Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Joliette--ManawanMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	104,735	51,415	53,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,690	8,560	8,130	15.9	16.6	15.2
0 to 4 years	5,180	2,625	2,555	4.9	5.1	4.8
5 to 9 years	5,720	2,920	2,800	5.5	5.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,785	3,010	2,775	5.5	5.9	5.2
15 to 64 years	61,470	30,520	30,955	58.7	59.4	58.1
15 to 19 years	4,595	2,310	2,280	4.4	4.5	4.3
20 to 24 years	4,355	2,225	2,130	4.2	4.3	4.0
25 to 29 years	5,540	2,780	2,765	5.3	5.4	5.2
30 to 34 years	5,910	2,915	2,995	5.6	5.7	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,140	3,070	3,075	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	6,205	3,160	3,040	5.9	6.1	5.7
45 to 49 years	5,455	2,760	2,705	5.2	5.4	5.1
50 to 54 years	5,905	2,960	2,945	5.6	5.8	5.5
55 to 59 years	8,085	3,900	4,180	7.7	7.6	7.8
60 to 64 years	9,280	4,445	4,835	8.9	8.6	9.1
65 years and over	26,570	12,335	14,235	25.4	24.0	26.7
65 to 69 years	8,435	4,215	4,220	8.1	8.2	7.9
70 to 74 years	6,930	3,340	3,590	6.6	6.5	6.7
75 to 79 years	5,065	2,375	2,690	4.8	4.6	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,120	1,350	1,770	3.0	2.6	3.3
85 years and over	3,025	1,050	1,970	2.9	2.0	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,830	695	1,130	1.7	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	920	290	625	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	245	55	190	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.6	15.2	15.9	16.6	15.2
15 to 64 years	58.7	59.4	58.1	58.7	59.4	58.1
65 years and over	25.4	24.0	26.7	25.4	24.0	26.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.0	3.7	2.9	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	45.4	44.4	46.3	45.4	44.4	46.3
Median age of the population	47.6	46.0	49.2	47.6	46.0	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,700	...	...	62.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,705	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	615	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,785	...	...	5.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,805	...	...	24.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,055	...	...	36.0	...	...
2 persons	17,865	...	...	37.7	...	...
3 persons	5,435	...	...	11.5	...	...
4 persons	4,390	...	...	9.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,615	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,530	50,270	51,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,040	42,855	45,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,500	24,700	24,800	56.2	57.6	54.9
Married	25,455	12,735	12,720	28.9	29.7	28.2
Living common-law	24,040	11,965	12,080	27.3	27.9	26.7
Living common law - Never married	18,845	9,310	9,540	21.4	21.7	21.1
Living common law - Separated	215	115	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,365	2,245	2,115	5.0	5.2	4.7
Living common law - Widowed	615	285	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	38,545	18,155	20,390	43.8	42.4	45.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,885	13,170	11,710	28.3	30.7	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,110	510	595	1.3	1.2	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,945	2,990	3,955	7.9	7.0	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,605	1,480	4,130	6.4	3.5	9.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,790	...	...	60.9	...	...
3 persons	5,205	...	...	17.8	...	...
4 persons	4,170	...	...	14.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,055	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,295	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	12,275	...	...	42.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,730	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	8,545	...	...	29.2	...	...
Common-law couples	12,020	...	...	41.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,790	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	6,230	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,925	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,570	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,530	50,270	51,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,100	39,195	39,915	77.9	78.0	77.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,585	24,235	24,350	47.9	48.2	47.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,925	1,355	3,570	4.9	2.7	7.0
Children⁶	25,590	13,600	11,990	25.2	27.1	23.4
In a two-parent family	18,085	9,445	8,640	17.8	18.8	16.9
In a one-parent family	7,505	4,155	3,350	7.4	8.3	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,425	11,080	11,345	22.1	22.0	22.1
Living alone	17,055	8,220	8,835	16.8	16.4	17.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,130	970	1,160	2.1	1.9	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	3,240	1,890	1,350	3.2	3.8	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,900	...	...	56.8	...	...
Couple-family households	22,755	...	...	48.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,805	...	...	18.6	...	...
