Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	JolietteMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	112,418	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	104,136	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,237	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,286	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,124.04	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,420	55,690	56,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,475	8,500	7,975	14.7	15.3	14.1
0 to 4 years	5,105	2,605	2,500	4.5	4.7	4.4
5 to 9 years	5,600	2,885	2,715	5.0	5.2	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,770	3,005	2,760	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	65,840	32,910	32,925	58.6	59.1	58.0
15 to 19 years	4,680	2,365	2,315	4.2	4.2	4.1
20 to 24 years	4,500	2,300	2,195	4.0	4.1	3.9
25 to 29 years	5,665	2,845	2,815	5.0	5.1	5.0
30 to 34 years	5,910	2,950	2,960	5.3	5.3	5.2
35 to 39 years	6,145	3,095	3,050	5.5	5.6	5.4
40 to 44 years	6,385	3,285	3,105	5.7	5.9	5.5
45 to 49 years	5,805	2,925	2,880	5.2	5.3	5.1
50 to 54 years	6,615	3,310	3,305	5.9	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,360	4,570	4,790	8.3	8.2	8.4
60 to 64 years	10,775	5,270	5,505	9.6	9.5	9.7
65 years and over	30,110	14,275	15,830	26.8	25.6	27.9
65 to 69 years	9,760	4,955	4,805	8.7	8.9	8.5
70 to 74 years	7,895	3,880	4,020	7.0	7.0	7.1
75 to 79 years	5,710	2,740	2,965	5.1	4.9	5.2
80 to 84 years	3,490	1,550	1,940	3.1	2.8	3.4
85 years and over	3,250	1,150	2,100	2.9	2.1	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,980	770	1,210	1.8	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	990	315	670	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	255	65	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.3	14.1	14.7	15.3	14.1
15 to 64 years	58.6	59.1	58.0	58.6	59.1	58.0
65 years and over	26.8	25.6	27.9	26.8	25.6	27.9
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.7	2.9	2.1	3.7
Average age of the population	46.7	45.8	47.5	46.7	45.8	47.5
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	51.6	50.4	49.2	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,370	...	...	65.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,580	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	650	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,895	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,990	...	...	22.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	330	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,430	...	...	37.2	...	...
2 persons	20,230	...	...	38.7	...	...
3 persons	5,640	...	...	10.8	...	...
4 persons	4,400	...	...	8.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,590	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,125	54,515	54,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,945	47,190	48,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,870	26,895	26,970	56.1	57.0	55.3
Married	28,240	14,145	14,095	29.4	30.0	28.9
Living common-law	25,630	12,755	12,875	26.7	27.0	26.4
Living common law - Never married	19,670	9,710	9,955	20.5	20.6	20.4
Living common law - Separated	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	5,030	2,585	2,450	5.2	5.5	5.0
Living common law - Widowed	685	325	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	42,075	20,290	21,790	43.9	43.0	44.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,870	14,485	12,385	28.0	30.7	25.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,230	600	635	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,785	3,515	4,270	8.1	7.4	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,190	1,685	4,500	6.5	3.6	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,120	...	...	63.6	...	...
3 persons	5,320	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	4,140	...	...	13.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,030	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,440	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	13,620	...	...	43.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,780	...	...	12.0	...	...
Without children	9,845	...	...	31.1	...	...
Common-law couples	12,810	...	...	40.5	...	...
With children⁶	5,790	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	7,020	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,175	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,735	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,445	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,125	54,510	54,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,860	41,655	42,205	76.8	76.4	77.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,875	26,385	26,485	48.5	48.4	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	5,180	1,445	3,730	4.7	2.7	6.8
Children⁶	25,805	13,825	11,985	23.6	25.4	21.9
In a two-parent family	17,985	9,450	8,540	16.5	17.3	15.6
In a one-parent family	7,820	4,370	3,445	7.2	8.0	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,270	12,860	12,405	23.2	23.6	22.7
Living alone	19,430	9,730	9,695	17.8	17.8	17.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,270	1,055	1,215	2.1	1.9	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,575	2,075	1,500	3.3	3.8	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,155	...	...	55.8	...	...
Couple-family households	24,815	...	...	47.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,855	...	...	16.9	...	...
