Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	JolietteMore information: Quebec [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	52,706	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	49,439	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	25,714	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	24,565	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	485.0	...	...	485.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	108.66	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	52,705	24,770	27,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,645	3,850	3,795	14.5	15.5	13.6
0 to 4 years	2,380	1,210	1,170	4.5	4.9	4.2
5 to 9 years	2,550	1,280	1,270	4.8	5.2	4.5
10 to 14 years	2,710	1,355	1,355	5.1	5.5	4.9
15 to 64 years	29,905	14,510	15,400	56.7	58.6	55.1
15 to 19 years	2,330	1,145	1,190	4.4	4.6	4.3
20 to 24 years	2,405	1,195	1,215	4.6	4.8	4.3
25 to 29 years	2,855	1,435	1,415	5.4	5.8	5.1
30 to 34 years	2,960	1,485	1,475	5.6	6.0	5.3
35 to 39 years	2,940	1,485	1,460	5.6	6.0	5.2
40 to 44 years	3,005	1,465	1,540	5.7	5.9	5.5
45 to 49 years	2,690	1,320	1,365	5.1	5.3	4.9
50 to 54 years	2,795	1,355	1,440	5.3	5.5	5.2
55 to 59 years	3,655	1,690	1,965	6.9	6.8	7.0
60 to 64 years	4,265	1,925	2,335	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over	15,155	6,420	8,740	28.8	25.9	31.3
65 to 69 years	4,130	1,905	2,225	7.8	7.7	8.0
70 to 74 years	3,710	1,645	2,065	7.0	6.6	7.4
75 to 79 years	3,080	1,345	1,735	5.8	5.4	6.2
80 to 84 years	2,075	830	1,245	3.9	3.4	4.5
85 years and over	2,160	695	1,470	4.1	2.8	5.3
85 to 89 years	1,290	455	835	2.4	1.8	3.0
90 to 94 years	675	190	480	1.3	0.8	1.7
95 to 99 years	180	45	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.5	13.6	14.5	15.5	13.6
15 to 64 years	56.7	58.6	55.1	56.7	58.6	55.1
65 years and over	28.8	25.9	31.3	28.8	25.9	31.3
85 years and over	4.1	2.8	5.3	4.1	2.8	5.3
Average age of the population	46.8	45.1	48.4	46.8	45.1	48.4
Median age of the population	49.2	46.0	51.6	49.2	46.0	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	11,155	...	...	45.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	730	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	515	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,925	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,810	...	...	39.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	165	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,750	...	...	39.7	...	...
2 persons	8,960	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	2,660	...	...	10.8	...	...
4 persons	2,095	...	...	8.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,110	...	...	4.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	45,065	20,925	24,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	23,590	11,750	11,845	52.3	56.2	49.1
Married	12,320	6,155	6,170	27.3	29.4	25.6
Living common-law	11,270	5,595	5,675	25.0	26.7	23.5
Living common law - Never married	8,785	4,310	4,475	19.5	20.6	18.5
Living common law - Separated	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,085	1,080	1,010	4.6	5.2	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	310	150	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	21,470	9,175	12,290	47.6	43.8	50.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,520	6,665	6,850	30.0	31.9	28.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	570	230	340	1.3	1.1	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,875	1,420	2,455	8.6	6.8	10.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,505	860	2,650	7.8	4.1	11.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,765	...	...	62.2	...	...
3 persons	2,455	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	1,985	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	890	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,500	...	...	81.6	...	...
Married couples	5,865	...	...	41.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,755	...	...	12.4	...	...
Without children	4,110	...	...	29.1	...	...
Common-law couples	5,640	...	...	40.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,610	...	...	18.5	...	...
Without children	3,025	...	...	21.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,595	...	...	18.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,950	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	640	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	37,695	18,415	19,275	75.1	77.0	73.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,005	11,460	11,545	45.9	47.9	44.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,595	645	1,950	5.2	2.7	7.4
Children⁶	12,095	6,310	5,785	24.1	26.4	22.0
In a two-parent family	8,180	4,190	3,995	16.3	17.5	15.2
In a one-parent family	3,915	2,125	1,795	7.8	8.9	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,470	5,510	6,965	24.9	23.0	26.5
Living alone	9,750	4,060	5,685	19.4	17.0	21.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,010	460	555	2.0	1.9	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,710	990	720	3.4	4.1	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	13,180	...	...	53.7	...	...