Without children	13,950	...	...	29.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,145	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	690	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	975	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,600	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	17,060	...	...	36.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,855	41,720	43,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,210	40,925	42,285	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,000	38,000	41,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,235	40,940	42,300	98.1	98.1	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	31,000	34,000	36,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,665	36,575	36,080	85.6	87.7	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	35,200	24,600	29,800	35,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,630	28,540	26,090	64.4	68.4	60.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	28,600	32,800	37,200	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,240	34,535	37,705	85.1	82.8	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	12,000	13,600	13,000	12,000	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,090	6,045	5,045	13.1	14.5	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,680	5,480	5,520	5,680	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,720	12,220	10,495	26.8	29.3	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,780	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,140	40,920	42,220	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,440	49,960	41,120	45,440	49,960	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,165	40,940	42,230	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,320	41,120	35,600	38,320	41,120	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,465	36,350	36,115	85.5	87.2	83.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,320	33,280	38,800	44,320	33,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,610	28,475	26,140	64.4	68.3	60.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	44,760	35,920	40,520	44,760	35,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,410	34,685	37,730	85.4	83.2	87.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,360	12,490	14,160	13,360	12,490	14,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,230	5,935	5,295	13.2	14.2	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,780	6,580	7,000	6,780	6,580	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,495	12,055	10,440	26.5	28.9	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,870	7,580	8,200	7,870	7,580	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,780	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,340	13,060	11,280	28.7	31.3	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	57,200	47,600	52,400	57,200	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,600	64,700	53,600	59,600	64,700	53,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,005	11,250	11,755	27.1	27.0	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,000	17,400	20,000	24,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,640	32,520	24,920	28,640	32,520	24,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.4	78.8	69.2	74.4	78.8	69.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.6	62.3	54.1	58.6	62.3	54.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.6	21.2	30.8	25.6	21.2	30.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.2	6.2	5.6	5.2	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,855	41,720	43,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,645	795	850	1.9	1.9	2.0
With total income	83,210	40,925	42,285	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,215	2,270	2,935	6.3	5.5	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,000	4,330	6,680	13.2	10.6	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,790	7,030	8,760	19.0	17.2	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,185	5,745	6,445	14.6	14.0	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,160	5,525	5,635	13.4	13.5	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,375	4,300	4,080	10.1	10.5	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,815	3,285	2,525	7.0	8.0	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,190	2,590	1,600	5.0	6.3	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,250	1,860	1,385	3.9	4.6	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,905	1,155	755	2.3	2.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,320	2,835	1,485	5.2	6.9	3.5
$100,000 to $149,999	3,170	2,020	1,150	3.8	4.9	2.7
$150,000 and over	1,155	810	340	1.4	2.0	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,855	41,720	43,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,620	780	835	1.9	1.9	1.9
With after-tax income	83,235	40,940	42,300	98.1	98.1	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,610	2,395	3,210	6.7	5.9	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,625	4,640	6,985	14.0	11.3	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	18,250	8,210	10,035	21.9	20.1	23.7
$30,000 to $39,999	15,245	7,495	7,745	18.3	18.3	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,340	6,460	5,880	14.8	15.8	13.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,985	4,525	3,460	9.6	11.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,325	3,080	2,245	6.4	7.5	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	1,635	1,240	3.5	4.0	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,550	895	660	1.9	2.2	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	845	545	300	1.0	1.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,590	1,060	525	1.9	2.6	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	855	545	310	1.0	1.3	0.7
$125,000 and over	740	515	220	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,855	41,720	43,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,220	13,180	17,045	35.6	31.6	39.5
With employment income	54,635	28,540	26,090	64.4	68.4	60.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,665	4,070	3,595	14.0	14.2	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,290	1,895	2,395	7.9	6.6	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,215	3,175	4,040	13.2	11.1	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,405	2,930	3,480	11.7	10.3	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,055	3,060	2,990	11.1	10.7	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,790	2,950	2,840	10.6	10.4	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,465	2,495	1,970	8.2	8.8	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,400	2,100	1,300	6.2	7.4	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	1,745	1,010	5.0	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,355	1,295	1,055	4.3	4.5	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	825	455	2.3	2.9	1.7