Without children	15,960	...	...	30.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,345	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	725	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,030	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,790	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	19,430	...	...	37.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,670	46,020	46,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,970	45,205	45,760	98.2	98.2	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,200	33,600	37,200	41,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,990	45,215	45,770	98.2	98.3	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	30,600	33,600	36,400	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,070	40,240	38,835	85.3	87.4	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	34,400	24,400	29,200	34,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,500	30,855	27,645	63.1	67.0	59.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	27,800	31,800	36,000	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,060	38,375	40,685	85.3	83.4	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,300	12,700	13,700	13,300	12,700	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,925	6,620	5,305	12.9	14.4	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,960	5,480	5,640	5,960	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,585	13,355	11,235	26.5	29.0	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,665	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,985	45,220	45,765	98.2	98.3	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,280	50,040	40,600	45,280	50,040	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,005	45,235	45,775	98.2	98.3	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,120	41,160	35,120	38,120	41,160	35,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,050	40,070	38,980	85.3	87.1	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	44,160	32,880	38,600	44,160	32,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,475	30,780	27,700	63.1	66.9	59.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,040	44,200	35,440	40,040	44,200	35,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,370	38,585	40,780	85.7	83.9	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,480	12,770	14,140	13,480	12,770	14,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,990	6,515	5,475	12.9	14.2	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,700	6,830	6,760	6,700	6,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,535	13,300	11,230	26.5	28.9	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,970	7,710	8,280	7,970	7,710	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,670	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,420	13,570	11,855	27.4	29.5	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	56,400	47,600	52,000	56,400	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	65,600	53,550	60,000	65,600	53,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,910	12,490	12,420	26.9	27.1	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,800	16,800	19,400	23,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	32,040	24,180	28,120	32,040	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.0	78.2	69.0	74.0	78.2	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.8	60.1	52.8	56.8	60.1	52.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.0	21.8	31.1	26.0	21.8	31.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.2	6.2	5.7	5.2	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.5	5.0	4.8	4.5	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,670	46,025	46,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,705	815	885	1.8	1.8	1.9
With total income	90,970	45,210	45,760	98.2	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,770	2,510	3,265	6.3	5.6	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,280	4,845	7,440	13.5	10.7	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,555	7,980	9,570	19.3	17.7	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,345	6,380	6,970	14.7	14.1	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,155	6,120	6,040	13.4	13.5	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,075	4,715	4,360	10.0	10.4	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,165	3,510	2,660	6.8	7.8	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,415	2,770	1,650	4.9	6.1	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	1,990	1,435	3.8	4.4	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,030	1,255	775	2.2	2.8	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,755	3,155	1,600	5.2	7.0	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	3,385	2,185	1,200	3.7	4.8	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,375	970	400	1.5	2.1	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,670	46,025	46,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,680	810	875	1.8	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	90,985	45,220	45,775	98.2	98.3	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,235	2,645	3,595	6.9	5.8	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	12,975	5,215	7,765	14.3	11.5	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	20,295	9,310	10,990	22.3	20.6	24.0
$30,000 to $39,999	16,650	8,280	8,370	18.3	18.3	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,380	7,110	6,270	14.7	15.7	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,415	4,800	3,620	9.2	10.6	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,550	3,255	2,290	6.1	7.2	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,070	1,780	1,285	3.4	3.9	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,630	960	670	1.8	2.1	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	930	605	325	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,850	1,255	595	2.0	2.8	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	945	615	330	1.0	1.4	0.7
$125,000 and over	910	640	265	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,670	46,025	46,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	34,170	15,170	19,005	36.9	33.0	40.7
With employment income	58,495	30,855	27,640	63.1	67.0	59.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,640	4,660	3,985	14.8	15.1	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,725	2,140	2,585	8.1	6.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,790	3,485	4,305	13.3	11.3	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,895	3,205	3,695	11.8	10.4	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,430	3,285	3,145	11.0	10.6	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,075	3,115	2,965	10.4	10.1	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,685	2,640	2,040	8.0	8.6	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,495	2,175	1,320	6.0	7.0	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,810	1,790	1,025	4.8	5.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	1,330	1,080	4.1	4.3	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	840	470	2.2	2.7	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,225	2,180	1,040	5.5	7.1	3.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645	1,055	585	2.8	3.4	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,575	1,125	455	2.7	3.6	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,670	46,020	46,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,865	44,625	45,240	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	30,200	34,800	40,000	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,925	44,640	45,285	97.0	97.0	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	31,400	35,200	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,805	39,655	38,145	84.0	86.2	81.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,400	25,800	30,600	36,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,120	31,065	28,055	63.8	67.5	60.