Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Honoré-MercierMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,435	50,495	54,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,000	9,180	8,820	17.1	18.2	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,180	2,670	2,505	4.9	5.3	4.6
5 to 9 years	6,235	3,135	3,100	5.9	6.2	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,585	3,375	3,210	6.2	6.7	5.8
15 to 64 years	65,600	32,095	33,505	62.2	63.6	61.0
15 to 19 years	5,850	2,980	2,865	5.5	5.9	5.2
20 to 24 years	6,035	3,110	2,930	5.7	6.2	5.3
25 to 29 years	5,715	2,915	2,800	5.4	5.8	5.1
30 to 34 years	5,500	2,645	2,850	5.2	5.2	5.2
35 to 39 years	6,270	2,975	3,295	5.9	5.9	6.0
40 to 44 years	7,130	3,370	3,755	6.8	6.7	6.8
45 to 49 years	7,090	3,420	3,675	6.7	6.8	6.7
50 to 54 years	7,375	3,620	3,755	7.0	7.2	6.8
55 to 59 years	7,540	3,700	3,840	7.2	7.3	7.0
60 to 64 years	7,105	3,360	3,735	6.7	6.7	6.8
65 years and over	21,830	9,225	12,610	20.7	18.3	23.0
65 to 69 years	5,875	2,575	3,300	5.6	5.1	6.0
70 to 74 years	5,535	2,405	3,130	5.2	4.8	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,070	1,710	2,360	3.9	3.4	4.3
80 to 84 years	3,240	1,370	1,875	3.1	2.7	3.4
85 years and over	3,110	1,165	1,940	2.9	2.3	3.5
85 to 89 years	1,915	810	1,105	1.8	1.6	2.0
90 to 94 years	950	315	635	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	220	40	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	18.2	16.1	17.1	18.2	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.2	63.6	61.0	62.2	63.6	61.0
65 years and over	20.7	18.3	23.0	20.7	18.3	23.0
85 years and over	2.9	2.3	3.5	2.9	2.3	3.5
Average age of the population	42.8	41.3	44.2	42.8	41.3	44.2
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	45.2	43.6	42.0	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,660	...	...	18.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,375	...	...	12.7	...	...
Row house	2,805	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,110	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20,010	...	...	47.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,315	...	...	10.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,180	...	...	31.1	...	...
2 persons	12,645	...	...	29.9	...	...
3 persons	6,445	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	6,315	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,740	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,460	49,425	54,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,435	41,320	46,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,660	22,845	22,815	52.2	55.3	49.5
Married	36,515	18,240	18,275	41.8	44.1	39.6
Living common-law	9,145	4,605	4,540	10.5	11.1	9.8
Living common law - Never married	6,835	3,435	3,405	7.8	8.3	7.4
Living common law - Separated	155	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	1,915	975	940	2.2	2.4	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	245	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	41,770	18,475	23,295	47.8	44.7	50.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,950	14,550	13,400	32.0	35.2	29.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,705	635	1,070	2.0	1.5	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,815	2,295	4,515	7.8	5.6	9.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,305	990	4,310	6.1	2.4	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,920	...	...	45.5	...	...
3 persons	6,415	...	...	22.6	...	...
4 persons	6,135	...	...	21.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,905	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,205	...	...	78.3	...	...
Married couples	17,630	...	...	62.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,865	...	...	38.3	...	...
Without children	6,765	...	...	23.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,570	...	...	16.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,125	...	...	7.5	...	...
Without children	2,450	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,170	...	...	21.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,150	...	...	18.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,025	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,460	49,425	54,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,070	41,485	43,580	82.2	83.9	80.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,405	22,235	22,170	42.9	45.0	41.0
Parents in one-parent families	6,170	1,020	5,150	6.0	2.1	9.5
Children⁶	34,495	18,230	16,265	33.3	36.9	30.1
In a two-parent family	24,885	13,070	11,815	24.1	26.4	21.9
In a one-parent family	9,610	5,160	4,450	9.3	10.4	8.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,390	7,940	10,450	17.8	16.1	19.3
Living alone	13,180	5,380	7,800	12.7	10.9	14.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,835	1,100	1,730	2.7	2.2	3.2
Living with non-relatives only	2,375	1,455	915	2.3	2.9	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,470	...	...	60.2	...	...
Couple-family households	20,485	...	...	48.4	...	...
With children⁶	11,910	...	...	28.1	...	...
