Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	GranbyMore information: Quebec [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	90,833	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,056	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,360	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,097	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	183.8	...	...	183.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	494.10	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	90,835	44,645	46,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,445	7,415	7,030	15.9	16.6	15.2
0 to 4 years	4,215	2,165	2,050	4.6	4.8	4.4
5 to 9 years	5,005	2,540	2,470	5.5	5.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,225	2,715	2,515	5.8	6.1	5.4
15 to 64 years	54,475	27,270	27,205	60.0	61.1	58.9
15 to 19 years	4,535	2,320	2,215	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	3,965	2,055	1,910	4.4	4.6	4.1
25 to 29 years	4,525	2,305	2,220	5.0	5.2	4.8
30 to 34 years	4,915	2,485	2,430	5.4	5.6	5.3
35 to 39 years	5,235	2,670	2,565	5.8	6.0	5.6
40 to 44 years	5,755	2,890	2,865	6.3	6.5	6.2
45 to 49 years	5,100	2,600	2,505	5.6	5.8	5.4
50 to 54 years	5,355	2,655	2,700	5.9	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,185	3,485	3,700	7.9	7.8	8.0
60 to 64 years	7,900	3,800	4,090	8.7	8.5	8.9
65 years and over	21,915	9,960	11,955	24.1	22.3	25.9
65 to 69 years	6,865	3,265	3,595	7.6	7.3	7.8
70 to 74 years	5,870	2,850	3,015	6.5	6.4	6.5
75 to 79 years	4,150	1,895	2,255	4.6	4.2	4.9
80 to 84 years	2,565	1,135	1,430	2.8	2.5	3.1
85 years and over	2,475	810	1,660	2.7	1.8	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,590	550	1,035	1.8	1.2	2.2
90 to 94 years	710	215	500	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	165	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.6	15.2	15.9	16.6	15.2
15 to 64 years	60.0	61.1	58.9	60.0	61.1	58.9
65 years and over	24.1	22.3	25.9	24.1	22.3	25.9
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.7	1.8	3.6
Average age of the population	44.9	43.7	46.0	44.9	43.7	46.0
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	48.8	46.8	45.2	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,520	...	...	45.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,125	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	580	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,575	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,470	...	...	35.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	520	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	505	...	...	1.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	815	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,680	...	...	35.7	...	...
2 persons	15,480	...	...	37.7	...	...
3 persons	4,575	...	...	11.1	...	...
4 persons	4,065	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,295	...	...	5.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	88,250	43,725	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	76,390	37,225	39,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	44,045	22,005	22,040	57.7	59.1	56.3
Married	22,805	11,390	11,415	29.9	30.6	29.1
Living common-law	21,240	10,615	10,625	27.8	28.5	27.1
Living common law - Never married	16,060	7,970	8,090	21.0	21.4	20.7
Living common law - Separated	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,465	2,300	2,165	5.8	6.2	5.5
Living common law - Widowed	535	245	285	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	32,345	15,225	17,120	42.3	40.9	43.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,580	11,265	9,320	26.9	30.3	23.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	915	425	485	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,235	2,435	3,800	8.2	6.5	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,615	1,095	3,520	6.0	2.9	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,315	...	...	60.0	...	...
3 persons	4,355	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	3,915	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,960	...	...	7.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,630	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	11,005	...	...	43.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,490	...	...	13.7	...	...
Without children	7,520	...	...	29.4	...	...
Common-law couples	10,620	...	...	41.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,075	...	...	19.9	...	...
Without children	5,545	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,915	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,715	...	...	10.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,200	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	88,250	43,720	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,900	34,870	35,035	79.2	79.8	78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	43,255	21,605	21,650	49.0	49.4	48.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,910	1,195	2,720	4.4	2.7	6.1
Children⁶	22,730	12,065	10,665	25.8	27.6	24.0
In a two-parent family	16,545	8,730	7,810	18.7	20.0	17.5
In a one-parent family	6,190	3,330	2,855	7.0	7.6	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,350	8,855	9,495	20.8	20.3	21.3
Living alone	14,685	6,830	7,850	16.6	15.6	17.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,360	630	730	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,310	1,395	915	2.6	3.2	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,060	...	...	58.5	...	...
