Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Hull--AylmerMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,560	51,465	54,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,260	8,820	8,440	16.4	17.1	15.6
0 to 4 years	5,200	2,660	2,540	4.9	5.2	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,155	3,090	3,065	5.8	6.0	5.7
10 to 14 years	5,905	3,065	2,840	5.6	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	69,050	34,210	34,840	65.4	66.5	64.4
15 to 19 years	5,325	2,785	2,540	5.0	5.4	4.7
20 to 24 years	6,870	3,400	3,475	6.5	6.6	6.4
25 to 29 years	7,590	3,850	3,735	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	7,345	3,640	3,705	7.0	7.1	6.8
35 to 39 years	7,445	3,655	3,795	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,250	3,570	3,690	6.9	6.9	6.8
45 to 49 years	6,470	3,245	3,230	6.1	6.3	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,330	3,095	3,240	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	7,185	3,510	3,675	6.8	6.8	6.8
60 to 64 years	7,235	3,475	3,760	6.9	6.8	7.0
65 years and over	19,250	8,435	10,810	18.2	16.4	20.0
65 to 69 years	5,925	2,860	3,065	5.6	5.6	5.7
70 to 74 years	4,835	2,240	2,590	4.6	4.4	4.8
75 to 79 years	3,280	1,580	1,700	3.1	3.1	3.1
80 to 84 years	2,325	960	1,365	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	2,885	800	2,085	2.7	1.6	3.9
85 to 89 years	1,555	470	1,090	1.5	0.9	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,020	295	720	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	290	35	250	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.1	15.6	16.4	17.1	15.6
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.5	64.4	65.4	66.5	64.4
65 years and over	18.2	16.4	20.0	18.2	16.4	20.0
85 years and over	2.7	1.6	3.9	2.7	1.6	3.9
Average age of the population	41.4	40.2	42.6	41.4	40.2	42.6
Median age of the population	40.8	39.6	42.0	40.8	39.6	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,925	...	...	28.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,710	...	...	11.8	...	...
Row house	3,190	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,270	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,135	...	...	33.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,025	...	...	12.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,650	...	...	40.6	...	...
2 persons	15,215	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 persons	5,945	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	4,825	...	...	10.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,720	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,960	50,000	51,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,300	42,650	45,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,150	21,620	21,535	48.9	50.7	47.2
Married	28,480	14,235	14,245	32.3	33.4	31.2
Living common-law	14,670	7,380	7,285	16.6	17.3	16.0
Living common law - Never married	11,790	5,880	5,905	13.4	13.8	12.9
Living common law - Separated	235	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,385	1,255	1,130	2.7	2.9	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	45,150	21,030	24,120	51.1	49.3	52.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,680	16,225	14,455	34.7	38.0	31.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,980	895	1,085	2.2	2.1	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,390	2,820	4,570	8.4	6.6	10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,105	1,090	4,010	5.8	2.6	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,210	...	...	53.5	...	...
3 persons	5,470	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	4,595	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,270	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,855	...	...	78.6	...	...
Married couples	13,515	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,095	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	6,425	...	...	24.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,335	...	...	27.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,110	...	...	11.7	...	...
Without children	4,225	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,685	...	...	21.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,330	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,960	50,000	51,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	75,355	37,090	38,260	73.9	74.2	73.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,710	20,905	20,800	40.9	41.8	40.0
Parents in one-parent families	5,685	1,355	4,330	5.6	2.7	8.3
Children⁶	27,960	14,835	13,130	27.4	29.7	25.3
In a two-parent family	19,390	10,145	9,245	19.0	20.3	17.8
In a one-parent family	8,570	4,685	3,885	8.4	9.4	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,605	12,910	13,695	26.1	25.8	26.4
Living alone	19,650	9,155	10,500	19.3	18.3	20.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,665	1,245	1,420	2.6	2.5	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	4,285	2,515	1,775	4.2	5.0	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,660	...	...	51.0	...	...
Couple-family households	19,715	...	...	40.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,630	...	...	19.9	...	...
Without children	10,085	...	...	20.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,940	...	...	10.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	600	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	875	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,470	...	...	5.1	...	...
