Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	GatineauMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,320	53,090	56,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,545	9,495	9,050	17.0	17.9	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,370	2,735	2,640	4.9	5.2	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,390	3,265	3,125	5.8	6.1	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,785	3,500	3,290	6.2	6.6	5.9
15 to 64 years	70,850	34,675	36,180	64.8	65.3	64.3
15 to 19 years	6,105	3,095	3,000	5.6	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,920	3,005	2,915	5.4	5.7	5.2
25 to 29 years	6,640	3,345	3,300	6.1	6.3	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,785	3,375	3,410	6.2	6.4	6.1
35 to 39 years	6,980	3,410	3,570	6.4	6.4	6.3
40 to 44 years	7,130	3,425	3,705	6.5	6.5	6.6
45 to 49 years	6,970	3,415	3,555	6.4	6.4	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,270	3,530	3,745	6.7	6.6	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,735	4,155	4,580	8.0	7.8	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,315	3,910	4,405	7.6	7.4	7.8
65 years and over	19,930	8,925	11,005	18.2	16.8	19.6
65 to 69 years	6,760	3,155	3,600	6.2	5.9	6.4
70 to 74 years	5,380	2,525	2,860	4.9	4.8	5.1
75 to 79 years	3,860	1,760	2,100	3.5	3.3	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,130	900	1,225	1.9	1.7	2.2
85 years and over	1,800	585	1,215	1.6	1.1	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,230	445	785	1.1	0.8	1.4
90 to 94 years	455	115	345	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.9	16.1	17.0	17.9	16.1
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.3	64.3	64.8	65.3	64.3
65 years and over	18.2	16.8	19.6	18.2	16.8	19.6
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
Average age of the population	41.8	40.7	42.8	41.8	40.7	42.8
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	44.0	42.4	41.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,450	...	...	43.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,295	...	...	13.3	...	...
Row house	2,855	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,020	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,870	...	...	29.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	560	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,240	...	...	32.2	...	...
2 persons	16,605	...	...	35.1	...	...
3 persons	6,915	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	5,530	...	...	11.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,005	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,775	52,475	55,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	90,780	43,595	47,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,390	24,650	24,735	54.4	56.5	52.4
Married	31,360	15,645	15,715	34.5	35.9	33.3
Living common-law	18,030	9,010	9,020	19.9	20.7	19.1
Living common law - Never married	14,240	7,085	7,155	15.7	16.3	15.2
Living common law - Separated	305	165	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,120	1,595	1,525	3.4	3.7	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	370	165	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	41,385	18,940	22,445	45.6	43.4	47.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,640	14,490	13,145	30.4	33.2	27.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,710	690	1,020	1.9	1.6	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,000	2,560	4,440	7.7	5.9	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,040	1,200	3,835	5.6	2.8	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,680	...	...	54.2	...	...
3 persons	6,530	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	5,215	...	...	16.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,370	...	...	7.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,270	...	...	78.8	...	...
Married couples	15,260	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,990	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	8,270	...	...	26.9	...	...
Common-law couples	9,010	...	...	29.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,545	...	...	14.8	...	...
