Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Hull--AylmerMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	110,881	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	105,419	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	54,238	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	50,529	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,775.5	...	...	1,775.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	62.45	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,880	54,045	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,265	9,335	8,925	16.5	17.3	15.7
0 to 4 years	5,455	2,795	2,665	4.9	5.2	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,530	3,290	3,240	5.9	6.1	5.7
10 to 14 years	6,275	3,255	3,020	5.7	6.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	72,845	36,030	36,815	65.7	66.7	64.8
15 to 19 years	5,675	2,960	2,720	5.1	5.5	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,305	3,615	3,690	6.6	6.7	6.5
25 to 29 years	7,955	4,040	3,920	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	7,650	3,795	3,855	6.9	7.0	6.8
35 to 39 years	7,785	3,805	3,980	7.0	7.0	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,645	3,745	3,895	6.9	6.9	6.9
45 to 49 years	6,920	3,450	3,470	6.2	6.4	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,765	3,290	3,475	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	7,610	3,720	3,890	6.9	6.9	6.8
60 to 64 years	7,535	3,610	3,925	6.8	6.7	6.9
65 years and over	19,770	8,675	11,100	17.8	16.1	19.5
65 to 69 years	6,125	2,960	3,165	5.5	5.5	5.6
70 to 74 years	4,980	2,305	2,675	4.5	4.3	4.7
75 to 79 years	3,370	1,620	1,755	3.0	3.0	3.1
80 to 84 years	2,375	980	1,395	2.1	1.8	2.5
85 years and over	2,915	810	2,100	2.6	1.5	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,575	470	1,100	1.4	0.9	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,030	300	725	0.9	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	290	35	255	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.3	15.7	16.5	17.3	15.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.7	64.8	65.7	66.7	64.8
65 years and over	17.8	16.1	19.5	17.8	16.1	19.5
85 years and over	2.6	1.5	3.7	2.6	1.5	3.7
Average age of the population	41.2	40.0	42.4	41.2	40.0	42.4
Median age of the population	40.4	39.2	41.6	40.4	39.2	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,575	...	...	28.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,270	...	...	12.4	...	...
Row house	3,190	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,275	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,780	...	...	33.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,360	...	...	12.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	20,295	...	...	40.2	...	...
2 persons	15,885	...	...	31.4	...	...
3 persons	6,285	...	...	12.4	...	...
4 persons	5,195	...	...	10.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,870	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,275	52,575	54,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,615	44,705	47,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,580	22,830	22,750	49.2	51.1	47.5
Married	30,040	15,015	15,030	32.4	33.6	31.4
Living common-law	15,535	7,820	7,720	16.8	17.5	16.1
Living common law - Never married	12,475	6,225	6,250	13.5	13.9	13.0
Living common law - Separated	250	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,535	1,330	1,205	2.7	3.0	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	275	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	47,040	21,870	25,165	50.8	48.9	52.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,095	16,925	15,170	34.7	37.9	31.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,055	925	1,125	2.2	2.1	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,665	2,905	4,760	8.3	6.5	9.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,220	1,115	4,105	5.6	2.5	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,845	...	...	53.0	...	...
3 persons	5,800	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,960	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,405	...	...	8.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,055	...	...	78.7	...	...
Married couples	14,290	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,585	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	6,705	...	...	23.9	...	...
Common-law couples	7,765	...	...	27.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,330	...	...	11.9	...	...
Without children	4,435	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,960	...	...	21.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,535	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,425	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,275	52,575	54,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,810	39,300	40,510	74.4	74.8	74.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,105	22,105	22,005	41.1	42.0	40.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,960	1,425	4,535	5.6	2.7	8.3
Children⁶	29,745	15,775	13,975	27.7	30.0	25.5
In a two-parent family	20,750	10,850	9,900	19.3	20.6	18.1
In a one-parent family	9,000	4,925	4,070	8.4	9.4	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,470	13,270	14,195	25.6	25.2	25.9
Living alone	20,295	9,405	10,895	18.9	17.9	19.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,770	1,285	1,480	2.6	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	4,400	2,580	1,820	4.1	4.9	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,060	...	...	51.6	...	...