One-person households	19,650	...	...	40.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,710	41,195	43,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,735	39,590	42,145	96.5	96.1	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	47,200	44,000	45,600	47,200	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,760	39,600	42,160	96.5	96.1	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	40,400	38,800	39,600	40,400	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,800	36,150	37,645	87.1	87.8	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,600	37,200	40,400	43,600	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,250	30,480	29,770	71.1	74.0	68.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	42,800	39,600	41,200	42,800	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,940	29,510	35,435	76.7	71.6	81.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,600	11,400	10,500	9,600	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,775	3,830	3,945	9.2	9.3	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,880	5,640	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,350	11,060	10,285	25.2	26.8	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,875	39,655	42,220	96.6	96.2	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,450	58,050	51,120	54,450	58,050	51,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,900	39,670	42,230	96.6	96.2	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	46,520	42,520	44,440	46,520	42,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,000	36,270	37,735	87.3	88.0	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,880	54,750	45,240	49,880	54,750	45,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,250	30,535	29,715	71.1	74.1	68.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840	53,000	46,600	49,840	53,000	46,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,105	29,450	35,650	76.8	71.4	81.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,760	12,650	11,800	10,760	12,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,085	3,820	4,270	9.5	9.3	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	5,830	8,380	7,180	5,830	8,380
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,580	10,995	10,585	25.5	26.7	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,900	8,800	8,850	8,900	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,225	15,870	14,360	35.7	38.5	33.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	70,000	67,000	68,000	70,000	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,400	77,500	71,000	74,400	77,500	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,920	11,035	11,885	27.0	26.8	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	18,000	16,000	17,000	18,000	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,160	28,880	25,580	27,160	28,880	25,580
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8	86.2	79.0	82.8	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	70.4	64.2	67.4	70.4	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.2	13.8	20.9	17.2	13.8	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.7	5.1	4.9	4.7	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,715	41,195	43,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,975	1,600	1,375	3.5	3.9	3.1
With total income	81,735	39,595	42,145	96.5	96.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,830	2,860	2,970	7.1	7.2	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,825	4,030	4,795	10.8	10.2	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,820	5,465	6,350	14.5	13.8	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,420	4,400	5,020	11.5	11.1	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,825	4,125	4,695	10.8	10.4	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,785	3,645	4,140	9.5	9.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780	3,320	3,455	8.3	8.4	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,480	2,625	2,855	6.7	6.6	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,305	2,120	2,195	5.3	5.3	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,370	1,690	1,680	4.1	4.3	4.0
$100,000 and over	9,300	5,315	3,990	11.4	13.4	9.5
$100,000 to $149,999	7,175	3,950	3,225	8.8	10.0	7.7
$150,000 and over	2,130	1,365	760	2.6	3.4	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,715	41,195	43,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,955	1,595	1,360	3.5	3.9	3.1
With after-tax income	81,755	39,600	42,160	96.5	96.1	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,265	2,975	3,290	7.7	7.5	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,310	4,315	4,990	11.4	10.9	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,980	6,570	7,410	17.1	16.6	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,845	5,625	6,220	14.5	14.2	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,890	5,140	5,750	13.3	13.0	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,225	4,465	4,760	11.3	11.3	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,755	3,255	3,500	8.3	8.2	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,890	2,435	2,460	6.0	6.1	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,205	1,605	1,595	3.9	4.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,165	1,215	950	2.7	3.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,225	2,000	1,230	4.0	5.0	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,965	1,155	810	2.4	2.9	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,260	840	420	1.5	2.1	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,715	41,195	43,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,460	10,715	13,750	28.9	26.0	31.6
With employment income	60,250	30,480	29,770	71.1	74.0	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,435	3,775	3,660	12.3	12.4	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,880	2,310	2,565	8.1	7.6	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,955	3,365	3,590	11.5	11.0	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,395	2,630	2,760	8.9	8.6	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,830	2,445	2,390	8.0	8.0	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,630	2,385	2,250	7.7	7.8	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740	2,285	2,455	7.9	7.5	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,665	2,250	2,415	7.8	7.4	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730	1,835	1,895	6.2	6.0	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,330	1,665	1,660	5.5	5.5	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,575	1,335	1,235	4.3	4.4	4.1
$100,000 and over	7,090	4,200	2,885	11.8	13.8	9.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920	2,220	1,700	6.5	7.3	5.7
$125,000 and over	3,170	1,980	1,190	5.3	6.5	4.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,710	41,195	43,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,820	38,565	41,255	94.2	93.6	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	45,200	40,800	42,800	45,200	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,860	38,575	41,290	94.3	93.6	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	38,800	36,000	37,200	38,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,360	35,420	36,940	85.4	86.0	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,600	36,800	40,000	43,600	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,735	30,090	29,645	70.5	73.0	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	42,400	38,800	40,800	42,400	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,745	26,710	33,025	70.5	64.8	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	3,760	7,950	6,000	3,760	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,920	2,890	3,035	7.0	7.0	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,800	6,320	5,200	4,800	6,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,795	38,515	41,280	94.1	93.4	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,550	55,400	47,960	51,550	55,400	47,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,810	38,520	41,290	94.2	93.4	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	44,480	39,720	42,000	44,480	39,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,380	35,425	36,955	85.4	85.9	84.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,720	54,700	44,960	49,720	54,700	44,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,540	30,125	29,415	70.2	73.1	67.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,640	52,850	46,320	49,640	52,850	46,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,875	26,675	33,205	70.6	64.7	76.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,380	9,550	8,590	7,380	9,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,095	2,920	3,175	7.2	7.1	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,690	6,220	9,040	7,690	6,220	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,070	15,765	14,305	35.5	38.2	32.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	66,500	62,800	64,500	66,500	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,500	72,800	65,800	69,500	72,800	65,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,035	10,125	10,915	24.8	24.6	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	23,800	21,000	22,400	23,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	34,400	30,280	32,280	34,400	30,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	84.0	87.4	90.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	71.8	74.6	68.8	71.8	74.6	68.8
