Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Joliette, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	71,124	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	66,550	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	33,812	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,312	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	170.4	...	...	170.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	417.41	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	71,125	34,080	37,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,180	5,670	5,510	15.7	16.6	14.9
0 to 4 years	3,475	1,770	1,705	4.9	5.2	4.6
5 to 9 years	3,805	1,925	1,875	5.3	5.6	5.1
10 to 14 years	3,900	1,975	1,925	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	41,110	20,155	20,950	57.8	59.1	56.5
15 to 19 years	3,175	1,570	1,605	4.5	4.6	4.3
20 to 24 years	3,140	1,565	1,575	4.4	4.6	4.3
25 to 29 years	3,960	1,980	1,980	5.6	5.8	5.3
30 to 34 years	4,135	2,080	2,060	5.8	6.1	5.6
35 to 39 years	4,220	2,120	2,100	5.9	6.2	5.7
40 to 44 years	4,235	2,105	2,125	6.0	6.2	5.7
45 to 49 years	3,670	1,825	1,840	5.2	5.4	5.0
50 to 54 years	3,815	1,890	1,925	5.4	5.5	5.2
55 to 59 years	5,010	2,350	2,660	7.0	6.9	7.2
60 to 64 years	5,755	2,680	3,075	8.1	7.9	8.3
65 years and over	18,835	8,250	10,590	26.5	24.2	28.6
65 to 69 years	5,460	2,580	2,880	7.7	7.6	7.8
70 to 74 years	4,820	2,225	2,605	6.8	6.5	7.0
75 to 79 years	3,725	1,660	2,065	5.2	4.9	5.6
80 to 84 years	2,410	985	1,425	3.4	2.9	3.8
85 years and over	2,410	800	1,615	3.4	2.3	4.4
85 to 89 years	1,430	520	910	2.0	1.5	2.5
90 to 94 years	765	225	540	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	190	50	145	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.6	14.9	15.7	16.6	14.9
15 to 64 years	57.8	59.1	56.5	57.8	59.1	56.5
65 years and over	26.5	24.2	28.6	26.5	24.2	28.6
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.4	3.4	2.3	4.4
Average age of the population	45.5	44.1	46.8	45.5	44.1	46.8
Median age of the population	46.8	44.8	49.2	46.8	44.8	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,990	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,135	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	545	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,370	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,725	...	...	33.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,940	...	...	37.0	...	...
2 persons	11,950	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 persons	3,750	...	...	11.6	...	...
4 persons	3,030	...	...	9.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,645	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	68,335	33,125	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	59,945	28,405	31,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	32,890	16,385	16,500	54.9	57.7	52.3
Married	16,780	8,385	8,400	28.0	29.5	26.6
Living common-law	16,105	8,000	8,100	26.9	28.2	25.7
Living common law - Never married	12,730	6,265	6,465	21.2	22.1	20.5
Living common law - Separated	135	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,835	1,465	1,375	4.7	5.2	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	400	195	205	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	27,060	12,020	15,040	45.1	42.3	47.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,365	8,805	8,565	29.0	31.0	27.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	715	295	420	1.2	1.0	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,780	1,860	2,925	8.0	6.5	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,195	1,060	3,140	7.0	3.7	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,770	...	...	60.4	...	...
3 persons	3,500	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	2,890	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,335	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,095	...	...	82.6	...	...
Married couples	8,040	...	...	41.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,485	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	5,560	...	...	28.5	...	...
Common-law couples	8,050	...	...	41.3	...	...
With children⁶	3,950	...	...	20.3	...	...