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,600	32,800	37,600	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,645	34,680	37,965	78.4	75.4	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,000	11,000	10,000	9,000	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,375	6,455	4,925	12.3	14.0	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	5,040	4,760	4,920	5,040	4,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,665	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,005	44,715	45,295	97.1	97.2	97.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,040	49,000	37,160	43,040	49,000	37,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,065	44,735	45,335	97.2	97.2	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,880	39,800	31,960	35,880	39,800	31,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,005	39,660	38,345	84.2	86.2	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,560	46,400	32,520	39,560	46,400	32,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,275	31,140	28,140	64.0	67.7	60.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,560	45,640	34,960	40,560	45,640	34,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,950	34,760	38,195	78.7	75.5	81.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,790	10,100	11,410	10,790	10,100	11,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,475	6,315	5,165	12.4	13.7	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,960	7,030	6,440	5,960	7,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,670	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,230	13,480	11,745	27.2	29.3	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	54,800	44,400	49,200	54,800	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,650	64,400	49,840	57,650	64,400	49,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,735	11,970	11,765	25.6	26.0	25.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	29,200	20,600	24,400	29,200	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,560	37,520	27,520	32,560	37,520	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6	84.0	74.0	79.6	84.0	74.0
Employment income (%)	62.1	64.8	58.5	62.1	64.8	58.5
Government transfers (%)	20.3	16.0	25.9	20.3	16.0	25.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,920	...	...	43,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,360	...	...	37,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...	99,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	845	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,395	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,665	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,415	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,315	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,865	...	...	5.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,990	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,715	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,850	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,825	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,765	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,385	...	...	25.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,150	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,160	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,160	...	...	6.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,925	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	310	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	875	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,480	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,925	...	...	7.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,915	...	...	5.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,840	...	...	5.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,615	...	...	6.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,430	...	...	6.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,030	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,400	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,870	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,175	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,310	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,025	...	...	17.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,335	...	...	8.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,320	...	...	4.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,370	...	...	4.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,000	11,810	11,190	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	37,200	32,000	34,400	37,200	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	33,200	29,600	31,400	33,200	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...	87,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,950	...	...	61,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,980	11,915	11,065	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,640	45,000	40,080	42,640	45,000	40,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,360	37,400	35,240	36,360	37,400	35,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,125	54,515	54,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,370	9,960	9,405	17.8	18.3	17.2
0 to 5 years	6,155	3,125	3,030	5.6	5.7	5.5
18 to 64 years	62,410	31,180	31,235	57.2	57.2	57.2
65 years and over	27,350	13,370	13,970	25.1	24.5	25.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,895	7,500	8,395	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,555	1,315	1,240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	850	430	425	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,515	3,750	3,760	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,825	2,430	3,395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	13.8	14.0	13.8	13.8	14.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	21.3	18.2	24.3	21.3	18.2	24.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,125	53,445	53,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,550	9,495	9,060	17.3	17.8	16.9
0 to 5 years	5,875	2,975	2,900	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years	61,290	30,605	30,685	57.2	57.3	57.2
65 years and over	27,280	13,345	13,935	25.5	25.0	26.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,760	1,980	1,785	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	425	225	205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	70	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,955	1,595	1,360	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	160	225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.7	3.3	3.5	3.7	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.2	4.4	4.8	5.2	4.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,125	54,515	54,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,835	34,315	35,525	64.0	62.9	65.1
In bottom decile	13,210	6,300	6,915	12.1	11.6	12.7
In second decile	15,275	7,365	7,910	14.0	13.5	14.5
In third decile	14,775	7,295	7,485	13.5	13.4	13.7
In fourth decile	14,150	7,110	7,040	13.0	13.0	12.9
In fifth decile	12,420	6,245	6,175	11.4	11.5	11.3
In top half of the distribution	39,285	20,205	19,085	36.0	37.1	34.9
In sixth decile	11,215	5,720	5,500	10.3	10.5	10.1
In seventh decile	9,910	5,070	4,845	9.1	9.3	8.9
In eighth decile	8,095	4,185	3,905	7.4	7.7	7.2
In ninth decile	5,990	3,080	2,915	5.5	5.6	5.3
In top decile	4,075	2,155	1,925	3.7	4.0	3.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,125	...	...	109,125	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.468	...	...	0.468	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,430	55,335	56,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	630	330	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
French only	74,675	35,330	39,350	67.0	63.8	70.2
English and French	35,850	19,530	16,325	32.2	35.3	29.1