Couple-family households	20,620	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,135	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	12,490	...	...	30.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,440	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	705	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,155	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	14,680	...	...	35.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	73,825	36,315	37,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,650	35,730	36,915	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	40,000	44,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,660	35,740	36,920	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,400	35,600	39,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,460	32,850	32,610	88.7	90.5	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,800	26,200	32,000	38,800	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,275	26,730	24,545	69.5	73.6	65.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,600	29,400	34,400	39,600	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,730	28,655	32,075	82.3	78.9	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	10,700	13,300	12,300	10,700	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,170	4,790	4,385	12.4	13.2	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,880	5,040	5,000	4,880	5,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,970	10,885	10,085	28.4	30.0	26.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,665	35,675	36,990	98.4	98.3	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,960	57,900	42,320	49,960	57,900	42,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,690	35,685	37,005	98.5	98.3	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	45,920	36,240	41,000	45,920	36,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,365	32,720	32,645	88.5	90.2	87.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,640	52,950	34,320	43,640	52,950	34,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,275	26,680	24,595	69.5	73.5	65.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	51,550	36,000	44,080	51,550	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,810	28,780	32,030	82.4	79.3	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,610	13,880	12,800	11,610	13,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,030	4,630	4,400	12.2	12.8	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,475	6,960	6,200	5,475	6,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,720	10,820	9,900	28.1	29.8	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,540	7,090	8,040	7,540	7,090	8,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,010	13,360	10,650	32.5	36.8	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,400	48,400	53,600	58,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	74,900	56,150	66,600	74,900	56,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,050	10,065	10,985	28.5	27.7	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,000	16,600	19,000	22,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	33,040	22,840	27,720	33,040	22,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.6	83.8	71.6	78.6	83.8	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.3	66.6	56.6	62.3	66.6	56.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.4	16.2	28.4	21.4	16.2	28.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	2.0	1.5	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.3	6.2	5.1	4.3	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.7	5.1	4.3	3.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	73,825	36,315	37,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,180	585	595	1.6	1.6	1.6
With total income	72,645	35,730	36,915	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,240	1,800	2,445	5.8	5.0	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,915	3,445	5,465	12.3	9.6	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,740	5,550	7,190	17.5	15.5	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,290	4,705	5,590	14.2	13.2	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,865	4,865	5,000	13.6	13.6	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,855	4,025	3,830	10.8	11.3	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,595	3,175	2,415	7.7	8.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,875	2,285	1,585	5.3	6.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,710	1,585	1,120	3.7	4.4	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	1,055	735	2.5	3.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,780	3,235	1,540	6.6	9.1	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	3,200	2,095	1,105	4.4	5.9	3.0
$150,000 and over	1,570	1,140	435	2.2	3.2	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	73,825	36,315	37,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,160	575	590	1.6	1.6	1.6
With after-tax income	72,665	35,745	36,920	98.4	98.4	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,635	1,910	2,725	6.4	5.3	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,405	3,695	5,705	12.9	10.3	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,980	6,605	8,380	20.6	18.5	22.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,075	6,330	6,750	18.0	17.7	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,430	5,980	5,445	15.7	16.7	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,445	4,195	3,250	10.2	11.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,570	2,560	2,010	6.3	7.2	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,715	1,530	1,185	3.7	4.3	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490	915	575	2.1	2.6	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	840	550	295	1.2	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,070	1,465	605	2.8	4.1	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,015	685	325	1.4	1.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,060	775	280	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	73,825	36,315	37,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,550	9,585	12,965	30.5	26.4	34.6