Without children	4,470	...	...	14.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,530	...	...	21.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,945	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,585	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,775	52,475	55,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,560	42,640	43,920	80.3	81.3	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,540	24,245	24,295	45.0	46.2	43.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,530	1,585	4,945	6.1	3.0	8.9
Children⁶	31,495	16,810	14,685	29.2	32.0	26.6
In a two-parent family	21,570	11,400	10,170	20.0	21.7	18.4
In a one-parent family	9,925	5,410	4,515	9.2	10.3	8.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,215	9,825	11,380	19.7	18.7	20.6
Living alone	15,240	6,705	8,535	14.1	12.8	15.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,520	1,100	1,420	2.3	2.1	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,450	2,025	1,430	3.2	3.9	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,045	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	22,585	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,735	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	11,855	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,460	...	...	11.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	815	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,295	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,755	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	15,240	...	...	32.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,235	42,980	46,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,775	41,740	45,030	97.2	97.1	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	48,800	43,600	46,000	48,800	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,835	41,780	45,055	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,000	38,400	40,000	42,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,805	38,550	40,260	88.3	89.7	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	36,000	39,600	43,600	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,065	31,810	31,260	70.7	74.0	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	43,600	39,200	41,600	43,600	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,435	31,695	37,740	77.8	73.7	81.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,900	12,000	11,100	9,900	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,040	4,610	4,430	10.1	10.7	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,795	11,640	10,155	24.4	27.1	22.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,125	42,965	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,600	41,670	44,930	97.2	97.0	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,700	56,750	49,000	52,700	56,750	49,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,680	41,720	44,955	97.3	97.1	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	45,960	40,880	43,320	45,960	40,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,665	38,630	40,040	88.3	89.9	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	52,100	42,720	47,320	52,100	42,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,015	31,920	31,100	70.7	74.3	67.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	50,640	44,320	47,520	50,640	44,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,400	31,575	37,825	77.9	73.5	82.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,150	11,160	12,960	12,150	11,160	12,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,290	4,830	4,460	10.4	11.2	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,825	8,090	6,910	5,825	8,090
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,760	11,635	10,130	24.4	27.1	21.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,280	8,830	8,540	8,280	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,125	42,965	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,580	16,710	15,880	36.6	38.9	34.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	66,500	62,400	64,000	66,500	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,700	72,300	64,800	68,700	72,300	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,560	11,170	11,390	25.3	26.0	24.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,600	17,000	18,400	19,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	29,480	24,600	27,000	29,480	24,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	85.0	77.8	81.6	85.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	68.4	62.6	65.6	68.4	62.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	14.9	22.3	18.5	14.9	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.6	5.0	4.7	4.6	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,235	42,980	46,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,460	1,235	1,230	2.8	2.9	2.7
With total income	86,775	41,740	45,035	97.2	97.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,295	2,395	2,905	6.1	5.7	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,015	3,925	5,095	10.4	9.4	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,090	5,370	6,720	13.9	12.9	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,445	4,755	5,690	12.0	11.4	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,445	4,920	5,520	12.0	11.8	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,475	4,575	4,900	10.9	11.0	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,170	3,995	4,180	9.4	9.6	9.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,170	3,085	3,085	7.1	7.4	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,610	2,350	2,265	5.3	5.6	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,245	1,605	1,645	3.7	3.8	3.6
$100,000 and over	7,815	4,775	3,040	9.0	11.4	6.7
$100,000 to $149,999	6,160	3,660	2,500	7.1	8.8	5.6
$150,000 and over	1,655	1,115	540	1.9	2.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,235	42,980	46,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,400	1,195	1,205	2.7	2.8	2.6
With after-tax income	86,835	41,780	45,055	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,850	2,545	3,305	6.7	6.1	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,610	4,230	5,380	11.1	10.1	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	14,455	6,530	7,930	16.6	15.6	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,525	6,380	7,145	15.6	15.3	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	13,220	6,445	6,775	15.2	15.4	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,945	5,400	5,545	12.6	12.9	12.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,295	3,600	3,690	8.4	8.6	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,895	2,445	2,450	5.6	5.9	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,545	1,310	3.3	3.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,685	1,005	680	1.9	2.4	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,500	1,655	845	2.9	4.0	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,585	1,025	555	1.8	2.5	1.2
$125,000 and over	915	630	285	1.1	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,235	42,980	46,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,170	11,170	15,000	29.3	26.0	32.4
With employment income	63,065	31,810	31,260	70.7	74.0	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,255	3,695	3,560	11.5	11.6	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,785	2,165	2,615	7.6	6.8	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,090	3,310	3,780	11.2	10.4	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,950	2,825	3,125	9.4	8.9	10.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,570	2,860	2,715	8.8	9.0	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,540	2,715	2,825	8.8	8.6	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,725	2,810	2,915	9.1	8.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,555	2,780	2,775	8.8	8.7	8.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,970	2,040	1,920	6.3	6.4	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510	1,760	1,750	5.6	5.5	5.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	1,255	1,115	3.8	3.9	3.6