Neither English nor French	275	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,430	55,335	56,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,830	1,465	1,365	2.5	2.6	2.4
French	107,505	53,285	54,220	96.5	96.3	96.7
English and French	835	455	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Neither English nor French	260	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,430	55,335	56,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,920	54,580	55,340	98.6	98.6	98.7
Official languages	105,405	52,245	53,160	94.6	94.4	94.8
English	2,355	1,200	1,155	2.1	2.2	2.1
French	103,050	51,040	52,010	92.5	92.2	92.7
Non-official languages	4,520	2,335	2,180	4.1	4.2	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,995	1,060	930	1.8	1.9	1.7
Algonquian languages	1,995	1,060	930	1.8	1.9	1.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,985	1,060	925	1.8	1.9	1.6
Atikamekw	1,975	1,050	920	1.8	1.9	1.6
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,520	1,270	1,245	2.3	2.3	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	310	170	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,565	775	790	1.4	1.4	1.4
Albanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,035	505	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	720	325	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,505	760	755	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	1,010	520	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,430	55,335	56,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,620	820	800	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	101,640	50,310	51,335	91.2	90.9	91.5
Non-official language	1,415	745	675	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	820	435	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Non-Indigenous	600	305	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	3,385	1,765	1,620	3.0	3.2	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,515	1,240	1,270	2.3	2.2	2.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	625	350	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,430	55,335	56,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,970	54,620	55,355	98.7	98.7	98.7
Official languages	107,035	53,100	53,940	96.1	96.0	96.2
English	2,210	1,125	1,090	2.0	2.0	1.9
French	104,825	51,980	52,850	94.1	93.9	94.2
Non-official languages	2,930	1,515	1,415	2.6	2.7	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,755	930	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Algonquian languages	1,735	920	810	1.6	1.7	1.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,715	915	805	1.5	1.7	1.4
Atikamekw	1,715	915	805	1.5	1.7	1.4
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,180	585	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	695	335	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	405	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,455	715	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	825	425	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	515	235	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,430	55,335	56,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,005	52,510	53,495	95.1	94.9	95.4
English	2,205	1,175	1,030	2.0	2.1	1.8
French	1,735	885	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
Non-official language	925	460	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	735	360	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	290	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,850	54,390	54,460	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	36,180	19,785	16,395	33.2	36.3	30.0
French	108,205	54,050	54,155	99.2	99.1	99.2
Non-official languages	8,230	4,100	4,130	7.5	7.5	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,210	1,160	1,050	2.0	2.1	1.9
Algonquian languages	2,200	1,160	1,045	2.0	2.1	1.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,190	1,150	1,040	2.0	2.1	1.9
Atikamekw	2,180	1,145	1,040	2.0	2.1	1.9
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,050	2,950	3,100	5.5	5.4	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	330	235	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	570	330	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	560	330	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,495	2,180	2,320	4.1	4.0	4.2
Albanian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	255	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	245	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,740	1,790	1,940	3.4	3.3	3.6
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	465	260	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	3,160	1,455	1,700	2.9	2.7	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,150	2,160	1,990	3.8	4.0	3.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,945	2,055	1,895	3.6	3.8	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,260	1,705	1,555	3.0	3.1	2.8
Métis	685	350	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	104,975	52,365	52,615	96.2	96.0	96.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,625	1,355	1,270	2.4	2.5	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,500	53,165	53,335	97.6	97.5	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,605	...	...	64.3	...	...
Renter	18,385	...	...	35.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,195	...	...	6.1	...	...
Not condominium	49,090	...	...	93.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,930	...	...	13.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	19,590	...	...	37.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,715	...	...	32.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,890	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,465	...	...	33.4	...	...
5 rooms	10,310	...	...	19.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,945	...	...	13.3	...	...
7 rooms	6,035	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,525	...	...	22.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,960	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	330	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,020	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,265	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,945	...	...	17.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,230	...	...	31.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,600	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,615	...	...	10.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,115	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,305	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,595	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,895	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,070	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,215	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,640	...	...	58.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,610	...	...	39.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,295	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,690	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,235	...	...	13.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,555	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,265	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,180	...	...	21.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,630	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,435	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,870	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,810	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,265	...	...	14.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,500	...	...	22.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,190	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,495	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,785	...	...	78.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,625	...	...	5.1	...	...