With employment income	51,275	26,730	24,545	69.5	73.6	65.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,175	3,680	3,500	14.0	13.8	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,120	1,845	2,275	8.0	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,235	2,685	3,545	12.2	10.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,565	2,435	3,135	10.9	9.1	12.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,850	2,805	3,050	11.4	10.5	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,550	2,890	2,660	10.8	10.8	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,445	2,520	1,930	8.7	9.4	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,310	2,085	1,220	6.5	7.8	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,470	1,535	935	4.8	5.7	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,960	1,100	855	3.8	4.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,190	765	425	2.3	2.9	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,400	2,380	1,020	6.6	8.9	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,605	1,100	505	3.1	4.1	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,800	1,280	515	3.5	4.8	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	73,825	36,315	37,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,830	35,330	36,500	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	33,200	38,000	43,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,870	35,340	36,530	97.4	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,000	33,600	37,200	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,730	32,560	32,175	87.7	89.7	85.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	28,200	33,600	40,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,815	26,890	24,930	70.2	74.0	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	30,200	35,200	40,800	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,685	25,080	29,610	74.1	69.1	78.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,900	10,500	9,200	7,900	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,010	4,170	3,835	10.8	11.5	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,440	4,760	4,600	4,440	4,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,935	35,335	36,600	97.4	97.4	97.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,150	39,960	47,440	55,150	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,945	35,335	36,605	97.5	97.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,760	43,760	33,920	38,760	43,760	33,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,850	32,605	32,250	87.8	89.8	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,750	35,160	44,000	52,750	35,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,925	26,915	25,005	70.3	74.2	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	50,720	36,080	43,680	50,720	36,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,860	25,255	29,605	74.3	69.6	78.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,120	11,120	10,200	9,120	11,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,950	4,080	3,875	10.8	11.2	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,275	5,500	7,090	6,275	5,500	7,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,895	13,325	10,565	32.4	36.7	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	56,000	44,800	50,800	56,000	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,700	69,100	52,350	61,700	69,100	52,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,150	9,655	10,490	27.3	26.6	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,200	21,200	24,000	28,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,320	38,400	26,720	32,320	38,400	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	88.2	77.6	83.6	88.2	77.6
Employment income (%)	66.4	70.0	61.7	66.4	70.0	61.7
Government transfers (%)	16.4	11.8	22.5	16.4	11.8	22.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,680	...	...	44,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,760	...	...	37,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	530	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	885	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,690	...	...	6.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,700	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,635	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,150	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,190	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,990	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,665	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,165	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,910	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,330	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,265	...	...	29.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,460	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,830	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,815	...	...	6.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,160	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	960	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,875	...	...	7.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,095	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,120	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,625	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,580	...	...	6.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,255	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,055	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,615	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,445	...	...	20.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,815	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,085	...	...	5.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,540	...	...	6.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,990	8,225	8,765	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,600	33,600	36,400	39,600	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	30,600	32,800	34,800	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...	144,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,300	...	...	117,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...	75,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,990	8,170	8,820	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,760	46,800	40,920	43,760	46,800	40,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,040	38,720	35,520	37,040	38,720	35,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	88,250	43,725	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,200	8,830	8,375	19.5	20.2	18.8
0 to 5 years	5,175	2,675	2,500	5.9	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years	51,310	25,600	25,705	58.1	58.5	57.7
65 years and over	19,735	9,295	10,445	22.4	21.3	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,210	4,520	5,695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,560	790	770	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	520	265	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,680	2,225	2,455	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,975	1,510	2,470	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	10.3	12.8	11.6	10.3	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	8.9	9.2	9.1	8.9	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.1	9.9	10.2	10.1	9.9	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.7	9.6	9.1	8.7	9.6
65 years and over (%)	20.1	16.2	23.6	20.1	16.2	23.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	88,250	43,720	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,205	8,825	8,375	19.5	20.2	18.8
0 to 5 years	5,175	2,680	2,495	5.9	6.1	5.6
18 to 64 years	51,305	25,600	25,710	58.1	58.6	57.7
65 years and over	19,740	9,295	10,445	22.4	21.3	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,750	1,400	1,345	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	170	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,090	1,100	990	...	...	...