Without children	4,105	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,395	...	...	17.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,495	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	900	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	68,335	33,125	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	52,825	25,980	26,845	77.3	78.4	76.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	32,190	16,035	16,150	47.1	48.4	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,390	895	2,495	5.0	2.7	7.1
Children⁶	17,240	9,045	8,195	25.2	27.3	23.3
In a two-parent family	12,100	6,245	5,855	17.7	18.9	16.6
In a one-parent family	5,145	2,800	2,340	7.5	8.5	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,505	7,150	8,360	22.7	21.6	23.7
Living alone	11,935	5,250	6,690	17.5	15.8	19.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,365	630	735	2.0	1.9	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,205	1,270	935	3.2	3.8	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,180	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	15,235	...	...	47.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,050	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	9,185	...	...	28.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,950	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	380	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	620	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,115	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	11,935	...	...	36.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,205	27,030	29,175	98.3	98.4	98.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,800	34,800	38,800	42,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,220	27,035	29,190	98.3	98.5	98.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,400	34,400	37,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,480	24,455	25,025	86.6	89.1	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,400	25,400	30,600	36,400	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,000	19,160	17,840	64.7	69.8	60.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,000	34,400	38,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,785	22,690	26,095	85.3	82.6	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,600	13,500	12,800	11,600	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,105	3,875	3,230	12.4	14.1	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,940	7,965	6,975	26.1	29.0	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,190	27,035	29,160	98.3	98.5	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	51,200	41,680	46,240	51,200	41,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,215	27,040	29,175	98.3	98.5	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,840	41,960	35,920	38,840	41,960	35,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,225	24,215	25,010	86.1	88.2	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,720	45,680	33,960	39,720	45,680	33,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,000	19,135	17,865	64.7	69.7	60.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720	46,080	37,080	41,720	46,080	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,870	22,760	26,110	85.5	82.9	87.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,180	12,240	14,000	13,180	12,240	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,200	3,820	3,385	12.6	13.9	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,490	6,920	6,700	6,490	6,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,915	7,965	6,945	26.1	29.0	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	7,310	8,040	7,650	7,310	8,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,225	9,160	8,065	30.1	33.4	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	58,000	48,000	52,800	58,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,050	65,600	53,800	60,050	65,600	53,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,105	7,310	7,795	26.4	26.6	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,200	18,000	20,200	24,200	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	33,280	25,640	29,320	33,280	25,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.2	79.8	70.0	75.2	79.8	70.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.4	63.7	54.5	59.4	63.7	54.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.8	20.1	30.1	24.8	20.1	30.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.9	5.8	5.3	4.9	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	57,160	27,465	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	960	435	520	1.7	1.6	1.8
With total income	56,205	27,025	29,180	98.3	98.4	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,300	1,380	1,925	5.9	5.1	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,355	2,785	4,570	13.1	10.3	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,455	4,445	6,015	18.6	16.4	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	8,085	3,740	4,345	14.4	13.8	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,625	3,690	3,935	13.6	13.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,790	2,905	2,890	10.3	10.7	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,035	2,245	1,790	7.2	8.3	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	1,770	1,120	5.1	6.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,320	1,010	4.1	4.9	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,360	810	550	2.4	3.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,975	1,935	1,040	5.3	7.2	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	2,175	1,370	810	3.9	5.1	2.8
$150,000 and over	805	565	235	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	57,160	27,465	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	940	425	515	1.6	1.5	1.7
With after-tax income	56,225	27,035	29,185	98.4	98.4	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,570	1,460	2,110	6.3	5.4	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,770	2,990	4,780	13.8	11.1	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,120	5,255	6,865	21.6	19.4	23.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,200	4,890	5,310	18.1	18.1	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,520	4,365	4,160	15.2	16.1	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,540	3,080	2,460	9.9	11.4	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,720	2,130	1,585	6.6	7.9	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,045	1,150	900	3.6	4.3	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	610	450	1.9	2.3	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	595	380	210	1.1	1.4	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,080	720	355	1.9	2.7	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	575	360	210	1.0	1.3	0.7
$125,000 and over	510	355	150	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	57,160	27,465	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,165	8,300	11,860	35.3	30.2	39.9
With employment income	37,000	19,160	17,835	64.7	69.8	60.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,885	2,595	2,290	13.2	13.5	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	2,845	1,220	1,620	7.7	6.4	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,740	2,060	2,680	12.8	10.8	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,250	1,895	2,350	11.5	9.9	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,080	2,055	2,025	11.0	10.7	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,085	2,015	2,075	11.0	10.5	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,120	1,750	1,370	8.4	9.1	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,365	1,455	910	6.4	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965	1,235	730	5.3	6.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,725	940	785	4.7	4.9	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	895	560	335	2.4	2.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,050	1,380	670	5.5	7.2	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	700	395	3.0	3.7	2.2
