.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Peru	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	35	7.3	6.6	7.9
Europe	350	205	145	42.7	53.9	32.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	205	135	70	25.0	35.5	15.7
Germany	20	15	10	2.4	3.9	2.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	15	2.4	0.0	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	25	25	6.7	6.6	5.6
Africa	155	80	75	18.9	21.1	16.9
Algeria	15	10	0	1.8	2.6	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	10	3.7	3.9	2.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	45	60	12.8	11.8	13.5
Asia	130	30	95	15.9	7.9	21.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	15	50	7.3	3.9	11.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	150	75	75	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	25	10	15	16.7	13.3	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	6.7	13.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	50	45	10	33.3	60.0	13.3
France	45	35	10	30.0	46.7	13.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	35	15	20	23.3	20.0	26.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	10.0	13.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	30	0	30	20.0	0.0	40.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	6.7	0.0	13.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,205	45,205	44,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,490	700	790	1.7	1.5	1.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,075	595	480	1.2	1.3	1.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,635	43,910	42,725	97.1	97.1	97.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	700	315	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	310	195	110	44.3	61.9	29.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	200	145	60	28.6	46.0	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	105	55	55	15.0	17.5	14.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	330	105	230	47.1	33.3	61.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	20	35	7.9	6.3	9.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	700	315	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	95	65	35	13.6	20.6	9.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	10	30	4.3	3.2	8.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	50	20	10.7	15.9	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	1.4	3.2	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	480	185	290	68.6	58.7	77.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,205	45,205	44,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,015	410	605	1.1	0.9	1.4
South Asian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	150	20	130	0.2	0.0	0.3
Black	360	165	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	130	95	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Southeast Asian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,190	44,795	43,395	98.9	99.1	98.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,200	45,205	43,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	38,610	19,420	19,190	43.3	43.0	43.6
English	590	325	260	0.7	0.7	0.6
Irish	2,305	1,040	1,260	2.6	2.3	2.9
Scottish	1,320	680	640	1.5	1.5	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,325	9,135	8,190	19.4	20.2	18.6
German	405	215	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese	170	40	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Italian	485	265	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indian (India)	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	14,135	7,145	6,990	15.8	15.8	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	9,295	4,600	4,695	10.4	10.2	10.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,515	1,350	1,165	2.8	3.0	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,165	1,065	1,100	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis	1,720	910	805	1.9	2.0	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	845	450	395	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,060	540	525	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,470	700	770	1.6	1.5	1.8
Danish	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	745	430	315	0.8	1.0	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	945	480	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,205	45,205	44,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	70,030	34,600	35,430	78.5	76.5	80.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,925	2,505	2,420	5.5	5.5	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	64,245	31,705	32,535	72.0	70.1	73.9
Christian Orthodox	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	365	160	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	18,815	10,400	8,415	21.1	23.0	19.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,285	44,690	43,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,400	40,365	39,040	89.9	90.3	89.5
Movers	8,885	4,330	4,560	10.1	9.7	10.5
Non-migrants	6,345	3,115	3,235	7.2	7.0	7.4
Migrants	2,540	1,210	1,325	2.9	2.7	3.0
Internal migrants	2,465	1,170	1,290	2.8	2.6	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,255	1,070	1,185	2.6	2.4	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
External migrants	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,770	42,870	41,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,635	29,510	28,125	68.0	68.8	67.1
Movers	27,125	13,355	13,775	32.0	31.2	32.9
Non-migrants	16,155	7,865	8,285	19.1	18.3	19.8
Migrants	10,975	5,485	5,490	12.9	12.8	13.1
Internal migrants	10,445	5,210	5,235	12.3	12.2	12.5
Intraprovincial migrants	9,935	4,940	4,995	11.7	11.5	11.9
Interprovincial migrants	510	270	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	530	280	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,560	37,730	36,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,180	8,280	6,895	20.4	21.9	18.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,380	29,450	29,935	79.6	78.1	81.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,675	23,625	23,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,940	4,065	2,875	14.9	17.2	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	39,730	19,565	20,165	85.1	82.8	87.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,560	37,725	36,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,575	6,365	6,210	16.9	16.9	16.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,415	7,145	7,270	19.3	18.9	19.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,570	24,215	23,355	63.8	64.2	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,830	19,620	17,210	49.4	52.0	46.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,315	11,940	7,370	25.9	31.7	20.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,310	7,890	6,420	19.2	20.9	17.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,000	4,050	950	6.7	10.7	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,195	6,745	8,445	20.4	17.9	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,320	935	1,385	3.1	2.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,740	4,585	6,150	14.4	12.2	16.7