65 years and over	300	135	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	88,250	43,725	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,745	25,505	27,240	59.8	58.3	61.2
In bottom decile	8,280	3,725	4,550	9.4	8.5	10.2
In second decile	11,150	5,230	5,925	12.6	12.0	13.3
In third decile	11,260	5,525	5,735	12.8	12.6	12.9
In fourth decile	11,335	5,645	5,690	12.8	12.9	12.8
In fifth decile	10,725	5,380	5,345	12.2	12.3	12.0
In top half of the distribution	35,500	18,220	17,285	40.2	41.7	38.8
In sixth decile	9,550	4,825	4,725	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	8,450	4,360	4,090	9.6	10.0	9.2
In eighth decile	7,220	3,705	3,515	8.2	8.5	7.9
In ninth decile	5,710	2,945	2,760	6.5	6.7	6.2
In top decile	4,570	2,370	2,195	5.2	5.4	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	88,250	...	...	88,250	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.457	...	...	0.457	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	89,445	44,250	45,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	470	265	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
French only	52,660	24,540	28,120	58.9	55.5	62.2
English and French	35,970	19,260	16,710	40.2	43.5	37.0
Neither English nor French	345	180	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	89,445	44,250	45,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,675	1,400	1,275	3.0	3.2	2.8
French	85,520	42,180	43,340	95.6	95.3	95.9
English and French	930	505	425	1.0	1.1	0.9
Neither English nor French	320	170	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	89,445	44,250	45,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,980	43,505	44,480	98.4	98.3	98.4
Official languages	84,500	41,695	42,805	94.5	94.2	94.7
English	2,255	1,180	1,075	2.5	2.7	2.4
French	82,240	40,515	41,730	91.9	91.6	92.3
Non-official languages	3,485	1,810	1,675	3.9	4.1	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,480	1,810	1,670	3.9	4.1	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	270	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	435	250	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	430	245	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,205	1,135	1,075	2.5	2.6	2.4
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	240	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,535	785	750	1.7	1.8	1.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,275	640	640	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	365	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,460	745	715	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	970	500	475	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	340	170	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	89,445	44,250	45,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,200	640	560	1.3	1.4	1.2
French	80,425	39,590	40,840	89.9	89.5	90.4
Non-official language	1,075	575	505	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,075	575	505	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	3,970	2,065	1,905	4.4	4.7	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,830	915	915	2.0	2.1	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	755	370	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	89,445	44,250	45,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,845	43,475	44,370	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	85,835	42,420	43,410	96.0	95.9	96.1
English	1,920	1,000	915	2.1	2.3	2.0
French	83,920	41,425	42,495	93.8	93.6	94.0
Non-official languages	2,010	1,050	955	2.2	2.4	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,010	1,050	955	2.2	2.4	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,335	705	635	1.5	1.6	1.4
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	980	525	460	1.1	1.2	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	875	465	410	1.0	1.1	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,600	770	825	1.8	1.7	1.8
English and French	930	455	475	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	495	230	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	89,445	44,245	45,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,090	41,470	42,620	94.0	93.7	94.3
English	2,625	1,390	1,230	2.9	3.1	2.7
French	1,260	640	620	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official language	860	445	415	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	855	445	415	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	88,250	43,725	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	87,920	43,570	44,345	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	36,190	19,435	16,755	41.0	44.4	37.6
French	87,505	43,385	44,115	99.2	99.2	99.1
Non-official languages	6,650	3,330	3,325	7.5	7.6	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,640	3,330	3,315	7.5	7.6	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	635	370	270	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	595	340	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	590	335	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	200	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,925	2,360	2,560	5.6	5.4	5.7
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	170	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	310	170	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	95	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	370	200	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	355	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,975	1,865	2,110	4.5	4.3	4.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	325	155	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	165	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,485	1,625	1,860	3.9	3.7	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	475	240	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	245	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	88,250	43,725	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,595	735	860	1.8	1.7	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,435	660	780	1.6	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,070	495	575	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	360	165	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	86,650	42,985	43,670	98.2	98.3	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	88,250	43,725	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	250	105	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	88,000	43,615	44,380	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,650	...	...	60.0	...	...
Renter	16,450	...	...	40.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,425	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not condominium	36,675	...	...	89.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,115	...	...	12.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,700	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,580	...	...	33.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,465	...	...	18.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,750	...	...	35.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,525	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	4,610	...	...	11.2	...	...
7 rooms	4,400	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,810	...	...	23.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,865	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,245	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	850	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,930	...	...	16.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,520	...	...	25.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,760	...	...	16.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,095	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,920	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,290	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,840	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,735	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,220	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,880	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,630	...	...	55.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,785	...	...	43.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	675	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,135	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,780	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,575	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,325	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,255	...	...	22.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,990	...	...	19.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,955	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,080	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,960	...	...	85.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,820	...	...	14.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,445	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,135	...	...	19.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,465	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not suitable only	745	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,510	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,965	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,365	...	...	3.4	...	...