Couple-family households	10,910	...	...	44.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,105	...	...	16.7	...	...
Without children	6,800	...	...	27.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,265	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	455	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	875	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	9,750	...	...	39.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	42,525	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,810	19,755	22,055	98.3	98.4	98.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	34,000	38,000	42,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,820	19,755	22,060	98.3	98.4	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,000	34,000	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,415	17,690	18,720	85.6	88.1	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	36,000	25,000	30,000	36,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,640	13,645	12,990	62.6	68.0	57.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,600	33,600	38,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,470	16,655	19,820	85.8	82.9	88.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	12,100	13,800	13,200	12,100	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,965	2,690	2,275	11.7	13.4	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,360	5,480	5,520	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,795	5,680	5,110	25.4	28.3	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,000	7,500	6,550	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	42,525	20,080	22,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,780	19,755	22,025	98.2	98.4	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,360	51,200	41,960	46,360	51,200	41,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,795	19,760	22,030	98.3	98.4	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,880	42,040	36,040	38,880	42,040	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,225	17,470	18,755	85.2	87.0	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,040	46,080	34,400	40,040	46,080	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,640	13,600	13,040	62.6	67.7	58.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	46,480	37,760	42,240	46,480	37,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,475	16,655	19,820	85.8	82.9	88.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,320	12,420	14,060	13,320	12,420	14,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,110	2,665	2,445	12.0	13.3	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,530	6,430	6,630	6,530	6,430	6,630
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,485	5,530	4,955	24.7	27.5	22.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760	7,450	8,120	7,760	7,450	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	42,525	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,280	6,465	5,820	28.9	32.2	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	57,600	48,800	52,800	57,600	48,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,500	66,800	55,600	61,500	66,800	55,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,915	5,195	5,725	25.7	25.9	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,800	17,400	19,600	22,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	33,280	25,760	29,320	33,280	25,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0	79.6	69.8	75.0	79.6	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.1	62.5	53.3	58.1	62.5	53.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.1	20.4	30.2	25.1	20.4	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.8	5.6	5.2	4.8	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	42,530	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	720	325	395	1.7	1.6	1.8
With total income	41,805	19,750	22,055	98.3	98.4	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,425	1,015	1,405	5.8	5.1	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,620	2,110	3,505	13.4	10.7	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,090	3,370	4,715	19.4	17.1	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,020	2,760	3,265	14.4	14.0	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,615	2,655	2,965	13.4	13.4	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,170	2,045	2,125	10.0	10.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,885	1,585	1,300	6.9	8.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,055	1,240	815	4.9	6.3	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,680	940	745	4.0	4.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	965	565	400	2.3	2.9	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,280	1,475	805	5.5	7.5	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	1,630	1,020	610	3.9	5.2	2.8
$150,000 and over	655	455	200	1.6	2.3	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	42,530	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	705	325	385	1.7	1.6	1.7
With after-tax income	41,820	19,755	22,060	98.3	98.4	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,635	1,075	1,555	6.3	5.4	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,925	2,250	3,675	14.2	11.4	16.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,315	3,960	5,355	22.3	20.0	24.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,590	3,605	3,985	18.1	18.2	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,140	3,045	3,095	14.7	15.4	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,970	2,185	1,790	9.5	11.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,660	1,500	1,160	6.4	7.6	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,480	825	655	3.5	4.2	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	795	455	345	1.9	2.3	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	440	280	160	1.1	1.4	0.7
$100,000 and over	860	575	285	2.1	2.9	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	435	275	160	1.0	1.4	0.7
$125,000 and over	425	295	130	1.0	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	42,530	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,885	6,435	9,455	37.4	32.0	42.1
With employment income	26,640	13,650	12,990	62.6	68.0	57.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,600	1,880	1,720	13.5	13.8	13.2
$5,000 to $9,999	2,065	890	1,180	7.8	6.5	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,460	1,505	1,955	13.0	11.0	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,095	1,375	1,715	11.6	10.1	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,910	1,455	1,460	10.9	10.7	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,865	1,410	1,450	10.8	10.3	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,190	1,200	990	8.2	8.8	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,670	1,015	655	6.3	7.4	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,355	840	515	5.1	6.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	655	585	4.6	4.8	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	640	390	245	2.4	2.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,555	1,040	510	5.8	7.6	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	815	510	305	3.1	3.7	2.3