$100,000 and over	5,740	3,590	2,150	9.1	11.3	6.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,430	2,060	1,375	5.4	6.5	4.4
$125,000 and over	2,310	1,530	775	3.7	4.8	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,235	42,980	46,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,100	40,870	44,230	95.4	95.1	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	47,200	40,800	44,000	47,200	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,170	40,875	44,300	95.4	95.1	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,400	36,000	38,000	40,400	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,450	37,910	39,545	86.8	88.2	85.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,000	36,000	40,000	44,000	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,955	31,620	31,330	70.5	73.6	67.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	43,600	38,000	40,800	43,600	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,795	28,530	35,270	71.5	66.4	76.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,360	8,900	7,700	5,360	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,595	3,930	3,665	8.5	9.1	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,880	5,600	5,160	4,880	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,125	42,965	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,915	40,840	44,075	95.3	95.1	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	54,250	46,200	50,080	54,250	46,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,985	40,845	44,145	95.4	95.1	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	44,000	38,520	41,160	44,000	38,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,300	38,045	39,255	86.7	88.5	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,400	52,200	42,760	47,400	52,200	42,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,860	31,710	31,150	70.5	73.8	67.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	50,640	44,000	47,320	50,640	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,645	28,400	35,245	71.4	66.1	76.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,250	8,110	10,170	9,250	8,110	10,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,645	3,980	3,665	8.6	9.3	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290	5,885	8,810	7,290	5,885	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,125	42,965	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,430	16,630	15,805	36.4	38.7	34.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	63,600	58,000	60,800	63,600	58,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	68,600	60,600	64,700	68,600	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,075	10,470	10,605	23.6	24.4	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,000	22,200	23,600	25,000	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,880	34,360	29,440	31,880	34,360	29,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.6	82.4	86.2	89.6	82.4
Employment income (%)	70.0	72.4	67.2	70.0	72.4	67.2
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.4	17.6	13.8	10.4	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,450	...	...	51,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,520	...	...	42,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	855	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,880	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,380	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,480	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,670	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,880	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,885	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,770	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,780	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,440	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,150	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,875	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,340	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,945	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,240	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,845	...	...	10.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,305	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	905	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,085	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,745	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,940	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,225	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,435	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,385	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,710	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,950	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,535	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,035	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,150	...	...	27.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,670	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,475	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,010	...	...	8.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,690	8,725	9,965	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	44,400	42,400	43,200	44,400	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,400	37,200	37,600	38,400	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,800	...	...	151,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,700	...	...	123,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,630	8,735	9,895	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,360	51,450	47,520	49,360	51,450	47,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	42,120	40,000	41,000	42,120	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,775	52,475	55,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,290	11,395	10,895	20.7	21.7	19.7
0 to 5 years	6,580	3,365	3,210	6.1	6.4	5.8
18 to 64 years	66,740	32,500	34,240	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	18,745	8,575	10,170	17.4	16.3	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,665	4,295	5,370	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,125	1,065	1,065	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	785	395	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,185	2,440	2,745	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,350	790	1,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.2	9.7	9.0	8.2	9.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.8	9.5	9.3	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.9	11.7	12.2	11.9	11.7	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.5	8.0	7.8	7.5	8.0
65 years and over (%)	12.5	9.2	15.3	12.5	9.2	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,775	52,475	55,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,290	11,395	10,895	20.7	21.7	19.7
0 to 5 years	6,580	3,365	3,210	6.1	6.4	5.8
18 to 64 years	66,740	32,500	34,240	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	18,745	8,575	10,170	17.4	16.3	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,605	2,690	2,915	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,050	535	515	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	380	200	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,710	1,875	1,835	...	...	...