Bachelor's degree	7,695	3,235	4,460	10.3	8.6	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	390	500	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	120	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,670	715	955	2.2	1.9	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,675	23,630	23,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,950	2,620	2,330	10.6	11.1	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,505	3,425	3,080	13.9	14.5	13.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,215	17,580	17,630	75.4	74.4	76.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,810	14,265	12,550	57.4	60.4	54.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,660	8,905	5,755	31.4	37.7	25.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,890	5,810	5,075	23.3	24.6	22.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,775	3,095	680	8.1	13.1	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,710	4,780	5,930	22.9	20.2	25.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,445	585	860	3.1	2.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,400	3,320	5,085	18.0	14.0	22.1
Bachelor's degree	5,960	2,330	3,630	12.8	9.9	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	245	390	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	85	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,405	550	855	3.0	2.3	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	105	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,560	37,730	36,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,990	13,515	13,475	36.2	35.8	36.6
Education	3,520	925	2,595	4.7	2.5	7.0
13. Education	3,520	925	2,595	4.7	2.5	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	800	295	505	1.1	0.8	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	645	205	440	0.9	0.5	1.2
Humanities	1,700	675	1,025	2.3	1.8	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	25	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,065	445	620	1.4	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	55	145	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,900	630	2,270	3.9	1.7	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	100	235	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,200	45	1,155	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	320	90	235	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	530	145	390	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	395	205	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Business, management and public administration	10,270	2,775	7,495	13.8	7.4	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	150	740	1.2	0.4	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,375	2,620	6,755	12.6	6.9	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	560	460	1.4	1.5	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	340	215	125	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	120	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,220	815	405	1.6	2.2	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	940	720	225	1.3	1.9	0.6
25. Library science	170	25	145	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,625	13,430	1,195	19.6	35.6	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	255	145	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,360	1,145	215	1.8	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,305	2,820	485	4.4	7.5	1.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,440	3,325	115	4.6	8.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,690	3,540	150	4.9	9.4	0.4
48. Precision production	2,570	2,455	120	3.4	6.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,370	965	400	1.8	2.6	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	505	285	215	0.7	0.8	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	865	685	180	1.2	1.8	0.5
Health and related fields	5,945	965	4,975	8.0	2.6	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	185	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,530	725	4,805	7.4	1.9	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,190	2,160	2,025	5.6	5.7	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,300	540	1,765	3.1	1.4	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	640	470	170	0.9	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,180	1,085	95	1.6	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,675	23,630	23,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,455	6,045	5,415	24.5	25.6	23.5
Education	2,235	480	1,755	4.8	2.0	7.6
13. Education	2,235	480	1,755	4.8	2.0	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	535	205	330	1.1	0.9	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	445	150	295	1.0	0.6	1.3
Humanities	995	370	620	2.1	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	580	245	335	1.2	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	25	105	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,245	435	1,810	4.8	1.8	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	65	150	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	985	35	960	2.1	0.1	4.2
22. Legal professions and studies	255	65	190	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	430	105	315	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	290	140	155	0.6	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,630	1,995	5,630	16.3	8.4	24.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	120	590	1.5	0.5	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,920	1,875	5,045	14.8	7.9	21.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	635	345	290	1.4	1.5	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	50	110	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	265	150	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	85	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	910	630	285	1.9	2.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	770	585	185	1.6	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	85	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,035	9,960	1,075	23.6	42.1	4.7
04. Architecture and related services	245	135	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,085	905	180	2.3	3.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,545	2,100	445	5.5	8.9	1.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,520	2,415	110	5.4	10.2	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,740	2,610	130	5.9	11.0	0.6
48. Precision production	1,905	1,795	110	4.1	7.6	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,090	735	355	2.3	3.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	410	225	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	510	170	1.4	2.2	0.7
Health and related fields	4,510	715	3,795	9.7	3.0	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	140	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,195	535	3,655	9.0	2.3	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,380	1,715	1,665	7.2	7.3	7.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,855	395	1,470	4.0	1.7	6.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	510	390	125	1.1	1.7	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	965	880	80	2.1	3.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,675	23,630	23,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,455	6,045	5,415	24.5	25.6	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,215	17,585	17,635	75.4	74.4	76.5
Location of study inside Canada	34,840	17,390	17,450	74.6	73.6	75.7
Same as province or territory of residence	34,400	17,100	17,300	73.7	72.4	75.1
Different than province or territory of residence	445	290	155	1.0	1.2	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	375	195	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Americas	110	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	190	120	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	150	95	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	74,560	37,725	36,835	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,230	24,010	21,220	...	...	...