$125,000 and over	735	530	205	2.8	3.9	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	42,525	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,270	19,475	21,800	97.0	97.0	97.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	30,400	34,800	40,000	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	41,290	19,475	21,815	97.1	97.0	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,000	31,400	35,200	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,855	17,450	18,405	84.3	86.9	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,400	25,600	30,600	36,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,795	13,670	13,130	63.0	68.1	58.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	29,600	34,000	38,800	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,640	15,025	18,620	79.1	74.8	83.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	8,900	11,300	10,300	8,900	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,650	2,545	2,115	10.9	12.7	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,560	4,520	4,560	4,560	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	42,525	20,080	22,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,340	19,510	21,835	97.2	97.2	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	49,760	38,280	43,720	49,760	38,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,355	19,515	21,840	97.2	97.2	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,840	36,400	40,400	32,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,795	17,275	18,515	84.2	86.0	82.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,280	47,600	33,480	40,280	47,600	33,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,845	13,645	13,200	63.1	68.0	58.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	46,800	36,640	41,800	46,800	36,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,745	15,035	18,710	79.4	74.9	83.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,820	9,890	11,560	10,820	9,890	11,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,665	2,440	2,220	11.0	12.2	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,290	5,570	7,090	6,290	5,570	7,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	42,525	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,210	6,440	5,765	28.7	32.1	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	55,200	45,600	50,000	55,200	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,950	63,850	51,300	57,950	63,850	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,285	4,860	5,420	24.2	24.2	24.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	29,800	20,800	24,000	29,800	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	38,520	28,000	33,000	38,520	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.8	84.6	74.2	79.8	84.6	74.2
Employment income (%)	62.1	65.8	57.8	62.1	65.8	57.8
Government transfers (%)	20.2	15.3	25.9	20.2	15.3	25.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	24,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...	31,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	24,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,160	...	...	43,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,880	...	...	36,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	730	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,900	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,185	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,130	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,330	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,465	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,285	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,220	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,905	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,745	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,515	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,230	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,215	...	...	25.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,310	...	...	9.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,455	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,505	...	...	6.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	945	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	130	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	770	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,015	...	...	8.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,435	...	...	5.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,385	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,690	...	...	6.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,685	...	...	6.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,410	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,450	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,165	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,885	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,470	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,260	...	...	17.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,995	...	...	8.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,100	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,170	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,460	5,050	6,410	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	37,200	32,000	34,000	37,200	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	32,800	29,800	31,000	32,800	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...	88,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,100	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...	144,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,450	5,025	6,425	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,760	43,840	40,080	41,760	43,840	40,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	36,840	35,080	35,880	36,840	35,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,040	4,535	4,510	18.0	19.0	17.2
0 to 5 years	2,855	1,430	1,420	5.7	6.0	5.4
18 to 64 years	28,195	13,680	14,510	56.2	57.2	55.3
65 years and over	12,930	5,715	7,215	25.8	23.9	27.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,385	3,110	4,275	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,165	575	585	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	195	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,410	1,580	1,835	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,815	955	1,855	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	13.0	16.3	14.7	13.0	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	13.6	14.5	14.1	13.6	14.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	11.5	12.6	12.1	11.5	12.6
65 years and over (%)	21.8	16.7	25.8	21.8	16.7	25.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	50,165	23,925	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,045	4,530	4,510	18.0	18.9	17.2
0 to 5 years	2,855	1,435	1,425	5.7	6.0	5.4
18 to 64 years	28,190	13,680	14,515	56.2	57.2	55.3
65 years and over	12,930	5,715	7,220	25.8	23.9	27.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,235	1,095	1,135	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	260	130	130	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	35	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,740	875	870	...	...	...