Couple-family households	20,865	...	...	41.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,315	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	10,550	...	...	20.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,190	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	620	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	915	...	...	1.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,540	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	20,295	...	...	40.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,025	43,245	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,905	41,580	44,325	96.5	96.1	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	47,600	44,400	46,000	47,600	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,930	41,590	44,340	96.5	96.2	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,800	38,800	40,000	40,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,760	38,060	39,690	87.3	88.0	86.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,000	37,600	40,800	44,000	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,685	32,170	31,515	71.5	74.4	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	43,200	40,000	41,600	43,200	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,930	30,805	37,130	76.3	71.2	81.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,500	11,200	10,300	9,500	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,090	3,980	4,110	9.1	9.2	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,880	5,640	5,480	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,390	11,590	10,795	25.2	26.8	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,070	43,330	45,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,050	41,705	44,350	96.6	96.2	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	59,050	51,600	55,200	59,050	51,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,080	41,715	44,365	96.6	96.3	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	47,000	42,840	44,880	47,000	42,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,960	38,235	39,720	87.5	88.2	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720	55,750	45,840	50,720	55,750	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,715	32,295	31,420	71.5	74.5	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,560	53,800	47,200	50,560	53,800	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,150	30,860	37,290	76.5	71.2	81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,670	12,540	11,700	10,670	12,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,425	3,980	4,440	9.5	9.2	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,190	5,805	8,420	7,190	5,805	8,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,605	11,540	11,070	25.4	26.6	24.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,820	8,870	8,760	8,820	8,870	8,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,070	43,330	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,130	16,790	15,340	36.1	38.7	33.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	71,000	67,500	69,000	71,000	67,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,100	78,400	71,600	75,100	78,400	71,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,095	11,660	12,435	27.1	26.9	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	17,800	16,200	17,000	17,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,120	28,560	25,760	27,120	28,560	25,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	86.6	79.6	83.2	86.6	79.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	70.6	64.8	67.8	70.6	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	13.4	20.4	16.8	13.4	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.6	1.3	0.9	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.6	5.1	4.8	4.6	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,025	43,245	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,120	1,665	1,455	3.5	3.9	3.2
With total income	85,905	41,580	44,320	96.5	96.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,130	3,015	3,115	7.1	7.3	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,200	4,200	5,000	10.7	10.1	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,260	5,670	6,590	14.3	13.6	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,775	4,550	5,220	11.4	10.9	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,245	4,320	4,920	10.8	10.4	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,145	3,815	4,335	9.5	9.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,125	3,465	3,655	8.3	8.3	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,790	2,770	3,020	6.7	6.7	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,580	2,225	2,355	5.3	5.4	5.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,580	1,780	1,800	4.2	4.3	4.1
$100,000 and over	10,080	5,760	4,320	11.7	13.9	9.7
$100,000 to $149,999	7,745	4,270	3,475	9.0	10.3	7.8
$150,000 and over	2,335	1,495	845	2.7	3.6	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,025	43,245	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,095	1,655	1,440	3.5	3.8	3.1
With after-tax income	85,925	41,595	44,335	96.5	96.2	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,575	3,135	3,445	7.7	7.5	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	9,720	4,500	5,225	11.3	10.8	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,495	6,810	7,685	16.9	16.4	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	12,335	5,855	6,485	14.4	14.1	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	11,420	5,390	6,030	13.3	13.0	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,715	4,685	5,030	11.3	11.3	11.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,115	3,410	3,700	8.3	8.2	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	5,230	2,600	2,630	6.1	6.3	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,450	1,730	1,725	4.0	4.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,330	1,305	1,025	2.7	3.1	2.3
$100,000 and over	3,535	2,175	1,360	4.1	5.2	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,160	1,250	905	2.5	3.0	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,380	925	455	1.6	2.2	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,025	43,245	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,340	11,075	14,265	28.5	25.6	31.2
With employment income	63,680	32,170	31,510	71.5	74.4	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,805	3,960	3,845	12.3	12.3	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,150	2,455	2,700	8.1	7.6	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,285	3,530	3,760	11.4	11.0	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,650	2,740	2,910	8.9	8.5	9.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,060	2,545	2,510	7.9	7.9	8.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,860	2,510	2,345	7.6	7.8	7.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,990	2,410	2,585	7.8	7.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,905	2,345	2,555	7.7	7.3	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	1,950	2,015	6.2	6.1	6.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565	1,765	1,800	5.6	5.5	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	1,405	1,345	4.3	4.4	4.3
$100,000 and over	7,700	4,560	3,140	12.1	14.2	10.0
$100,000 to $124,999	4,240	2,410	1,830	6.7	7.5	5.8
$125,000 and over	3,460	2,150	1,310	5.4	6.7	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,025	43,245	45,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,900	40,495	43,395	94.2	93.6	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	45,200	41,200	43,200	45,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,940	40,510	43,435	94.3	93.7	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	39,200	36,400	37,600	39,200	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,245	37,295	38,950	85.6	86.2	85.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,000	37,200	40,400	44,000	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,115	31,750	31,365	70.9	73.4	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	42,800	39,200	41,200	42,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,490	27,860	34,630	70.2	64.4	75.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	3,680	7,800	5,800	3,680	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,180	3,000	3,175	6.9	6.9	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,840	6,360	5,240	4,840	6,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,070	43,330	45,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,900	40,510	43,390	94.2	93.5	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,550	57,050	48,400	52,550	57,050	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,920	40,515	43,400	94.2	93.5	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,560	45,280	40,040	42,560	45,280	40,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,305	37,370	38,940	85.7	86.2	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	56,400	45,480	50,800	56,400	45,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,985	31,855	31,135	70.7	73.5	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	54,350	46,760	50,600	54,350	46,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,640	27,880	34,765	70.3	64.3	76.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,310	9,460	8,500	7,310	9,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,385	3,045	3,335	7.2	7.0	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,710	6,250	9,050	7,710	6,250	9,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,070	43,330	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,975	16,690	15,285	35.9	38.5	33.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	67,000	63,200	65,000	67,000	63,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	73,400	66,300	70,000	73,400	66,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,150	10,720	11,430	24.9	24.7	25.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	23,400	21,000	22,200	23,400	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,120	33,920	30,400	32,120	33,920	30,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.2	84.4	88.0	91.2	84.4