Without children	8,575	...	...	20.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,985	...	...	11.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,150	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,060	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,350	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	13,185	...	...	31.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,475	40,265	45,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,450	38,815	43,635	96.5	96.4	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,800	36,400	38,400	40,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,455	38,820	43,635	96.5	96.4	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,000	33,200	34,400	36,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,610	34,935	37,675	84.9	86.8	83.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,800	26,000	30,200	34,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,660	28,890	28,775	67.5	71.7	63.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,800	34,400	37,600	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,725	31,810	38,915	82.7	79.0	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	10,800	13,700	12,600	10,800	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,295	4,575	4,715	10.9	11.4	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600	5,640	5,600	5,600	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,180	13,705	12,475	30.6	34.0	27.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,645	38,835	43,810	96.6	96.7	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	50,080	42,880	46,240	50,080	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,655	38,840	43,815	96.6	96.7	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,760	40,880	36,840	38,760	40,880	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,715	34,825	37,890	85.0	86.7	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,800	45,040	34,960	39,800	45,040	34,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,690	28,850	28,840	67.4	71.8	63.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	46,040	38,440	42,240	46,040	38,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,830	31,790	39,035	82.8	79.1	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,120	11,830	14,160	13,120	11,830	14,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,370	4,660	4,715	11.0	11.6	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	5,910	7,480	6,700	5,910	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,330	13,695	12,640	30.8	34.1	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,840	8,750	8,930	8,840	8,750	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,100	14,280	12,820	31.7	35.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	57,600	53,200	55,200	57,600	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,400	68,100	60,250	64,400	68,100	60,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,730	11,190	12,535	27.7	27.8	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,800	16,600	17,600	19,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,460	27,920	23,280	25,460	27,920	23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	80.6	70.6	75.6	80.6	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8	68.4	59.1	63.8	68.4	59.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.3	19.4	29.5	24.3	19.4	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	6.8	7.2	7.0	6.8	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.1	6.2	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,475	40,265	45,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,025	1,445	1,575	3.5	3.6	3.5
With total income	82,450	38,815	43,635	96.5	96.4	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,955	2,720	3,245	7.2	7.0	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,095	4,180	5,915	12.2	10.8	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	15,485	6,780	8,710	18.8	17.5	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,595	5,380	6,215	14.1	13.9	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,580	4,995	5,585	12.8	12.9	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,465	4,015	4,455	10.3	10.3	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,945	2,830	3,110	7.2	7.3	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,985	2,070	1,915	4.8	5.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,075	1,605	1,465	3.7	4.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	1,075	1,000	2.5	2.8	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,185	3,170	2,015	6.3	8.2	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,780	2,215	1,570	4.6	5.7	3.6
$150,000 and over	1,405	960	445	1.7	2.5	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,475	40,265	45,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,015	1,445	1,575	3.5	3.6	3.5
With after-tax income	82,455	38,820	43,640	96.5	96.4	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,245	2,805	3,440	7.6	7.2	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,615	4,445	6,170	12.9	11.5	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	17,865	7,990	9,885	21.7	20.6	22.6
$30,000 to $39,999	14,465	6,930	7,535	17.5	17.9	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,230	5,890	6,335	14.8	15.2	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,100	3,875	4,225	9.8	10.0	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,050	2,525	2,525	6.1	6.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,150	1,565	1,585	3.8	4.0	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,775	950	830	2.2	2.4	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	610	425	1.3	1.6	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,920	1,235	680	2.3	3.2	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,080	670	415	1.3	1.7	0.9
$125,000 and over	840	565	275	1.0	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,475	40,265	45,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,815	11,375	16,435	32.5	28.3	36.4
With employment income	57,660	28,890	28,775	67.5	71.7	63.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,890	3,905	3,985	13.7	13.5	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,100	2,375	2,725	8.8	8.2	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,195	3,185	4,010	12.5	11.0	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,000	2,810	3,190	10.4	9.7	11.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,995	2,960	3,035	10.4	10.3	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,185	2,955	3,225	10.7	10.2	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,085	2,555	2,535	8.8	8.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,700	1,985	1,715	6.4	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,685	1,515	1,170	4.7	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,255	1,140	4.2	4.4	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	835	605	2.5	2.9	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,000	2,540	1,455	6.9	8.8	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,095	1,260	835	3.6	4.4	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,900	1,285	615	3.3	4.4	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,475	40,265	45,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,480	37,785	42,695	94.2	93.8	94.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,800	35,200	38,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,500	37,790	42,705	94.2	93.9	94.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,400	30,200	32,000	34,400	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,475	34,445	37,025	83.6	85.5	81.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,000	27,800	31,600	36,000	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,345	28,805	28,545	67.1	71.5	63.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,000	35,200	38,400	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,430	28,080	36,350	75.4	69.7	80.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	4,200	10,100	7,900	4,200	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,940	3,420	3,520	8.1	8.5	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,560	5,400	4,960	4,560	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,510	37,735	42,770	94.1	93.9	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	47,840	39,640	43,480	47,840	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,535	37,745	42,790	94.1	93.9	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,280	38,840	34,000	36,280	38,840	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,620	34,395	37,230	83.7	85.6	82.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,080	45,800	34,800	40,080	45,800	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,415	28,785	28,635	67.1	71.6	63.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	46,720	37,920	42,320	46,720	37,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,735	28,230	36,500	75.7	70.3	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,720	8,140	10,940	9,720	8,140	10,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,120	3,525	3,600	8.3	8.8	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	5,670	8,370	7,030	5,670	8,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,970	14,230	12,745	31.5	35.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,000	47,200	50,400	54,000	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,550	64,300	54,250	59,550	64,300	54,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,070	10,535	11,535	25.8	26.2	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	25,400	21,600	23,200	25,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,520	33,760	27,560	30,520	33,760	27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	87.2	76.4	82.0	87.2	76.4