65 years and over	845	280	560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.1	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.8	5.4	5.6	5.8	5.4
65 years and over (%)	4.5	3.3	5.5	4.5	3.3	5.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,775	52,470	55,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,385	25,255	28,130	49.5	48.1	50.9
In bottom decile	8,735	4,050	4,685	8.1	7.7	8.5
In second decile	9,200	4,190	5,005	8.5	8.0	9.0
In third decile	11,145	5,290	5,855	10.3	10.1	10.6
In fourth decile	11,900	5,735	6,165	11.0	10.9	11.1
In fifth decile	12,410	5,990	6,420	11.5	11.4	11.6
In top half of the distribution	54,390	27,215	27,170	50.5	51.9	49.1
In sixth decile	13,000	6,355	6,645	12.1	12.1	12.0
In seventh decile	12,295	6,120	6,175	11.4	11.7	11.2
In eighth decile	11,785	5,915	5,870	10.9	11.3	10.6
In ninth decile	10,640	5,400	5,245	9.9	10.3	9.5
In top decile	6,665	3,435	3,235	6.2	6.5	5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,775	...	...	107,775	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.393	...	...	0.393	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.246	...	...	0.246	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,595	52,790	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,645	2,495	2,145	4.3	4.7	3.8
French only	33,640	14,835	18,800	31.0	28.1	33.7
English and French	69,760	35,255	34,505	64.2	66.8	61.8
Neither English nor French	545	205	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,595	52,790	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,470	5,365	5,100	9.6	10.2	9.1
French	94,050	45,380	48,665	86.6	86.0	87.2
English and French	3,555	1,845	1,710	3.3	3.5	3.1
Neither English nor French	520	195	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,595	52,790	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,830	50,435	53,395	95.6	95.5	95.7
Official languages	93,760	45,575	48,185	86.3	86.3	86.4
English	7,210	3,700	3,505	6.6	7.0	6.3
French	86,555	41,870	44,680	79.7	79.3	80.1
Non-official languages	10,070	4,860	5,210	9.3	9.2	9.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,060	4,855	5,205	9.3	9.2	9.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,200	1,650	1,550	2.9	3.1	2.8
Berber languages	240	135	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,915	1,500	1,420	2.7	2.8	2.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,905	1,495	1,410	2.7	2.8	2.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	560	240	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian Creole	455	190	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,200	1,995	2,205	3.9	3.8	4.0
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	695	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,015	1,420	1,595	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	910	420	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romanian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,810	845	965	1.7	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,185	585	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	355	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,760	2,355	2,405	4.4	4.5	4.3
English and French	2,865	1,420	1,445	2.6	2.7	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	555	590	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,595	52,790	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,455	3,380	3,070	5.9	6.4	5.5
French	80,105	38,650	41,450	73.8	73.2	74.3
Non-official language	2,595	1,245	1,350	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,595	1,245	1,350	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	11,140	5,530	5,615	10.3	10.5	10.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,400	745	655	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	3,590	1,660	1,925	3.3	3.1	3.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,195	1,525	1,670	2.9	2.9	3.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,595	52,790	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,380	50,290	53,085	95.2	95.3	95.1
Official languages	98,260	47,815	50,445	90.5	90.6	90.4
English	9,525	4,875	4,645	8.8	9.2	8.3
French	88,735	42,935	45,805	81.7	81.3	82.1
Non-official languages	5,115	2,475	2,640	4.7	4.7	4.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,115	2,475	2,640	4.7	4.7	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,830	930	900	1.7	1.8	1.6
Berber languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,705	860	845	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,695	855	840	1.6	1.6	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	190	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,340	1,105	1,240	2.2	2.1	2.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,580	750	830	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	305	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,155	550	605	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,215	2,500	2,715	4.8	4.7	4.9
English and French	3,015	1,450	1,570	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	460	245	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,205	535	665	1.1	1.0	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	510	260	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,595	52,790	55,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,465	45,375	48,090	86.1	86.0	86.2
English	7,075	3,550	3,520	6.5	6.7	6.3
French	3,370	1,610	1,760	3.1	3.0	3.2
Non-official language	2,440	1,145	1,295	2.2	2.2	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,435	1,145	1,290	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	690	340	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	870	435	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,630	52,420	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,120	52,200	54,925	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	73,770	37,415	36,360	68.5	71.4	65.9
French	102,620	49,740	52,875	95.3	94.9	95.8
Non-official languages	17,180	8,295	8,880	16.0	15.8	16.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,135	8,285	8,850	15.9	15.8	16.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,755	2,545	2,215	4.4	4.9	4.0
Berber languages	280	175	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	220	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,535	2,405	2,125	4.2	4.6	3.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	4,520	2,400	2,120	4.2	4.6	3.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	200	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,345	610	740	1.2	1.2	1.3
Haitian Creole	1,230	555	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,140	3,820	4,320	7.6	7.3	7.8
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	890	420	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	420	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	565	295	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	235	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	445	235	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	400	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	265	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,455	2,990	3,460	6.0	5.7	6.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	410	235	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	1,395	665	725	1.3	1.3	1.3
Romanian	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	4,670	2,080	2,590	4.3	4.0	4.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,185	1,080	1,105	2.0	2.1	2.0
Akan (Twi)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	300	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lingala	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	600	335	265	0.6	0.6	0.5
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	545	325	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Wojenaka	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	385	195	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	500	225	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	445	190	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,630	52,425	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,410	1,980	2,430	4.1	3.8	4.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,220	1,860	2,360	3.9	3.5	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,375	975	1,400	2.2	1.9	2.5
Métis	1,755	835	915	1.6	1.6	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	103,220	50,440	52,780	95.9	96.2	95.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,630	52,425	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	695	320	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,935	52,105	54,830	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,925	...	...	65.4	...	...