Government transfers (%)	12.5	9.2	16.0	12.5	9.2	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,050	...	...	52,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,920	...	...	42,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,500	...	...	97,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	660	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	430	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	735	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,295	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,445	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,790	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,730	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,935	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,965	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,975	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,990	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,630	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,450	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,590	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,730	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,230	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,615	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,290	...	...	8.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,595	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	705	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	765	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,375	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,700	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,180	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,145	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,575	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,575	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,470	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,730	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,250	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,655	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,145	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,670	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,975	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,835	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,965	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,180	...	...	8.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,940	11,665	12,270	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	41,200	42,000	41,600	41,200	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,000	37,200	36,400	36,000	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,600	...	...	121,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,700	...	...	98,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,700	...	...	125,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,800	...	...	67,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,110	11,775	12,330	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,040	49,760	48,360	49,040	49,760	48,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,720	40,960	40,480	40,720	40,960	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,960	50,000	51,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,335	10,440	9,895	19.9	20.9	19.0
0 to 5 years	6,420	3,270	3,155	6.3	6.5	6.1
18 to 64 years	65,195	32,060	33,135	63.9	64.1	63.8
65 years and over	16,430	7,500	8,930	16.1	15.0	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,955	6,185	6,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,285	1,180	1,100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	435	375	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,035	3,955	4,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,635	1,050	1,585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	12.4	13.0	12.7	12.4	13.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.3	11.1	11.2	11.3	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	13.3	12.0	12.6	13.3	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3	12.3
65 years and over (%)	16.0	14.0	17.8	16.0	14.0	17.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,960	50,000	51,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,335	10,440	9,895	19.9	20.9	19.0
0 to 5 years	6,420	3,270	3,155	6.3	6.5	6.1
18 to 64 years	65,195	32,060	33,135	63.9	64.1	63.8
65 years and over	16,430	7,500	8,930	16.1	15.0	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,330	4,260	4,070	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,195	620	570	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	425	220	200	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,075	3,165	2,910	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,065	475	595	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.2	8.5	7.8	8.2	8.5	7.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	6.0	5.7	5.9	6.0	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.8	6.4	6.6	6.8	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.9	8.8	9.3	9.9	8.8
65 years and over (%)	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,960	50,005	51,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,810	25,450	27,365	51.8	50.9	52.7
In bottom decile	11,860	5,885	5,975	11.6	11.8	11.5
In second decile	9,945	4,665	5,280	9.8	9.3	10.2
In third decile	10,695	5,080	5,615	10.5	10.2	10.8
In fourth decile	10,125	4,855	5,265	9.9	9.7	10.1
In fifth decile	10,195	4,965	5,230	10.0	9.9	10.1
In top half of the distribution	49,145	24,550	24,595	48.2	49.1	47.3
In sixth decile	10,275	5,035	5,240	10.1	10.1	10.1
In seventh decile	10,235	5,075	5,155	10.0	10.1	9.9
In eighth decile	10,725	5,305	5,420	10.5	10.6	10.4
In ninth decile	10,190	5,215	4,980	10.0	10.4	9.6
In top decile	7,725	3,925	3,795	7.6	7.8	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,960	...	...	101,960	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.325	...	...	0.325	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.434	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	102,885	50,405	52,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	13,840	7,340	6,500	13.5	14.6	12.4
French only	19,190	8,455	10,735	18.7	16.8	20.5
English and French	68,895	34,185	34,705	67.0	67.8	66.1
Neither English nor French	965	425	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	102,885	50,405	52,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	26,335	13,385	12,950	25.6	26.6	24.7
French	70,445	33,935	36,510	68.5	67.3	69.6
English and French	5,195	2,690	2,500	5.0	5.3	4.8
Neither English nor French	910	400	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	102,885	50,405	52,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,215	47,135	49,080	93.5	93.5	93.5
Official languages	80,580	39,485	41,095	78.3	78.3	78.3
English	18,310	9,420	8,890	17.8	18.7	16.9
French	62,270	30,065	32,205	60.5	59.6	61.4
Non-official languages	15,635	7,650	7,990	15.2	15.2	15.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,575	7,625	7,950	15.1	15.1	15.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,720	2,040	1,680	3.6	4.0	3.2
Berber languages	185	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	55	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,305	1,830	1,480	3.2	3.6	2.8
Amharic	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,215	1,775	1,445	3.1	3.5	2.8
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	355	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	470	185	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	630	290	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian Creole	510	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,960	3,360	3,600	6.8	6.7	6.9
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,410	665	745	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,395	655	735	1.4	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	430	185	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	510	265	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	925	450	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	495	245	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	405	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,185	2,020	2,170	4.1	4.0	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	1,000	465	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
Romanian	475	235	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	2,505	1,190	1,310	2.4	2.4	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,520	715	805	1.5	1.4	1.5
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	275	110	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lingala	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,305	585	720	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	1,300	585	720	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,060	485	580	1.0	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,670	3,270	3,400	6.5	6.5	6.5
English and French	3,635	1,795	1,835	3.5	3.6	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	885	440	445	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,550	760	785	1.5	1.5	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	430	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	170	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	102,885	50,405	52,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,250	9,385	8,860	17.7	18.6	16.9
French	52,895	25,500	27,390	51.4	50.6	52.2
Non-official language	4,415	2,145	2,275	4.3	4.3	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,405	2,140	2,265	4.3	4.2	4.3