Employment income (%)	69.4	74.4	64.0	69.4	74.4	64.0
Government transfers (%)	18.0	12.7	23.6	18.0	12.7	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,560	...	...	45,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,320	...	...	38,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	640	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,340	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,760	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,595	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,920	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,010	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,930	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,570	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,730	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,395	...	...	34.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,870	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,410	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,625	...	...	8.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,490	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,500	...	...	5.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,120	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,015	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,375	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,370	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,265	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,825	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,600	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,285	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,945	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,715	...	...	25.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,785	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,765	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,165	...	...	7.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,555	6,840	8,715	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,200	34,800	36,400	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	31,800	32,800	34,800	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,360	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,545	6,780	8,765	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,960	46,440	42,080	43,960	46,440	42,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,160	38,480	36,120	37,160	38,480	36,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,460	49,425	54,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,575	11,015	10,555	20.9	22.3	19.5
0 to 5 years	6,380	3,260	3,120	6.2	6.6	5.8
18 to 64 years	61,280	29,615	31,665	59.2	59.9	58.6
65 years and over	20,605	8,795	11,810	19.9	17.8	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,160	4,800	6,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,210	1,165	1,045	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	785	405	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,135	2,385	2,755	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,820	1,255	2,565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.7	11.8	10.8	9.7	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.6	9.9	10.2	10.6	9.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.2	12.3	12.3	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	8.0	8.7	8.4	8.0	8.7
65 years and over (%)	18.5	14.3	21.7	18.5	14.3	21.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,460	49,425	54,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,575	11,015	10,555	20.9	22.3	19.5
0 to 5 years	6,380	3,260	3,120	6.2	6.6	5.8
18 to 64 years	61,280	29,615	31,665	59.2	59.9	58.6
65 years and over	20,605	8,795	11,810	19.9	17.8	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,730	2,710	3,020	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,090	565	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	380	195	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,330	1,730	1,600	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,315	415	895	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.9	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.8	5.1	5.4	5.8	5.1
65 years and over (%)	6.4	4.8	7.6	6.4	4.8	7.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,460	49,430	54,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	60,325	28,100	32,225	58.3	56.8	59.6
In bottom decile	9,365	4,205	5,165	9.1	8.5	9.6
In second decile	11,590	5,155	6,435	11.2	10.4	11.9
In third decile	13,145	6,150	6,995	12.7	12.4	12.9
In fourth decile	13,045	6,190	6,850	12.6	12.5	12.7
In fifth decile	13,180	6,400	6,780	12.7	12.9	12.5
In top half of the distribution	43,135	21,330	21,800	41.7	43.2	40.3
In sixth decile	11,545	5,635	5,910	11.2	11.4	10.9
In seventh decile	10,295	5,055	5,245	10.0	10.2	9.7
In eighth decile	9,070	4,520	4,550	8.8	9.1	8.4
In ninth decile	7,355	3,645	3,715	7.1	7.4	6.9
In top decile	4,865	2,480	2,390	4.7	5.0	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,460	...	...	103,460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	103,865	49,515	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,395	1,695	1,705	3.3	3.4	3.1
French only	41,170	18,010	23,160	39.6	36.4	42.6
English and French	57,215	29,080	28,140	55.1	58.7	51.8
Neither English nor French	2,080	730	1,355	2.0	1.5	2.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	103,865	49,515	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,780	10,820	10,960	21.0	21.9	20.2
French	72,120	33,815	38,310	69.4	68.3	70.5
English and French	7,945	4,190	3,755	7.6	8.5	6.9
Neither English nor French	2,020	690	1,330	1.9	1.4	2.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	103,865	49,515	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,420	45,830	50,585	92.8	92.6	93.1
Official languages	55,740	26,695	29,045	53.7	53.9	53.4
English	9,155	4,750	4,405	8.8	9.6	8.1
French	46,590	21,945	24,640	44.9	44.3	45.3
Non-official languages	40,675	19,135	21,545	39.2	38.6	39.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40,670	19,135	21,540	39.2	38.6	39.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,690	3,925	3,765	7.4	7.9	6.9
Berber languages	2,415	1,240	1,175	2.3	2.5	2.2
Kabyle	2,315	1,180	1,130	2.2	2.4	2.1
Tamazight	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,265	2,680	2,590	5.1	5.4	4.8
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,250	2,670	2,580	5.1	5.4	4.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,640	755	885	1.6	1.5	1.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	550	245	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	1,090	515	575	1.0	1.0	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	6,475	2,765	3,715	6.2	5.6	6.8
Haitian Creole	5,020	2,145	2,880	4.8	4.3	5.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,420	595	820	1.4	1.2	1.5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,970	10,795	12,180	22.1	21.8	22.4
Albanian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	935	395	535	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	930	395	535	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	350	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	455	225	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	21,210	9,990	11,220	20.4	20.2	20.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	13,630	6,415	7,215	13.1	13.0	13.3
Portuguese	1,390	660	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Romanian	955	460	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	5,230	2,455	2,770	5.0	5.0	5.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	835	375	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	830	370	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	400	185	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,450	3,685	3,765	7.2	7.4	6.9
English and French	1,445	740	710	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,105	535	565	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	3,820	1,850	1,975	3.7	3.7	3.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	890	475	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	103,865	49,515	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,460	6,720	6,740	13.0	13.6	12.4
French	44,275	20,935	23,340	42.6	42.3	42.9
Non-official language	9,435	4,240	5,195	9.1	8.6	9.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,435	4,240	5,195	9.1	8.6	9.6
English and French	5,985	3,065	2,925	5.8	6.2	5.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,500	1,675	1,825	3.4	3.4	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	17,525	8,125	9,400	16.9	16.4	17.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	9,335	4,605	4,730	9.0	9.3	8.7
