Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Joliette, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,384	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,484	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,153	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,568	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	931.2	...	...	931.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.96	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,385	10,090	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,060	1,555	1,500	14.3	15.4	13.3
0 to 4 years	970	495	470	4.5	4.9	4.2
5 to 9 years	1,005	510	490	4.7	5.1	4.3
10 to 14 years	1,085	550	535	5.1	5.5	4.7
15 to 64 years	12,685	6,170	6,515	59.3	61.1	57.7
15 to 19 years	970	475	495	4.5	4.7	4.4
20 to 24 years	1,155	550	610	5.4	5.5	5.4
25 to 29 years	1,350	710	640	6.3	7.0	5.7
30 to 34 years	1,245	630	615	5.8	6.2	5.4
35 to 39 years	1,235	630	605	5.8	6.2	5.4
40 to 44 years	1,255	630	620	5.9	6.2	5.5
45 to 49 years	1,075	510	565	5.0	5.1	5.0
50 to 54 years	1,090	520	565	5.1	5.2	5.0
55 to 59 years	1,525	720	805	7.1	7.1	7.1
60 to 64 years	1,785	790	995	8.3	7.8	8.8
65 years and over	5,640	2,365	3,280	26.4	23.4	29.0
65 to 69 years	1,670	745	920	7.8	7.4	8.1
70 to 74 years	1,355	615	745	6.3	6.1	6.6
75 to 79 years	1,165	480	685	5.4	4.8	6.1
80 to 84 years	705	290	415	3.3	2.9	3.7
85 years and over	745	235	510	3.5	2.3	4.5
85 to 89 years	450	150	295	2.1	1.5	2.6
90 to 94 years	225	65	155	1.1	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	60	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.4	13.3	14.3	15.4	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.3	61.1	57.7	59.3	61.1	57.7
65 years and over	26.4	23.4	29.0	26.4	23.4	29.0
85 years and over	3.5	2.3	4.5	3.5	2.3	4.5
Average age of the population	45.7	43.8	47.4	45.7	43.8	47.4
Median age of the population	46.8	44.0	50.0	46.8	44.0	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,210	...	...	30.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	295	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	285	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,155	...	...	10.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,305	...	...	50.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	1.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,810	...	...	45.5	...	...
2 persons	3,535	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 persons	1,040	...	...	9.8	...	...
4 persons	755	...	...	7.1	...	...
5 or more persons	430	...	...	4.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,470	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,330	8,530	9,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,380	4,185	4,190	45.7	49.1	42.8
Married	4,180	2,095	2,080	22.8	24.6	21.2
Living common-law	4,200	2,090	2,105	22.9	24.5	21.5
Living common law - Never married	3,345	1,650	1,690	18.2	19.3	17.3
Living common law - Separated	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	710	370	340	3.9	4.3	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	105	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	9,950	4,345	5,600	54.3	50.9	57.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,495	3,250	3,250	35.4	38.1	33.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	275	110	160	1.5	1.3	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,900	695	1,205	10.4	8.1	12.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,280	295	985	7.0	3.5	10.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,365	...	...	63.1	...	...
3 persons	910	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	715	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	350	...	...	6.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,100	...	...	76.8	...	...
Married couples	2,000	...	...	37.5	...	...
With children⁶	610	...	...	11.4	...	...
Without children	1,390	...	...	26.0	...	...
Common-law couples	2,100	...	...	39.3	...	...
With children⁶	900	...	...	16.9	...	...
Without children	1,200	...	...	22.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,240	...	...	23.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	950	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	290	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,470	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,265	6,900	7,365	69.7	70.4	69.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,195	4,095	4,105	40.0	41.8	38.5
Parents in one-parent families	1,240	290	950	6.1	3.0	8.9
Children⁶	4,830	2,525	2,305	23.6	25.8	21.6
In a two-parent family	2,910	1,515	1,395	14.2	15.5	13.1
In a one-parent family	1,920	1,005	910	9.4	10.3	8.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,205	2,900	3,310	30.3	29.6	31.0
Living alone	4,805	2,100	2,705	23.5	21.4	25.3
Living with other relatives⁷	470	225	250	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	930	575	355	4.5	5.9	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,980	...	...	47.1	...	...