Not in core need	39,045	...	...	96.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,455	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.5	...	...	62.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	336,000	...	...	336,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,405	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	710	...	...	710	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	783	...	...	783	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	88,250	43,720	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,645	745	895	1.9	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,635	745	890	1.9	1.7	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,405	630	770	1.6	1.4	1.7
Métis single ancestry	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,915	905	1,010	2.2	2.1	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,915	900	1,010	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,755	835	920	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,690	42,070	42,620	96.0	96.2	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	88,245	43,720	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,095	42,610	43,485	97.6	97.5	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,570	8,530	8,035	18.8	19.5	18.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,525	34,075	35,450	78.8	77.9	79.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,150	1,115	1,040	2.4	2.6	2.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	88,245	43,720	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,155	41,070	42,085	94.2	93.9	94.5
Immigrants⁸¹	4,420	2,285	2,130	5.0	5.2	4.8
Before 1980	725	395	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
1980 to 1990	275	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	475	235	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,310	675	635	1.5	1.5	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,630	830	800	1.8	1.9	1.8
2011 to 2015	690	310	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
2016 to 2021	940	525	415	1.1	1.2	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	670	370	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,420	2,285	2,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	545	270	280	12.3	11.8	13.1
5 to 14 years	775	400	370	17.5	17.5	17.4
15 to 24 years	840	455	385	19.0	19.9	18.1
25 to 44 years	1,870	995	880	42.3	43.5	41.3
45 years and over	380	170	210	8.6	7.4	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,420	2,285	2,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,325	625	705	30.0	27.4	33.1
Brazil	55	15	35	1.2	0.7	1.6
Colombia	590	275	315	13.3	12.0	14.8
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	105	60	45	2.4	2.6	2.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	85	30	50	1.9	1.3	2.3
Peru	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	210	90	120	4.8	3.9	5.6
Other places of birth in Americas	235	120	115	5.3	5.3	5.4
Europe	1,455	800	655	32.9	35.0	30.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	40	55	2.1	1.8	2.6
Croatia	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
France	725	410	320	16.4	17.9	15.0
Germany	55	40	20	1.2	1.8	0.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	40	35	1.8	1.8	1.6
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Poland	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Portugal	30	15	10	0.7	0.7	0.5
Romania	85	45	40	1.9	2.0	1.9
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	35	20	15	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	0.8	1.1	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	240	125	120	5.4	5.5	5.6
Africa	940	510	435	21.3	22.3	20.4
Algeria	140	80	60	3.2	3.5	2.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	250	130	125	5.7	5.7	5.9
Egypt	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	115	65	50	2.6	2.8	2.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	410	235	175	9.3	10.3	8.2
Asia	680	345	335	15.4	15.1	15.7
Afghanistan	150	80	70	3.4	3.5	3.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	0.6	0.4	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	35	15	1.2	1.5	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	120	70	50	2.7	3.1	2.3
Turkey	50	20	25	1.1	0.9	1.2
China⁹⁰	65	25	45	1.5	1.1	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	30	1.0	0.7	1.4
Viet Nam	40	30	15	0.9	1.3	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	35	50	1.9	1.5	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	935	520	415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	95	105	20.9	18.3	25.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	70	35	30	7.5	6.7	7.2
Haiti	35	10	20	3.7	1.9	4.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	10	25	3.7	1.9	6.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	15	5.3	5.8	3.6
Europe	160	100	65	17.1	19.2	15.7
France	135	75	60	14.4	14.4	14.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	20	0	2.1	3.8	0.0
Africa	380	215	165	40.6	41.3	39.8
Algeria	40	15	25	4.3	2.9	6.0
Burundi	25	15	10	2.7	2.9	2.4
Cameroon	25	15	10	2.7	2.9	2.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	75	50	13.4	14.4	12.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	3.7	2.9	4.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	1.1	1.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	70	35	11.8	13.5	8.4
Asia	200	115	90	21.4	22.1	21.7
Afghanistan	35	25	15	3.7	4.8	3.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.4
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	115	65	45	12.3	12.5	10.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	88,250	43,725	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,505	2,840	2,660	6.2	6.5	6.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,925	2,035	1,890	4.4	4.7	4.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,820	38,850	39,970	89.3	88.9	89.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,695	1,890	1,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,260	715	540	34.1	37.8	30.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	665	450	210	18.0	23.8	11.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	600	265	330	16.2	14.0	18.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	890	405	485	24.1	21.4	26.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,510	755	755	40.9	39.9	41.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,695	1,890	1,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	185	100	85	5.0	5.3	4.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	285	190	95	7.7	10.1	5.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	45	15	1.5	2.4	0.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	70	50	3.2	3.7	2.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30	1.4	1.1	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,005	1,480	1,530	81.3	78.3	85.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	88,250	43,725	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,095	2,050	2,045	4.6	4.7	4.6