Employment income (%)	72.2	75.0	69.4	72.2	75.0	69.4
Government transfers (%)	12.1	8.8	15.7	12.1	8.8	15.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	20,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...	76,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,500	...	...	52,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,900	...	...	121,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	675	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	755	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,305	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,485	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,830	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,765	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,970	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,025	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,045	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,135	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,790	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,845	...	...	35.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,495	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,820	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,590	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,940	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	720	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	785	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,390	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,740	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,220	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,195	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,640	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,670	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,580	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,935	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,425	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,835	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,795	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,860	...	...	25.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,105	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,180	...	...	6.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,570	...	...	9.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,700	11,985	12,715	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	41,600	42,400	42,000	41,600	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	36,400	37,600	36,800	36,400	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,200	...	...	158,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,885	12,135	12,750	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,400	50,120	48,760	49,400	50,120	48,760
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,960	41,200	40,760	40,960	41,200	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,280	52,570	54,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,530	11,055	10,475	20.1	21.0	19.1
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,435	3,305	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	68,795	33,785	35,010	64.1	64.3	64.0
65 years and over	16,950	7,735	9,215	15.8	14.7	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,225	6,305	6,925	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,345	1,215	1,130	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	830	445	385	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,200	4,025	4,180	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,680	1,065	1,615	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.3	12.0	12.7	12.3	12.0	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.8	10.9	11.0	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	13.0	11.7	12.3	13.0	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
65 years and over (%)	15.8	13.8	17.5	15.8	13.8	17.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,275	52,575	54,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,535	11,050	10,480	20.1	21.0	19.2
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,430	3,300	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	68,795	33,785	35,005	64.1	64.3	64.0
65 years and over	16,955	7,735	9,215	15.8	14.7	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,515	4,340	4,175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,240	650	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	435	230	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,195	3,215	2,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,090	475	610	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	8.3	7.6	7.9	8.3	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.7	5.8	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.7	6.3	6.5	6.7	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	9.5	8.5	9.0	9.5	8.5
65 years and over (%)	6.4	6.2	6.6	6.4	6.2	6.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,280	52,570	54,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,730	26,350	28,385	51.0	50.1	51.9
In bottom decile	12,105	5,990	6,115	11.3	11.4	11.2
In second decile	10,240	4,810	5,435	9.5	9.1	9.9
In third decile	11,145	5,300	5,845	10.4	10.1	10.7
In fourth decile	10,575	5,065	5,505	9.9	9.6	10.1
In fifth decile	10,665	5,180	5,480	9.9	9.9	10.0
In top half of the distribution	52,545	26,225	26,320	49.0	49.9	48.1
In sixth decile	10,840	5,300	5,540	10.1	10.1	10.1
In seventh decile	10,805	5,355	5,445	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	11,420	5,630	5,785	10.6	10.7	10.6
In ninth decile	10,975	5,610	5,365	10.2	10.7	9.8
In top decile	8,515	4,330	4,185	7.9	8.2	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,275	...	...	107,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,205	52,985	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	14,305	7,590	6,720	13.2	14.3	12.2
French only	20,215	8,900	11,310	18.7	16.8	20.5
English and French	72,675	36,050	36,625	67.2	68.0	66.3
Neither English nor French	1,010	440	570	0.9	0.8	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,205	52,985	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	27,280	13,875	13,405	25.2	26.2	24.3
French	74,460	35,855	38,610	68.8	67.7	69.9
English and French	5,510	2,845	2,665	5.1	5.4	4.8
Neither English nor French	955	410	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,205	52,985	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,230	49,555	51,675	93.6	93.5	93.6
Official languages	84,745	41,515	43,235	78.3	78.4	78.3
English	18,900	9,725	9,170	17.5	18.4	16.6
French	65,850	31,785	34,065	60.9	60.0	61.7
Non-official languages	16,480	8,040	8,440	15.2	15.2	15.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,410	8,010	8,400	15.2	15.1	15.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,945	2,160	1,790	3.6	4.1	3.2
Berber languages	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	180	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,510	1,930	1,580	3.2	3.6	2.9
Amharic	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	3,420	1,880	1,545	3.2	3.5	2.8
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	490	190	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	110	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	655	300	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian Creole	520	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,355	3,540	3,820	6.8	6.7	6.9
Albanian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,505	710	795	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,490	700	790	1.4	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	450	195	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	555	290	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	960	470	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	440	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	425	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,435	2,125	2,305	4.1	4.0	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	1,075	505	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	2,635	1,250	1,385	2.4	2.4	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,590	750	840	1.5	1.4	1.5
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lingala	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,380	615	760	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese languages	1,375	615	760	1.3	1.2	1.4
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,120	505	615	1.0	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,980	3,430	3,550	6.5	6.5	6.4
English and French	3,760	1,855	1,905	3.5	3.5	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	930	470	455	0.9	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,650	810	840	1.5	1.5	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	455	220	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,205	52,985	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,790	9,675	9,115	17.4	18.3	16.5
French	55,975	26,985	28,990	51.7	50.9	52.5
Non-official language	4,685	2,265	2,415	4.3	4.3	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,675	2,260	2,410	4.3	4.3	4.4
English and French	14,980	7,385	7,590	13.8	13.9	13.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,000	1,995	2,010	3.7	3.8	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	4,585	2,110	2,470	4.2	4.0	4.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,890	2,405	2,485	4.5	4.5	4.5