65 years and over	230	90	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.6	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.4	6.0	6.2	6.4	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	31,670	14,615	17,055	63.1	61.1	65.0
In bottom decile	6,170	2,620	3,550	12.3	11.0	13.5
In second decile	6,825	3,095	3,730	13.6	12.9	14.2
In third decile	6,670	3,130	3,540	13.3	13.1	13.5
In fourth decile	6,325	3,015	3,315	12.6	12.6	12.6
In fifth decile	5,685	2,760	2,920	11.3	11.5	11.1
In top half of the distribution	18,495	9,305	9,190	36.9	38.9	35.0
In sixth decile	4,965	2,495	2,475	9.9	10.4	9.4
In seventh decile	4,730	2,365	2,370	9.4	9.9	9.0
In eighth decile	3,805	1,910	1,890	7.6	8.0	7.2
In ninth decile	3,025	1,535	1,500	6.0	6.4	5.7
In top decile	1,970	1,015	960	3.9	4.2	3.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	50,165	...	...	50,165	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.468	...	...	0.468	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	52,155	24,610	27,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	125	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	36,105	15,955	20,150	69.2	64.8	73.2
English and French	15,795	8,535	7,260	30.3	34.7	26.4
Neither English nor French	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	52,155	24,610	27,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	630	335	290	1.2	1.4	1.1
French	51,135	24,085	27,050	98.0	97.9	98.2
English and French	275	145	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Neither English nor French	125	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	52,155	24,610	27,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,445	24,265	27,180	98.6	98.6	98.7
Official languages	49,825	23,485	26,345	95.5	95.4	95.6
English	515	265	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	49,310	23,215	26,095	94.5	94.3	94.7
Non-official languages	1,620	785	840	3.1	3.2	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	125	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,490	730	760	2.9	3.0	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	150	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	145	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	140	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	25	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	715	320	390	1.4	1.3	1.4
Albanian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	565	240	320	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	460	195	265	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	715	350	365	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	395	195	195	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	260	120	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	52,155	24,610	27,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	230	120	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
French	48,635	22,860	25,775	93.3	92.9	93.6
Non-official language	425	200	230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	385	175	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	1,425	740	685	2.7	3.0	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,055	490	570	2.0	2.0	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	150	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	52,155	24,610	27,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,525	24,315	27,210	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	50,645	23,905	26,745	97.1	97.1	97.1
English	395	190	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	50,255	23,710	26,545	96.4	96.3	96.4
Non-official languages	875	415	460	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	805	380	430	1.5	1.5	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	395	175	220	0.8	0.7	0.8
Albanian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	320	135	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	290	125	165	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	635	295	340	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	315	150	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	265	120	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	52,160	24,615	27,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,880	23,445	26,435	95.6	95.2	96.0
English	1,035	575	465	2.0	2.3	1.7
French	435	195	240	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	540	260	275	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	485	230	250	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	140	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	50,035	23,885	26,150	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	15,555	8,495	7,060	31.0	35.5	26.9
French	49,895	23,785	26,105	99.5	99.4	99.5
Non-official languages	3,455	1,670	1,775	6.9	7.0	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	95	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	195	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	195	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,245	1,575	1,670	6.5	6.6	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	290	200	1.0	1.2	0.8
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	290	195	1.0	1.2	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	475	285	195	0.9	1.2	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	85	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian Creole	125	65	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,025	945	1,080	4.0	3.9	4.1
Albanian	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,715	800	920	3.4	3.3	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	70	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,535	685	850	3.1	2.9	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	165	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	220	115	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	975	470	510	1.9	2.0	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	870	425	450	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	610	295	305	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	265	125	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	49,190	23,455	25,735	98.1	98.0	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	380	165	210	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	49,785	23,755	26,030	99.2	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,395	...	...	50.5	...	...
Renter	12,170	...	...	49.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,210	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not condominium	22,355	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,790	...	...	15.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,360	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,375	...	...	30.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,915	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,940	...	...	40.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,480	...	...	18.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,440	...	...	9.9	...	...
7 rooms	2,460	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,250	...	...	21.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,425	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	23,935	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	630	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,820	...	...	15.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,170	...	...	29.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,035	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,805	...	...	11.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,750	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,120	...	...	8.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,835	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,025	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	23,415	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,930	...	...	60.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,190	...	...	37.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	440	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	780	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,005	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,570	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,430	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,950	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,050	...	...	20.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,010	...	...	12.3	...	...
85 years and over	765	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	24,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,165	...	...	82.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,365	...	...	17.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,105	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	24,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,865	...	...	23.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,155	...	...	16.9	...	...