Not in core need	48,515	...	...	94.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,460	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	936	...	...	936	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	286,800	...	...	286,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,310	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	750	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	814	...	...	814	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	290	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	468	...	...	468	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...	472	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,005	2,105	1,900	3.7	3.9	3.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,000	2,100	1,900	3.7	3.9	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,770	1,995	1,770	3.5	3.7	3.2
Métis single ancestry	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,065	1,500	1,565	2.8	2.8	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,025	1,480	1,540	2.8	2.7	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,845	1,380	1,465	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,060	50,920	51,140	93.5	93.4	93.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,720	53,795	53,930	98.7	98.7	98.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,020	9,785	9,240	17.4	17.9	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,705	44,015	44,690	81.3	80.7	81.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,405	725	680	1.3	1.3	1.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,955	52,340	52,625	96.2	96.0	96.4
Immigrants⁸¹	3,680	1,890	1,795	3.4	3.5	3.3
Before 1980	805	450	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
1980 to 1990	400	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	545	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	830	455	375	0.8	0.8	0.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,105	515	585	1.0	0.9	1.1
2011 to 2015	530	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	570	250	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	485	295	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,680	1,890	1,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	475	265	215	12.9	14.0	12.0
5 to 14 years	685	330	355	18.6	17.5	19.8
15 to 24 years	665	330	335	18.1	17.5	18.7
25 to 44 years	1,625	855	775	44.2	45.2	43.2
45 years and over	230	115	115	6.3	6.1	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,680	1,890	1,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	865	410	460	23.5	21.7	25.6
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	285	130	160	7.7	6.9	8.9
El Salvador	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	110	60	50	3.0	3.2	2.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	10	30	1.1	0.5	1.7
Peru	55	20	35	1.5	1.1	1.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	115	70	50	3.1	3.7	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	220	110	115	6.0	5.8	6.4
Europe	1,600	895	710	43.5	47.4	39.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	1.1	1.3	0.8
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	785	450	335	21.3	23.8	18.7
Germany	40	30	15	1.1	1.6	0.8
Greece	25	25	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	85	65	15	2.3	3.4	0.8
Netherlands	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8
Poland	110	50	60	3.0	2.6	3.3
Portugal	45	15	35	1.2	0.8	1.9
Romania	40	30	15	1.1	1.6	0.8
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	35	1.8	1.9	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	285	140	150	7.7	7.4	8.4
Africa	790	395	390	21.5	20.9	21.7
Algeria	100	55	45	2.7	2.9	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	190	105	85	5.2	5.6	4.7
Egypt	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	135	75	60	3.7	4.0	3.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	345	150	190	9.4	7.9	10.6
Asia	425	195	230	11.5	10.3	12.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	60	45	10	1.6	2.4	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	95	50	50	2.6	2.6	2.8
Turkey	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	20	50	1.9	1.1	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	25	0.8	0.0	1.4
Viet Nam	25	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	35	70	2.9	1.9	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	570	255	320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	75	25	50	13.2	9.8	15.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	0	30	6.1	0.0	9.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	10	2.6	3.9	3.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	2.6	3.9	3.1
Europe	110	60	55	19.3	23.5	17.2
France	75	40	35	13.2	15.7	10.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	10	4.4	7.8	3.1
Africa	235	95	135	41.2	37.3	42.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	95	45	50	16.7	17.6	15.6
Côte d'Ivoire	35	20	20	6.1	7.8	6.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	2.6	0.0	3.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.1
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	8.8	7.8	9.4
Asia	145	70	70	25.4	27.5	21.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	25	0	5.3	9.8	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	40	50	15.8	15.7	15.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,440	2,310	2,125	4.1	4.2	3.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,710	1,915	1,795	3.4	3.5	3.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	100,980	50,290	50,685	92.5	92.2	92.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,875	1,435	1,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,025	560	465	35.7	39.0	32.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	560	395	165	19.5	27.5	11.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	465	165	300	16.2	11.5	20.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	890	405	485	31.0	28.2	33.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	950	470	470	33.0	32.8	32.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,875	1,435	1,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	130	60	70	4.5	4.2	4.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	365	245	110	12.7	17.1	7.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	20	25	1.6	1.4	1.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	40	65	3.7	2.8	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	20	15	1.2	1.4	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,195	1,045	1,150	76.3	72.8	79.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,060	1,500	1,560	2.8	2.8	2.9