$125,000 and over	950	680	270	2.6	3.5	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,475	26,640	28,835	97.0	97.0	97.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,200	36,000	41,200	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,500	26,650	28,850	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,400	28,600	32,400	36,400	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,625	24,070	24,550	85.1	87.7	82.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	37,600	26,200	31,600	37,600	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,205	19,180	18,025	65.1	69.8	60.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	30,000	34,800	40,000	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,810	20,380	24,430	78.4	74.2	82.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,500	11,000	9,900	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,810	3,775	3,040	11.9	13.7	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,560	4,600	4,560	4,560	4,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,520	26,675	28,845	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	49,720	38,040	43,640	49,720	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,540	26,685	28,855	97.2	97.2	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,440	40,400	32,760	36,440	40,400	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,535	23,930	24,605	84.9	87.1	82.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,080	47,120	33,240	40,080	47,120	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,305	19,245	18,065	65.3	70.1	60.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,440	46,480	36,080	41,440	46,480	36,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,120	20,535	24,585	78.9	74.8	82.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,610	9,680	11,380	10,610	9,680	11,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,900	3,705	3,195	12.1	13.5	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,695	7,240	6,410	5,695	7,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,140	9,140	8,000	30.0	33.3	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	55,200	44,800	49,600	55,200	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,600	62,600	49,760	56,600	62,600	49,760
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,290	6,915	7,380	25.0	25.2	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	30,600	21,600	24,800	30,600	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,080	38,440	28,080	33,080	38,440	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	85.0	74.6	80.2	85.0	74.6
Employment income (%)	63.8	67.4	59.4	63.8	67.4	59.4
Government transfers (%)	19.8	15.0	25.5	19.8	15.0	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	67,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,920	...	...	36,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	520	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	855	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,250	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,465	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,415	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,670	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,840	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,675	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,950	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,325	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,085	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,705	...	...	26.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,260	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,085	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,125	...	...	6.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,235	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	535	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	900	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,395	...	...	7.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,780	...	...	5.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,705	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,145	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,155	...	...	6.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,875	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,265	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,580	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,035	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,950	...	...	18.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,825	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,570	...	...	4.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,555	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,145	6,520	7,625	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,600	32,400	34,800	37,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	33,600	30,000	31,600	33,600	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,600	...	...	140,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	115,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,450	...	...	63,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,140	6,555	7,590	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,800	44,120	39,800	41,800	44,120	39,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	37,040	34,880	35,880	37,040	34,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,130	6,630	6,500	19.2	20.0	18.5
0 to 5 years	4,175	2,100	2,070	6.1	6.3	5.9
18 to 64 years	38,780	19,020	19,760	56.8	57.4	56.1
65 years and over	16,420	7,480	8,940	24.0	22.6	25.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,160	3,965	5,200	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,520	760	760	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	530	265	270	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,190	1,985	2,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,450	1,220	2,235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	12.0	14.8	13.4	12.0	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.4	11.7	11.6	11.4	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	12.7	12.5	13.0	12.7	12.5	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	10.4	11.2	10.8	10.4	11.2
65 years and over (%)	21.0	16.3	25.0	21.0	16.3	25.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	68,335	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,135	6,630	6,500	19.2	20.0	18.5
0 to 5 years	4,170	2,100	2,075	6.1	6.3	5.9
18 to 64 years	38,780	19,020	19,760	56.7	57.4	56.1
65 years and over	16,420	7,475	8,945	24.0	22.6	25.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,545	1,280	1,270	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	320	165	155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	45	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,965	1,010	955	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	100	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.3	4.8	5.1	5.3	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.8	1.6	1.3	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	42,385	20,015	22,365	62.0	60.4	63.5
In bottom decile	7,595	3,310	4,290	11.1	10.0	12.2
In second decile	9,065	4,195	4,875	13.3	12.7	13.8
In third decile	9,125	4,375	4,745	13.4	13.2	13.5
In fourth decile	8,710	4,235	4,470	12.7	12.8	12.7
In fifth decile	7,885	3,900	3,980	11.5	11.8	11.3
In top half of the distribution	25,950	13,115	12,835	38.0	39.6	36.5
In sixth decile	7,315	3,685	3,630	10.7	11.1	10.3
In seventh decile	6,660	3,340	3,325	9.7	10.1	9.4
In eighth decile	5,395	2,745	2,655	7.9	8.3	7.5
In ninth decile	4,080	2,070	2,010	6.0	6.2	5.7