English and French	14,305	7,070	7,230	13.9	14.0	13.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,830	1,905	1,925	3.7	3.8	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	4,295	1,975	2,320	4.2	3.9	4.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,615	2,270	2,345	4.5	4.5	4.5
Multiple non-official languages	280	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	102,885	50,405	52,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,520	46,790	48,735	92.8	92.8	92.9
Official languages	87,005	42,625	44,380	84.6	84.6	84.6
English	24,780	12,615	12,170	24.1	25.0	23.2
French	62,220	30,010	32,205	60.5	59.5	61.4
Non-official languages	8,520	4,165	4,360	8.3	8.3	8.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,505	4,150	4,350	8.3	8.2	8.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,005	1,050	960	1.9	2.1	1.8
Berber languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,860	970	890	1.8	1.9	1.7
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,830	960	875	1.8	1.9	1.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,025	1,960	2,065	3.9	3.9	3.9
Albanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	825	410	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	825	410	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	275	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	180	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	300	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,505	1,205	1,300	2.4	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	555	260	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Romanian	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,610	775	835	1.6	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	540	240	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	965	465	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	960	465	500	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	840	410	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,365	3,620	3,745	7.2	7.2	7.1
English and French	4,060	2,040	2,025	3.9	4.0	3.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,130	545	580	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,490	695	795	1.4	1.4	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	315	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	102,885	50,405	52,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,545	39,980	41,565	79.3	79.3	79.2
English	8,090	3,970	4,120	7.9	7.9	7.9
French	5,770	2,810	2,955	5.6	5.6	5.6
Non-official language	3,925	1,910	2,020	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,890	1,895	1,995	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	960	490	470	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,225	600	625	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	860	395	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	400	195	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,995	50,050	51,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,990	49,595	51,390	99.0	99.1	98.9
English	81,920	41,160	40,755	80.3	82.2	78.5
French	87,285	42,435	44,850	85.6	84.8	86.3
Non-official languages	27,660	13,220	14,440	27.1	26.4	27.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,565	13,195	14,370	27.0	26.4	27.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,355	2,840	2,510	5.3	5.7	4.8
Berber languages	305	175	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	235	135	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	395	155	235	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	355	145	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,870	2,635	2,240	4.8	5.3	4.3
Amharic	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	4,630	2,510	2,115	4.5	5.0	4.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555	240	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	350	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	760	300	460	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	255	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	1,475	675	800	1.4	1.3	1.5
Haitian Creole	1,280	585	695	1.3	1.2	1.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,025	6,575	7,455	13.8	13.1	14.4
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,060	1,025	1,035	2.0	2.0	2.0
Baltic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,035	1,010	1,030	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belarusian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	885	460	425	0.9	0.9	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	740	350	390	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bosnian	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	530	245	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,090	590	505	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	885	475	410	0.9	0.9	0.8
German	870	470	405	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,455	765	690	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	710	375	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	225	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	775	415	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	630	315	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	405	195	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,900	4,445	5,450	9.7	8.9	10.5
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	825	405	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,415	680	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romanian	500	260	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	7,915	3,465	4,450	7.8	6.9	8.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,945	2,015	1,930	3.9	4.0	3.7
Akan (Twi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	570	250	315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lingala	790	400	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Luba-Kasai	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mòoré	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	700	375	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Shona	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	955	515	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
Wojenaka	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	380	215	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Yoruba	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	870	465	405	0.9	0.9	0.8
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,640	745	895	1.6	1.5	1.7
Chinese languages	1,635	745	895	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,450	660	785	1.4	1.3	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	220	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lao	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,990	50,055	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,140	2,000	2,140	4.1	4.0	4.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,955	1,910	2,045	3.9	3.8	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,935	925	1,015	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	1,890	940	955	1.9	1.9	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,850	48,050	49,800	95.9	96.0	95.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,990	50,055	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	885	420	465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,105	49,625	51,480	99.1	99.1	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,935	...	...	51.6	...	...
Renter	23,430	...	...	48.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,775	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not condominium	39,590	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	8,730	...	...	18.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,060	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,990	...	...	31.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,085	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,710	...	...	38.7	...	...
5 rooms	8,425	...	...	17.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,825	...	...	12.0	...	...
7 rooms	4,915	...	...	10.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,475	...	...	21.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,720	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	640	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,360	...	...	95.9	...	...
Not suitable	2,005	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,280	...	...	21.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,570	...	...	30.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,525	...	...	15.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,685	...	...	11.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,985	...	...	6.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,525	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,510	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,290	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,975	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,390	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,710	...	...	59.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,435	...	...	38.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,215	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,220	...	...	4.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,085	...	...	16.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,975	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,055	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,460	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,160	...	...	14.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,435	...	...	7.1	...	...