Couple-family households	3,890	...	...	36.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,430	...	...	13.5	...	...
Without children	2,465	...	...	23.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,090	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	95	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	195	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	475	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	4,805	...	...	45.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,075	8,090	8,990	98.0	98.1	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,400	34,800	38,000	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,080	8,090	8,990	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,000	29,200	31,400	34,000	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,095	6,895	7,200	80.9	83.6	78.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	32,800	23,600	28,000	32,800	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,560	5,425	5,135	60.6	65.8	56.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,000	26,400	30,000	34,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,220	7,015	8,205	87.4	85.1	89.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	11,900	14,400	13,400	11,900	14,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,040	1,125	920	11.7	13.6	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,320	5,480	5,480	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,580	2,430	2,150	26.3	29.5	23.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,090	8,100	8,990	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,080	45,240	39,240	42,080	45,240	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,100	8,105	8,990	98.2	98.3	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	37,880	34,320	36,000	37,880	34,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,040	6,820	7,220	80.6	82.7	78.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,480	40,960	32,240	36,480	40,960	32,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,560	5,400	5,160	60.6	65.5	56.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,480	40,720	34,120	37,480	40,720	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,290	7,015	8,275	87.8	85.1	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,540	12,410	14,500	13,540	12,410	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,095	1,095	1,005	12.0	13.3	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,500	6,300	6,400	6,500	6,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,480	2,440	2,045	25.7	29.6	22.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,120	7,880	8,400	8,120	7,880	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,415	8,240	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,610	2,455	2,155	26.5	29.8	23.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	50,400	46,000	48,400	50,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,150	58,000	51,900	55,150	58,000	51,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,475	2,160	2,315	25.7	26.2	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,400	16,200	18,000	20,400	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	28,640	23,120	25,800	28,640	23,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.2	76.2	66.0	71.2	76.2	66.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.1	60.0	50.0	55.1	60.0	50.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.8	23.8	34.0	28.8	23.8	34.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	6.1	6.3	6.2	6.1	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	5.3	4.9	5.1	5.3	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	340	155	185	2.0	1.9	2.0
With total income	17,080	8,085	8,985	98.1	98.1	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,070	495	570	6.3	6.1	6.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,645	1,100	1,545	15.5	13.6	17.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,615	1,470	2,145	21.2	18.2	23.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,535	1,215	1,325	14.8	15.0	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,275	1,080	1,195	13.3	13.4	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,555	765	790	9.1	9.5	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,060	560	500	6.2	6.9	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	715	410	305	4.2	5.1	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	555	320	230	3.2	4.0	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	325	195	130	1.9	2.4	1.4
$100,000 and over	730	470	260	4.3	5.8	2.9
$100,000 to $149,999	510	325	190	3.0	4.0	2.1
$150,000 and over	215	145	70	1.3	1.8	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	335	155	185	1.9	1.9	2.0
With after-tax income	17,080	8,095	8,990	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,145	520	625	6.7	6.4	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,750	1,155	1,595	16.1	14.3	17.7
$20,000 to $29,999	4,190	1,775	2,415	24.5	21.9	26.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,155	1,535	1,620	18.5	19.0	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,320	1,150	1,170	13.6	14.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,430	740	690	8.4	9.1	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	895	510	390	5.2	6.3	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	525	305	225	3.1	3.8	2.5
$80,000 to $89,999	255	145	110	1.5	1.8	1.2
$90,000 to $99,999	130	75	50	0.8	0.9	0.6
$100,000 and over	290	185	100	1.7	2.3	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	150	90	60	0.9	1.1	0.7
$125,000 and over	135	90	40	0.8	1.1	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,855	2,815	4,040	39.4	34.1	44.0
With employment income	10,560	5,430	5,130	60.6	65.9	55.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,470	720	750	13.9	13.3	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	895	405	490	8.5	7.5	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,560	715	845	14.8	13.2	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,355	625	730	12.8	11.5	14.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,230	650	580	11.6	12.0	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,150	585	565	10.9	10.8	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	800	455	345	7.6	8.4	6.7
$60,000 to $69,999	610	350	255	5.8	6.4	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	415	245	170	3.9	4.5	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	420	230	185	4.0	4.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	205	140	70	1.9	2.6	1.4
$100,000 and over	460	305	155	4.4	5.6	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	245	150	95	2.3	2.8	1.9