South Asian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	190	70	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	1,285	665	620	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	565	325	240	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	1,225	575	650	1.4	1.3	1.5
Southeast Asian	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	320	155	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,155	41,670	42,480	95.4	95.3	95.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	88,250	43,725	44,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	34,915	17,195	17,720	39.6	39.3	39.8
English	1,380	630	755	1.6	1.4	1.7
Irish	3,985	1,865	2,115	4.5	4.3	4.7
Scottish	1,265	580	690	1.4	1.3	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,120	11,070	11,055	25.1	25.3	24.8
German	1,040	555	495	1.2	1.3	1.1
Chinese	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italian	1,175	585	590	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indian (India)	120	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	410	195	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Québécois	12,100	5,910	6,190	13.7	13.5	13.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	285	120	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Filipino	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	7,740	3,880	3,865	8.8	8.9	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,490	705	780	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,625	715	910	1.8	1.6	2.0
Métis	340	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,205	655	560	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	515	250	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	495	215	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	600	280	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	290	165	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	170	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	890	445	445	1.0	1.0	1.0
Danish	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	135	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belgian	545	310	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Haitian	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	235	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	600	300	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Moroccan	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	220	115	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	45	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	205	120	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norman	115	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	88,250	43,720	44,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	60,480	29,125	31,360	68.5	66.6	70.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,840	1,980	1,855	4.4	4.5	4.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	135	65	65	0.2	0.1	0.1
Baptist	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	54,215	26,010	28,205	61.4	59.5	63.3
Christian Orthodox	155	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	280	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	235	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	875	415	460	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hindu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,160	615	540	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	26,280	13,820	12,455	29.8	31.6	28.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	87,455	43,305	44,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,600	37,515	38,080	86.4	86.6	86.3
Movers	11,860	5,790	6,070	13.6	13.4	13.7
Non-migrants	6,675	3,165	3,505	7.6	7.3	7.9
Migrants	5,185	2,625	2,560	5.9	6.1	5.8
Internal migrants	4,945	2,500	2,445	5.7	5.8	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,815	2,415	2,400	5.5	5.6	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,100	41,695	42,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,750	23,980	23,760	56.8	57.5	56.0
Movers	36,350	17,715	18,635	43.2	42.5	44.0
Non-migrants	16,430	7,875	8,555	19.5	18.9	20.2
Migrants	19,915	9,840	10,080	23.7	23.6	23.8
Internal migrants	18,720	9,210	9,510	22.3	22.1	22.4
Intraprovincial migrants	18,375	9,025	9,350	21.8	21.6	22.1
Interprovincial migrants	350	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	1,195	630	570	1.4	1.5	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,800	9,855	7,945	24.1	27.2	21.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,030	26,440	29,590	75.9	72.9	78.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,605	22,740	22,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,130	5,020	3,105	17.8	22.1	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,475	17,715	19,760	82.2	77.9	86.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,680	8,370	7,315	21.2	23.1	19.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,840	8,775	10,065	25.5	24.2	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,305	19,145	20,160	53.2	52.8	53.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,650	13,980	13,670	37.5	38.5	36.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,605	7,700	4,905	17.1	21.2	13.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,095	4,940	4,155	12.3	13.6	11.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,510	2,760	750	4.8	7.6	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,570	5,210	7,350	17.0	14.4	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,480	1,065	1,415	3.4	2.9	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,660	5,170	6,490	15.8	14.2	17.3
Bachelor's degree	7,660	3,320	4,340	10.4	9.1	11.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,140	520	620	1.5	1.4	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	380	200	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	2,200	1,010	1,190	3.0	2.8	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	120	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,605	22,735	22,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,680	4,015	2,665	14.6	17.7	11.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,170	5,065	5,105	22.3	22.3	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,755	13,660	15,100	63.1	60.1	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,810	9,960	9,845	43.4	43.8	43.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,560	5,745	3,815	21.0	25.3	16.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,010	3,725	3,285	15.4	16.4	14.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,550	2,020	535	5.6	8.9	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,790	3,625	5,165	19.3	15.9	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,455	595	865	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,950	3,700	5,255	19.6	16.3	23.0