Multiple non-official languages	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,205	52,985	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,485	49,195	51,290	92.9	92.8	92.9
Official languages	91,450	44,800	46,655	84.5	84.6	84.5
English	25,595	13,025	12,570	23.7	24.6	22.8
French	65,855	31,770	34,085	60.9	60.0	61.7
Non-official languages	9,035	4,400	4,635	8.3	8.3	8.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,015	4,390	4,625	8.3	8.3	8.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,120	1,105	1,020	2.0	2.1	1.8
Berber languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,970	1,030	945	1.8	1.9	1.7
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,940	1,015	930	1.8	1.9	1.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,295	2,080	2,220	4.0	3.9	4.0
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	890	440	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	440	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	200	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	250	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	630	320	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	300	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	260	135	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,675	1,280	1,400	2.5	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	600	280	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	320	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,715	820	895	1.6	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	575	255	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,020	490	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,020	490	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	900	430	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,720	3,785	3,935	7.1	7.1	7.1
English and French	4,250	2,120	2,130	3.9	4.0	3.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,175	570	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,580	740	840	1.5	1.4	1.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	330	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,210	52,985	55,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,720	42,010	43,710	79.2	79.3	79.1
English	8,525	4,185	4,340	7.9	7.9	7.9
French	6,040	2,925	3,110	5.6	5.5	5.6
Non-official language	4,160	2,025	2,135	3.8	3.8	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,120	2,010	2,110	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	1,030	520	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	640	670	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	895	410	480	0.8	0.8	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	430	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,290	52,665	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,240	52,210	54,035	99.0	99.1	98.9
English	86,205	43,355	42,850	80.3	82.3	78.5
French	92,120	44,790	47,335	85.9	85.0	86.7
Non-official languages	29,160	13,915	15,240	27.2	26.4	27.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,050	13,890	15,160	27.1	26.4	27.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,775	3,065	2,710	5.4	5.8	5.0
Berber languages	310	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	410	165	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	380	155	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,285	2,850	2,435	4.9	5.4	4.5
Amharic	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	5,040	2,725	2,315	4.7	5.2	4.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	560	240	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	360	145	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	830	335	495	0.8	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Merina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	690	285	410	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	1,525	695	820	1.4	1.3	1.5
Haitian Creole	1,310	595	715	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	245	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,795	6,930	7,865	13.8	13.2	14.4
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,165	1,075	1,090	2.0	2.0	2.0
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,135	1,060	1,080	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belarusian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	950	490	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	750	350	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	255	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	535	245	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,150	620	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	935	505	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
German	925	495	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,540	820	720	1.4	1.6	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	755	405	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	240	150	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	820	440	385	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	675	340	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,450	4,680	5,770	9.7	8.9	10.6
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	895	440	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,485	725	760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romanian	550	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	8,340	3,640	4,695	7.8	6.9	8.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	180	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	4,050	2,070	1,990	3.8	3.9	3.6
Akan (Twi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	595	265	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lingala	805	410	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Luba-Kasai	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mòoré	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	715	380	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	965	520	445	0.9	1.0	0.8
Wojenaka	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	395	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Yoruba	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	900	480	425	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	160	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,745	775	970	1.6	1.5	1.8
Chinese languages	1,740	770	970	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,550	690	860	1.4	1.3	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	110	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lao	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	220	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,290	52,665	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,270	2,065	2,200	4.0	3.9	4.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,080	1,980	2,100	3.8	3.8	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,990	960	1,030	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis	1,965	970	995	1.8	1.8	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	103,025	50,600	52,420	96.0	96.1	96.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,290	52,665	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	900	430	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,390	52,240	54,145	99.2	99.2	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,210	...	...	51.8	...	...
Renter	24,335	...	...	48.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	9,375	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not condominium	41,175	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	8,985	...	...	17.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,660	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,870	...	...	31.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,530	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,340	...	...	38.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,820	...	...	17.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,135	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,215	...	...	10.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,035	...	...	21.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,885	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	665	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,435	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,115	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,295	...	...	20.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,625	...	...	28.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,675	...	...	15.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,865	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,240	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,675	...	...	5.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,610	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,560	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,080	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,475	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,780	...	...	58.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,485	...	...	38.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,275	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,280	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,450	...	...	16.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,435	...	...	18.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,585	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,905	...	...	19.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,370	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,530	...	...	7.0	...	...