$125,000 and over	215	155	60	2.0	2.9	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,830	7,960	8,875	96.6	96.5	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	35,200	27,600	30,800	35,200	27,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,845	7,960	8,885	96.7	96.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	31,400	26,000	28,200	31,400	26,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,900	6,815	7,085	79.8	82.7	77.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	33,600	23,800	28,400	33,600	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,560	5,385	5,170	60.6	65.3	56.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	34,400	26,400	30,400	34,400	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,120	6,380	7,735	81.1	77.4	84.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,500	11,500	10,000	8,500	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,830	995	840	10.5	12.1	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,480	4,400	4,440	4,480	4,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,880	7,955	8,935	96.9	96.5	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,640	42,520	35,160	38,640	42,520	35,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,890	7,955	8,935	97.0	96.5	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,000	35,560	30,760	33,000	35,560	30,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,885	6,705	7,180	79.7	81.3	78.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,840	41,240	30,760	35,840	41,240	30,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,555	5,330	5,220	60.6	64.6	56.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,160	41,440	32,720	37,160	41,440	32,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,300	6,425	7,880	82.1	77.9	85.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,810	9,580	11,820	10,810	9,580	11,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,915	975	940	11.0	11.8	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,950	6,780	6,360	5,950	6,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,415	8,240	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,545	2,435	2,110	26.1	29.6	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	48,400	43,200	45,600	48,400	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,300	55,700	48,440	52,300	55,700	48,440
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,150	1,965	2,190	23.8	23.8	23.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	28,400	18,200	21,800	28,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	33,840	24,960	29,160	33,840	24,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.2	81.8	70.4	76.2	81.8	70.4
Employment income (%)	60.1	65.4	54.4	60.1	65.4	54.4
Government transfers (%)	23.7	18.2	29.7	23.7	18.2	29.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.0	1.9	1.7	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	31,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,200	...	...	29,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,250	...	...	58,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,960	...	...	39,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,640	...	...	34,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	3.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	480	...	...	4.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,000	...	...	9.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	590	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	585	...	...	5.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	620	...	...	5.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	680	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	565	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	915	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	830	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	695	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	590	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	455	...	...	4.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,080	...	...	19.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	845	...	...	8.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	475	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	465	...	...	4.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	295	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	3.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	500	...	...	4.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,065	...	...	10.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	720	...	...	6.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	710	...	...	6.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	755	...	...	7.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	725	...	...	6.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	625	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	990	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	885	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	720	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	570	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	430	...	...	4.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,355	...	...	12.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	650	...	...	6.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	350	...	...	3.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	360	...	...	3.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,735	2,675	3,060	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,800	29,000	30,600	32,800	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,400	29,800	27,600	28,400	29,800	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	65,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,200	...	...	58,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,730	2,635	3,090	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,880	39,600	38,240	38,880	39,600	38,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,840	34,080	33,640	33,840	34,080	33,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,475	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,620	1,825	1,795	17.7	18.6	16.8
0 to 5 years	1,155	580	570	5.6	5.9	5.3
18 to 64 years	11,970	5,860	6,105	58.5	59.8	57.2
65 years and over	4,885	2,110	2,775	23.9	21.5	26.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,275	1,855	2,415	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	755	370	380	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	265	130	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,230	1,045	1,190	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,290	445	850	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.9	19.0	22.6	20.9	19.0	22.6
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	20.3	21.3	20.8	20.3	21.3
0 to 5 years (%)	23.0	22.0	24.0	23.0	22.0	24.0
18 to 64 years (%)	18.6	17.8	19.4	18.6	17.8	19.4
65 years and over (%)	26.4	21.0	30.5	26.4	21.0	30.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,470	9,795	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,615	1,825	1,790	17.7	18.6	16.8
0 to 5 years	1,155	585	570	5.6	6.0	5.3
18 to 64 years	11,970	5,865	6,110	58.5	59.9	57.2
65 years and over	4,890	2,110	2,780	23.9	21.5	26.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,500	745	755	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	165	85	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	20	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,230	615	615	...	...	...