In top decile	2,495	1,275	1,215	3.7	3.8	3.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	68,335	...	...	68,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	70,375	33,840	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
French only	49,585	22,585	26,995	70.5	66.7	73.9
English and French	20,480	11,085	9,400	29.1	32.8	25.7
Neither English nor French	170	85	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	70,375	33,840	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	810	420	390	1.2	1.2	1.1
French	69,085	33,165	35,915	98.2	98.0	98.3
English and French	330	175	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	70,375	33,840	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,530	33,425	36,110	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	67,695	32,525	35,175	96.2	96.1	96.3
English	675	345	335	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	67,025	32,185	34,835	95.2	95.1	95.3
Non-official languages	1,830	895	935	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,695	840	855	2.4	2.5	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	305	160	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	155	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	870	405	470	1.2	1.2	1.3
Albanian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	685	310	375	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	560	250	305	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	90	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	850	415	435	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	505	260	245	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	280	125	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	70,375	33,840	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	280	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
French	66,180	31,740	34,440	94.0	93.8	94.3
Non-official language	490	245	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	445	225	220	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	1,810	925	880	2.6	2.7	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,180	545	630	1.7	1.6	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	330	175	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	70,375	33,840	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,625	33,490	36,140	98.9	99.0	98.9
Official languages	68,640	33,005	35,635	97.5	97.5	97.5
English	480	235	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	68,160	32,770	35,390	96.9	96.8	96.9
Non-official languages	990	480	505	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	915	450	465	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	475	225	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	180	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	345	170	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	755	345	405	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	390	185	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	300	130	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	70,375	33,840	36,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,645	32,435	35,210	96.1	95.8	96.4
English	1,315	715	595	1.9	2.1	1.6
French	500	225	280	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	605	300	310	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	550	270	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	165	85	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	68,330	33,125	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	68,165	33,050	35,110	99.8	99.8	99.7
English	20,325	11,115	9,210	29.7	33.6	26.2
French	68,010	32,940	35,065	99.5	99.4	99.6
Non-official languages	4,095	2,025	2,065	6.0	6.1	5.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	210	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	195	85	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,890	1,930	1,960	5.7	5.8	5.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	290	200	0.7	0.9	0.6
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	485	290	195	0.7	0.9	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	485	285	195	0.7	0.9	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,575	1,250	1,325	3.8	3.8	3.8
Albanian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,195	1,070	1,125	3.2	3.2	3.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,975	930	1,045	2.9	2.8	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	180	200	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	230	125	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,245	585	655	1.8	1.8	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,125	535	590	1.6	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	805	385	425	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	320	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	67,090	32,540	34,550	98.2	98.2	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	450	195	250	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	67,890	32,935	34,955	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	18,015	...	...	55.8	...	...
Renter	14,300	...	...	44.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,585	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not condominium	29,720	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,520	...	...	14.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,970	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,040	...	...	31.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,655	...	...	17.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,925	...	...	36.9	...	...
5 rooms	5,815	...	...	18.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,585	...	...	11.1	...	...
7 rooms	3,495	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,495	...	...	23.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,140	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,525	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	785	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,215	...	...	16.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,490	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,105	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,590	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,120	...	...	6.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,800	...	...	8.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,425	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,570	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,780	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,535	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,945	...	...	58.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,805	...	...	39.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	565	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,005	...	...	3.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,165	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,940	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,580	...	...	14.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,540	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,525	...	...	20.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,630	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	925	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,105	...	...	84.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,050	...	...	15.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,760	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,015	...	...	21.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,775	...	...	14.8	...	...
Not suitable only	665	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,220	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	235	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,300	...	...	78.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,865	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,575	...	...	4.9	...	...