Multiple non-official languages	350	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	103,865	49,515	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,095	44,795	49,295	90.6	90.5	90.7
Official languages	76,270	36,570	39,700	73.4	73.9	73.0
English	19,750	9,785	9,970	19.0	19.8	18.3
French	56,515	26,785	29,730	54.4	54.1	54.7
Non-official languages	17,825	8,225	9,595	17.2	16.6	17.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,825	8,225	9,595	17.2	16.6	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,285	1,660	1,625	3.2	3.4	3.0
Berber languages	1,050	545	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kabyle	1,015	525	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Tamazight	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,230	1,115	1,115	2.1	2.3	2.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,220	1,110	1,110	2.1	2.2	2.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,130	525	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	795	370	425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	2,820	1,175	1,645	2.7	2.4	3.0
Haitian Creole	2,275	945	1,330	2.2	1.9	2.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	515	220	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,530	4,360	5,170	9.2	8.8	9.5
Albanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	550	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	155	75	85	0.1	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,600	3,930	4,670	8.3	7.9	8.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,995	1,745	2,255	3.8	3.5	4.1
Portuguese	530	245	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	625	300	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	3,440	1,635	1,810	3.3	3.3	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	595	275	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	595	275	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,775	4,715	5,055	9.4	9.5	9.3
English and French	2,190	1,090	1,100	2.1	2.2	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	995	455	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,535	2,740	5.1	5.1	5.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,265	610	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	103,865	49,515	54,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,580	35,445	39,135	71.8	71.6	72.0
English	4,170	2,160	2,010	4.0	4.4	3.7
French	7,670	3,640	4,035	7.4	7.4	7.4
Non-official language	10,380	4,805	5,580	10.0	9.7	10.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,380	4,805	5,575	10.0	9.7	10.3
English and French	1,470	735	735	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,300	1,150	1,150	2.2	2.3	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	2,595	1,255	1,345	2.5	2.5	2.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	555	255	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,480	49,325	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,375	48,565	52,810	98.0	98.5	97.5
English	60,330	30,525	29,800	58.3	61.9	55.0
French	98,200	46,935	51,265	94.9	95.2	94.7
Non-official languages	61,160	28,815	32,350	59.1	58.4	59.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	61,150	28,805	32,345	59.1	58.4	59.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,620	5,845	5,775	11.2	11.8	10.7
Berber languages	3,475	1,745	1,735	3.4	3.5	3.2
Kabyle	3,315	1,660	1,655	3.2	3.4	3.1
Tamazight	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chadic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	9,970	4,990	4,980	9.6	10.1	9.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	9,960	4,980	4,980	9.6	10.1	9.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,095	980	1,115	2.0	2.0	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	860	395	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Vietnamese	1,275	595	685	1.2	1.2	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	13,035	5,635	7,395	12.6	11.4	13.7
Haitian Creole	12,370	5,325	7,050	12.0	10.8	13.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,045	915	1,135	2.0	1.9	2.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,890	15,780	17,110	31.8	32.0	31.6
Albanian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,565	745	820	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,560	745	815	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	350	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	770	380	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	260	160	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	140	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
German	210	130	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	375	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	555	275	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	270	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	270	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30,690	14,685	16,000	29.7	29.8	29.5
Catalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20,370	9,850	10,525	19.7	20.0	19.4
Portuguese	1,925	895	1,025	1.9	1.8	1.9
Romanian	1,135	535	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	9,230	4,320	4,905	8.9	8.8	9.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,125	515	605	1.1	1.0	1.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	390	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	140	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,100	480	615	1.1	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,100	480	615	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hakka	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	505	205	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	580	280	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,480	49,320	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	600	275	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	545	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	102,880	49,045	53,835	99.4	99.4	99.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,480	49,320	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,310	49,245	54,070	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,575	...	...	55.6	...	...
Renter	18,800	...	...	44.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,080	...	...	19.1	...	...
Not condominium	34,290	...	...	80.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	6,710	...	...	15.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,920	...	...	30.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,210	...	...	40.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,265	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,120	...	...	40.4	...	...
5 rooms	9,070	...	...	21.4	...	...
6 rooms	5,115	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,335	...	...	10.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,735	...	...	15.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,350	...	...	97.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,025	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,210	...	...	92.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,165	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,565	...	...	10.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,210	...	...	35.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,915	...	...	25.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,570	...	...	13.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,595	...	...	6.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,785	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	545	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,900	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,475	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,670	...	...	53.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,210	...	...	43.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,495	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	655	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,995	...	...	9.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,660	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,465	...	...	20.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,870	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,150	...	...	16.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,735	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,845	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,655	...	...	82.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,570	...	...	17.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,085	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,375	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,275	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,925	...	...	16.3	...	...
Not suitable only	2,690	...	...	6.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,735	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	445	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,105	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,150	...	...	7.5	...	...