$100,000 and over	2,965	2,000	965	5.4	7.0	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,585	1,015	570	2.9	3.6	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,385	990	395	2.5	3.5	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,855	41,720	43,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,155	40,370	41,785	96.8	96.8	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,600	35,200	40,400	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,205	40,375	41,825	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	28,200	31,600	35,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,455	36,045	35,415	84.2	86.4	82.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,800	26,000	31,000	36,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,055	28,630	26,425	64.9	68.6	61.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,000	33,600	38,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,305	31,090	35,210	78.1	74.5	81.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,700	10,900	9,900	8,700	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,635	5,930	4,700	12.5	14.2	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,840	4,760	4,800	4,840	4,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,780	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,175	40,410	41,770	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	48,480	37,520	42,920	48,480	37,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,220	40,420	41,800	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,960	39,600	32,400	35,960	39,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,380	35,905	35,475	84.2	86.1	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,400	45,960	32,760	39,400	45,960	32,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,100	28,620	26,475	65.0	68.6	61.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,640	45,560	35,280	40,640	45,560	35,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,560	31,190	35,375	78.5	74.8	82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,710	9,890	11,430	10,710	9,890	11,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,830	5,845	4,980	12.8	14.0	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	5,840	7,110	6,430	5,840	7,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,780	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,140	12,960	11,185	28.5	31.1	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	55,200	44,400	49,600	55,200	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,500	62,500	49,600	56,500	62,500	49,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,895	10,730	11,160	25.8	25.7	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,400	21,200	24,600	29,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,640	37,600	27,880	32,640	37,600	27,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.8	84.2	74.2	79.8	84.2	74.2
Employment income (%)	63.5	66.6	59.7	63.5	66.6	59.7
Government transfers (%)	20.2	15.7	25.8	20.2	15.7	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.0	1.7	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,800	...	...	79,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,300	...	...	67,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,840	...	...	43,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,240	...	...	37,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	755	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,225	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,220	...	...	6.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,105	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,035	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,665	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,445	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,320	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,730	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,465	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,065	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,685	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,850	...	...	10.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,030	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,090	...	...	6.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,720	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	785	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,290	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,455	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,560	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,505	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,210	...	...	6.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,070	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,705	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,840	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,330	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,815	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,620	...	...	18.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,155	...	...	8.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,285	...	...	4.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,180	...	...	4.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,295	10,110	10,185	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	37,200	32,000	34,400	37,200	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	33,200	29,800	31,400	33,200	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,100	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,200	...	...	135,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,400	...	...	71,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,550	...	...	62,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,270	10,160	10,115	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,640	45,040	40,200	42,640	45,040	40,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,360	37,400	35,320	36,360	37,400	35,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,530	50,270	51,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,540	10,000	9,545	19.2	19.9	18.6
0 to 5 years	6,265	3,160	3,105	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	58,115	28,820	29,300	57.2	57.3	57.2
65 years and over	23,870	11,455	12,415	23.5	22.8	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,125	6,520	7,605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,410	1,235	1,180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	820	410	410	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,605	3,245	3,360	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,110	2,040	3,075	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.9	13.0	14.8	13.9	13.0	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.4	12.4	12.3	12.4	12.4	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	13.0	13.3	13.1	13.0	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	11.3	11.5	11.4	11.3	11.5
65 years and over (%)	21.4	17.8	24.7	21.4	17.8	24.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	99,530	49,200	50,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,725	9,525	9,195	18.8	19.4	18.3
0 to 5 years	5,980	3,015	2,970	6.0	6.1	5.9
18 to 64 years	57,000	28,250	28,755	57.3	57.4	57.1
65 years and over	23,805	11,425	12,380	23.9	23.2	24.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,390	1,760	1,630	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	410	215	200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	65	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,640	1,405	1,230	...	...	...
65 years and over	340	135	200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.0	4.3	4.6	5.0	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,530	50,275	51,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	64,250	31,225	33,025	63.3	62.1	64.4
In bottom decile	11,755	5,495	6,260	11.6	10.9	12.2
In second decile	13,780	6,555	7,225	13.6	13.0	14.1
In third decile	13,660	6,700	6,960	13.5	13.3	13.6
In fourth decile	13,185	6,550	6,640	13.0	13.0	13.0
In fifth decile	11,875	5,935	5,940	11.7	11.8	11.6
In top half of the distribution	37,280	19,040	18,235	36.7	37.9	35.6
In sixth decile	10,785	5,475	5,310	10.6	10.9	10.4
In seventh decile	9,530	4,840	4,690	9.4	9.6	9.2
In eighth decile	7,715	3,965	3,750	7.6	7.9	7.3
In ninth decile	5,740	2,935	2,805	5.7	5.8	5.5
In top decile	3,510	1,830	1,675	3.5	3.6	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,530	...	...	101,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	103,780	51,080	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	535	285	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
French only	70,715	33,230	37,485	68.1	65.1	71.1
English and French	32,255	17,415	14,835	31.1	34.1	28.1
Neither English nor French	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	103,780	51,080	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,440	1,240	1,200	2.4	2.4	2.3
French	100,305	49,275	51,025	96.7	96.5	96.8
English and French	775	420	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Neither English nor French	265	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	103,780	51,080	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,365	50,370	51,990	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	97,845	48,035	49,805	94.3	94.0	94.5