Not in core need	30,290	...	...	95.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,925	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	58.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	260,000	...	...	260,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	289,600	...	...	289,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,270	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.5	...	...	26.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	832	...	...	832	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,190	590	600	1.7	1.8	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,180	590	595	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,075	560	520	1.6	1.7	1.5
Métis single ancestry	105	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,600	725	870	2.3	2.2	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,580	715	860	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,460	665	795	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	65,550	31,810	33,740	95.9	96.0	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	68,335	33,130	35,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	67,235	32,595	34,640	98.4	98.4	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,890	6,525	6,365	18.9	19.7	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	54,345	26,065	28,280	79.5	78.7	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,095	535	560	1.6	1.6	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	68,335	33,130	35,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,605	31,760	33,850	96.0	95.9	96.2
Immigrants⁸¹	2,370	1,155	1,210	3.5	3.5	3.4
Before 1980	330	175	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
1980 to 1990	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	310	145	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	595	320	275	0.9	1.0	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	915	410	500	1.3	1.2	1.4
2011 to 2015	405	190	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	515	225	290	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	360	210	150	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,370	1,160	1,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	285	145	140	12.0	12.5	11.6
5 to 14 years	480	230	250	20.3	19.8	20.7
15 to 24 years	435	215	215	18.4	18.5	17.8
25 to 44 years	1,065	525	540	44.9	45.3	44.6
45 years and over	110	45	65	4.6	3.9	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,370	1,160	1,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	630	300	330	26.6	25.9	27.3
Brazil	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Colombia	260	115	150	11.0	9.9	12.4
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	95	55	45	4.0	4.7	3.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	25	1.3	0.9	2.1
Peru	30	15	20	1.3	1.3	1.7
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	30	15	1.7	2.6	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	150	75	75	6.3	6.5	6.2
Europe	725	375	355	30.6	32.3	29.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	1.7	2.2	1.2
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	400	205	195	16.9	17.7	16.1
Germany	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Greece	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.2
Romania	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Russian Federation	20	15	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	145	60	80	6.1	5.2	6.6
Africa	695	335	360	29.3	28.9	29.8
Algeria	85	40	45	3.6	3.4	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	180	100	80	7.6	8.6	6.6
Egypt	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	115	60	55	4.9	5.2	4.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	305	125	180	12.9	10.8	14.9
Asia	310	155	160	13.1	13.4	13.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	45	30	10	1.9	2.6	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	95	50	50	4.0	4.3	4.1
Turkey	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	20	1.7	1.7	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	30	50	3.2	2.6	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	515	220	290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	70	25	45	13.6	11.4	15.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	0	30	6.8	0.0	10.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	2.9	4.5	3.4
Europe	80	30	45	15.5	13.6	15.5
France	50	20	35	9.7	9.1	12.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	4.9	6.8	3.4
Africa	230	95	130	44.7	43.2	44.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	95	45	50	18.4	20.5	17.2
Côte d'Ivoire	35	20	20	6.8	9.1	6.9
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	3.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	3.4
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	25	8.7	9.1	8.6
Asia	130	70	60	25.2	31.8	20.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	25	0	5.8	11.4	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	50	17.5	18.2	17.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	68,330	33,125	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,870	1,440	1,430	4.2	4.3	4.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,325	1,175	1,145	3.4	3.5	3.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,140	30,515	32,630	92.4	92.1	92.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,040	985	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	600	310	290	29.4	31.5	27.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	285	200	85	14.0	20.3	8.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	315	110	210	15.4	11.2	19.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	580	255	325	28.4	25.9	30.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	855	420	430	41.9	42.6	40.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,040	985	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	80	40	40	3.9	4.1	3.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	195	130	65	9.6	13.2	6.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	20	25	2.2	2.0	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	35	40	3.7	3.6	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,625	750	870	79.7	76.1	82.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,480	1,255	1,225	3.6	3.8	3.5
South Asian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	1,000	495	505	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	450	255	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin American	550	250	300	0.8	0.8	0.9