85 years and over	990	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,060	...	...	81.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,270	...	...	18.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,305	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,740	...	...	27.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,375	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,660	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,615	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	645	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,805	...	...	72.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,270	...	...	6.6	...	...
Not in core need	46,090	...	...	93.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,312	...	...	1,312	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	392,400	...	...	392,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.9	...	...	27.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	962	...	...	962	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,290	52,670	54,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,630	1,315	1,320	2.5	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,605	1,315	1,295	2.4	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,975	1,025	950	1.8	1.9	1.7
Métis single ancestry	570	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,805	2,765	3,045	5.4	5.2	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,725	2,730	2,995	5.3	5.2	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,540	2,150	2,390	4.2	4.1	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,115	555	555	1.0	1.1	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,850	48,600	50,255	92.1	92.3	92.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,290	52,670	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,390	47,610	49,775	90.8	90.4	91.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,845	10,225	9,625	18.5	19.4	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,540	37,390	40,150	72.3	71.0	73.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,900	5,060	4,845	9.2	9.6	8.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,290	52,670	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,090	40,785	42,300	77.4	77.4	77.4
Immigrants⁸¹	20,840	10,095	10,745	19.4	19.2	19.7
Before 1980	1,830	960	865	1.7	1.8	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,805	915	885	1.7	1.7	1.6
1991 to 2000	3,250	1,445	1,805	3.0	2.7	3.3
2001 to 2010	5,575	2,685	2,890	5.2	5.1	5.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,385	4,090	4,295	7.8	7.8	7.9
2011 to 2015	3,245	1,525	1,715	3.0	2.9	3.1
2016 to 2021	5,140	2,565	2,575	4.8	4.9	4.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,360	1,785	1,575	3.1	3.4	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,845	10,095	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,135	1,055	1,080	10.2	10.5	10.1
5 to 14 years	3,390	1,710	1,685	16.3	16.9	15.7
15 to 24 years	3,420	1,570	1,845	16.4	15.6	17.2
25 to 44 years	10,520	5,085	5,430	50.5	50.4	50.5
45 years and over	1,380	675	700	6.6	6.7	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,845	10,095	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,905	1,725	2,185	18.7	17.1	20.3
Brazil	200	100	95	1.0	1.0	0.9
Colombia	635	280	350	3.0	2.8	3.3
El Salvador	300	135	165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Guyana	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	1,005	430	580	4.8	4.3	5.4
Jamaica	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	250	105	150	1.2	1.0	1.4
Peru	155	55	105	0.7	0.5	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
United States of America	395	190	205	1.9	1.9	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	820	355	465	3.9	3.5	4.3
Europe	4,430	2,190	2,235	21.3	21.7	20.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	375	160	210	1.8	1.6	2.0
Croatia	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
France	1,005	520	485	4.8	5.2	4.5
Germany	140	75	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Greece	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italy	115	75	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Netherlands	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	155	65	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portugal	545	255	290	2.6	2.5	2.7
Romania	375	200	180	1.8	2.0	1.7
Russian Federation	190	65	120	0.9	0.6	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	100	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	270	140	125	1.3	1.4	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	375	215	160	1.8	2.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Europe	600	280	320	2.9	2.8	3.0
Africa	7,430	3,715	3,720	35.6	36.8	34.6
Algeria	645	330	315	3.1	3.3	2.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	840	410	430	4.0	4.1	4.0
Egypt	240	130	105	1.2	1.3	1.0
Eritrea	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ethiopia	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Morocco	935	460	470	4.5	4.6	4.4
Nigeria	85	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	105	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	4,415	2,190	2,225	21.2	21.7	20.7
Asia	5,030	2,435	2,590	24.1	24.1	24.1
Afghanistan	105	60	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	370	190	180	1.8	1.9	1.7
Iraq	115	55	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanon	580	330	250	2.8	3.3	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	285	160	125	1.4	1.6	1.2
Turkey	90	55	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
China⁹⁰	915	385	535	4.4	3.8	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	120	40	75	0.6	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	705	295	405	3.4	2.9	3.8
Viet Nam	245	95	150	1.2	0.9	1.4
Bangladesh	65	45	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
India	340	180	165	1.6	1.8	1.5
Pakistan	130	90	45	0.6	0.9	0.4
Sri Lanka	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	845	420	425	4.1	4.2	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	35	15	0.3	0.3	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,145	2,570	2,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	260	275	10.5	10.1	10.7
Brazil	55	35	25	1.1	1.4	1.0
Colombia	115	65	50	2.2	2.5	1.9
Haiti	145	65	75	2.8	2.5	2.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
United States of America	45	30	10	0.9	1.2	0.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	135	55	85	2.6	2.1	3.3
Europe	525	295	230	10.2	11.5	8.9
France	195	105	90	3.8	4.1	3.5
Germany	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	95	60	35	1.8	2.3	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	35	10	0.8	1.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	155	80	75	3.0	3.1	2.9
Africa	2,340	1,095	1,245	45.5	42.6	48.3
Algeria	80	40	45	1.6	1.6	1.7
Burundi	225	130	100	4.4	5.1	3.9
Cameroon	330	155	180	6.4	6.0	7.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	310	135	170	6.0	5.3	6.6
Côte d'Ivoire	325	170	150	6.3	6.6	5.8
Egypt	70	35	30	1.4	1.4	1.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Morocco	130	65	65	2.5	2.5	2.5
Nigeria	50	25	20	1.0	1.0	0.8
Somalia	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	70	15	55	1.4	0.6	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	685	285	400	13.3	11.1	15.5
Asia	1,725	905	820	33.5	35.2	31.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	235	115	125	4.6	4.5	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
India	215	105	110	4.2	4.1	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iraq	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	1.0	1.0	1.0
Lebanon	80	50	30	1.6	1.9	1.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	40	10	1.0	1.6	0.4
Philippines	540	265	275	10.5	10.3	10.7
Saudi Arabia	25	20	10	0.5	0.8	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	210	120	85	4.1	4.7	3.3
Turkey	55	30	25	1.1	1.2	1.0
United Arab Emirates	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.8
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	105	45	55	2.0	1.8	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Australia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,290	52,665	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,340	12,425	12,915	23.6	23.6	23.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,090	7,005	7,080	13.1	13.3	13.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	67,860	33,235	34,625	63.2	63.1	63.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	19,015	9,135	9,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	9,285	4,660	4,625	48.8	51.0	46.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,460	2,525	1,940	23.5	27.6	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,825	2,140	2,680	25.4	23.4	27.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,755	1,995	2,765	25.0	21.8	28.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,800	2,395	2,400	25.2	26.2	24.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	170	80	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	19,015	9,135	9,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,660	835	825	8.7	9.1	8.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,255	555	700	6.6	6.1	7.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	500	285	220	2.6	3.1	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,015	535	480	5.3	5.9	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	55	55	0.5	0.6	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,485	6,875	7,610	76.2	75.3	77.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,285	52,665	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	26,045	12,615	13,430	24.3	24.0	24.6
South Asian	1,190	625	565	1.1	1.2	1.0
Chinese	2,000	785	1,220	1.9	1.5	2.2