Not suitable only	530	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	900	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	18,700	...	...	76.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,395	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not in core need	22,875	...	...	94.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,385	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.1	...	...	58.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,014	...	...	1,014	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	260,000	...	...	260,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	292,400	...	...	292,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,170	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.9	...	...	27.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	841	...	...	841	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	900	445	460	1.8	1.9	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	895	445	455	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	820	420	405	1.6	1.8	1.5
Métis single ancestry	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,115	540	575	2.2	2.3	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,110	535	575	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,035	500	535	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	48,150	22,945	25,205	96.0	95.9	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	50,165	23,920	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	49,160	23,450	25,715	98.0	98.0	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,840	4,440	4,395	17.6	18.6	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	40,320	19,010	21,315	80.4	79.5	81.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,005	475	530	2.0	2.0	2.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	50,165	23,920	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	47,725	22,715	25,015	95.1	95.0	95.3
Immigrants⁸¹	2,120	1,035	1,080	4.2	4.3	4.1
Before 1980	295	155	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
1980 to 1990	190	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
1991 to 2000	265	135	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
2001 to 2010	505	270	235	1.0	1.1	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	855	385	475	1.7	1.6	1.8
2011 to 2015	360	170	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
2016 to 2021	495	215	280	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	175	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,120	1,040	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	240	125	120	11.3	12.0	11.1
5 to 14 years	435	205	230	20.5	19.7	21.3
15 to 24 years	410	205	200	19.3	19.7	18.5
25 to 44 years	930	465	470	43.9	44.7	43.5
45 years and over	100	45	60	4.7	4.3	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,120	1,040	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	545	265	275	25.7	25.5	25.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	240	105	135	11.3	10.1	12.5
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	90	50	40	4.2	4.8	3.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	15	1.4	1.0	1.4
Peru	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	30	10	1.9	2.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	130	70	60	6.1	6.7	5.6
Europe	630	310	320	29.7	29.8	29.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	1.9	2.4	1.4
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	350	165	185	16.5	15.9	17.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	15	15	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.4
Romania	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	15	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	135	60	75	6.4	5.8	6.9
Africa	670	325	345	31.6	31.3	31.9
Algeria	75	40	35	3.5	3.8	3.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	90	80	8.0	8.7	7.4
Egypt	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	115	60	55	5.4	5.8	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	295	120	175	13.9	11.5	16.2
Asia	270	135	135	12.7	13.0	12.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	30	10	2.1	2.9	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	95	50	50	4.5	4.8	4.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	15	1.2	0.0	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	30	45	3.5	2.9	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	500	220	280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	25	40	13.0	11.4	14.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	0	30	7.0	0.0	10.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	3.0	4.5	0.0
Europe	80	30	45	16.0	13.6	16.1
France	50	20	35	10.0	9.1	12.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	5.0	6.8	3.6
Africa	220	90	130	44.0	40.9	46.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	45	50	18.0	20.5	17.9
Côte d'Ivoire	35	20	20	7.0	9.1	7.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	3.0	0.0	3.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	2.0	0.0	3.6
Other places of birth in Africa	45	15	25	9.0	6.8	8.9
Asia	130	70	60	26.0	31.8	21.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	25	0	6.0	11.4	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	50	18.0	18.2	17.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,525	1,240	1,285	5.0	5.2	4.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,885	980	905	3.8	4.1	3.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,755	21,700	24,050	91.2	90.7	91.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,820	880	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	490	245	245	26.9	27.8	26.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	220	165	55	12.1	18.8	5.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	265	80	190	14.6	9.1	20.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	510	235	275	28.0	26.7	29.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	810	405	405	44.5	46.0	43.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,820	880	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	80	40	35	4.4	4.5	3.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	180	115	65	9.9	13.1	6.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	20	25	2.5	2.3	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	35	30	3.8	4.0	3.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,430	665	770	78.6	75.6	81.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,240	1,120	1,125	4.5	4.7	4.3
South Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese	85	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	955	470	485	1.9	2.0	1.8
Filipino	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab	440	255	190	0.9	1.1	0.7