Southeast Asian	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,850	31,870	33,980	96.4	96.2	96.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	68,335	33,130	35,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	26,060	12,375	13,685	38.1	37.4	38.9
English	585	290	290	0.9	0.9	0.8
Irish	2,770	1,180	1,590	4.1	3.6	4.5
Scottish	850	390	460	1.2	1.2	1.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,665	7,685	7,980	22.9	23.2	22.7
German	535	280	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	990	535	460	1.4	1.6	1.3
Indian (India)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	220	120	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Québécois	12,890	6,335	6,550	18.9	19.1	18.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	6,535	3,070	3,460	9.6	9.3	9.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,000	485	510	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,300	600	700	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	235	80	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	630	325	305	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
American	270	130	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	315	150	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,225	585	635	1.8	1.8	1.8
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	200	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	110	70	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	775	390	385	1.1	1.2	1.1
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	335	175	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	295	155	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	260	145	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	175	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	300	115	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moroccan	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	150	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Brazilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	255	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	185	115	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	220	85	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	68,330	33,130	35,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	47,610	22,380	25,235	69.7	67.6	71.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,615	1,745	1,870	5.3	5.3	5.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	42,900	20,120	22,780	62.8	60.7	64.7
Christian Orthodox	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	225	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	180	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	470	210	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	665	355	305	1.0	1.1	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	195	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	19,685	10,195	9,490	28.8	30.8	27.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	67,750	32,875	34,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,460	28,930	30,535	87.8	88.0	87.6
Movers	8,290	3,950	4,345	12.2	12.0	12.5
Non-migrants	3,040	1,405	1,635	4.5	4.3	4.7
Migrants	5,250	2,545	2,710	7.7	7.7	7.8
Internal migrants	5,120	2,470	2,650	7.6	7.5	7.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,080	2,450	2,630	7.5	7.5	7.5
Interprovincial migrants	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	125	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	64,885	31,425	33,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	37,480	18,190	19,285	57.8	57.9	57.6
Movers	27,400	13,235	14,170	42.2	42.1	42.3
Non-migrants	6,355	3,135	3,220	9.8	10.0	9.6
Migrants	21,045	10,095	10,955	32.4	32.1	32.7
Internal migrants	20,425	9,795	10,630	31.5	31.2	31.8
Intraprovincial migrants	20,260	9,705	10,555	31.2	30.9	31.5
Interprovincial migrants	165	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	625	300	320	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,165	27,460	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,710	8,055	6,650	25.7	29.3	22.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,455	19,405	23,045	74.3	70.7	77.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,450	16,900	17,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,090	4,385	2,705	20.6	25.9	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,355	12,515	14,840	79.4	74.1	84.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,160	27,465	29,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,945	6,785	6,165	22.6	24.7	20.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,615	6,285	7,340	23.8	22.9	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,600	14,400	16,195	53.5	52.4	54.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,640	11,105	11,535	39.6	40.4	38.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,585	6,890	4,695	20.3	25.1	15.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,550	4,475	4,075	15.0	16.3	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,030	2,420	620	5.3	8.8	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,240	3,610	5,635	16.2	13.1	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,815	610	1,210	3.2	2.2	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,955	3,300	4,660	13.9	12.0	15.7
Bachelor's degree	5,650	2,310	3,340	9.9	8.4	11.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	275	360	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	1,195	490	705	2.1	1.8	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,445	16,895	17,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,875	3,515	2,355	17.1	20.8	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,715	3,375	3,340	19.5	20.0	19.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,860	10,005	11,855	63.5	59.2	67.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,060	7,860	8,200	46.6	46.5	46.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,565	5,010	3,555	24.9	29.7	20.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,395	3,240	3,155	18.6	19.2	18.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,170	1,770	400	6.3	10.5	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,355	2,475	3,885	18.4	14.6	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,140	380	760	3.3	2.2	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,800	2,145	3,660	16.8	12.7	20.9
Bachelor's degree	4,060	1,515	2,545	11.8	9.0	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	450	155	290	1.3	0.9	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	105	155	0.7	0.6	0.9