65 years and over	100	40	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	7.6	7.1	7.3	7.6	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.5	10.0	10.3	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,470	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	14,405	6,725	7,680	70.4	68.6	71.9
In bottom decile	3,735	1,645	2,085	18.2	16.8	19.5
In second decile	3,220	1,490	1,725	15.7	15.2	16.2
In third decile	2,940	1,395	1,540	14.4	14.2	14.4
In fourth decile	2,415	1,170	1,240	11.8	11.9	11.6
In fifth decile	2,110	1,025	1,080	10.3	10.5	10.1
In top half of the distribution	6,065	3,075	2,995	29.6	31.4	28.1
In sixth decile	1,705	855	845	8.3	8.7	7.9
In seventh decile	1,635	800	830	8.0	8.2	7.8
In eighth decile	1,240	640	595	6.1	6.5	5.6
In ninth decile	900	455	445	4.4	4.6	4.2
In top decile	590	315	275	2.9	3.2	2.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,470	...	...	20,470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.502	...	...	0.502	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,040	10,010	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	70	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	14,375	6,360	8,015	68.3	63.5	72.7
English and French	6,510	3,570	2,935	30.9	35.7	26.6
Neither English nor French	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,040	10,010	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	310	180	135	1.5	1.8	1.2
French	20,510	9,725	10,780	97.5	97.2	97.7
English and French	140	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Neither English nor French	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,040	10,010	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,635	9,800	10,835	98.1	97.9	98.2
Official languages	19,660	9,340	10,325	93.4	93.3	93.6
English	240	130	105	1.1	1.3	1.0
French	19,420	9,205	10,215	92.3	92.0	92.6
Non-official languages	970	465	510	4.6	4.6	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	100	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	100	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	100	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Atikamekw	100	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	870	425	445	4.1	4.2	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	95	80	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	90	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	85	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	390	160	225	1.9	1.6	2.0
Albanian	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	115	175	1.4	1.1	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	260	100	160	1.2	1.0	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	65	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	405	205	200	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	200	115	85	1.0	1.1	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	180	80	100	0.9	0.8	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,040	10,010	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
French	19,130	9,040	10,090	90.9	90.3	91.5
Non-official language	270	115	155	1.3	1.1	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	235	100	135	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	685	375	305	3.3	3.7	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	645	305	340	3.1	3.0	3.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,040	10,010	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,690	9,835	10,855	98.3	98.3	98.4
Official languages	20,110	9,575	10,535	95.6	95.7	95.5
English	195	100	95	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	19,915	9,475	10,445	94.7	94.7	94.7
Non-official languages	580	260	325	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	520	230	290	2.5	2.3	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	240	90	150	1.1	0.9	1.4
Albanian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	65	115	0.9	0.6	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	55	110	0.8	0.5	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	350	170	175	1.7	1.7	1.6
English and French	160	85	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	165	75	90	0.8	0.7	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,040	10,005	11,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,825	9,370	10,460	94.2	93.7	94.8
English	480	280	195	2.3	2.8	1.8
French	275	115	160	1.3	1.1	1.5
Non-official language	315	165	150	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	270	140	130	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,475	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	20,370	9,765	10,605	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	6,460	3,565	2,905	31.6	36.4	27.2
French	20,270	9,685	10,585	99.0	98.8	99.2
Non-official languages	2,070	990	1,080	10.1	10.1	10.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	60	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	130	55	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	55	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Atikamekw	130	55	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,935	930	1,005	9.5	9.5	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	185	145	1.6	1.9	1.4
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	185	145	1.6	1.9	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	330	185	145	1.6	1.9	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	35	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Haitian Creole	65	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,105	510	595	5.4	5.2	5.6
Albanian	90	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
German	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	915	430	490	4.5	4.4	4.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	825	370	450	4.0	3.8	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	130	145	1.3	1.3	1.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	210	110	100	1.0	1.1	0.9
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,470	9,795	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	490	220	265	2.4	2.2	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	445	210	235	2.2	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	360	170	190	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	19,985	9,575	10,410	97.6	97.8	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,470	9,795	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	240	100	145	1.2	1.0	1.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,230	9,700	10,535	98.8	99.0	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,920	...	...	37.1	...	...