South Asian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	190	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	1,150	575	575	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	485	270	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	695	310	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Southeast Asian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,065	53,025	53,045	97.2	97.3	97.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,125	54,520	54,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	39,865	19,485	20,380	36.5	35.7	37.3
English	1,340	675	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	5,515	2,615	2,890	5.1	4.8	5.3
Scottish	1,730	825	900	1.6	1.5	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,365	12,925	12,445	23.2	23.7	22.8
German	1,105	565	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	1,860	1,030	835	1.7	1.9	1.5
Indian (India)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	495	245	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Québécois	19,290	9,680	9,615	17.7	17.8	17.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Filipino	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,880	4,775	5,105	9.1	8.8	9.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,715	850	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,415	1,170	1,245	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,020	530	490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	275	160	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	570	285	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	590	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,675	780	895	1.5	1.4	1.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	255	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	150	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,150	600	550	1.1	1.1	1.0
Danish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	745	400	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	515	290	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	220	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	335	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Moroccan	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	335	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	275	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	70	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	290	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	125	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	280	165	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	1,940	985	955	1.8	1.8	1.7
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,125	54,520	54,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	185	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	76,345	37,315	39,025	70.0	68.4	71.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,985	2,445	2,535	4.6	4.5	4.6
Anabaptist	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catholic	69,335	33,845	35,485	63.5	62.1	65.0
Christian Orthodox	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	785	395	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	700	380	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	545	310	235	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	285	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	30,990	16,275	14,720	28.4	29.9	27.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,225	54,100	54,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,125	47,690	47,430	87.9	88.2	87.6
Movers	13,100	6,410	6,690	12.1	11.8	12.4
Non-migrants	4,485	2,135	2,350	4.1	3.9	4.3
Migrants	8,615	4,275	4,340	8.0	7.9	8.0
Internal migrants	8,435	4,185	4,250	7.8	7.7	7.9
Intraprovincial migrants	8,325	4,125	4,205	7.7	7.6	7.8
Interprovincial migrants	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,045	52,000	52,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,665	30,585	30,080	58.3	58.8	57.8
Movers	43,380	21,415	21,970	41.7	41.2	42.2
Non-migrants	9,780	4,950	4,835	9.4	9.5	9.3
Migrants	33,600	16,465	17,135	32.3	31.7	32.9
Internal migrants	32,755	16,040	16,715	31.5	30.8	32.1
Intraprovincial migrants	32,315	15,785	16,535	31.1	30.4	31.8
Interprovincial migrants	435	250	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
External migrants	845	425	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,670	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,760	13,855	10,905	26.7	30.1	23.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,905	32,155	35,755	73.3	69.9	76.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,190	27,985	28,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,445	7,640	4,800	22.1	27.3	17.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,745	20,340	23,395	77.9	72.7	82.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,665	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,610	11,550	10,060	23.3	25.1	21.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,305	10,485	11,820	24.1	22.8	25.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,750	23,975	24,775	52.6	52.1	53.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,580	18,790	17,785	39.5	40.8	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,290	11,820	7,470	20.8	25.7	16.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,885	7,385	6,495	15.0	16.1	13.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,405	4,430	975	5.8	9.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,345	5,860	8,485	15.5	12.7	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,945	1,110	1,830	3.2	2.4	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,175	5,180	6,985	13.1	11.3	15.0
Bachelor's degree	8,390	3,505	4,880	9.1	7.6	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,075	485	585	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	1,960	820	1,135	2.1	1.8	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,185	27,980	28,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,260	6,070	4,185	18.3	21.7	14.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,445	5,750	5,700	20.4	20.6	20.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,485	16,170	18,320	61.4	57.8	65.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,860	12,980	12,880	46.0	46.4	45.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,295	8,465	5,835	25.4	30.3	20.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,445	5,280	5,170	18.6	18.9	18.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,850	3,190	665	6.9	11.4	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,795	3,875	5,925	17.4	13.8	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,760	645	1,120	3.1	2.3	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,625	3,185	5,440	15.4	11.4	19.3