85 years and over	975	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,250	...	...	81.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,900	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,955	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,215	...	...	27.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,025	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,575	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,545	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	635	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,155	...	...	72.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,190	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not in core need	44,015	...	...	93.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,935	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,308	...	...	1,308	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	390,800	...	...	390,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	951	...	...	951	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,995	50,050	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,560	1,275	1,290	2.5	2.5	2.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,540	1,275	1,270	2.5	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,920	980	935	1.9	2.0	1.8
Métis single ancestry	565	270	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,530	2,620	2,910	5.4	5.2	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,460	2,595	2,865	5.4	5.2	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,295	2,025	2,270	4.2	4.0	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,095	545	555	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,900	46,155	47,745	92.1	92.2	91.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,990	50,055	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	92,495	45,210	47,285	90.7	90.3	91.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,780	9,675	9,100	18.4	19.3	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,715	35,535	38,180	72.3	71.0	73.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,505	4,845	4,660	9.3	9.7	9.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,990	50,055	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,930	38,725	40,205	77.4	77.4	77.4
Immigrants⁸¹	19,800	9,595	10,210	19.4	19.2	19.7
Before 1980	1,795	945	850	1.8	1.9	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,725	880	850	1.7	1.8	1.6
1991 to 2000	3,110	1,390	1,720	3.0	2.8	3.3
2001 to 2010	5,225	2,510	2,715	5.1	5.0	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,950	3,870	4,080	7.8	7.7	7.9
2011 to 2015	3,050	1,430	1,620	3.0	2.9	3.1
2016 to 2021	4,900	2,440	2,465	4.8	4.9	4.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,265	1,730	1,530	3.2	3.5	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,800	9,595	10,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,060	1,025	1,035	10.4	10.7	10.1
5 to 14 years	3,175	1,575	1,605	16.0	16.4	15.7
15 to 24 years	3,245	1,485	1,765	16.4	15.5	17.3
25 to 44 years	10,000	4,860	5,140	50.5	50.7	50.3
45 years and over	1,320	655	665	6.7	6.8	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,800	9,595	10,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,760	1,655	2,100	19.0	17.2	20.6
Brazil	190	100	95	1.0	1.0	0.9
Colombia	610	265	340	3.1	2.8	3.3
El Salvador	290	140	155	1.5	1.5	1.5
Guyana	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	970	415	555	4.9	4.3	5.4
Jamaica	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexico	240	100	140	1.2	1.0	1.4
Peru	145	50	95	0.7	0.5	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	395	190	205	2.0	2.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	780	340	440	3.9	3.5	4.3
Europe	4,210	2,085	2,125	21.3	21.7	20.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	360	155	205	1.8	1.6	2.0
Croatia	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	935	470	460	4.7	4.9	4.5
Germany	135	70	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greece	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Italy	115	75	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Netherlands	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	155	65	85	0.8	0.7	0.8
Portugal	525	250	280	2.7	2.6	2.7
Romania	345	190	160	1.7	2.0	1.6
Russian Federation	170	55	115	0.9	0.6	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	100	45	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	240	130	115	1.2	1.4	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	365	215	155	1.8	2.2	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	580	265	315	2.9	2.8	3.1
Africa	7,050	3,530	3,520	35.6	36.8	34.5
Algeria	640	330	310	3.2	3.4	3.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	815	395	420	4.1	4.1	4.1
Egypt	230	130	105	1.2	1.4	1.0
Eritrea	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ethiopia	105	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Morocco	825	405	425	4.2	4.2	4.2
Nigeria	85	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	105	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	4,180	2,085	2,090	21.1	21.7	20.5
Asia	4,735	2,295	2,435	23.9	23.9	23.8
Afghanistan	100	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	345	175	170	1.7	1.8	1.7
Iraq	115	50	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanon	510	310	200	2.6	3.2	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	280	160	125	1.4	1.7	1.2
Turkey	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
China⁹⁰	855	370	480	4.3	3.9	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	120	40	80	0.6	0.4	0.8
Taiwan	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	635	245	385	3.2	2.6	3.8
Viet Nam	245	95	145	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bangladesh	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
India	345	180	165	1.7	1.9	1.6
Pakistan	135	95	45	0.7	1.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	825	410	415	4.2	4.3	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,900	2,440	2,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	525	255	265	10.7	10.5	10.8
Brazil	60	30	30	1.2	1.2	1.2
Colombia	115	65	50	2.3	2.7	2.0
Haiti	145	70	80	3.0	2.9	3.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
United States of America	40	30	15	0.8	1.2	0.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	140	55	85	2.9	2.3	3.4
Europe	475	255	215	9.7	10.5	8.7
France	165	80	80	3.4	3.3	3.2
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
Ukraine	75	45	30	1.5	1.8	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	155	80	75	3.2	3.3	3.0
Africa	2,260	1,070	1,185	46.1	43.9	48.1
Algeria	85	40	45	1.7	1.6	1.8
Burundi	225	125	95	4.6	5.1	3.9
Cameroon	330	150	180	6.7	6.1	7.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	305	135	170	6.2	5.5	6.9
Côte d'Ivoire	285	165	120	5.8	6.8	4.9
Egypt	70	40	30	1.4	1.6	1.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4
Morocco	130	65	60	2.7	2.7	2.4
Nigeria	45	25	20	0.9	1.0	0.8
Somalia	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	75	20	60	1.5	0.8	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	655	275	385	13.4	11.3	15.6
Asia	1,625	840	785	33.2	34.4	31.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	110	120	4.7	4.5	4.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
India	215	105	105	4.4	4.3	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iraq	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	30	25	10	0.6	1.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lebanon	70	45	25	1.4	1.8	1.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	40	15	1.1	1.6	0.6
Philippines	475	225	260	9.7	9.2	10.5
Saudi Arabia	25	15	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	210	120	90	4.3	4.9	3.7
Turkey	60	30	25	1.2	1.2	1.0
United Arab Emirates	40	15	20	0.8	0.6	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	40	55	2.0	1.6	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,990	50,050	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,140	11,840	12,300	23.7	23.7	23.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,320	6,650	6,675	13.1	13.3	12.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	64,535	31,560	32,975	63.3	63.1	63.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,005	8,650	9,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,655	4,345	4,310	48.1	50.2	46.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,225	2,385	1,835	23.5	27.6	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,430	1,960	2,470	24.6	22.7	26.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,525	1,910	2,620	25.1	22.1	28.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,660	2,315	2,345	25.9	26.8	25.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165	80	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,005	8,650	9,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,590	790	800	8.8	9.1	8.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,195	540	655	6.6	6.2	7.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	490	275	220	2.7	3.2	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	950	495	455	5.3	5.7	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,680	6,495	7,185	76.0	75.1	76.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,995	50,050	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,700	11,975	12,725	24.2	23.9	24.5
South Asian	1,125	585	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
Chinese	1,885	750	1,135	1.8	1.5	2.2