Black	12,470	6,095	6,380	11.6	11.6	11.7
Filipino	850	365	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Arab	4,150	2,265	1,880	3.9	4.3	3.4
Latin American	2,530	1,140	1,390	2.4	2.2	2.5
Southeast Asian	1,000	445	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
West Asian	650	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	195	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	680	360	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	81,245	40,050	41,190	75.7	76.0	75.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,290	52,670	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,650	10,385	11,265	20.2	19.7	20.6
English	5,745	3,070	2,675	5.4	5.8	4.9
Irish	11,020	5,400	5,620	10.3	10.3	10.3
Scottish	6,295	3,230	3,065	5.9	6.1	5.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,115	13,420	13,695	25.3	25.5	25.1
German	3,510	1,735	1,770	3.3	3.3	3.2
Chinese	2,150	850	1,300	2.0	1.6	2.4
Italian	2,410	1,190	1,220	2.2	2.3	2.2
Indian (India)	790	370	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ukrainian	1,025	550	480	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dutch	850	395	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Polish	1,335	690	640	1.2	1.3	1.2
Québécois	7,275	3,755	3,520	6.8	7.1	6.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,350	695	655	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	835	365	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
French Canadian	7,165	3,455	3,700	6.7	6.6	6.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,490	1,190	1,305	2.3	2.3	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,785	1,395	1,390	2.6	2.6	2.5
Métis	1,780	850	930	1.7	1.6	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,250	1,110	1,140	2.1	2.1	2.1
Russian	740	360	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	430	265	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Welsh	545	295	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	1,385	670	710	1.3	1.3	1.3
American	575	320	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Spanish	1,195	570	625	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swedish	295	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	425	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Acadian	1,440	710	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pakistani	190	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,290	1,185	1,100	2.1	2.2	2.0
Jewish	420	280	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	560	210	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,570	825	750	1.5	1.6	1.4
Greek	250	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	290	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	335	140	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	210	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	630	315	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	1,410	775	640	1.3	1.5	1.2
Iranian	485	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	485	245	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	265	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	800	385	415	0.7	0.7	0.8
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	700	295	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	1,655	695	960	1.5	1.3	1.8
Hindu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	585	255	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mennonite	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	370	190	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	390	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	480	260	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	485	230	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tamil	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	765	360	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Moroccan	1,120	580	540	1.0	1.1	1.0
Czech	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syrian	500	265	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Guyanese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	420	235	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbian	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	410	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	435	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazilian	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	335	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	1,535	735	800	1.4	1.4	1.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	1,420	670	755	1.3	1.3	1.4
Nova Scotian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	240	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	465	250	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	335	190	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	155	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	625	305	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guatemalan	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	485	250	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Argentinian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	200	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assyrian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Saskatchewanian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	625	280	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	665	365	300	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tigrinya	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	555	260	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	240	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,290	52,670	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	675	250	430	0.6	0.5	0.8
Christian	62,055	28,965	33,095	57.8	55.0	60.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,620	3,570	4,050	7.1	6.8	7.4
Anabaptist	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,140	545	595	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baptist	485	230	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Catholic	46,880	21,835	25,045	43.7	41.5	45.9
Christian Orthodox	1,520	790	725	1.4	1.5	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	525	250	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	810	375	435	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	260	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	700	315	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,785	770	1,010	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hindu	360	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	345	195	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	7,195	3,740	3,455	6.7	7.1	6.3
Sikh	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	665	280	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	35,790	18,975	16,810	33.4	36.0	30.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,195	52,105	54,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,215	44,690	46,515	85.9	85.8	86.0
Movers	14,985	7,410	7,570	14.1	14.2	14.0
Non-migrants	8,835	4,315	4,515	8.3	8.3	8.3
Migrants	6,155	3,095	3,060	5.8	5.9	5.7
Internal migrants	5,185	2,560	2,620	4.9	4.9	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,005	985	1,020	1.9	1.9	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,180	1,580	1,600	3.0	3.0	3.0
External migrants	970	530	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,845	49,775	52,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,975	27,645	29,330	55.9	55.5	56.3
Movers	44,865	22,130	22,735	44.1	44.5	43.7
Non-migrants	21,735	10,680	11,055	21.3	21.5	21.2
Migrants	23,135	11,450	11,680	22.7	23.0	22.4
Internal migrants	16,265	7,990	8,280	16.0	16.1	15.9
Intraprovincial migrants	8,555	4,150	4,410	8.4	8.3	8.5
Interprovincial migrants	7,705	3,840	3,875	7.6	7.7	7.4
External migrants	6,865	3,465	3,400	6.7	7.0	6.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,070	43,330	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,900	7,990	6,910	16.7	18.4	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,170	35,345	38,825	83.3	81.6	84.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,160	29,000	30,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,755	3,815	2,940	11.4	13.2	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,405	25,180	27,225	88.6	86.8	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,070	43,330	45,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,405	7,070	6,335	15.0	16.3	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,575	9,040	9,530	20.9	20.9	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,090	27,220	29,865	64.1	62.8	65.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,120	12,230	12,890	28.2	28.2	28.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,020	3,995	3,025	7.9	9.2	6.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,890	2,455	2,440	5.5	5.7	5.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,130	1,540	590	2.4	3.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,230	7,015	8,215	17.1	16.2	18.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,870	1,220	1,645	3.2	2.8	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,970	14,990	16,980	35.9	34.6	37.1