Not in core need	38,590	...	...	92.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	...	...	58.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,322	...	...	1,322	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	428,000	...	...	428,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	459,600	...	...	459,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,800	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	901	...	...	901	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,480	49,325	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	390	175	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	385	175	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	310	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	810	380	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	795	375	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	730	345	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,280	48,765	53,510	98.8	98.9	98.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,475	49,320	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,005	44,765	49,245	90.8	90.8	90.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,725	10,130	9,595	19.1	20.5	17.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,285	34,630	39,650	71.8	70.2	73.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,475	4,565	4,915	9.2	9.3	9.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,475	49,320	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	63,925	30,795	33,130	61.8	62.4	61.2
Immigrants⁸¹	37,105	17,210	19,890	35.9	34.9	36.7
Before 1980	9,700	4,425	5,270	9.4	9.0	9.7
1980 to 1990	4,640	2,205	2,435	4.5	4.5	4.5
1991 to 2000	5,535	2,590	2,945	5.3	5.3	5.4
2001 to 2010	8,155	3,815	4,340	7.9	7.7	8.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,075	4,185	4,895	8.8	8.5	9.0
2011 to 2015	5,245	2,385	2,855	5.1	4.8	5.3
2016 to 2021	3,835	1,800	2,040	3.7	3.6	3.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,450	1,320	1,135	2.4	2.7	2.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	37,105	17,210	19,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,690	1,730	1,960	9.9	10.1	9.9
5 to 14 years	6,995	3,250	3,740	18.9	18.9	18.8
15 to 24 years	8,190	3,490	4,695	22.1	20.3	23.6
25 to 44 years	15,845	7,670	8,170	42.7	44.6	41.1
45 years and over	2,395	1,065	1,330	6.5	6.2	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	37,105	17,210	19,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	13,385	5,850	7,535	36.1	34.0	37.9
Brazil	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	385	145	240	1.0	0.8	1.2
El Salvador	490	260	230	1.3	1.5	1.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	9,045	3,810	5,235	24.4	22.1	26.3
Jamaica	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	305	135	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Peru	600	250	345	1.6	1.5	1.7
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	510	230	275	1.4	1.3	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,920	955	965	5.2	5.5	4.9
Europe	10,380	4,925	5,455	28.0	28.6	27.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	725	350	375	2.0	2.0	1.9
Germany	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greece	55	45	15	0.1	0.3	0.1
Hungary	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	6,470	3,060	3,405	17.4	17.8	17.1
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Poland	220	105	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portugal	825	380	440	2.2	2.2	2.2
Romania	560	270	290	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian Federation	125	45	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	30	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Europe	970	465	505	2.6	2.7	2.5
Africa	9,915	4,875	5,040	26.7	28.3	25.3
Algeria	5,510	2,755	2,755	14.8	16.0	13.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	370	165	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
Egypt	135	55	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,975	995	980	5.3	5.8	4.9
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,900	895	1,005	5.1	5.2	5.1
Asia	3,410	1,560	1,845	9.2	9.1	9.3
Afghanistan	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	430	225	205	1.2	1.3	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkey	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	400	160	240	1.1	0.9	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Philippines	75	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	840	365	480	2.3	2.1	2.4
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistan	75	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lanka	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	975	460	515	2.6	2.7	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,835	1,795	2,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,135	560	570	29.6	31.2	27.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	65	30	35	1.7	1.7	1.7
Haiti	800	395	405	20.9	22.0	19.9
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.5
United States of America	70	30	40	1.8	1.7	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	25	25	1.3	1.4	1.2
Other places of birth in Americas	115	60	60	3.0	3.3	2.9
Europe	315	160	155	8.2	8.9	7.6
France	70	35	35	1.8	1.9	1.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	30	25	1.6	1.7	1.2
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	15	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	160	85	75	4.2	4.7	3.7
Africa	2,240	1,030	1,205	58.4	57.4	59.1
Algeria	1,210	575	640	31.6	32.0	31.4
Burundi	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.7
Cameroon	170	85	75	4.4	4.7	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	95	15	80	2.5	0.8	3.9
Côte d'Ivoire	55	25	25	1.4	1.4	1.2
Egypt	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	260	120	140	6.8	6.7	6.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	240	95	145	6.3	5.3	7.1
Other places of birth in Africa	155	80	75	4.0	4.5	3.7
Asia	140	45	100	3.7	2.5	4.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	30	0.8	0.0	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	10	20	0.8	0.6	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	25	0.8	0.8	1.2
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Australia	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,480	49,320	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	40,145	18,800	21,350	38.8	38.1	39.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,265	14,450	14,820	28.3	29.3	27.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,065	16,075	17,990	32.9	32.6	33.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	27,405	12,790	14,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,470	6,870	6,595	49.2	53.7	45.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,155	3,650	2,500	22.5	28.5	17.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,315	3,220	4,095	26.7	25.2	28.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,170	3,560	5,610	33.5	27.8	38.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,260	2,095	2,165	15.5	16.4	14.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	510	265	245	1.9	2.1	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	27,405	12,790	14,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,920	1,395	1,515	10.7	10.9	10.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,795	980	815	6.5	7.7	5.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	280	145	135	1.0	1.1	0.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	475	250	225	1.7	2.0	1.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	605	280	325	2.2	2.2	2.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	21,335	9,735	11,605	77.9	76.1	79.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,480	49,325	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	39,790	18,830	20,960	38.5	38.2	38.7
South Asian	500	240	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese	1,000	435	560	1.0	0.9	1.0
Black	20,825	9,500	11,325	20.1	19.3	20.9
Filipino	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	8,670	4,405	4,265	8.4	8.9	7.9
Latin American	5,145	2,505	2,635	5.0	5.1	4.9
Southeast Asian	2,355	1,100	1,260	2.3	2.2	2.3
West Asian	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	700	350	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	63,690	30,495	33,200	61.5	61.8	61.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,480	49,325	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,770	5,935	6,835	12.3	12.0	12.6