Bachelor's degree	5,850	2,420	3,425	12.8	10.6	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	870	360	510	1.9	1.6	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	125	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	1,740	725	1,020	3.8	3.2	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	70	135	0.4	0.3	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,515	17,145	17,370	46.8	47.2	46.3
Education	3,215	670	2,550	4.4	1.8	6.8
13. Education	3,215	670	2,550	4.4	1.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	440	635	1.4	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	930	340	590	1.3	0.9	1.6
Humanities	1,935	730	1,200	2.6	2.0	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	45	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,135	420	715	1.5	1.2	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	255	65	190	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,960	825	2,130	4.0	2.3	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	90	235	0.5	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	75	780	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	520	195	325	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	505	120	385	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	625	320	310	0.8	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	9,060	3,245	5,820	12.3	8.9	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	85	410	0.7	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,555	3,155	5,400	11.6	8.7	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,070	570	495	1.4	1.6	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	160	265	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	135	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	225	150	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,045	660	390	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	900	625	270	1.2	1.7	0.7
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,560	8,805	760	12.9	24.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,345	1,155	190	1.8	3.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,080	1,815	270	2.8	5.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,120	2,075	45	2.9	5.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,825	1,770	55	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,990	1,875	120	2.7	5.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	625	465	1.5	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	925	535	395	1.3	1.5	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	5,075	1,015	4,055	6.9	2.8	10.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,605	765	3,835	6.2	2.1	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,220	1,565	1,655	4.4	4.3	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,890	465	1,430	2.6	1.3	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	595	460	130	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	720	625	95	1.0	1.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,605	22,740	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,845	9,075	7,770	36.9	39.9	34.0
Education	2,035	375	1,655	4.5	1.6	7.2
13. Education	2,035	375	1,655	4.5	1.6	7.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	770	300	470	1.7	1.3	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	665	235	430	1.5	1.0	1.9
Humanities	1,190	485	705	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	25	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	300	385	1.5	1.3	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	30	120	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,175	500	1,680	4.8	2.2	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	65	170	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	690	15	680	1.5	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	365	120	240	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	400	65	330	0.9	0.3	1.4
45. Social sciences	430	210	220	0.9	0.9	1.0
Business, management and public administration	6,655	2,155	4,500	14.6	9.5	19.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	40	305	0.8	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,300	2,115	4,185	13.8	9.3	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	690	345	345	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	115	215	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	80	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	170	105	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	810	540	270	1.8	2.4	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	725	525	200	1.6	2.3	0.9
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,220	6,545	680	15.8	28.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	150	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,140	960	180	2.5	4.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,535	1,295	245	3.4	5.7	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,545	1,510	35	3.4	6.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,325	1,280	45	2.9	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,530	1,430	105	3.4	6.3	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	915	505	410	2.0	2.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	785	440	340	1.7	1.9	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	3,830	755	3,070	8.4	3.3	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	280	150	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,450	555	2,890	7.6	2.4	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,470	1,155	1,315	5.4	5.1	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,485	360	1,125	3.3	1.6	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	330	105	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	455	90	1.2	2.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,605	22,740	22,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,845	9,075	7,770	36.9	39.9	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	28,760	13,660	15,100	63.1	60.1	66.0
Location of study inside Canada	27,315	12,795	14,520	59.9	56.3	63.5
Same as province or territory of residence	26,895	12,570	14,330	59.0	55.3	62.7
Different than province or territory of residence	415	225	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,440	865	580	3.2	3.8	2.5
Americas	455	255	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
United States of America	130	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Cuba	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Europe	610	395	210	1.3	1.7	0.9
Belgium	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	390	250	140	0.9	1.1	0.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	250	155	95	0.5	0.7	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	80	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	73,825	36,290	37,535	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,575	23,835	21,735	...	...	...