Black	11,995	5,875	6,125	11.8	11.7	11.8
Filipino	765	320	450	0.8	0.6	0.9
Arab	3,780	2,075	1,710	3.7	4.1	3.3
Latin American	2,405	1,075	1,330	2.4	2.1	2.6
Southeast Asian	985	445	540	1.0	0.9	1.0
West Asian	610	295	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	620	330	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	77,295	38,075	39,220	75.8	76.1	75.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,995	50,050	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,540	9,870	10,670	20.1	19.7	20.5
English	5,560	2,965	2,595	5.5	5.9	5.0
Irish	10,580	5,175	5,405	10.4	10.3	10.4
Scottish	6,055	3,095	2,960	5.9	6.2	5.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,520	12,600	12,920	25.0	25.2	24.9
German	3,395	1,690	1,705	3.3	3.4	3.3
Chinese	2,075	835	1,245	2.0	1.7	2.4
Italian	2,315	1,135	1,175	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indian (India)	780	370	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ukrainian	995	535	465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Dutch	795	370	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Polish	1,275	675	600	1.3	1.3	1.2
Québécois	6,840	3,525	3,310	6.7	7.0	6.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,260	660	600	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	755	325	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
French Canadian	6,845	3,295	3,550	6.7	6.6	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,440	1,175	1,265	2.4	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,630	1,295	1,335	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis	1,735	830	905	1.7	1.7	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,150	1,055	1,095	2.1	2.1	2.1
Russian	720	345	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	415	250	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Welsh	540	295	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	1,280	620	660	1.3	1.2	1.3
American	550	305	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Spanish	1,145	550	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swedish	295	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	1,410	695	715	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pakistani	170	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,165	1,115	1,050	2.1	2.2	2.0
Jewish	420	275	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	545	210	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,485	770	715	1.5	1.5	1.4
Greek	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	260	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	180	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	595	310	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	1,240	680	560	1.2	1.4	1.1
Iranian	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	455	230	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Danish	255	140	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	770	370	400	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	235	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgian	650	280	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	1,570	665	910	1.5	1.3	1.8
Hindu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	550	235	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mennonite	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	355	180	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	160	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	435	240	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	485	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	695	330	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Moroccan	1,005	510	495	1.0	1.0	1.0
Czech	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syrian	460	240	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Guyanese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	375	215	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbian	425	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	400	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	430	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazilian	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	365	160	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	100	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	315	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	160	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	1,490	725	770	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	155	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	1,385	660	730	1.4	1.3	1.4
Nova Scotian	35	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	155	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	80	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber	425	230	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	270	155	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	605	300	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guatemalan	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	470	250	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Argentinian	95	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	265	155	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Saskatchewanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	565	255	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	650	355	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Tigrinya	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	535	245	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	335	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	275	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	235	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,995	50,050	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	655	245	415	0.6	0.5	0.8
Christian	59,180	27,600	31,580	58.0	55.1	60.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,210	3,380	3,830	7.1	6.8	7.4
Anabaptist	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,125	535	590	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baptist	455	220	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catholic	44,635	20,740	23,895	43.8	41.4	46.0
Christian Orthodox	1,460	770	690	1.4	1.5	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	510	240	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	780	365	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	250	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	700	315	390	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,720	745	975	1.7	1.5	1.9
Hindu	355	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	330	195	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Muslim	6,800	3,520	3,280	6.7	7.0	6.3
Sikh	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	645	275	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	33,825	17,955	15,865	33.2	35.9	30.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,965	49,495	51,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,730	42,470	44,265	85.9	85.8	86.0
Movers	14,235	7,025	7,205	14.1	14.2	14.0
Non-migrants	8,430	4,120	4,315	8.3	8.3	8.4
Migrants	5,805	2,910	2,895	5.7	5.9	5.6
Internal migrants	4,910	2,415	2,495	4.9	4.9	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,890	920	965	1.9	1.9	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,020	1,495	1,525	3.0	3.0	3.0
External migrants	895	495	400	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,785	47,260	49,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,035	26,180	27,850	55.8	55.4	56.2
Movers	42,750	21,080	21,670	44.2	44.6	43.8
Non-migrants	20,805	10,230	10,575	21.5	21.6	21.4
Migrants	21,945	10,845	11,095	22.7	22.9	22.4
Internal migrants	15,390	7,550	7,835	15.9	16.0	15.8
Intraprovincial migrants	8,085	3,915	4,170	8.4	8.3	8.4
Interprovincial migrants	7,300	3,635	3,665	7.5	7.7	7.4
External migrants	6,555	3,295	3,260	6.8	7.0	6.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,475	7,770	6,705	17.1	18.8	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,280	33,455	36,825	82.9	81.2	84.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,125	27,565	28,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,585	3,735	2,855	11.7	13.5	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,540	23,830	25,710	88.3	86.5	90.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,040	6,890	6,150	15.4	16.7	14.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,730	8,615	9,115	20.9	20.9	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,980	25,725	28,260	63.7	62.4	64.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,955	11,645	12,310	28.3	28.2	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,770	3,845	2,930	8.0	9.3	6.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,720	2,350	2,370	5.6	5.7	5.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,055	1,495	560	2.4	3.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,495	6,655	7,840	17.1	16.1	18.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,690	1,145	1,545	3.2	2.8	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,025	14,075	15,950	35.4	34.1	36.6