English	750	370	385	0.7	0.8	0.7
Irish	2,060	920	1,135	2.0	1.9	2.1
Scottish	745	320	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,590	4,600	4,995	9.3	9.3	9.2
German	660	300	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese	1,490	675	810	1.4	1.4	1.5
Italian	24,020	11,875	12,135	23.2	24.1	22.4
Indian (India)	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	435	170	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Dutch	120	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Polish	610	295	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Québécois	5,370	2,530	2,845	5.2	5.1	5.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	2,830	1,235	1,595	2.7	2.5	2.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	615	290	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis	155	75	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	755	375	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,985	940	1,045	1.9	1.9	1.9
American	345	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	1,645	875	770	1.6	1.8	1.4
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	275	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Acadian	335	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,380	1,055	1,325	2.3	2.1	2.4
Jewish	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,355	620	735	1.3	1.3	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,995	1,530	1,460	2.9	3.1	2.7
Greek	670	335	335	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	890	415	465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	990	480	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
Iranian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	745	360	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	14,670	6,565	8,095	14.2	13.3	14.9
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	565	260	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	255	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	895	485	410	0.9	1.0	0.8
Tamil	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	615	270	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	2,105	1,060	1,050	2.0	2.1	1.9
Czech	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	250	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	610	310	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	4,445	2,225	2,215	4.3	4.5	4.1
Brazilian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	845	455	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
African Caribbean	525	240	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	395	165	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquin	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	470	255	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Congolese	700	305	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	250	125	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Peruvian	715	335	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Yoruba	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	980	450	540	0.9	0.9	1.0
Berber	2,250	1,170	1,085	2.2	2.4	2.0
Albanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	175	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	655	315	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	375	190	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Guatemalan	590	310	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	1,565	750	815	1.5	1.5	1.5
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	310	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	320	175	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Huron (Wendat)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Norman	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mauritian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	115	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Honduran	140	75	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	155	75	85	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,480	49,325	54,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,715	780	940	1.7	1.6	1.7
Christian	71,415	32,965	38,450	69.0	66.8	71.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,415	3,535	3,880	7.2	7.2	7.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	1,650	740	910	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	53,825	24,915	28,910	52.0	50.5	53.4
Christian Orthodox	1,920	895	1,025	1.9	1.8	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	890	355	540	0.9	0.7	1.0
Latter Day Saints	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,520	655	865	1.5	1.3	1.6
Presbyterian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,730	1,650	2,080	3.6	3.3	3.8
Hindu	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	13,220	6,585	6,640	12.8	13.4	12.3
Sikh	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	300	120	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	16,500	8,715	7,785	15.9	17.7	14.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,540	48,810	53,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,865	45,045	49,820	92.5	92.3	92.7
Movers	7,675	3,770	3,905	7.5	7.7	7.3
Non-migrants	6,265	3,065	3,200	6.1	6.3	6.0
Migrants	1,410	705	705	1.4	1.4	1.3
Internal migrants	880	465	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
Intraprovincial migrants	780	415	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
Interprovincial migrants	95	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	525	240	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,210	46,645	51,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,405	31,440	34,965	67.6	67.4	67.8
Movers	31,800	15,205	16,600	32.4	32.6	32.2
Non-migrants	22,530	10,600	11,925	22.9	22.7	23.1
Migrants	9,280	4,605	4,675	9.4	9.9	9.1
Internal migrants	4,470	2,210	2,265	4.6	4.7	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,160	2,075	2,090	4.2	4.4	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	310	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	4,810	2,400	2,415	4.9	5.1	4.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,550	40,175	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,160	9,545	10,610	23.6	23.8	23.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,390	30,630	34,760	76.4	76.2	76.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,045	25,405	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,920	4,125	3,795	14.9	16.2	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,125	21,280	23,845	85.1	83.8	86.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,975	8,325	9,650	21.0	20.7	21.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,340	9,425	9,915	22.6	23.5	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,235	22,430	25,805	56.4	55.8	56.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,965	14,775	16,190	36.2	36.8	35.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,465	6,665	5,800	14.6	16.6	12.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,145	4,365	4,780	10.7	10.9	10.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,315	2,300	1,020	3.9	5.7	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,825	6,480	8,345	17.3	16.1	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,675	1,620	2,055	4.3	4.0	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,265	7,655	9,610	20.2	19.1	21.2
Bachelor's degree	11,680	5,020	6,650	13.7	12.5	14.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,015	840	1,175	2.4	2.1	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	150	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	2,770	1,410	1,355	3.2	3.5	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	435	225	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,045	25,405	27,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,500	3,390	3,110	12.3	13.3	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,740	4,980	4,765	18.4	19.6	17.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,810	17,035	19,775	69.4	67.1	71.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,445	10,800	11,640	42.3	42.5	42.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,390	4,870	4,515	17.7	19.2	16.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,925	3,235	3,695	13.1	12.7	13.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,465	1,640	825	4.6	6.5	3.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,355	4,685	5,670	19.5	18.4	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,700	1,250	1,455	5.1	4.9	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,365	6,235	8,130	27.1	24.5	29.4