Renter	16,360	...	...	34.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,630	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not condominium	41,660	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	4,525	...	...	9.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,240	...	...	28.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,035	...	...	40.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,260	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,190	...	...	25.8	...	...
5 rooms	8,440	...	...	17.8	...	...
6 rooms	6,530	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	6,235	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,895	...	...	29.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,875	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,730	...	...	96.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,555	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,380	...	...	9.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,770	...	...	33.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,605	...	...	18.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,420	...	...	15.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,485	...	...	7.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,605	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,460	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,560	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,610	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,675	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,620	...	...	54.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,360	...	...	43.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,300	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,385	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,475	...	...	13.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,285	...	...	17.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,625	...	...	18.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,385	...	...	22.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,565	...	...	16.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,740	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	825	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,745	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,425	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,975	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,980	...	...	21.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,855	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,325	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,130	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	440	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,310	...	...	78.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,490	...	...	5.3	...	...
Not in core need	44,230	...	...	94.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.4	...	...	66.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,202	...	...	1,202	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	333,200	...	...	333,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	23.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	886	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,630	52,420	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,995	1,775	2,225	3.7	3.4	4.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,950	1,750	2,195	3.7	3.3	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,260	1,475	1,785	3.0	2.8	3.2
Métis single ancestry	615	255	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,340	2,440	2,905	5.0	4.7	5.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,270	2,400	2,875	4.9	4.6	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,585	2,070	2,515	4.3	3.9	4.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	650	315	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,290	48,205	50,085	91.3	92.0	90.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,630	52,425	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	103,200	50,265	52,930	95.9	95.9	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,500	10,930	10,565	20.0	20.8	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,700	39,335	42,370	75.9	75.0	76.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,435	2,155	2,280	4.1	4.1	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,630	52,425	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,815	45,655	48,170	87.2	87.1	87.2
Immigrants⁸¹	12,815	6,305	6,510	11.9	12.0	11.8
Before 1980	1,155	630	525	1.1	1.2	1.0
1980 to 1990	1,045	540	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
1991 to 2000	2,130	1,030	1,095	2.0	2.0	2.0
2001 to 2010	3,635	1,725	1,905	3.4	3.3	3.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,855	2,380	2,475	4.5	4.5	4.5
2011 to 2015	2,435	1,245	1,195	2.3	2.4	2.2
2016 to 2021	2,410	1,130	1,280	2.2	2.2	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,000	465	535	0.9	0.9	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,815	6,305	6,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,375	660	715	10.7	10.5	11.0
5 to 14 years	2,425	1,265	1,165	18.9	20.1	17.9
15 to 24 years	2,145	1,020	1,125	16.7	16.2	17.3
25 to 44 years	5,955	2,920	3,035	46.5	46.3	46.6
45 years and over	915	440	475	7.1	7.0	7.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,815	6,305	6,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,815	1,340	1,470	22.0	21.3	22.6
Brazil	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	650	285	370	5.1	4.5	5.7
El Salvador	155	85	70	1.2	1.3	1.1
Guyana	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	975	455	515	7.6	7.2	7.9
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mexico	170	65	100	1.3	1.0	1.5
Peru	80	50	30	0.6	0.8	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	230	120	105	1.8	1.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	445	230	220	3.5	3.6	3.4
Europe	2,535	1,230	1,305	19.8	19.5	20.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	200	100	100	1.6	1.6	1.5
Croatia	100	60	45	0.8	1.0	0.7
France	615	270	345	4.8	4.3	5.3
Germany	80	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	60	45	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	45	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portugal	545	285	255	4.3	4.5	3.9
Romania	210	105	105	1.6	1.7	1.6
Russian Federation	105	30	70	0.8	0.5	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	70	30	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ukraine	30	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	45	50	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	330	155	170	2.6	2.5	2.6