Renter	6,650	...	...	62.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,315	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not condominium	9,250	...	...	87.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	2,360	...	...	22.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,935	...	...	37.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,910	...	...	27.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,265	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,095	...	...	48.2	...	...
5 rooms	2,270	...	...	21.5	...	...
6 rooms	905	...	...	8.6	...	...
7 rooms	750	...	...	7.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,550	...	...	14.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,480	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	10,185	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	380	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,770	...	...	26.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,105	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,245	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,120	...	...	10.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	440	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	665	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	530	...	...	5.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	685	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,895	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	675	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,945	...	...	65.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,415	...	...	32.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	210	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	500	...	...	4.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,405	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,530	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,455	...	...	13.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,235	...	...	21.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,045	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,145	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	255	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,540	...	...	81.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,000	...	...	19.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,885	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,890	...	...	27.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,880	...	...	17.8	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	525	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,680	...	...	72.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	930	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	9,500	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	...	...	56.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	973	...	...	973	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	278,800	...	...	278,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,645	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	710	...	...	710	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	764	...	...	764	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,475	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	485	250	235	2.4	2.6	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	485	250	235	2.4	2.6	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	470	250	220	2.3	2.6	2.1
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	400	205	195	2.0	2.1	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	400	205	195	2.0	2.1	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	390	195	190	1.9	2.0	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,590	9,340	10,245	95.7	95.3	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,475	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,720	9,445	10,280	96.3	96.4	96.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,360	1,745	1,615	16.4	17.8	15.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,360	7,700	8,665	79.9	78.6	81.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	755	355	400	3.7	3.6	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,475	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,955	9,065	9,890	92.6	92.5	92.6
Immigrants⁸¹	1,260	605	655	6.2	6.2	6.1
Before 1980	140	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
1980 to 1990	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	155	80	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
2001 to 2010	275	140	135	1.3	1.4	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	610	285	330	3.0	2.9	3.1
2011 to 2015	235	115	120	1.1	1.2	1.1
2016 to 2021	380	170	210	1.9	1.7	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	260	130	130	1.3	1.3	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,260	605	655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	150	85	70	11.9	14.0	10.7
5 to 14 years	275	120	160	21.8	19.8	24.4
15 to 24 years	260	135	125	20.6	22.3	19.1
25 to 44 years	490	235	255	38.9	38.8	38.9
45 years and over	75	30	50	6.0	5.0	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,260	605	655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	340	155	180	27.0	25.6	27.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	165	60	100	13.1	9.9	15.3
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	15	20	2.8	2.5	3.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	55	40	7.5	9.1	6.1
Europe	275	140	140	21.8	23.1	21.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	145	75	70	11.5	12.4	10.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	40	60	7.9	6.6	9.2
Africa	440	200	235	34.9	33.1	35.9
Algeria	55	30	25	4.4	5.0	3.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	145	80	65	11.5	13.2	9.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	10	30	3.2	1.7	4.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	200	80	115	15.9	13.2	17.6
Asia	205	105	100	16.3	17.4	15.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	30	10	3.2	5.0	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	95	50	50	7.5	8.3	7.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	2.8	1.7	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	380	165	210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	10	25	9.2	6.1	11.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	0	20	6.6	0.0	9.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	2.6	0.0	0.0
Europe	45	20	20	11.8	12.1	9.5
France	25	10	15	6.6	6.1	7.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	3.9	6.1	0.0
Africa	180	75	110	47.4	45.5	52.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	40	40	21.1	24.2	19.0
Côte d'Ivoire	35	20	20	9.2	12.1	9.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0	20	6.6	0.0	9.5