Latin American	470	205	265	0.9	0.9	1.0
Southeast Asian	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Asian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	47,925	22,805	25,120	95.5	95.3	95.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	50,165	23,925	26,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,665	8,720	9,955	37.2	36.4	37.9
English	455	230	225	0.9	1.0	0.9
Irish	2,045	855	1,195	4.1	3.6	4.6
Scottish	670	320	350	1.3	1.3	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,725	5,720	6,000	23.4	23.9	22.9
German	335	180	155	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	680	390	285	1.4	1.6	1.1
Indian (India)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	175	100	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Québécois	9,335	4,460	4,875	18.6	18.6	18.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Filipino	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	4,780	2,190	2,590	9.5	9.2	9.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	735	370	365	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	880	430	450	1.8	1.8	1.7
Métis	150	55	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	420	200	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
American	185	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Spanish	240	100	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	785	370	415	1.6	1.5	1.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	185	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	105	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	475	220	255	0.9	0.9	1.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	305	160	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	210	120	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Haitian	235	130	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	110	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	275	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
Moroccan	145	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	135	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Brazilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	230	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	75	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	145	100	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	200	70	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	50,165	23,925	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	65	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian	34,785	16,005	18,780	69.3	66.9	71.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,495	1,165	1,330	5.0	4.9	5.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	75	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catholic	31,470	14,455	17,015	62.7	60.4	64.8
Christian Orthodox	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	155	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	160	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	350	155	195	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	660	355	300	1.3	1.5	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	14,420	7,405	7,010	28.7	31.0	26.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	49,805	23,770	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	43,475	20,805	22,670	87.3	87.5	87.1
Movers	6,330	2,965	3,365	12.7	12.5	12.9
Non-migrants	2,505	1,135	1,375	5.0	4.8	5.3
Migrants	3,820	1,830	1,990	7.7	7.7	7.6
Internal migrants	3,730	1,780	1,950	7.5	7.5	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,695	1,765	1,930	7.4	7.4	7.4
Interprovincial migrants	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	47,830	22,780	25,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,565	12,585	13,980	55.5	55.2	55.8
Movers	21,260	10,195	11,065	44.4	44.8	44.2
Non-migrants	5,235	2,550	2,685	10.9	11.2	10.7
Migrants	16,030	7,645	8,390	33.5	33.6	33.5
Internal migrants	15,460	7,375	8,085	32.3	32.4	32.3
Intraprovincial migrants	15,340	7,300	8,040	32.1	32.0	32.1
Interprovincial migrants	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	575	270	305	1.2	1.2	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,525	20,080	22,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,110	5,900	5,205	26.1	29.4	23.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,420	14,180	17,240	73.9	70.6	76.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,865	12,090	12,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,145	3,115	2,030	20.7	25.8	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,720	8,980	10,740	79.3	74.3	84.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,525	20,085	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,865	5,020	4,845	23.2	25.0	21.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,245	4,690	5,555	24.1	23.4	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,420	10,375	12,045	52.7	51.7	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,225	7,745	8,480	38.2	38.6	37.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,840	4,540	3,300	18.4	22.6	14.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,875	3,030	2,845	13.8	15.1	12.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,965	1,515	450	4.6	7.5	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,975	2,740	4,235	16.4	13.6	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,410	460	950	3.3	2.3	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,190	2,630	3,565	14.6	13.1	15.9
Bachelor's degree	4,280	1,770	2,505	10.1	8.8	11.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	525	235	285	1.2	1.2	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	150	145	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	960	415	550	2.3	2.1	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,865	12,095	12,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,320	2,535	1,780	17.4	21.0	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,915	2,525	2,385	19.8	20.9	18.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,635	7,030	8,605	62.9	58.1	67.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,240	5,380	5,865	45.2	44.5	45.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,720	3,255	2,465	23.0	26.9	19.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,360	2,170	2,190	17.5	17.9	17.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,360	1,080	280	5.5	8.9	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,655	1,830	2,830	18.7	15.1	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	865	295	570	3.5	2.4	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,390	1,650	2,740	17.7	13.6	21.4