Bachelor's degree	5,950	2,215	3,735	10.6	7.9	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	700	260	435	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	125	200	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,445	510	930	2.6	1.8	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	75	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,665	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,920	22,040	21,880	47.4	47.9	46.9
Education	4,750	1,160	3,595	5.1	2.5	7.7
13. Education	4,750	1,160	3,595	5.1	2.5	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,565	735	835	1.7	1.6	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,375	610	770	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	2,070	845	1,220	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	220	60	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,205	515	695	1.3	1.1	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	260	60	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,360	1,015	2,340	3.6	2.2	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	130	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	55	875	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	705	295	410	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	540	170	370	0.6	0.4	0.8
45. Social sciences	670	345	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Business, management and public administration	9,620	3,000	6,625	10.4	6.5	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	630	135	495	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,995	2,865	6,125	9.7	6.2	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,055	555	505	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	350	125	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	260	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	180	145	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,025	750	275	1.1	1.6	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	820	615	205	0.9	1.3	0.4
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	100	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,830	11,045	790	12.8	24.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	310	180	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	755	680	80	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,050	1,785	265	2.2	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,400	3,280	115	3.7	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,900	2,840	60	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	2,415	2,275	140	2.6	4.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,570	1,035	535	1.7	2.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,065	585	480	1.1	1.3	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	445	55	0.5	1.0	0.1
Health and related fields	7,030	1,285	5,740	7.6	2.8	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	175	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,500	1,005	5,495	7.0	2.2	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,865	2,550	2,315	5.3	5.5	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,575	620	1,960	2.8	1.3	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	875	695	180	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,400	1,225	175	1.5	2.7	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,185	27,985	28,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,700	11,820	9,880	38.6	42.2	35.0
Education	3,030	635	2,395	5.4	2.3	8.5
13. Education	3,030	635	2,395	5.4	2.3	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,140	540	600	2.0	1.9	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,035	465	575	1.8	1.7	2.0
Humanities	1,310	525	785	2.3	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	310	445	1.3	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	40	150	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,440	540	1,900	4.3	1.9	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	65	195	0.5	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	40	730	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	485	150	340	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	385	95	290	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	450	180	270	0.8	0.6	1.0
Business, management and public administration	6,830	1,905	4,920	12.2	6.8	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	60	350	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,415	1,845	4,570	11.4	6.6	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	560	300	265	1.0	1.1	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	80	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	135	105	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	765	560	205	1.4	2.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	645	485	160	1.1	1.7	0.6
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,370	7,695	675	14.9	27.5	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	240	130	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	510	455	55	0.9	1.6	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,195	250	2.6	4.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,425	2,335	90	4.3	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,060	2,015	45	3.7	7.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,685	1,565	120	3.0	5.6	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,190	745	445	2.1	2.7	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	450	405	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	295	40	0.6	1.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,140	840	4,295	9.1	3.0	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	100	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,780	680	4,095	8.5	2.4	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,710	1,880	1,825	6.6	6.7	6.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,905	380	1,525	3.4	1.4	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	670	520	145	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,135	980	155	2.0	3.5	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,185	27,985	28,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,700	11,820	9,880	38.6	42.2	35.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,485	16,165	18,320	61.4	57.8	65.0
Location of study inside Canada	33,420	15,575	17,845	59.5	55.7	63.3
Same as province or territory of residence	33,040	15,400	17,635	58.8	55.0	62.5
Different than province or territory of residence	380	175	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,065	590	475	1.9	2.1	1.7
Americas	205	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	555	310	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
Belgium	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	420	265	160	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	195	120	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,665	46,010	46,655	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,335	26,645	24,690	...	...	...