Bachelor's degree	17,210	7,675	9,540	20.3	18.6	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,175	990	1,190	2.6	2.4	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	215	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	8,800	4,355	4,445	10.4	10.6	10.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,380	840	540	1.6	2.0	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,120	27,565	28,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,615	3,140	2,475	10.0	11.4	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,290	4,790	4,500	16.6	17.4	15.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,220	19,635	21,585	73.4	71.2	75.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,830	8,505	8,330	30.0	30.9	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,040	2,900	2,145	9.0	10.5	7.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,525	1,815	1,715	6.3	6.6	6.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,515	1,085	430	2.7	3.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,980	4,785	5,200	17.8	17.4	18.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,810	820	990	3.2	3.0	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,390	11,135	13,255	43.5	40.4	46.4
Bachelor's degree	13,675	5,995	7,685	24.4	21.7	26.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,785	805	985	3.2	2.9	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	160	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	7,420	3,535	3,890	13.2	12.8	13.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,105	645	460	2.0	2.3	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,770	15,505	15,270	36.3	37.6	35.1
Education	3,675	920	2,755	4.3	2.2	6.3
13. Education	3,675	920	2,755	4.3	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,045	925	1,120	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	215	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,775	710	1,070	2.1	1.7	2.5
Humanities	4,125	1,715	2,415	4.9	4.2	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	985	330	655	1.2	0.8	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	280	120	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,340	505	835	1.6	1.2	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255	180	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	460	310	150	0.5	0.8	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	600	150	455	0.7	0.4	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,865	4,050	5,815	11.6	9.8	13.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,175	410	760	1.4	1.0	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	865	95	770	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,625	760	870	1.9	1.8	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	340	120	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	1,220	330	885	1.4	0.8	2.0
45. Social sciences	4,510	2,295	2,215	5.3	5.6	5.1
Business, management and public administration	12,565	5,150	7,415	14.8	12.5	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,430	515	920	1.7	1.2	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,125	4,630	6,490	13.1	11.2	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,285	1,155	2.9	3.1	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,020	445	580	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	375	215	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	340	140	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	645	445	200	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,060	2,130	930	3.6	5.2	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,395	1,765	635	2.8	4.3	1.5
25. Library science	245	70	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	345	255	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,095	6,240	860	8.4	15.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	510	320	190	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	2,175	1,740	440	2.6	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,545	1,380	165	1.8	3.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,390	1,360	25	1.6	3.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	990	975	15	1.2	2.4	0.0
48. Precision production	460	445	15	0.5	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	430	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	165	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	270	180	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	5,665	1,395	4,270	6.7	3.4	9.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	250	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,040	1,050	3,990	5.9	2.5	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,575	1,480	1,095	3.0	3.6	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,475	580	900	1.7	1.4	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	680	530	145	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	295	40	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,125	27,565	28,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,905	7,925	6,970	26.6	28.8	24.4
Education	2,480	570	1,915	4.4	2.1	6.7
13. Education	2,480	570	1,915	4.4	2.1	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,590	745	845	2.8	2.7	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	150	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,410	595	820	2.5	2.2	2.9
Humanities	2,630	1,045	1,580	4.7	3.8	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	690	220	470	1.2	0.8	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	205	75	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	285	480	1.4	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	140	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	325	220	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	350	65	290	0.6	0.2	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,875	3,195	4,680	14.0	11.6	16.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	350	600	1.7	1.3	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	70	595	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,320	575	750	2.4	2.1	2.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	285	100	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
42. Psychology	910	220	690	1.6	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	3,630	1,840	1,795	6.5	6.7	6.3
Business, management and public administration	9,885	3,995	5,895	17.6	14.5	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,160	375	780	2.1	1.4	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,715	3,610	5,105	15.5	13.1	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,630	885	745	2.9	3.2	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	840	375	455	1.5	1.4	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	135	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	465	300	160	0.8	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,485	1,740	745	4.4	6.3	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,015	1,500	515	3.6	5.4	1.8
25. Library science	160	45	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	165	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,565	4,810	755	9.9	17.4	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	400	260	140	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	1,850	1,435	415	3.3	5.2	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,160	1,015	140	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,105	1,085	20	2.0	3.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	695	680	15	1.2	2.5	0.1
48. Precision production	335	320	15	0.6	1.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	690	345	345	1.2	1.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	110	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	395	235	165	0.7	0.9	0.6
Health and related fields	4,385	1,145	3,240	7.8	4.2	11.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	180	170	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,890	895	2,995	6.9	3.2	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,990	1,160	825	3.5	4.2	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095	420	675	2.0	1.5	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	405	115	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	280	35	0.6	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,125	27,565	28,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,905	7,925	6,970	26.6	28.8	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	41,220	19,635	21,585	73.4	71.2	75.6
Location of study inside Canada	34,655	16,575	18,075	61.7	60.1	63.3
Same as province or territory of residence	19,895	9,320	10,580	35.4	33.8	37.0
Different than province or territory of residence	14,755	7,260	7,500	26.3	26.3	26.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,565	3,060	3,505	11.7	11.1	12.3
Americas	1,365	590	775	2.4	2.1	2.7
United States of America	480	240	240	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	150	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	210	90	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Europe	1,895	915	985	3.4	3.3	3.4
Belgium	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	755	370	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
Germany	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	220	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	190	50	140	0.3	0.2	0.5
Africa	1,730	835	895	3.1	3.0	3.1
Nigeria	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	235	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Morocco	255	105	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tunisia	70	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	995	485	505	1.8	1.8	1.8
Asia	1,505	685	820	2.7	2.5	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	115	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	330	125	205	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	395	155	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	185	125	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,755	41,230	43,530	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,600	28,435	27,165	...	...	...