Bachelor's degree	2,970	1,105	1,865	11.9	9.1	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	130	230	1.4	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	105	140	1.0	0.9	1.1
Master's degree	730	285	445	2.9	2.4	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	30	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,530	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,110	9,705	10,400	47.3	48.3	46.3
Education	2,440	645	1,795	5.7	3.2	8.0
13. Education	2,440	645	1,795	5.7	3.2	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	665	315	355	1.6	1.6	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	570	245	325	1.3	1.2	1.4
Humanities	1,085	460	625	2.6	2.3	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	305	380	1.6	1.5	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	30	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,605	525	1,080	3.8	2.6	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	60	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	450	30	425	1.1	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	330	170	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	250	85	165	0.6	0.4	0.7
45. Social sciences	325	170	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	4,670	1,420	3,255	11.0	7.1	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	395	75	320	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,275	1,340	2,930	10.1	6.7	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	480	270	210	1.1	1.3	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	145	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
40. Physical sciences	75	65	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	445	345	95	1.0	1.7	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	295	55	0.8	1.5	0.2
25. Library science	25	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,705	4,360	340	11.1	21.7	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	130	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	345	295	45	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	900	780	120	2.1	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,325	1,285	45	3.1	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,080	1,065	10	2.5	5.3	0.0
48. Precision production	925	860	65	2.2	4.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570	355	215	1.3	1.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	200	200	1.0	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	150	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
Health and related fields	3,755	700	3,050	8.8	3.5	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,495	565	2,935	8.2	2.8	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,995	975	1,020	4.7	4.9	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140	270	870	2.7	1.3	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	405	310	100	1.0	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	400	55	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,865	12,095	12,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,230	5,060	4,170	37.1	41.8	32.6
Education	1,510	350	1,165	6.1	2.9	9.1
13. Education	1,510	350	1,165	6.1	2.9	9.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	475	225	250	1.9	1.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	425	190	240	1.7	1.6	1.9
Humanities	680	290	390	2.7	2.4	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	185	225	1.6	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	65	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,120	260	855	4.5	2.1	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	15	85	0.4	0.1	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	370	20	350	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	220	95	125	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	195	60	135	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	200	70	125	0.8	0.6	1.0
Business, management and public administration	3,215	925	2,295	12.9	7.6	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	240	35	205	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,975	885	2,090	12.0	7.3	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	265	150	125	1.1	1.2	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	30	65	0.4	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	55	45	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	255	75	1.3	2.1	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	270	230	45	1.1	1.9	0.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,400	3,105	300	13.7	25.7	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	125	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	255	220	35	1.0	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	635	530	100	2.6	4.4	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	930	890	40	3.7	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	800	790	10	3.2	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	655	600	50	2.6	5.0	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	440	260	175	1.8	2.1	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	145	165	1.2	1.2	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	115	10	0.5	1.0	0.1
Health and related fields	2,690	485	2,210	10.8	4.0	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,505	395	2,105	10.1	3.3	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,510	730	780	6.1	6.0	6.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	825	170	655	3.3	1.4	5.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	245	70	1.3	2.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	320	50	1.5	2.6	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	24,865	12,095	12,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,230	5,060	4,170	37.1	41.8	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,635	7,030	8,605	62.9	58.1	67.4
Location of study inside Canada	15,095	6,725	8,370	60.7	55.6	65.5
Same as province or territory of residence	14,940	6,630	8,315	60.1	54.8	65.1
Different than province or territory of residence	155	90	55	0.6	0.7	0.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	540	310	235	2.2	2.6	1.8
Americas	110	60	60	0.4	0.5	0.5
United States of America	30	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	215	110	105	0.9	0.9	0.8
Belgium	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	170	90	80	0.7	0.7	0.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	160	95	65	0.6	0.8	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	95	60	30	0.4	0.5	0.2
Asia	50	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	40	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	42,525	20,085	22,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,545	11,770	11,770	...	...	...