Bachelor's degree	18,325	8,170	10,155	20.6	18.9	22.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,345	1,065	1,280	2.6	2.5	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	220	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	9,335	4,635	4,705	10.5	10.7	10.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,485	905	585	1.7	2.1	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,160	28,995	30,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,745	3,200	2,545	9.7	11.0	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,685	4,985	4,700	16.4	17.2	15.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,735	20,815	22,920	73.9	71.8	76.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,640	8,885	8,750	29.8	30.6	29.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,220	2,995	2,225	8.8	10.3	7.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,660	1,880	1,775	6.2	6.5	5.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,565	1,115	450	2.6	3.8	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,480	5,025	5,455	17.7	17.3	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,935	865	1,065	3.3	3.0	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,100	11,930	14,165	44.1	41.1	47.0
Bachelor's degree	14,625	6,415	8,205	24.7	22.1	27.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,935	865	1,070	3.3	3.0	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	165	250	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	7,925	3,785	4,140	13.4	13.1	13.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,200	700	505	2.0	2.4	1.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,065	43,330	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,980	16,110	15,870	35.9	37.2	34.7
Education	3,890	975	2,920	4.4	2.3	6.4
13. Education	3,890	975	2,920	4.4	2.3	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,115	960	1,160	2.4	2.2	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	225	50	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,835	735	1,105	2.1	1.7	2.4
Humanities	4,355	1,840	2,520	4.9	4.2	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,065	355	710	1.2	0.8	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,415	550	865	1.6	1.3	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	195	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	470	315	150	0.5	0.7	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	630	170	465	0.7	0.4	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,510	4,325	6,180	11.8	10.0	13.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,240	435	805	1.4	1.0	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	95	815	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,745	805	940	2.0	1.9	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	350	130	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
42. Psychology	1,295	355	940	1.5	0.8	2.1
45. Social sciences	4,820	2,460	2,355	5.4	5.7	5.1
Business, management and public administration	13,335	5,505	7,830	15.0	12.7	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,515	545	970	1.7	1.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,810	4,955	6,855	13.3	11.4	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,600	1,375	1,230	2.9	3.2	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,070	465	605	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	225	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	365	155	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	695	475	220	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,250	2,275	975	3.6	5.3	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,550	1,890	660	2.9	4.4	1.4
25. Library science	245	70	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	385	270	110	0.4	0.6	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,395	6,480	910	8.3	15.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	545	350	195	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	2,270	1,800	470	2.5	4.2	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,610	1,435	175	1.8	3.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,450	1,420	30	1.6	3.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,025	1,010	15	1.2	2.3	0.0
48. Precision production	475	455	20	0.5	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	440	460	1.0	1.0	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	170	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	270	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	6,010	1,495	4,515	6.7	3.5	9.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	265	215	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,335	1,120	4,210	6.0	2.6	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,705	1,555	1,155	3.0	3.6	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,520	585	935	1.7	1.4	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	760	595	160	0.9	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	305	50	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,160	28,995	30,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,430	8,185	7,245	26.1	28.2	24.0
Education	2,645	610	2,035	4.5	2.1	6.7
13. Education	2,645	610	2,035	4.5	2.1	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,640	765	875	2.8	2.6	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	155	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,460	610	845	2.5	2.1	2.8
Humanities	2,795	1,115	1,675	4.7	3.8	5.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	750	235	510	1.3	0.8	1.7
23. English language and literature/letters	215	80	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	805	300	505	1.4	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	145	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	335	225	110	0.6	0.8	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	375	75	300	0.6	0.3	1.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,395	3,415	4,990	14.2	11.8	16.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	45	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,005	370	640	1.7	1.3	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	705	70	635	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,395	605	790	2.4	2.1	2.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	295	110	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
42. Psychology	970	235	730	1.6	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	3,900	1,985	1,920	6.6	6.8	6.4
Business, management and public administration	10,565	4,300	6,265	17.9	14.8	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,240	415	830	2.1	1.4	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,315	3,880	5,430	15.7	13.4	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,735	940	795	2.9	3.2	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	875	390	485	1.5	1.3	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	145	75	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	515	335	180	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,660	1,875	785	4.5	6.5	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,155	1,615	540	3.6	5.6	1.8
25. Library science	160	45	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	180	105	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,815	5,010	805	9.8	17.3	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	420	275	145	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	1,935	1,495	440	3.3	5.2	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,215	1,060	150	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,150	1,125	25	1.9	3.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	720	710	15	1.2	2.4	0.0
48. Precision production	350	330	20	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	355	375	1.2	1.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	115	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	420	235	180	0.7	0.8	0.6
Health and related fields	4,680	1,235	3,450	7.9	4.3	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	195	185	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,140	965	3,175	7.0	3.3	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,060	1,200	860	3.5	4.1	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,125	430	695	1.9	1.5	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	555	430	120	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	320	285	40	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,160	28,995	30,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,430	8,185	7,245	26.1	28.2	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,730	20,815	22,915	73.9	71.8	76.0
Location of study inside Canada	36,800	17,580	19,215	62.2	60.6	63.7
Same as province or territory of residence	21,290	9,945	11,345	36.0	34.3	37.6
Different than province or territory of residence	15,510	7,640	7,870	26.2	26.3	26.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,935	3,230	3,700	11.7	11.1	12.3
Americas	1,425	625	800	2.4	2.2	2.7
United States of America	495	260	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
Mexico	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	195	75	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	210	90	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Europe	2,025	975	1,050	3.4	3.4	3.5
Belgium	85	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	800	395	405	1.4	1.4	1.3
Germany	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Poland	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	220	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	205	55	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Africa	1,810	860	950	3.1	3.0	3.1
Nigeria	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	235	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Morocco	280	105	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Tunisia	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	1,025	505	530	1.7	1.7	1.8
Asia	1,605	740	870	2.7	2.6	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	125	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	375	145	235	0.6	0.5	0.8
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	435	175	260	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	185	125	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,070	43,330	45,740	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,765	30,040	28,720	...	...	...