English	2,050	1,020	1,030	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	95,795	47,020	48,775	92.3	92.1	92.5
Non-official languages	4,520	2,335	2,185	4.4	4.6	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,995	1,060	930	1.9	2.1	1.8
Algonquian languages	1,990	1,060	930	1.9	2.1	1.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,985	1,055	925	1.9	2.1	1.8
Atikamekw	1,975	1,050	925	1.9	2.1	1.8
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,520	1,275	1,250	2.4	2.5	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	195	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	335	180	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	335	185	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,465	715	750	1.4	1.4	1.4
Albanian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,010	490	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	735	335	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,415	705	715	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	875	445	430	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	435	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	103,780	51,080	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,375	680	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
French	94,505	46,355	48,145	91.1	90.7	91.3
Non-official language	1,410	740	675	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	820	435	380	0.8	0.9	0.7
Non-Indigenous	595	305	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	3,040	1,565	1,480	2.9	3.1	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,640	1,295	1,340	2.5	2.5	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	615	340	270	0.6	0.7	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	103,780	51,080	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,435	50,430	52,005	98.7	98.7	98.7
Official languages	99,500	48,910	50,595	95.9	95.8	96.0
English	1,880	935	945	1.8	1.8	1.8
French	97,620	47,970	49,650	94.1	93.9	94.2
Non-official languages	2,940	1,520	1,415	2.8	3.0	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,750	930	820	1.7	1.8	1.6
Algonquian languages	1,735	925	810	1.7	1.8	1.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,715	915	805	1.7	1.8	1.5
Atikamekw	1,715	915	805	1.7	1.8	1.5
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,185	590	595	1.1	1.2	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	675	330	340	0.7	0.6	0.6
Albanian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	470	240	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	410	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,345	650	695	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	715	365	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	103,780	51,080	52,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	98,525	48,360	50,165	94.9	94.7	95.2
English	2,030	1,080	955	2.0	2.1	1.8
French	1,670	845	830	1.6	1.7	1.6
Non-official language	995	495	505	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	810	395	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	300	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,445	50,180	51,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,175	50,055	51,125	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	32,475	17,650	14,830	32.0	35.2	28.9
French	100,620	49,760	50,860	99.2	99.2	99.2
Non-official languages	8,055	4,010	4,040	7.9	8.0	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,210	1,160	1,050	2.2	2.3	2.0
Algonquian languages	2,200	1,155	1,045	2.2	2.3	2.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	2,190	1,150	1,040	2.2	2.3	2.0
Atikamekw	2,185	1,145	1,040	2.2	2.3	2.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,875	2,860	3,010	5.8	5.7	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	630	365	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	625	365	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	620	360	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,130	2,000	2,130	4.1	4.0	4.2
Albanian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	165	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	130	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	195	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,450	1,645	1,805	3.4	3.3	3.5
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	445	250	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,930	1,340	1,590	2.9	2.7	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	445	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	245	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,440	50,180	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,945	2,035	1,915	3.9	4.1	3.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,765	1,945	1,825	3.7	3.9	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,170	1,650	1,520	3.1	3.3	3.0
Métis	600	295	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,500	48,145	49,350	96.1	95.9	96.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,440	50,180	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,570	1,320	1,245	2.5	2.6	2.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	98,875	48,860	50,015	97.5	97.4	97.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,635	...	...	62.6	...	...
Renter	17,420	...	...	36.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,070	...	...	6.5	...	...
Not condominium	44,275	...	...	93.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,205	...	...	13.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,380	...	...	36.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,040	...	...	31.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,575	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,950	...	...	33.7	...	...
5 rooms	9,025	...	...	19.1	...	...
6 rooms	5,955	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,530	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,880	...	...	23.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,035	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,155	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,190	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,880	...	...	16.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,085	...	...	29.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,930	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,145	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,780	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,330	...	...	9.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,550	...	...	7.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,645	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,620	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,725	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,385	...	...	57.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,030	...	...	40.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	930	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,245	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,615	...	...	11.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,125	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,945	...	...	14.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,505	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,715	...	...	20.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,945	...	...	10.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,240	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,770	...	...	85.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,980	...	...	14.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,535	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,225	...	...	21.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,470	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	975	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,120	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,120	...	...	78.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,380	...	...	5.1	...	...