Employed	42,775	22,575	20,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,455	1,440	1,025	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,330	13,720	15,615	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.7	63.6	57.6	60.7	63.6	57.6
Employment rate	57.4	59.8	54.8	57.4	59.8	54.8
Unemployment rate	5.4	6.0	4.8	5.4	6.0	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	74,560	37,730	36,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,570	13,175	15,400	38.3	34.9	41.8
Worked	45,990	24,555	21,435	61.7	65.1	58.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,875	14,055	10,825	33.4	37.3	29.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,115	10,505	10,605	28.3	27.8	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.5	41.6	42.1	42.5	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,230	24,010	21,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	750	360	385	1.7	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,485	23,650	20,835	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	40,795	21,580	19,220	90.2	89.9	90.6
Permanent position	33,360	18,010	15,345	73.8	75.0	72.3
Temporary position	7,435	3,565	3,870	16.4	14.8	18.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,345	990	1,355	5.2	4.1	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,085	2,575	2,515	11.2	10.7	11.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,685	2,070	1,615	8.1	8.6	7.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,230	24,010	21,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	750	360	385	1.7	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,485	23,650	20,835	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	560	400	160	1.2	1.7	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,645	1,720	4,925	14.7	7.2	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,380	2,630	750	7.5	11.0	3.5
3 Health occupations	4,090	625	3,465	9.0	2.6	16.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,305	1,455	3,850	11.7	6.1	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	820	360	460	1.8	1.5	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	11,115	4,910	6,205	24.6	20.4	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,180	8,610	565	20.3	35.9	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	945	805	140	2.1	3.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,445	2,125	320	5.4	8.9	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,230	24,010	21,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	750	360	385	1.7	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	44,485	23,650	20,835	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	825	640	185	1.8	2.7	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	625	555	65	1.4	2.3	0.3
22 Utilities	545	445	100	1.2	1.9	0.5
23 Construction	3,850	3,310	540	8.5	13.8	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,440	4,480	960	12.0	18.7	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,150	865	285	2.5	3.6	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	5,780	2,580	3,200	12.8	10.7	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,595	1,240	355	3.5	5.2	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	480	270	210	1.1	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	895	250	645	2.0	1.0	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	390	210	175	0.9	0.9	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,385	1,370	1,010	5.3	5.7	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,945	1,215	730	4.3	5.1	3.4
61 Educational services	3,330	1,065	2,270	7.4	4.4	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	6,865	1,075	5,785	15.2	4.5	27.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	500	265	235	1.1	1.1	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,245	970	1,270	5.0	4.0	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,370	1,215	1,155	5.2	5.1	5.4
91 Public administration	3,245	1,610	1,635	7.2	6.7	7.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,605	25,935	22,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	310	185	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
French	44,635	23,300	21,335	91.8	89.8	94.1
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,595	2,425	1,170	7.4	9.4	5.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,605	25,935	22,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,245	25,685	22,560	99.3	99.0	99.5
Official languages	48,230	25,685	22,545	99.2	99.0	99.4
English	735	475	265	1.5	1.8	1.2
French	47,495	25,210	22,280	97.7	97.2	98.3
Non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	355	245	110	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and French	355	245	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,605	25,935	22,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,310	23,725	21,580	93.2	91.5	95.2
English	2,825	1,900	930	5.8	7.3	4.1
French	425	290	140	0.9	1.1	0.6
Non-official language	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,770	22,575	20,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,440	2,460	2,975	12.7	10.9	14.7
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,710	3,625	1,080	11.0	16.1	5.3
Usual place of work	32,605	16,475	16,130	76.2	73.0	79.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,605	16,475	16,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,250	11,795	12,450	74.4	71.6	77.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,725	2,910	2,815	17.6	17.7	17.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,575	1,720	845	7.9	10.4	5.2
Commute to a different province or territory	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,315	20,100	17,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,795	18,855	15,940	93.2	93.8	92.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,280	18,070	15,210	89.2	89.9	88.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,515	785	730	4.1	3.9	4.2
Public transit	520	235	285	1.4	1.2	1.7
Walked	1,200	480	720	3.2	2.4	4.2
Bicycle	140	105	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	660	425	230	1.8	2.1	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,315	20,100	17,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,620	7,290	7,330	39.2	36.3	42.6
15 to 29 minutes	15,270	7,930	7,340	40.9	39.5	42.6
30 to 44 minutes	5,070	3,125	1,945	13.6	15.5	11.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,265	865	405	3.4	4.3	2.4
60 minutes and over	1,095	895	195	2.9	4.5	1.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,315	20,100	17,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,490	2,035	455	6.7	10.1	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,730	5,765	1,960	20.7	28.7	11.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,135	6,670	7,460	37.9	33.2	43.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,885	2,070	3,815	15.8	10.3	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,035	720	1,310	5.5	3.6	7.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,045	2,835	2,215	13.5	14.1	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,760	9,060	8,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,440	720	720	8.1	7.9	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,320	8,340	7,985	91.9	92.1	91.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,930	6,600	6,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,075	535	550	8.3	8.1	8.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	765	365	405	5.9	5.5	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	165	150	2.4	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,850	6,075	5,775	91.6	92.0	91.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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