Asia	125	70	55	32.9	42.4	26.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	25	0	7.9	15.2	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	50	23.7	24.2	23.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,470	9,795	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,560	755	805	7.6	7.7	7.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	840	420	415	4.1	4.3	3.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,075	8,620	9,455	88.3	88.0	88.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,120	540	585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215	115	100	19.2	21.3	17.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	80	25	9.4	14.8	4.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	110	40	75	9.8	7.4	12.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	240	100	140	21.4	18.5	23.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	655	325	335	58.5	60.2	57.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,120	540	585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	20	15	3.1	3.7	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100	70	35	8.9	13.0	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	20	25	4.0	3.7	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	15	20	3.1	2.8	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	895	405	480	79.9	75.0	82.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,470	9,795	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,460	710	750	7.1	7.2	7.0
South Asian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese	45	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	640	300	340	3.1	3.1	3.2
Filipino	40	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Arab	275	150	125	1.3	1.5	1.2
Latin American	355	145	215	1.7	1.5	2.0
Southeast Asian	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	19,015	9,095	9,925	92.9	92.9	93.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,475	9,800	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,195	3,315	3,880	35.1	33.8	36.3
English	155	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
Irish	935	405	530	4.6	4.1	5.0
Scottish	255	115	140	1.2	1.2	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,630	2,305	2,330	22.6	23.5	21.8
German	125	65	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	265	155	105	1.3	1.6	1.0
Indian (India)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Polish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Québécois	3,775	1,835	1,935	18.4	18.7	18.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	50	45	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
French Canadian	1,675	795	885	8.2	8.1	8.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	400	200	195	2.0	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	425	215	215	2.1	2.2	2.0
Métis	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
American	55	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Spanish	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	280	120	160	1.4	1.2	1.5
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	45	50	0.4	0.5	0.5
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Greek	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	255	125	135	1.2	1.3	1.3
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90	70	25	0.4	0.7	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian	150	90	65	0.7	0.9	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	90	45	50	0.4	0.5	0.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	205	75	135	1.0	0.8	1.3
Moroccan	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	130	75	55	0.6	0.8	0.5
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Brazilian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	155	80	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	45	35	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Albanian	50	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Norman	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	115	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,470	9,795	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian	13,420	6,120	7,295	65.6	62.5	68.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	970	450	520	4.7	4.6	4.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	11,915	5,445	6,470	58.2	55.6	60.6
Christian Orthodox	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	80	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	275	105	170	1.3	1.1	1.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	485	245	235	2.4	2.5	2.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	6,410	3,350	3,055	31.3	34.2	28.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,325	9,750	10,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,220	8,340	8,885	84.7	85.5	84.0
Movers	3,105	1,415	1,690	15.3	14.5	16.0
Non-migrants	1,375	610	765	6.8	6.3	7.2
Migrants	1,730	805	925	8.5	8.3	8.7
Internal migrants	1,675	780	900	8.2	8.0	8.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,660	770	890	8.2	7.9	8.4
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,480	9,345	10,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,720	4,550	5,175	49.9	48.7	51.0
Movers	9,760	4,790	4,970	50.1	51.3	49.0
Non-migrants	2,910	1,465	1,450	14.9	15.7	14.3
Migrants	6,850	3,330	3,520	35.2	35.6	34.7
Internal migrants	6,380	3,100	3,280	32.8	33.2	32.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,325	3,065	3,260	32.5	32.8	32.1
Interprovincial migrants	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
External migrants	465	230	240	2.4	2.5	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,415	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,190	2,755	2,435	29.8	33.4	26.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,230	5,495	6,735	70.2	66.6	73.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,410	5,155	5,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,750	1,650	1,095	26.4	32.0	20.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,665	3,505	4,155	73.6	68.0	79.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,420	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,650	2,355	2,290	26.7	28.6	25.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,215	1,905	2,310	24.2	23.1	25.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,550	3,980	4,570	49.1	48.3	49.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,110	2,910	3,200	35.1	35.3	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,050	1,770	1,280	17.5	21.5	14.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,270	1,170	1,105	13.0	14.2	12.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	775	600	175	4.4	7.3	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,640	1,010	1,630	15.2	12.2	17.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	130	285	2.4	1.6	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,445	1,075	1,370	14.0	13.0	14.9