Employed	21,890	10,980	10,910	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,655	790	860	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,985	8,310	10,670	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.4	58.6	52.4	55.4	58.6	52.4
Employment rate	51.5	54.7	48.6	51.5	54.7	48.6
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.7	7.3	7.0	6.7	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	42,530	20,080	22,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,660	8,060	10,610	43.9	40.1	47.3
Worked	23,865	12,025	11,835	56.1	59.9	52.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,575	6,655	5,925	29.6	33.1	26.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,290	5,370	5,920	26.5	26.7	26.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.7	41.0	41.3	41.7	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,545	11,770	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	495	200	285	2.1	1.7	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	23,050	11,565	11,480	97.9	98.3	97.5
Employee	20,635	10,165	10,465	87.6	86.4	88.9
Permanent position	17,740	8,870	8,875	75.3	75.4	75.4
Temporary position	2,895	1,295	1,595	12.3	11.0	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	895	360	540	3.8	3.1	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,995	940	1,060	8.5	8.0	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,420	1,405	1,015	10.3	11.9	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,545	11,770	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	495	200	285	2.1	1.7	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	23,050	11,565	11,480	97.9	98.3	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	380	260	115	1.6	2.2	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,265	1,025	2,240	13.9	8.7	19.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	945	705	240	4.0	6.0	2.0
3 Health occupations	2,515	445	2,070	10.7	3.8	17.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,310	925	2,385	14.1	7.9	20.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	465	210	250	2.0	1.8	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	6,250	2,700	3,550	26.5	22.9	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,320	4,020	300	18.3	34.2	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	365	295	65	1.6	2.5	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,235	970	265	5.2	8.2	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,545	11,770	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	495	200	285	2.1	1.7	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	23,050	11,565	11,480	97.9	98.3	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	290	210	85	1.2	1.8	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	105	80	30	0.4	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	1,850	1,630	215	7.9	13.8	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,510	1,970	540	10.7	16.7	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	690	545	150	2.9	4.6	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	3,490	1,545	1,945	14.8	13.1	16.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	895	745	155	3.8	6.3	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	330	220	110	1.4	1.9	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	555	210	345	2.4	1.8	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	265	150	115	1.1	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,050	515	535	4.5	4.4	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	785	540	250	3.3	4.6	2.1
61 Educational services	2,020	565	1,460	8.6	4.8	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	4,485	865	3,620	19.0	7.3	30.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265	175	95	1.1	1.5	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,275	530	750	5.4	4.5	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,160	575	580	4.9	4.9	4.9
91 Public administration	975	475	500	4.1	4.0	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	25,370	12,750	12,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	130	95	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
French	22,750	11,140	11,605	89.7	87.4	91.9
Non-official language	30	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	2,300	1,430	870	9.1	11.2	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	25,370	12,750	12,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	25,120	12,600	12,525	99.0	98.8	99.2
Official languages	25,075	12,570	12,505	98.8	98.6	99.0
English	370	250	125	1.5	2.0	1.0
French	24,700	12,320	12,380	97.4	96.6	98.1
Non-official languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Atikamekw	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	145	100	1.0	1.1	0.8
English and French	220	140	70	0.9	1.1	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	25,370	12,750	12,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,155	11,405	11,745	91.3	89.5	93.0
English	1,850	1,130	720	7.3	8.9	5.7
French	250	165	85	1.0	1.3	0.7
Non-official language	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,890	10,975	10,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,410	1,105	1,310	11.0	10.1	12.0
Worked outside Canada	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,480	1,885	600	11.3	17.2	5.5
Usual place of work	16,950	7,950	9,005	77.4	72.4	82.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	16,950	7,950	9,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,100	2,195	2,910	30.1	27.6	32.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,630	2,910	3,720	39.1	36.6	41.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,210	2,830	2,380	30.7	35.6	26.4
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	19,435	9,835	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,545	8,950	8,595	90.3	91.0	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,720	8,580	8,135	86.0	87.2	84.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	825	370	460	4.2	3.8	4.8
Public transit	145	65	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
Walked	1,195	490	705	6.1	5.0	7.3
Bicycle	265	190	70	1.4	1.9	0.7
Other method	285	140	145	1.5	1.4	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	19,435	9,835	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,470	4,200	5,270	48.7	42.7	54.9
15 to 29 minutes	5,060	2,500	2,560	26.0	25.4	26.7
30 to 44 minutes	2,430	1,350	1,085	12.5	13.7	11.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,045	695	355	5.4	7.1	3.7
60 minutes and over	1,425	1,090	330	7.3	11.1	3.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	19,435	9,835	9,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,540	1,170	375	7.9	11.9	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,035	2,100	930	15.6	21.4	9.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,810	2,545	3,260	29.9	25.9	34.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,060	1,455	2,610	20.9	14.8	27.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,715	660	1,055	8.8	6.7	11.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,275	1,915	1,365	16.9	19.5	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,220	4,615	4,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	830	430	405	9.0	9.3	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,390	4,190	4,200	91.0	90.8	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,690	3,345	3,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	625	330	290	9.3	9.9	8.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	420	225	195	6.3	6.7	5.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	105	100	3.1	3.1	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,065	3,015	3,055	90.7	90.1	91.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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