Master's degree	915	335	585	2.7	2.0	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	57,160	27,465	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,565	13,060	13,500	46.5	47.6	45.5
Education	3,320	835	2,490	5.8	3.0	8.4
13. Education	3,320	835	2,490	5.8	3.0	8.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	930	460	470	1.6	1.7	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	805	375	430	1.4	1.4	1.4
Humanities	1,365	555	810	2.4	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835	355	480	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	40	150	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,130	645	1,485	3.7	2.3	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	80	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	40	575	1.1	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	435	190	245	0.8	0.7	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	360	115	245	0.6	0.4	0.8
45. Social sciences	395	210	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	6,125	1,780	4,350	10.7	6.5	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	465	95	375	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,655	1,680	3,975	9.9	6.1	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	645	350	295	1.1	1.3	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	65	135	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195	115	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
40. Physical sciences	100	90	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	600	465	135	1.0	1.7	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	390	90	0.8	1.4	0.3
25. Library science	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,980	6,500	475	12.2	23.7	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	180	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	465	415	55	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,245	1,075	170	2.2	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,910	1,850	60	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,795	1,765	25	3.1	6.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,380	1,300	75	2.4	4.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	935	590	345	1.6	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	670	350	320	1.2	1.3	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	240	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
Health and related fields	4,740	835	3,905	8.3	3.0	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,455	690	3,760	7.8	2.5	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,820	1,395	1,430	4.9	5.1	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,615	385	1,225	2.8	1.4	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	490	375	120	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	630	90	1.3	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,445	16,900	17,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,585	6,895	5,690	36.5	40.8	32.4
Education	2,140	465	1,675	6.2	2.8	9.5
13. Education	2,140	465	1,675	6.2	2.8	9.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	685	340	345	2.0	2.0	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	620	290	325	1.8	1.7	1.9
Humanities	870	370	505	2.5	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	230	290	1.5	1.4	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	25	95	0.4	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,565	355	1,215	4.5	2.1	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	30	115	0.4	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	30	500	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	310	110	200	0.9	0.7	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	275	70	205	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	250	110	150	0.7	0.7	0.9
Business, management and public administration	4,315	1,155	3,160	12.5	6.8	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	290	40	245	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,030	1,120	2,915	11.7	6.6	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	375	215	165	1.1	1.3	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	70	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	455	350	105	1.3	2.1	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	385	310	75	1.1	1.8	0.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,095	4,685	415	14.8	27.7	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	160	80	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	350	305	45	1.0	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	900	745	155	2.6	4.4	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,395	1,340	55	4.0	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,335	1,315	15	3.9	7.8	0.1
48. Precision production	965	900	65	2.8	5.3	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	440	295	2.1	2.6	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	260	270	1.6	1.5	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	180	15	0.6	1.1	0.1
Health and related fields	3,450	585	2,870	10.0	3.5	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,235	495	2,750	9.4	2.9	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,165	1,050	1,115	6.3	6.2	6.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,195	250	950	3.5	1.5	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	385	290	90	1.1	1.7	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	590	510	75	1.7	3.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,445	16,900	17,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,585	6,895	5,690	36.5	40.8	32.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	21,860	10,005	11,855	63.5	59.2	67.5
Location of study inside Canada	21,245	9,650	11,590	61.7	57.1	66.0
Same as province or territory of residence	21,045	9,540	11,505	61.1	56.4	65.6
Different than province or territory of residence	195	110	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	620	355	265	1.8	2.1	1.5
Americas	140	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	240	130	110	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgium	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
France	190	110	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	170	105	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	95	65	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Asia	65	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	57,160	27,465	29,695	...	...	...
In the labour force	33,110	16,830	16,280	...	...	...