Bachelor's degree	9,675	4,130	5,545	18.2	16.3	20.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,680	675	1,000	3.2	2.7	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	100	200	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	2,355	1,165	1,190	4.4	4.6	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360	170	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,315	17,750	19,565	43.6	44.2	43.1
Education	3,070	645	2,425	3.6	1.6	5.3
13. Education	3,070	645	2,425	3.6	1.6	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,560	740	820	1.8	1.8	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	165	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,345	575	770	1.6	1.4	1.7
Humanities	2,430	860	1,570	2.8	2.1	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	530	100	425	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	175	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,115	435	675	1.3	1.1	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	160	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	275	60	215	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,465	1,665	3,795	6.4	4.1	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	140	250	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,365	130	1,235	1.6	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	995	305	690	1.2	0.8	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	610	135	475	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,960	945	1,015	2.3	2.4	2.2
Business, management and public administration	12,345	4,920	7,425	14.4	12.2	16.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	495	135	355	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,845	4,775	7,065	13.8	11.9	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,760	905	860	2.1	2.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	585	240	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	150	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	540	345	190	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,560	1,820	740	3.0	4.5	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,210	1,660	555	2.6	4.1	1.2
25. Library science	110	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	220	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,605	7,810	795	10.1	19.4	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	315	240	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	2,155	1,740	410	2.5	4.3	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,710	1,555	160	2.0	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,860	1,795	65	2.2	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,640	1,595	45	1.9	4.0	0.1
48. Precision production	920	885	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	435	260	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	355	215	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	6,945	1,190	5,760	8.1	3.0	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,530	980	5,545	7.6	2.4	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,055	1,620	1,440	3.6	4.0	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,800	525	1,270	2.1	1.3	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	600	495	105	0.7	1.2	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	650	585	60	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,045	25,405	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,240	8,370	7,870	30.6	32.9	28.5
Education	2,125	410	1,715	4.0	1.6	6.2
13. Education	2,125	410	1,715	4.0	1.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,170	535	635	2.2	2.1	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	135	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,000	400	595	1.9	1.6	2.2
Humanities	1,615	555	1,060	3.0	2.2	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	450	90	365	0.8	0.4	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	135	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	640	245	395	1.2	1.0	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	40	150	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260	1,220	3,040	8.0	4.8	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305	90	215	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,090	70	1,020	2.1	0.3	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	800	240	560	1.5	0.9	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	420	95	325	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,530	715	815	2.9	2.8	2.9
Business, management and public administration	9,760	3,920	5,835	18.4	15.4	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	110	250	0.7	0.4	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,390	3,800	5,585	17.7	15.0	20.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,120	545	575	2.1	2.1	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	480	205	280	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	370	225	140	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,180	1,550	630	4.1	6.1	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,910	1,430	475	3.6	5.6	1.7
25. Library science	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	95	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,615	5,930	685	12.5	23.3	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	260	190	65	0.5	0.7	0.2
14. Engineering	1,850	1,490	365	3.5	5.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,165	130	2.4	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,360	1,310	50	2.6	5.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,270	1,230	40	2.4	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	585	550	35	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	210	145	0.7	0.8	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290	170	115	0.5	0.7	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,290	930	4,355	10.0	3.7	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,965	790	4,180	9.4	3.1	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,315	1,225	1,090	4.4	4.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,340	365	975	2.5	1.4	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	460	385	75	0.9	1.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	460	35	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,045	25,405	27,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,240	8,370	7,870	30.6	32.9	28.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,805	17,040	19,770	69.4	67.1	71.5
Location of study inside Canada	29,600	13,435	16,165	55.8	52.9	58.5
Same as province or territory of residence	29,115	13,185	15,930	54.9	51.9	57.6
Different than province or territory of residence	480	250	230	0.9	1.0	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,210	3,605	3,610	13.6	14.2	13.1
Americas	1,830	900	925	3.4	3.5	3.3
United States of America	205	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cuba	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	855	435	420	1.6	1.7	1.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	125	65	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Peru	105	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	170	105	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Europe	1,450	820	630	2.7	3.2	2.3
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	500	280	220	0.9	1.1	0.8
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	175	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	230	145	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
Russian Federation	85	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	195	110	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Africa	3,485	1,705	1,780	6.6	6.7	6.4
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	2,260	1,070	1,190	4.3	4.2	4.3
Morocco	545	265	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
Tunisia	280	150	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Egypt	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	350	195	155	0.7	0.8	0.6
Asia	435	175	255	0.8	0.7	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,550	40,180	45,370	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,160	26,665	26,500	...	...	...