Bachelor's degree	1,655	730	930	9.5	8.9	10.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	205	90	110	1.2	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	445	185	270	2.6	2.2	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,410	5,160	5,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,360	1,370	990	22.7	26.6	18.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,070	1,085	985	19.9	21.0	18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,980	2,705	3,275	57.4	52.4	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,260	2,030	2,230	40.9	39.3	42.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,215	1,280	935	21.3	24.8	17.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,650	845	810	15.9	16.4	15.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	560	430	130	5.4	8.3	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,765	660	1,100	17.0	12.8	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	85	185	2.6	1.6	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,720	680	1,045	16.5	13.2	19.9
Bachelor's degree	1,170	470	695	11.2	9.1	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	135	45	90	1.3	0.9	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	25	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	320	115	205	3.1	2.2	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,420	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,870	4,265	4,600	50.9	51.7	50.1
Education	920	245	665	5.3	3.0	7.2
13. Education	920	245	665	5.3	3.0	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	110	135	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	205	85	120	1.2	1.0	1.3
Humanities	425	195	235	2.4	2.4	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	110	130	1.3	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685	250	435	3.9	3.0	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	15	180	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	175	95	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	100	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.8
45. Social sciences	120	75	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
Business, management and public administration	1,755	515	1,240	10.1	6.2	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	35	135	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,580	470	1,105	9.1	5.7	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	165	80	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	150	40	1.1	1.8	0.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	125	10	0.8	1.5	0.1
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,795	1,675	120	10.3	20.3	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	135	120	10	0.8	1.5	0.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	345	295	50	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	485	465	20	2.8	5.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	380	380	0	2.2	4.6	0.0
48. Precision production	405	380	25	2.3	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	200	115	85	1.1	1.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	60	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	55	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Health and related fields	1,410	285	1,130	8.1	3.5	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,310	215	1,095	7.5	2.6	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	770	370	400	4.4	4.5	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	140	350	2.8	1.7	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	110	80	25	0.6	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	170	145	25	1.0	1.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,410	5,155	5,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,430	2,455	1,980	42.6	47.6	37.7
Education	590	135	455	5.7	2.6	8.7
13. Education	590	135	455	5.7	2.6	8.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	180	70	110	1.7	1.4	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	150	50	105	1.4	1.0	2.0
Humanities	280	135	140	2.7	2.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	65	75	1.4	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	470	125	350	4.5	2.4	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	10	140	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	110	45	55	1.1	0.9	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
42. Psychology	85	30	55	0.8	0.6	1.0
45. Social sciences	70	30	40	0.7	0.6	0.8
Business, management and public administration	1,160	285	870	11.1	5.5	16.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	20	90	1.0	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,055	270	780	10.1	5.2	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115	50	65	1.1	1.0	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	125	25	1.4	2.4	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	110	10	1.1	2.1	0.2
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,315	1,205	110	12.6	23.4	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	40	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	100	90	15	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	220	45	2.5	4.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	340	315	20	3.3	6.1	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	280	275	0	2.7	5.3	0.0
48. Precision production	290	275	15	2.8	5.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	105	65	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	50	65	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	55	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Health and related fields	990	205	780	9.5	4.0	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	50	30	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	915	165	750	8.8	3.2	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	580	265	315	5.6	5.1	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	350	85	265	3.4	1.6	5.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	65	20	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	120	25	1.4	2.3	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,410	5,155	5,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,430	2,455	1,980	42.6	47.6	37.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,980	2,710	3,275	57.4	52.6	62.3
Location of study inside Canada	5,685	2,530	3,160	54.6	49.1	60.1
Same as province or territory of residence	5,610	2,485	3,125	53.9	48.2	59.5
Different than province or territory of residence	75	50	35	0.7	1.0	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	290	175	115	2.8	3.4	2.2
Americas	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Europe	95	50	45	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgium	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	80	45	40	0.8	0.9	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	95	60	35	0.9	1.2	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	50	35	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
Asia	50	45	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	40	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,420	8,245	9,175	...	...	...
In the labour force	9,335	4,760	4,570	...	...	...
Employed	8,550	4,370	4,180	...	...	...