Employed	30,890	15,705	15,185	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,220	1,125	1,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,055	10,635	13,415	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.9	61.3	54.8	57.9	61.3	54.8
Employment rate	54.0	57.2	51.1	54.0	57.2	51.1
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.7	6.8	6.7	6.7	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	57,160	27,465	29,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,795	10,390	13,405	41.6	37.8	45.1
Worked	33,365	17,075	16,295	58.4	62.2	54.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,690	9,445	8,240	30.9	34.4	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,680	7,620	8,055	27.4	27.7	27.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.9	41.3	41.6	41.9	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	33,110	16,830	16,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	680	305	375	2.1	1.8	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	32,430	16,520	15,905	97.9	98.2	97.7
Employee	28,705	14,310	14,395	86.7	85.0	88.4
Permanent position	24,680	12,470	12,205	74.5	74.1	75.0
Temporary position	4,030	1,840	2,185	12.2	10.9	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,215	460	755	3.7	2.7	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,815	1,375	1,435	8.5	8.2	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,725	2,210	1,510	11.3	13.1	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	33,110	16,830	16,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	680	305	375	2.1	1.8	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	32,430	16,520	15,905	97.9	98.2	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	560	425	140	1.7	2.5	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,445	1,265	3,175	13.4	7.5	19.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,355	985	370	4.1	5.9	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,255	555	2,700	9.8	3.3	16.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,620	1,200	3,420	14.0	7.1	21.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	690	315	370	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	8,365	3,570	4,790	25.3	21.2	29.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,575	6,155	420	19.9	36.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	720	610	105	2.2	3.6	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,850	1,440	410	5.6	8.6	2.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	33,110	16,830	16,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	680	305	375	2.1	1.8	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	32,430	16,520	15,905	97.9	98.2	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	720	525	190	2.2	3.1	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	55	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	190	135	50	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	2,915	2,580	340	8.8	15.3	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,695	2,870	825	11.2	17.1	5.1
41 Wholesale trade	960	750	210	2.9	4.5	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	4,610	2,075	2,535	13.9	12.3	15.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,330	1,100	230	4.0	6.5	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	415	270	140	1.3	1.6	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	765	275	490	2.3	1.6	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	205	165	1.1	1.2	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,495	715	775	4.5	4.2	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,045	705	345	3.2	4.2	2.1
61 Educational services	2,765	725	2,040	8.4	4.3	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	5,940	1,075	4,870	17.9	6.4	29.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	375	220	155	1.1	1.3	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,605	670	935	4.8	4.0	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,785	910	875	5.4	5.4	5.4
91 Public administration	1,365	655	705	4.1	3.9	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	35,460	18,075	17,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	210	155	50	0.6	0.9	0.3
French	31,820	15,825	15,990	89.7	87.6	92.0
Non-official language	70	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	55	45	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	3,150	1,945	1,205	8.9	10.8	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	35,460	18,075	17,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,130	17,880	17,250	99.1	98.9	99.2
Official languages	35,030	17,805	17,225	98.8	98.5	99.1
English	530	365	165	1.5	2.0	0.9
French	34,505	17,445	17,055	97.3	96.5	98.1
Non-official languages	100	70	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	55	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	45	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	330	195	135	0.9	1.1	0.8
English and French	300	190	110	0.8	1.1	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	35,460	18,075	17,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	32,425	16,235	16,190	91.4	89.8	93.1
English	2,560	1,555	1,000	7.2	8.6	5.8
French	325	210	115	0.9	1.2	0.7
Non-official language	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,885	15,705	15,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,585	1,645	1,950	11.6	10.5	12.8
Worked outside Canada	55	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,640	2,800	840	11.8	17.8	5.5
Usual place of work	23,605	11,210	12,395	76.4	71.4	81.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,605	11,210	12,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,045	2,750	3,290	25.6	24.5	26.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,895	4,290	5,610	41.9	38.3	45.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,645	4,155	3,490	32.4	37.1	28.2
Commute to a different province or territory	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,240	14,010	13,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,865	12,815	12,050	91.3	91.5	91.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,705	12,310	11,395	87.0	87.9	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,160	505	655	4.3	3.6	5.0
Public transit	180	80	100	0.7	0.6	0.8
Walked	1,480	665	810	5.4	4.7	6.1
Bicycle	325	235	85	1.2	1.7	0.6
Other method	400	210	185	1.5	1.5	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,240	14,010	13,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,795	5,370	6,430	43.3	38.3	48.6
15 to 29 minutes	8,470	4,090	4,380	31.1	29.2	33.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,445	1,935	1,510	12.6	13.8	11.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,460	1,005	455	5.4	7.2	3.4
60 minutes and over	2,065	1,610	455	7.6	11.5	3.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,240	14,010	13,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,280	1,780	495	8.4	12.7	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,355	3,025	1,330	16.0	21.6	10.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,135	3,565	4,565	29.9	25.4	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,715	2,070	3,645	21.0	14.8	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,260	865	1,395	8.3	6.2	10.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,500	2,705	1,795	16.5	19.3	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,355	6,740	6,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,100	560	540	8.2	8.3	8.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,255	6,180	6,075	91.8	91.7	91.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,660	4,875	4,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835	440	395	8.6	9.0	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	290	260	5.7	5.9	5.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	290	155	135	3.0	3.2	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,820	4,430	4,390	91.3	90.9	91.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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