Employed	47,280	24,450	22,830	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,055	2,190	1,865	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	41,335	19,370	21,965	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.4	57.9	52.9	55.4	57.9	52.9
Employment rate	51.0	53.1	48.9	51.0	53.1	48.9
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.2	7.6	7.9	8.2	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,665	46,010	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	40,355	18,690	21,665	43.5	40.6	46.4
Worked	52,310	27,320	24,990	56.5	59.4	53.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,180	14,050	12,125	28.3	30.5	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,130	13,270	12,860	28.2	28.8	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.8	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,330	26,645	24,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,200	620	580	2.3	2.3	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,135	26,020	24,115	97.7	97.7	97.7
Employee	43,400	21,895	21,500	84.6	82.2	87.1
Permanent position	36,645	18,635	18,010	71.4	69.9	72.9
Temporary position	6,755	3,260	3,490	13.2	12.2	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,965	800	1,160	3.8	3.0	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,795	2,460	2,330	9.3	9.2	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,735	4,125	2,610	13.1	15.5	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,330	26,645	24,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,200	620	580	2.3	2.3	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,135	26,020	24,115	97.7	97.7	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	990	730	260	1.9	2.7	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,875	1,925	4,945	13.4	7.2	20.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,115	1,545	575	4.1	5.8	2.3
3 Health occupations	4,665	820	3,845	9.1	3.1	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,615	1,805	4,810	12.9	6.8	19.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	535	575	2.2	2.0	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	12,810	5,405	7,405	25.0	20.3	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,015	10,120	895	21.5	38.0	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,225	1,020	205	2.4	3.8	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,720	2,115	600	5.3	7.9	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,330	26,645	24,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,200	620	580	2.3	2.3	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	50,135	26,020	24,115	97.7	97.7	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,145	805	340	2.2	3.0	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	125	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	280	195	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	5,075	4,465	615	9.9	16.8	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,365	4,115	1,255	10.5	15.4	5.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,405	1,085	320	2.7	4.1	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,785	3,085	3,705	13.2	11.6	15.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,185	1,670	515	4.3	6.3	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	615	390	225	1.2	1.5	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,195	405	785	2.3	1.5	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	590	340	250	1.1	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,350	1,175	1,180	4.6	4.4	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,960	1,270	690	3.8	4.8	2.8
61 Educational services	4,005	1,065	2,940	7.8	4.0	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	8,400	1,555	6,845	16.4	5.8	27.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	840	455	385	1.6	1.7	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,610	1,060	1,550	5.1	4.0	6.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,750	1,455	1,290	5.4	5.5	5.2
91 Public administration	2,390	1,295	1,090	4.7	4.9	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,660	28,955	26,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	670	435	240	1.2	1.5	0.9
French	47,850	24,430	23,420	86.0	84.4	87.7
Non-official language	235	155	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	140	85	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	6,120	3,540	2,585	11.0	12.2	9.7
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	595	310	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,660	28,955	26,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,830	28,510	26,325	98.5	98.5	98.6
Official languages	54,310	28,175	26,135	97.6	97.3	97.9
English	1,370	870	500	2.5	3.0	1.9
French	52,945	27,310	25,635	95.1	94.3	96.0
Non-official languages	515	330	190	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	250	150	0.7	0.9	0.6
Algonquian languages	395	250	150	0.7	0.9	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	395	250	150	0.7	0.9	0.6
Atikamekw	395	250	150	0.7	0.9	0.6
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	70	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	830	445	385	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and French	710	405	305	1.3	1.4	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,660	28,955	26,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,540	25,435	24,105	89.0	87.8	90.3
English	4,790	2,730	2,060	8.6	9.4	7.7
French	945	595	345	1.7	2.1	1.3
Non-official language	255	125	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,280	24,450	22,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,945	2,675	3,265	12.6	10.9	14.3
Worked outside Canada	75	65	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,455	5,050	1,405	13.7	20.7	6.2
Usual place of work	34,805	16,650	18,145	73.6	68.1	79.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,805	16,655	18,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,055	4,545	5,510	28.9	27.3	30.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,405	4,920	6,485	32.8	29.5	35.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,300	7,150	6,145	38.2	42.9	33.9
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,260	21,705	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,900	19,995	17,910	91.9	92.1	91.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,195	19,270	16,920	87.7	88.8	86.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,710	725	985	4.1	3.3	5.0
Public transit	250	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Walked	2,110	970	1,130	5.1	4.5	5.8
Bicycle	375	280	95	0.9	1.3	0.5
Other method	620	340	280	1.5	1.6	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,260	21,705	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,235	7,465	8,765	39.3	34.4	44.8
15 to 29 minutes	11,660	5,725	5,930	28.3	26.4	30.3
30 to 44 minutes	5,940	3,185	2,755	14.4	14.7	14.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,795	1,840	950	6.8	8.5	4.9
60 minutes and over	4,635	3,485	1,150	11.2	16.1	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,260	21,705	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,600	2,855	745	8.7	13.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,790	4,665	2,120	16.5	21.5	10.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,055	5,510	6,540	29.2	25.4	33.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,520	3,205	5,315	20.6	14.8	27.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,560	1,370	2,190	8.6	6.3	11.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,745	4,100	2,635	16.3	18.9	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,700	10,135	9,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,835	960	875	9.3	9.5	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,860	9,175	8,690	90.7	90.5	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,255	7,365	6,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,390	750	635	9.8	10.2	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	975	525	455	6.8	7.1	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	415	230	190	2.9	3.1	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,865	6,620	6,250	90.2	89.9	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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