Africa	4,320	2,160	2,165	33.7	34.3	33.3
Algeria	440	230	215	3.4	3.6	3.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	450	230	220	3.5	3.6	3.4
Egypt	65	45	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	540	265	275	4.2	4.2	4.2
Nigeria	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somalia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,745	1,355	1,390	21.4	21.5	21.4
Asia	3,110	1,555	1,555	24.3	24.7	23.9
Afghanistan	85	50	35	0.7	0.8	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	80	60	20	0.6	1.0	0.3
Iraq	90	55	35	0.7	0.9	0.5
Lebanon	1,535	790	740	12.0	12.5	11.4
Syria⁸⁹	255	130	130	2.0	2.1	2.0
Turkey	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
China⁹⁰	320	135	185	2.5	2.1	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	175	65	105	1.4	1.0	1.6
Viet Nam	55	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistan	70	30	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	300	145	155	2.3	2.3	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,415	1,130	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	385	175	210	15.9	15.5	16.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Colombia	80	30	50	3.3	2.7	3.9
Haiti	140	75	65	5.8	6.6	5.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	25	1.4	0.9	2.0
United States of America	45	20	25	1.9	1.8	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	30	2.5	3.1	2.3
Europe	205	105	100	8.5	9.3	7.8
France	100	55	50	4.1	4.9	3.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	50	30	3.1	4.4	2.3
Africa	1,200	580	615	49.7	51.3	48.0
Algeria	55	35	20	2.3	3.1	1.6
Burundi	225	140	90	9.3	12.4	7.0
Cameroon	240	115	125	9.9	10.2	9.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	1.2	1.8	0.8
Côte d'Ivoire	110	40	75	4.6	3.5	5.9
Egypt	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	100	45	60	4.1	4.0	4.7
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	100	55	50	4.1	4.9	3.9
Other places of birth in Africa	285	115	170	11.8	10.2	13.3
Asia	620	265	355	25.7	23.5	27.7
Afghanistan	40	20	15	1.7	1.8	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15	1.2	0.9	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	35	65	4.1	3.1	5.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	55	15	35	2.3	1.3	2.7
Philippines	105	50	55	4.3	4.4	4.3
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	160	70	90	6.6	6.2	7.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	25	40	2.7	2.2	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,635	52,420	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,625	7,180	7,445	13.6	13.7	13.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,065	4,575	4,490	8.4	8.7	8.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,940	40,670	43,270	78.0	77.6	78.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,660	5,680	5,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,560	2,865	2,690	47.7	50.4	44.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,355	1,395	955	20.2	24.6	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,205	1,470	1,735	27.5	25.9	29.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,080	1,325	1,755	26.4	23.3	29.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,845	1,425	1,425	24.4	25.1	23.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	175	65	110	1.5	1.1	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,660	5,680	5,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	890	460	430	7.6	8.1	7.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	635	345	290	5.4	6.1	4.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	125	95	1.9	2.2	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	445	245	200	3.8	4.3	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	25	60	0.8	0.4	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,385	4,480	4,905	80.5	78.9	82.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,630	52,420	55,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,230	7,475	7,760	14.2	14.3	14.1
South Asian	370	155	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese	625	240	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	7,105	3,500	3,605	6.6	6.7	6.5
Filipino	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab	3,925	2,035	1,890	3.6	3.9	3.4
Latin American	1,775	845	935	1.6	1.6	1.7
Southeast Asian	305	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	225	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	370	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	92,400	44,955	47,450	85.8	85.8	86.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,630	52,425	55,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,070	15,915	17,160	30.7	30.4	31.1
English	2,865	1,400	1,465	2.7	2.7	2.7
Irish	7,225	3,335	3,890	6.7	6.4	7.0
Scottish	2,975	1,410	1,565	2.8	2.7	2.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,330	13,020	13,310	24.5	24.8	24.1
German	2,140	970	1,170	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese	680	250	430	0.6	0.5	0.8
Italian	1,760	905	855	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indian (India)	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	370	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	10,725	5,245	5,480	10.0	10.0	9.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	8,335	4,060	4,275	7.7	7.7	7.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,485	1,280	1,205	2.3	2.4	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,485	1,595	1,895	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis	1,395	630	760	1.3	1.2	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,405	665	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	295	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Welsh	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	1,780	910	870	1.7	1.7	1.6
American	555	260	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	950	485	465	0.9	0.9	0.8
Swedish	165	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	145	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,295	650	645	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistani	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,280	610	670	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jewish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	975	510	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Greek	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	215	135	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	200	60	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	350	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanese	2,610	1,385	1,235	2.4	2.6	2.2