Not in core need	43,920	...	...	94.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.3	...	...	59.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	971	...	...	971	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	283,600	...	...	283,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,345	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	819	...	...	819	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	290	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	468	...	...	468	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...	472	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,440	50,175	51,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,825	2,010	1,820	3.8	4.0	3.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,820	2,005	1,810	3.8	4.0	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,620	1,925	1,690	3.6	3.8	3.3
Métis single ancestry	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,780	1,315	1,465	2.7	2.6	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,745	1,295	1,445	2.7	2.6	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,585	1,215	1,370	2.5	2.4	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	94,835	46,855	47,985	93.5	93.4	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,440	50,180	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,960	49,450	50,515	98.5	98.5	98.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,105	9,745	9,360	18.8	19.4	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,850	39,705	41,155	79.7	79.1	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,485	735	750	1.5	1.5	1.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,440	50,180	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,300	48,055	49,245	95.9	95.8	96.1
Immigrants⁸¹	3,660	1,830	1,830	3.6	3.6	3.6
Before 1980	675	365	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
1980 to 1990	360	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
1991 to 2000	515	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	840	450	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,270	580	700	1.3	1.2	1.4
2011 to 2015	625	310	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
2016 to 2021	650	260	385	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	485	295	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,660	1,830	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	460	235	225	12.6	12.8	12.3
5 to 14 years	725	340	380	19.8	18.6	20.8
15 to 24 years	635	320	315	17.3	17.5	17.2
25 to 44 years	1,660	845	815	45.4	46.2	44.5
45 years and over	185	90	95	5.1	4.9	5.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,660	1,830	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,020	470	545	27.9	25.7	29.8
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Colombia	295	130	170	8.1	7.1	9.3
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	245	115	125	6.7	6.3	6.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	10	25	1.1	0.5	1.4
Peru	60	25	40	1.6	1.4	2.2
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	130	75	50	3.6	4.1	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	215	95	120	5.9	5.2	6.6
Europe	1,325	730	595	36.2	39.9	32.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	630	355	270	17.2	19.4	14.8
Germany	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5
Greece	20	20	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	65	20	2.2	3.6	1.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Poland	95	40	60	2.6	2.2	3.3
Portugal	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.1
Romania	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	35	1.6	1.4	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	250	115	140	6.8	6.3	7.7
Africa	945	455	490	25.8	24.9	26.8
Algeria	115	55	60	3.1	3.0	3.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	195	105	90	5.3	5.7	4.9
Egypt	10	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	150	85	70	4.1	4.6	3.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	455	195	265	12.4	10.7	14.5
Asia	370	175	190	10.1	9.6	10.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	60	45	15	1.6	2.5	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	100	50	50	2.7	2.7	2.7
Turkey	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	1.4	1.1	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	35	65	2.9	1.9	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	650	265	385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	95	30	65	14.6	11.3	16.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	10	30	6.2	3.8	7.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	10	3.1	3.8	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20	5.4	3.8	5.2
Europe	120	65	55	18.5	24.5	14.3
France	75	35	40	11.5	13.2	10.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	25	20	5.4	9.4	5.2
Africa	285	100	185	43.8	37.7	48.1
Algeria	15	10	10	2.3	3.8	2.6
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	35	0	25	5.4	0.0	6.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	45	55	15.4	17.0	14.3
Côte d'Ivoire	45	15	30	6.9	5.7	7.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	2.3	0.0	2.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	0	15	2.3	0.0	3.9
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	30	7.7	7.5	7.8
Asia	145	70	70	22.3	26.4	18.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	10	5.4	7.5	2.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	45	13.1	15.1	11.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,440	50,180	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,385	2,235	2,150	4.3	4.5	4.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,660	1,840	1,820	3.6	3.7	3.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	93,400	46,105	47,290	92.1	91.9	92.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,985	1,460	1,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,030	545	480	34.5	37.3	31.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	530	390	140	17.8	26.7	9.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	500	155	340	16.8	10.6	22.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	905	395	510	30.3	27.1	33.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,030	515	520	34.5	35.3	34.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,985	1,460	1,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	190	80	110	6.4	5.5	7.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	325	215	110	10.9	14.7	7.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	30	25	1.8	2.1	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	100	50	50	3.4	3.4	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	20	20	1.3	1.4	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,275	1,065	1,210	76.2	72.9	79.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,440	50,175	51,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,555	1,695	1,860	3.5	3.4	3.6