Employed	48,590	24,305	24,280	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,575	2,360	2,215	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,390	13,515	18,875	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.1	66.4	58.4	62.1	66.4	58.4
Employment rate	56.8	60.5	53.5	56.8	60.5	53.5
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.9	8.4	8.6	8.9	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,545	40,180	45,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,015	13,710	19,305	38.6	34.1	42.6
Worked	52,530	26,465	26,065	61.4	65.9	57.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,655	14,620	13,035	32.3	36.4	28.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,875	11,845	13,030	29.1	29.5	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.4	40.4	40.9	41.4	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,160	26,665	26,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,400	605	795	2.6	2.3	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,760	26,060	25,700	97.4	97.7	97.0
Employee	46,625	22,580	24,045	87.7	84.7	90.8
Permanent position	39,745	19,580	20,170	74.8	73.4	76.1
Temporary position	6,880	3,005	3,875	12.9	11.3	14.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,615	1,055	1,565	4.9	4.0	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,260	1,945	2,310	8.0	7.3	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,135	3,475	1,660	9.7	13.0	6.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,160	26,665	26,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,400	605	795	2.6	2.3	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,760	26,060	25,700	97.4	97.7	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	600	460	140	1.1	1.7	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,405	3,535	6,875	19.6	13.3	25.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,535	2,805	725	6.6	10.5	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,090	980	4,110	9.6	3.7	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,245	1,480	4,760	11.7	5.6	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,130	600	525	2.1	2.3	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,715	7,315	7,400	27.7	27.4	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,375	6,845	530	13.9	25.7	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	360	335	25	0.7	1.3	0.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,310	1,700	610	4.3	6.4	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,160	26,665	26,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,400	605	795	2.6	2.3	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	51,760	26,060	25,700	97.4	97.7	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	95	40	0.2	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	240	165	75	0.5	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	2,885	2,455	430	5.4	9.2	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	5,105	3,460	1,650	9.6	13.0	6.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,145	1,335	810	4.0	5.0	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,455	3,090	3,365	12.1	11.6	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,045	2,480	565	5.7	9.3	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,010	665	340	1.9	2.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,050	1,360	1,690	5.7	5.1	6.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	935	500	435	1.8	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,375	1,900	1,475	6.3	7.1	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,050	1,935	1,115	5.7	7.3	4.2
61 Educational services	3,920	1,205	2,710	7.4	4.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	9,065	1,850	7,215	17.1	6.9	27.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	555	310	245	1.0	1.2	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,370	1,230	1,150	4.5	4.6	4.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,035	890	1,150	3.8	3.3	4.3
91 Public administration	2,270	1,090	1,180	4.3	4.1	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,900	28,150	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,770	1,920	1,850	6.7	6.8	6.7
French	29,095	14,370	14,725	52.0	51.0	53.0
Non-official language	255	125	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	125	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	20,065	10,540	9,530	35.9	37.4	34.3
English and non-official language(s)	110	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	580	290	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,015	835	1,180	3.6	3.0	4.3
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,900	28,150	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,965	25,050	24,915	89.4	89.0	89.8
Official languages	49,540	24,835	24,705	88.6	88.2	89.0
English	9,035	4,635	4,405	16.2	16.5	15.9
French	40,505	20,205	20,300	72.5	71.8	73.1
Non-official languages	425	215	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	425	215	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	205	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,935	3,095	2,840	10.6	11.0	10.2
English and French	5,370	2,850	2,520	9.6	10.1	9.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	220	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	295	110	185	0.5	0.4	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,900	28,150	27,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,580	19,300	19,280	69.0	68.6	69.5
English	10,360	5,445	4,920	18.5	19.3	17.7
French	4,900	2,510	2,390	8.8	8.9	8.6
Non-official language	740	345	400	1.3	1.2	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	740	345	400	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	815	295	520	1.5	1.0	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	420	225	195	0.8	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,585	24,310	24,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,210	4,320	4,890	19.0	17.8	20.1
Worked outside Canada	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,720	3,985	1,735	11.8	16.4	7.1
Usual place of work	33,575	15,940	17,635	69.1	65.6	72.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,575	15,940	17,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,210	12,660	15,560	84.0	79.4	88.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,525	945	580	4.5	5.9	3.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,790	2,295	1,495	11.3	14.4	8.5
Commute to a different province or territory	50	45	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,295	19,925	19,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,160	16,070	13,090	74.2	80.7	67.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,450	15,515	11,935	69.9	77.9	61.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,715	555	1,155	4.4	2.8	6.0
Public transit	7,935	2,800	5,130	20.2	14.1	26.5
Walked	1,395	600	800	3.6	3.0	4.1
Bicycle	250	190	55	0.6	1.0	0.3
Other method	555	260	290	1.4	1.3	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,295	19,925	19,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,975	3,935	4,045	20.3	19.7	20.9
15 to 29 minutes	12,175	6,200	5,970	31.0	31.1	30.8
30 to 44 minutes	9,610	5,260	4,355	24.5	26.4	22.5
45 to 59 minutes	4,615	2,250	2,370	11.7	11.3	12.2
60 minutes and over	4,910	2,280	2,630	12.5	11.4	13.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,295	19,925	19,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,085	2,295	790	7.9	11.5	4.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,275	4,195	3,075	18.5	21.1	15.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,405	4,640	5,765	26.5	23.3	29.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,970	2,800	4,165	17.7	14.1	21.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,665	2,025	2,640	11.9	10.2	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,900	3,965	2,930	17.6	19.9	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,935	11,195	10,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,980	3,070	2,910	27.3	27.4	27.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,960	8,120	7,835	72.8	72.5	73.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,345	8,330	8,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,670	2,415	2,250	28.6	29.0	28.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,060	2,085	1,975	24.8	25.0	24.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	610	335	275	3.7	4.0	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,675	5,915	5,760	71.4	71.0	71.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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