Employed	43,145	22,510	20,635	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,420	1,325	1,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,255	12,455	15,800	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.7	65.7	57.9	61.7	65.7	57.9
Employment rate	58.4	62.0	55.0	58.4	62.0	55.0
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.6	5.1	5.3	5.6	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	73,825	36,290	37,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,120	11,865	15,260	36.7	32.7	40.7
Worked	46,705	24,425	22,275	63.3	67.3	59.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,635	13,795	10,835	33.4	38.0	28.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,070	10,635	11,440	29.9	29.3	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.4	41.0	41.7	42.4	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,570	23,840	21,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	650	325	320	1.4	1.4	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,920	23,510	21,415	98.6	98.6	98.5
Employee	38,830	20,015	18,815	85.2	84.0	86.6
Permanent position	33,415	17,525	15,885	73.3	73.5	73.1
Temporary position	5,415	2,485	2,925	11.9	10.4	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,675	660	1,015	3.7	2.8	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,735	1,820	1,910	8.2	7.6	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,095	3,500	2,600	13.4	14.7	12.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,570	23,840	21,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	650	325	320	1.4	1.4	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,920	23,510	21,415	98.6	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	875	655	220	1.9	2.7	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,825	2,110	4,715	15.0	8.9	21.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,000	2,265	740	6.6	9.5	3.4
3 Health occupations	3,365	645	2,720	7.4	2.7	12.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,800	1,195	3,600	10.5	5.0	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	530	580	2.4	2.2	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	11,590	5,085	6,500	25.4	21.3	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,005	7,390	615	17.6	31.0	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,085	820	260	2.4	3.4	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,275	2,815	1,465	9.4	11.8	6.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,570	23,840	21,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	650	325	320	1.4	1.4	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	44,920	23,510	21,415	98.6	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,105	680	425	2.4	2.9	2.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	70	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	230	185	45	0.5	0.8	0.2
23 Construction	3,075	2,700	380	6.7	11.3	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	9,195	6,375	2,815	20.2	26.7	13.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,765	1,160	595	3.9	4.9	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,685	2,775	2,905	12.5	11.6	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,475	1,150	325	3.2	4.8	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	410	245	165	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,530	525	1,000	3.4	2.2	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	485	255	230	1.1	1.1	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,370	1,265	1,105	5.2	5.3	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,745	1,095	645	3.8	4.6	3.0
61 Educational services	2,785	645	2,135	6.1	2.7	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	5,775	975	4,795	12.7	4.1	22.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,035	505	530	2.3	2.1	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,550	1,050	1,500	5.6	4.4	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,955	925	1,035	4.3	3.9	4.8
91 Public administration	1,650	905	740	3.6	3.8	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	49,390	25,710	23,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	810	540	270	1.6	2.1	1.1
French	39,540	20,130	19,415	80.1	78.3	82.0
Non-official language	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,630	4,850	3,785	17.5	18.9	16.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	49,390	25,710	23,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,325	25,065	23,255	97.8	97.5	98.2
Official languages	48,230	25,010	23,220	97.7	97.3	98.1
English	1,680	1,040	635	3.4	4.0	2.7
French	46,550	23,975	22,580	94.2	93.3	95.4
Non-official languages	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,070	645	420	2.2	2.5	1.8
English and French	1,000	615	385	2.0	2.4	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	49,390	25,710	23,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,430	21,315	20,115	83.9	82.9	84.9
English	6,825	3,775	3,055	13.8	14.7	12.9
French	885	510	375	1.8	2.0	1.6
Non-official language	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,145	22,515	20,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,310	2,990	3,315	14.6	13.3	16.1
Worked outside Canada	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,160	3,090	1,070	9.6	13.7	5.2
Usual place of work	32,635	16,400	16,235	75.6	72.8	78.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,635	16,400	16,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,680	8,730	9,950	57.2	53.2	61.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,380	1,670	1,705	10.4	10.2	10.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,545	5,965	4,585	32.3	36.4	28.2
Commute to a different province or territory	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,800	19,485	17,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,080	18,065	16,020	92.6	92.7	92.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,265	17,340	14,925	87.7	89.0	86.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,815	725	1,090	4.9	3.7	6.3
Public transit	310	115	200	0.8	0.6	1.2
Walked	1,645	845	795	4.5	4.3	4.6
Bicycle	300	250	55	0.8	1.3	0.3
Other method	460	225	245	1.3	1.2	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,800	19,485	17,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,075	8,305	8,775	46.4	42.6	50.7
15 to 29 minutes	11,790	6,080	5,710	32.0	31.2	33.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,060	2,435	1,625	11.0	12.5	9.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,970	1,300	670	5.4	6.7	3.9
60 minutes and over	1,890	1,370	525	5.1	7.0	3.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,800	19,485	17,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,260	1,780	485	6.1	9.1	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,730	4,550	2,175	18.3	23.4	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,905	5,895	6,005	32.4	30.3	34.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,980	2,715	4,265	19.0	13.9	24.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,285	1,350	1,930	8.9	6.9	11.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,635	3,190	2,445	15.3	16.4	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,495	8,980	8,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,120	1,090	1,030	12.1	12.1	12.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,380	7,895	7,485	87.9	87.9	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,920	6,610	6,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,615	840	770	12.5	12.7	12.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,080	545	535	8.4	8.2	8.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	300	235	4.1	4.5	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,310	5,770	5,535	87.5	87.3	87.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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