South Asian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	1,645	760	885	1.6	1.5	1.7
Filipino	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	550	300	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latin American	725	335	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	97,890	48,485	49,400	96.5	96.6	96.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,440	50,180	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,035	17,905	19,135	36.5	35.7	37.3
English	1,215	605	610	1.2	1.2	1.2
Irish	5,025	2,330	2,695	5.0	4.6	5.3
Scottish	1,525	720	805	1.5	1.4	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,140	11,585	11,555	22.8	23.1	22.5
German	995	505	490	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	1,780	955	825	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indian (India)	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	470	240	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Québécois	18,180	9,080	9,100	17.9	18.1	17.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Filipino	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	9,175	4,430	4,750	9.0	8.8	9.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,445	720	730	1.4	1.4	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,305	1,140	1,170	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis	385	175	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	975	520	455	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	495	245	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	525	245	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,610	750	860	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	320	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	175	125	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,085	575	515	1.1	1.1	1.0
Danish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	620	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	500	260	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	595	280	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	335	130	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	205	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	270	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	300	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	155	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	265	160	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	1,945	985	955	1.9	2.0	1.9
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,440	50,175	51,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	69,970	33,800	36,180	69.0	67.4	70.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,965	2,425	2,535	4.9	4.8	4.9
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baptist	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	63,090	30,430	32,660	62.2	60.6	63.7
Christian Orthodox	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	360	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	655	310	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	780	420	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	540	300	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	265	125	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	29,645	15,440	14,205	29.2	30.8	27.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,550	49,760	50,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,400	43,905	44,490	87.9	88.2	87.6
Movers	12,150	5,855	6,295	12.1	11.8	12.4
Non-migrants	4,300	2,060	2,245	4.3	4.1	4.4
Migrants	7,850	3,800	4,050	7.8	7.6	8.0
Internal migrants	7,680	3,715	3,970	7.6	7.5	7.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,595	3,665	3,925	7.6	7.4	7.7
Interprovincial migrants	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,320	47,660	48,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,370	28,160	28,215	58.5	59.1	58.0
Movers	39,950	19,500	20,455	41.5	40.9	42.0
Non-migrants	9,500	4,760	4,735	9.9	10.0	9.7
Migrants	30,450	14,740	15,715	31.6	30.9	32.3
Internal migrants	29,570	14,305	15,265	30.7	30.0	31.4
Intraprovincial migrants	29,230	14,120	15,120	30.3	29.6	31.1
Interprovincial migrants	335	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
External migrants	885	430	455	0.9	0.9	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,785	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,555	12,635	9,920	26.6	30.3	23.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,230	29,055	33,175	73.4	69.7	77.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,050	25,705	26,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,375	6,995	4,375	21.9	27.2	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,680	18,710	21,970	78.2	72.8	83.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,780	41,690	43,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,740	10,550	9,195	23.3	25.3	21.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,200	9,455	10,740	23.8	22.7	24.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,840	21,685	23,160	52.9	52.0	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,665	17,100	16,565	39.7	41.0	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,695	10,785	6,910	20.9	25.9	16.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,850	6,855	5,995	15.2	16.4	13.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,850	3,935	910	5.7	9.4	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,300	5,340	7,960	15.7	12.8	18.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,665	975	1,690	3.1	2.3	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,175	4,575	6,595	13.2	11.0	15.3
Bachelor's degree	7,735	3,095	4,645	9.1	7.4	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	970	430	545	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	385	185	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,800	750	1,050	2.1	1.8	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	275	115	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,050	25,700	26,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,395	5,560	3,835	18.0	21.6	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,395	5,220	5,175	20.0	20.3	19.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,260	14,920	17,340	62.0	58.1	65.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,105	11,990	12,115	46.3	46.7	46.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,185	7,790	5,395	25.3	30.3	20.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,700	4,925	4,775	18.6	19.2	18.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,490	2,870	620	6.7	11.2	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,300	3,615	5,685	17.9	14.1	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,615	585	1,030	3.1	2.3	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,155	2,930	5,225	15.7	11.4	19.8