Employed	49,895	25,595	24,300	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,705	2,840	2,865	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,155	12,790	16,365	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.6	69.0	62.4	65.6	69.0	62.4
Employment rate	58.9	62.1	55.8	58.9	62.1	55.8
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.0	10.5	10.3	10.0	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,755	41,225	43,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,320	12,980	16,340	34.6	31.5	37.5
Worked	55,435	28,245	27,190	65.4	68.5	62.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,945	16,280	14,665	36.5	39.5	33.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,490	11,965	12,525	28.9	29.0	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.0	41.3	41.6	42.0	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,600	28,435	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,415	665	745	2.5	2.3	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,185	27,765	26,420	97.5	97.6	97.3
Employee	48,655	24,395	24,265	87.5	85.8	89.3
Permanent position	39,005	19,790	19,215	70.2	69.6	70.7
Temporary position	9,655	4,600	5,050	17.4	16.2	18.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,590	1,645	1,940	6.5	5.8	7.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,065	2,955	3,110	10.9	10.4	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,525	3,370	2,155	9.9	11.9	7.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,600	28,435	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,415	665	745	2.5	2.3	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,185	27,765	26,420	97.5	97.6	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	825	525	300	1.5	1.8	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,730	4,070	7,655	21.1	14.3	28.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,290	3,955	1,335	9.5	13.9	4.9
3 Health occupations	3,750	980	2,765	6.7	3.4	10.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,790	4,225	6,570	19.4	14.9	24.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,195	925	1,270	3.9	3.3	4.7
6 Sales and service occupations	12,605	6,700	5,905	22.7	23.6	21.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,840	5,410	420	10.5	19.0	1.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	570	500	65	1.0	1.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	590	460	125	1.1	1.6	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,600	28,435	27,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,415	665	745	2.5	2.3	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	54,185	27,765	26,420	97.5	97.6	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	135	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	90	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	140	110	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
23 Construction	3,095	2,755	340	5.6	9.7	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,195	875	320	2.1	3.1	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	620	460	170	1.1	1.6	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	5,040	2,710	2,330	9.1	9.5	8.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,660	1,375	285	3.0	4.8	1.0
51 Information and cultural industries	845	500	345	1.5	1.8	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,300	660	630	2.3	2.3	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	735	470	265	1.3	1.7	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,555	2,000	1,550	6.4	7.0	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,740	1,845	895	4.9	6.5	3.3
61 Educational services	5,105	1,815	3,290	9.2	6.4	12.1
62 Health care and social assistance	6,530	1,760	4,770	11.7	6.2	17.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,210	630	585	2.2	2.2	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,225	1,625	1,600	5.8	5.7	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090	940	1,145	3.8	3.3	4.2
91 Public administration	14,790	6,990	7,805	26.6	24.6	28.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,325	30,230	29,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,040	8,470	6,570	25.4	28.0	22.6
French	17,255	8,360	8,895	29.1	27.7	30.6
Non-official language	175	105	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	105	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	25,725	12,735	12,990	43.4	42.1	44.6
English and non-official language(s)	330	185	150	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	670	330	345	1.1	1.1	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,325	30,230	29,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,005	27,585	26,420	91.0	91.3	90.8
Official languages	53,670	27,405	26,265	90.5	90.7	90.3
English	25,930	14,150	11,780	43.7	46.8	40.5
French	27,740	13,255	14,480	46.8	43.8	49.8
Non-official languages	335	175	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	335	175	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	165	75	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,320	2,640	2,680	9.0	8.7	9.2
English and French	5,160	2,545	2,615	8.7	8.4	9.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,325	30,230	29,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,610	19,475	18,140	63.4	64.4	62.3
English	10,305	4,835	5,475	17.4	16.0	18.8
French	10,530	5,495	5,035	17.7	18.2	17.3
Non-official language	385	190	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	380	180	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	180	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	245	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,900	25,595	24,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,285	8,375	9,915	36.6	32.7	40.8
Worked outside Canada	110	90	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,995	3,870	1,125	10.0	15.1	4.6
Usual place of work	26,505	13,265	13,240	53.1	51.8	54.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,505	13,265	13,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,585	7,695	8,885	62.6	58.0	67.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	900	480	415	3.4	3.6	3.1
Commute to a different province or territory	9,025	5,090	3,935	34.1	38.4	29.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,495	17,135	14,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,380	13,315	10,065	74.2	77.7	70.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,365	12,370	8,995	67.8	72.2	62.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,020	945	1,075	6.4	5.5	7.5
Public transit	4,585	2,110	2,475	14.6	12.3	17.2
Walked	2,055	900	1,160	6.5	5.3	8.1
Bicycle	690	475	215	2.2	2.8	1.5
Other method	785	340	440	2.5	2.0	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,495	17,135	14,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,815	4,325	4,495	28.0	25.2	31.3
15 to 29 minutes	12,135	6,615	5,520	38.5	38.6	38.4
30 to 44 minutes	6,945	4,115	2,830	22.1	24.0	19.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,965	1,140	830	6.2	6.7	5.8
60 minutes and over	1,630	935	695	5.2	5.5	4.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,495	17,135	14,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,750	1,355	395	5.6	7.9	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,845	3,830	2,015	18.6	22.4	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,135	4,400	4,730	29.0	25.7	32.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,590	3,085	3,505	20.9	18.0	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,630	1,890	1,735	11.5	11.0	12.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,555	2,570	1,980	14.5	15.0	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,710	10,625	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,755	3,450	3,305	32.6	32.5	32.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,955	7,175	6,780	67.4	67.5	67.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,075	7,745	7,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,025	2,565	2,455	33.3	33.1	33.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,625	1,860	1,765	24.0	24.0	24.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,400	710	690	9.3	9.2	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,055	5,175	4,880	66.7	66.8	66.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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