Unemployed	785	390	390	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,085	3,480	4,605	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.6	57.7	49.8	53.6	57.7	49.8
Employment rate	49.1	53.0	45.6	49.1	53.0	45.6
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.2	8.5	8.4	8.2	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,420	8,245	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,025	3,455	4,570	46.1	41.9	49.8
Worked	9,390	4,785	4,600	53.9	58.0	50.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,745	2,530	2,210	27.2	30.7	24.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,645	2,255	2,390	26.7	27.3	26.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.8	40.1	40.5	40.8	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,335	4,765	4,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	95	135	2.5	2.0	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,105	4,665	4,435	97.5	97.9	97.0
Employee	8,295	4,185	4,105	88.9	87.8	89.8
Permanent position	7,015	3,605	3,410	75.1	75.7	74.6
Temporary position	1,280	585	695	13.7	12.3	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	480	205	275	5.1	4.3	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	800	380	425	8.6	8.0	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	805	480	330	8.6	10.1	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,335	4,765	4,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	95	135	2.5	2.0	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,105	4,665	4,435	97.5	97.9	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	95	70	35	1.0	1.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,150	370	775	12.3	7.8	17.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	385	310	70	4.1	6.5	1.5
3 Health occupations	945	170	775	10.1	3.6	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,345	365	980	14.4	7.7	21.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	195	115	85	2.1	2.4	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	2,690	1,215	1,480	28.8	25.5	32.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,680	1,570	115	18.0	32.9	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	110	25	1.4	2.3	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	475	370	100	5.1	7.8	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,335	4,765	4,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	95	135	2.5	2.0	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	9,105	4,665	4,435	97.5	97.9	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	65	40	1.1	1.4	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
23 Construction	660	600	65	7.1	12.6	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,030	825	210	11.0	17.3	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	250	210	45	2.7	4.4	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	1,390	625	760	14.9	13.1	16.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	335	275	55	3.6	5.8	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	135	90	40	1.4	1.9	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	170	70	95	1.8	1.5	2.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	125	70	50	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	460	235	220	4.9	4.9	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	410	295	115	4.4	6.2	2.5
61 Educational services	780	240	545	8.4	5.0	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	1,700	310	1,385	18.2	6.5	30.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	65	30	1.0	1.4	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	580	260	315	6.2	5.5	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	465	235	230	5.0	4.9	5.0
91 Public administration	350	160	195	3.7	3.4	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,125	5,165	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90	80	15	0.9	1.5	0.3
French	9,075	4,510	4,560	89.6	87.3	91.9
Non-official language	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	880	535	345	8.7	10.4	7.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,125	5,165	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	10,015	5,095	4,925	98.9	98.6	99.3
Official languages	9,995	5,080	4,915	98.7	98.4	99.1
English	160	115	45	1.6	2.2	0.9
French	9,840	4,965	4,875	97.2	96.1	98.3
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Atikamekw	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	70	40	1.0	1.4	0.8
English and French	90	70	25	0.9	1.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,125	5,165	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	9,280	4,670	4,615	91.7	90.4	93.0
English	720	430	295	7.1	8.3	5.9
French	70	40	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Non-official language	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,550	4,370	4,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	905	460	445	10.6	10.5	10.6
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
No fixed workplace address	905	695	210	10.6	15.9	5.0
Usual place of work	6,715	3,190	3,525	78.5	73.0	84.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,715	3,190	3,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,110	1,435	1,675	46.3	45.0	47.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,565	645	925	23.3	20.2	26.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,030	1,100	925	30.2	34.5	26.2
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,625	3,890	3,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,515	3,375	3,145	85.4	86.8	84.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,170	3,195	2,975	80.9	82.1	79.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	350	180	170	4.6	4.6	4.6
Public transit	75	25	50	1.0	0.6	1.3
Walked	765	320	440	10.0	8.2	11.8
Bicycle	120	105	15	1.6	2.7	0.4
Other method	150	65	80	2.0	1.7	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,625	3,890	3,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,960	1,805	2,155	51.9	46.4	57.8
15 to 29 minutes	1,745	905	840	22.9	23.3	22.5
30 to 44 minutes	955	495	460	12.5	12.7	12.3
45 to 59 minutes	415	280	135	5.4	7.2	3.6
60 minutes and over	545	405	145	7.1	10.4	3.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,625	3,890	3,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	615	485	130	8.1	12.5	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,135	795	345	14.9	20.4	9.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,110	865	1,240	27.7	22.2	33.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,560	580	980	20.5	14.9	26.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	770	305	465	10.1	7.8	12.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,425	855	575	18.7	22.0	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,695	1,860	1,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	345	185	155	9.3	9.9	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,350	1,670	1,675	90.7	89.8	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,665	1,340	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	245	145	105	9.2	10.8	7.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	180	100	80	6.8	7.5	6.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	60	40	25	2.3	3.0	1.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,420	1,195	1,225	90.8	89.2	92.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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