Bachelor's degree	5,620	2,025	3,600	10.8	7.9	13.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	660	240	420	1.3	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	115	190	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,375	485	885	2.6	1.9	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	60	135	0.4	0.2	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,780	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,940	20,010	19,935	47.1	48.0	46.3
Education	4,490	1,060	3,425	5.3	2.5	7.9
13. Education	4,490	1,060	3,425	5.3	2.5	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,400	655	750	1.7	1.6	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	125	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,215	525	690	1.4	1.3	1.6
Humanities	1,915	785	1,130	2.3	1.9	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	55	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,130	490	645	1.3	1.2	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	120	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	255	50	205	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,200	930	2,265	3.8	2.2	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	125	255	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	50	850	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	640	270	365	0.8	0.6	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	505	155	355	0.6	0.4	0.8
45. Social sciences	635	315	320	0.7	0.8	0.7
Business, management and public administration	8,755	2,645	6,105	10.3	6.3	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	135	475	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,145	2,515	5,635	9.6	6.0	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	955	505	455	1.1	1.2	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	105	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	160	130	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	950	705	240	1.1	1.7	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	765	590	175	0.9	1.4	0.4
25. Library science	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	90	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,715	10,000	715	12.6	24.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	270	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	685	620	65	0.8	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,880	1,635	245	2.2	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,070	2,965	100	3.6	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,665	2,605	60	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	2,160	2,035	120	2.5	4.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,440	950	495	1.7	2.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,010	550	455	1.2	1.3	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	395	40	0.5	0.9	0.1
Health and related fields	6,585	1,155	5,430	7.8	2.8	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	155	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,130	920	5,210	7.2	2.2	12.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,425	2,290	2,135	5.2	5.5	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,390	585	1,805	2.8	1.4	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	805	620	180	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,230	1,075	150	1.5	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,050	25,705	26,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,790	10,780	9,010	38.0	41.9	34.2
Education	2,940	595	2,340	5.6	2.3	8.9
13. Education	2,940	595	2,340	5.6	2.3	8.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	480	575	2.0	1.9	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	950	400	550	1.8	1.6	2.1
Humanities	1,235	500	735	2.4	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	45	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	305	415	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185	35	145	0.4	0.1	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,390	510	1,885	4.6	2.0	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	60	210	0.5	0.2	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	40	730	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	445	135	305	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	380	90	290	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	430	170	260	0.8	0.7	1.0
Business, management and public administration	6,270	1,705	4,560	12.0	6.6	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	395	60	340	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,875	1,650	4,225	11.3	6.4	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	525	295	230	1.0	1.1	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	80	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	125	100	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	725	540	190	1.4	2.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	610	470	140	1.2	1.8	0.5
25. Library science	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,710	7,095	610	14.8	27.6	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	220	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	485	435	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,375	1,150	225	2.6	4.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,205	2,130	75	4.2	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,915	1,870	45	3.7	7.3	0.2
48. Precision production	1,510	1,405	105	2.9	5.5	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	690	415	2.1	2.7	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	810	420	390	1.6	1.6	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	270	25	0.6	1.1	0.1
Health and related fields	4,895	800	4,095	9.4	3.1	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	200	90	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,565	650	3,915	8.8	2.5	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,410	1,710	1,705	6.6	6.7	6.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,800	375	1,430	3.5	1.5	5.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	625	480	150	1.2	1.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	985	855	130	1.9	3.3	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,050	25,705	26,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,790	10,780	9,010	38.0	41.9	34.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,260	14,925	17,335	62.0	58.1	65.8
Location of study inside Canada	31,265	14,370	16,900	60.1	55.9	64.1
Same as province or territory of residence	30,940	14,205	16,730	59.4	55.3	63.5
Different than province or territory of residence	330	160	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	990	555	440	1.9	2.2	1.7
Americas	205	95	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	470	265	205	0.9	1.0	0.8
Belgium	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	345	210	135	0.7	0.8	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	225	135	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	120	85	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,785	41,690	43,095	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,350	24,870	23,480	...	...	...