Employed	52,765	27,030	25,735	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,995	3,005	2,990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,305	13,295	17,010	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	69.3	62.8	66.0	69.3	62.8
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.3	59.2	62.4	56.3
Unemployment rate	10.2	10.0	10.4	10.2	10.0	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,065	43,330	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,450	13,475	16,975	34.2	31.1	37.1
Worked	58,615	29,855	28,760	65.8	68.9	62.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,880	17,235	15,645	36.9	39.8	34.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,735	12,625	13,115	28.9	29.1	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.4	41.7	42.1	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,765	30,040	28,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	715	790	2.6	2.4	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,260	29,325	27,935	97.4	97.6	97.2
Employee	51,500	25,820	25,675	87.6	86.0	89.4
Permanent position	41,290	20,935	20,355	70.3	69.7	70.9
Temporary position	10,205	4,890	5,320	17.4	16.3	18.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,785	1,740	2,040	6.4	5.8	7.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,425	3,145	3,280	10.9	10.5	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,760	3,505	2,260	9.8	11.7	7.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,765	30,040	28,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	715	790	2.6	2.4	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,260	29,325	27,935	97.4	97.6	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	890	560	330	1.5	1.9	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,540	4,355	8,180	21.3	14.5	28.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,660	4,230	1,425	9.6	14.1	5.0
3 Health occupations	3,970	1,055	2,915	6.8	3.5	10.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,480	4,505	6,970	19.5	15.0	24.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,285	960	1,330	3.9	3.2	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,160	7,030	6,130	22.4	23.4	21.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,070	5,615	450	10.3	18.7	1.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	510	65	1.0	1.7	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	625	500	125	1.1	1.7	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,765	30,040	28,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	715	790	2.6	2.4	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	57,260	29,325	27,935	97.4	97.6	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	175	135	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	100	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	145	115	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
23 Construction	3,240	2,870	370	5.5	9.6	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,255	920	340	2.1	3.1	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	645	470	170	1.1	1.6	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	5,285	2,870	2,415	9.0	9.6	8.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,720	1,435	285	2.9	4.8	1.0
51 Information and cultural industries	890	535	355	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,380	705	680	2.3	2.3	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	750	485	270	1.3	1.6	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,760	2,110	1,645	6.4	7.0	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,835	1,915	925	4.8	6.4	3.2
61 Educational services	5,425	1,920	3,505	9.2	6.4	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,875	1,885	4,995	11.7	6.3	17.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,270	675	595	2.2	2.2	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,375	1,705	1,670	5.7	5.7	5.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,180	970	1,210	3.7	3.2	4.2
91 Public administration	15,900	7,485	8,415	27.1	24.9	29.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,645	31,905	30,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	15,630	8,810	6,820	25.0	27.6	22.2
French	18,095	8,765	9,325	28.9	27.5	30.3
Non-official language	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	27,530	13,620	13,910	43.9	42.7	45.3
English and non-official language(s)	360	210	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	695	330	365	1.1	1.0	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,645	31,905	30,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,995	29,120	27,870	91.0	91.3	90.7
Official languages	56,620	28,930	27,695	90.4	90.7	90.1
English	27,280	14,890	12,390	43.5	46.7	40.3
French	29,345	14,040	15,305	46.8	44.0	49.8
Non-official languages	370	195	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	370	195	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	45	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,650	2,785	2,870	9.0	8.7	9.3
English and French	5,475	2,675	2,800	8.7	8.4	9.1
English and non-official language(s)	110	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,645	31,905	30,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,380	20,370	19,010	62.9	63.8	61.9
English	11,075	5,205	5,870	17.7	16.3	19.1
French	11,275	5,885	5,390	18.0	18.4	17.5
Non-official language	405	205	200	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	400	200	200	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	180	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	255	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,765	27,030	25,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	19,455	8,910	10,545	36.9	33.0	41.0
Worked outside Canada	115	95	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,160	4,000	1,165	9.8	14.8	4.5
Usual place of work	28,035	14,025	14,005	53.1	51.9	54.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,035	14,030	14,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,555	8,170	9,385	62.6	58.2	67.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	955	500	455	3.4	3.6	3.2
Commute to a different province or territory	9,520	5,355	4,165	34.0	38.2	29.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,195	18,030	15,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,655	13,965	10,690	74.3	77.5	70.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	22,520	12,980	9,540	67.8	72.0	62.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,140	985	1,150	6.4	5.5	7.6
Public transit	4,810	2,230	2,585	14.5	12.4	17.0
Walked	2,145	950	1,195	6.5	5.3	7.9
Bicycle	755	520	230	2.3	2.9	1.5
Other method	830	365	465	2.5	2.0	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,195	18,030	15,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,295	4,585	4,710	28.0	25.4	31.1
15 to 29 minutes	12,795	6,935	5,860	38.5	38.5	38.6
30 to 44 minutes	7,325	4,340	2,985	22.1	24.1	19.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,080	1,195	885	6.3	6.6	5.8
60 minutes and over	1,700	975	730	5.1	5.4	4.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,195	18,030	15,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,790	1,380	410	5.4	7.7	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,135	4,010	2,130	18.5	22.2	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,680	4,635	5,040	29.2	25.7	33.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,925	3,260	3,665	20.9	18.1	24.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,835	2,030	1,805	11.6	11.3	11.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,835	2,720	2,120	14.6	15.1	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,925	11,250	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,065	3,620	3,440	32.2	32.2	32.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,865	7,630	7,235	67.8	67.8	67.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,020	8,225	7,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,255	2,695	2,560	32.8	32.8	32.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,775	1,950	1,825	23.6	23.7	23.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,480	745	740	9.2	9.1	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,765	5,530	5,230	67.2	67.2	67.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table