Employed	44,785	23,015	21,770	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,565	1,855	1,705	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,435	16,815	19,615	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.0	59.7	54.5	57.0	59.7	54.5
Employment rate	52.8	55.2	50.5	52.8	55.2	50.5
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,780	41,690	43,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,730	16,315	19,415	42.1	39.1	45.1
Worked	49,055	25,375	23,680	57.9	60.9	54.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,025	13,485	11,545	29.5	32.3	26.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,030	11,900	12,135	28.3	28.5	28.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.3	40.8	41.0	41.3	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,350	24,870	23,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	510	535	2.2	2.1	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,300	24,360	22,945	97.8	97.9	97.7
Employee	41,485	20,835	20,650	85.8	83.8	87.9
Permanent position	35,290	17,920	17,365	73.0	72.1	74.0
Temporary position	6,195	2,910	3,280	12.8	11.7	14.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,825	725	1,100	3.8	2.9	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,370	2,190	2,180	9.0	8.8	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,820	3,525	2,300	12.0	14.2	9.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,350	24,870	23,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	510	535	2.2	2.1	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,300	24,360	22,945	97.8	97.9	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	865	640	225	1.8	2.6	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,445	1,795	4,650	13.3	7.2	19.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,950	1,420	530	4.0	5.7	2.3
3 Health occupations	4,515	765	3,755	9.3	3.1	16.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,540	1,720	4,825	13.5	6.9	20.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,065	510	555	2.2	2.1	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,940	5,060	6,875	24.7	20.3	29.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,235	9,460	780	21.2	38.0	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,110	915	195	2.3	3.7	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,630	2,070	555	5.4	8.3	2.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,350	24,870	23,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	510	535	2.2	2.1	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	47,300	24,360	22,945	97.8	97.9	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,065	740	325	2.2	3.0	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	150	120	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	270	195	75	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	4,640	4,070	565	9.6	16.4	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	5,195	4,035	1,165	10.7	16.2	5.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,330	1,020	310	2.8	4.1	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,350	2,905	3,450	13.1	11.7	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,045	1,615	425	4.2	6.5	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	600	380	215	1.2	1.5	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,155	395	765	2.4	1.6	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	320	230	1.1	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,175	1,060	1,115	4.5	4.3	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,745	1,135	610	3.6	4.6	2.6
61 Educational services	3,940	1,010	2,925	8.1	4.1	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	8,180	1,485	6,695	16.9	6.0	28.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	675	340	335	1.4	1.4	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,370	945	1,430	4.9	3.8	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,590	1,385	1,205	5.4	5.6	5.1
91 Public administration	2,255	1,205	1,055	4.7	4.8	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,115	26,860	25,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	540	340	195	1.0	1.3	0.8
French	45,170	22,830	22,340	86.7	85.0	88.5
Non-official language	235	155	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	140	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-Indigenous	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	5,410	3,140	2,265	10.4	11.7	9.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	585	300	280	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,115	26,860	25,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,385	26,460	24,925	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	50,865	26,135	24,730	97.6	97.3	97.9
English	1,100	690	405	2.1	2.6	1.6
French	49,765	25,445	24,325	95.5	94.7	96.3
Non-official languages	515	330	190	1.0	1.2	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	395	250	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Algonquian languages	395	250	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	395	250	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Atikamekw	395	250	150	0.8	0.9	0.6
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	75	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	395	340	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	615	355	265	1.2	1.3	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,115	26,860	25,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,640	23,690	22,945	89.5	88.2	90.9
English	4,305	2,475	1,830	8.3	9.2	7.2
French	800	505	295	1.5	1.9	1.2
Non-official language	240	120	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,785	23,015	21,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,460	2,420	3,040	12.2	10.5	14.0
Worked outside Canada	75	65	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,980	4,630	1,355	13.4	20.1	6.2
Usual place of work	33,275	15,900	17,370	74.3	69.1	79.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,270	15,900	17,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,315	4,190	5,130	28.0	26.4	29.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,255	4,880	6,375	33.8	30.7	36.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,670	6,810	5,860	38.1	42.8	33.7
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,255	20,530	18,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,025	18,925	17,100	91.8	92.2	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,400	18,225	16,175	87.6	88.8	86.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,620	700	920	4.1	3.4	4.9
Public transit	310	130	180	0.8	0.6	1.0
Walked	2,000	925	1,075	5.1	4.5	5.7
Bicycle	345	255	90	0.9	1.2	0.5
Other method	575	300	275	1.5	1.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,255	20,530	18,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,370	7,020	8,345	39.2	34.2	44.6
15 to 29 minutes	11,300	5,505	5,795	28.8	26.8	30.9
30 to 44 minutes	5,840	3,140	2,700	14.9	15.3	14.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,730	1,815	920	7.0	8.8	4.9
60 minutes and over	4,015	3,050	965	10.2	14.9	5.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,255	20,530	18,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,475	2,745	730	8.9	13.4	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,465	4,395	2,080	16.5	21.4	11.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,440	5,160	6,275	29.1	25.1	33.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,100	2,945	5,160	20.6	14.3	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,265	1,270	1,995	8.3	6.2	10.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,505	4,025	2,485	16.6	19.6	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,875	10,175	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,795	940	855	9.0	9.2	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,080	9,235	8,845	91.0	90.8	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,330	7,375	6,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,335	725	615	9.3	9.8	8.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	935	505	430	6.5	6.8	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	220	180	2.8	3.0	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,995	6,655	6,340	90.7	90.2	91.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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