Iranian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	895	410	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Danish	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,090	530	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	635	280	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	1,535	745	795	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	245	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	375	160	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	635	290	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	590	290	300	0.5	0.6	0.5
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	250	135	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	495	235	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Persian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	140	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	125	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	1,855	835	1,015	1.7	1.6	1.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	755	380	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	415	235	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Albanian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	25	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	540	255	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guatemalan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	645	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	70	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	710	380	330	0.7	0.7	0.6
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	140	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,630	52,425	55,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	275	110	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	72,700	34,285	38,420	67.5	65.4	69.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,790	3,735	4,060	7.2	7.1	7.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	720	315	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catholic	59,785	28,070	31,715	55.5	53.5	57.4
Christian Orthodox	1,060	565	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	510	230	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	610	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Presbyterian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,385	660	725	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hindu	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	3,605	1,840	1,765	3.3	3.5	3.2
Sikh	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	30,360	15,885	14,465	28.2	30.3	26.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,585	51,895	54,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,365	45,800	48,560	88.5	88.3	88.8
Movers	12,220	6,095	6,130	11.5	11.7	11.2
Non-migrants	8,700	4,335	4,365	8.2	8.4	8.0
Migrants	3,525	1,755	1,765	3.3	3.4	3.2
Internal migrants	3,070	1,510	1,560	2.9	2.9	2.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,665	800	865	1.6	1.5	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,410	710	700	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,330	49,620	52,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,545	30,370	32,175	61.1	61.2	61.0
Movers	39,785	19,250	20,535	38.9	38.8	39.0
Non-migrants	25,400	12,185	13,215	24.8	24.6	25.1
Migrants	14,385	7,065	7,325	14.1	14.2	13.9
Internal migrants	11,545	5,685	5,860	11.3	11.5	11.1
Intraprovincial migrants	7,985	3,845	4,140	7.8	7.7	7.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,560	1,845	1,715	3.5	3.7	3.3
External migrants	2,845	1,380	1,465	2.8	2.8	2.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,120	42,965	46,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,775	11,080	9,690	23.3	25.8	21.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,350	31,880	36,465	76.7	74.2	79.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,440	28,325	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,170	5,820	4,350	17.4	20.5	14.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,270	22,505	25,765	82.6	79.5	85.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,120	42,970	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,345	9,575	8,765	20.6	22.3	19.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,285	10,260	11,030	23.9	23.9	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,490	23,130	26,360	55.5	53.8	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,880	14,745	16,135	34.6	34.3	35.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,715	6,360	5,355	13.1	14.8	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,365	3,865	4,495	9.4	9.0	9.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,350	2,490	860	3.8	5.8	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,285	7,195	9,095	18.3	16.7	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,880	1,190	1,685	3.2	2.8	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,610	8,385	10,225	20.9	19.5	22.2
Bachelor's degree	12,165	5,130	7,035	13.7	11.9	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,720	840	880	1.9	2.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	330	175	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	3,890	1,970	1,920	4.4	4.6	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	510	280	230	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,440	28,330	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,475	4,805	3,675	14.5	17.0	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,605	5,795	5,810	19.9	20.5	19.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,360	17,730	20,625	65.6	62.6	68.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,195	11,150	12,040	39.7	39.4	40.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,030	4,825	4,200	15.5	17.0	13.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,475	2,920	3,555	11.1	10.3	11.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,555	1,910	645	4.4	6.7	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,090	5,435	6,650	20.7	19.2	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,075	885	1,190	3.6	3.1	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,165	6,575	8,590	25.9	23.2	28.5
Bachelor's degree	9,830	4,050	5,775	16.8	14.3	19.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,365	610	755	2.3	2.2	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	150	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	3,255	1,550	1,705	5.6	5.5	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	415	215	200	0.7	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,125	42,965	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,630	19,835	19,795	44.5	46.2	42.9
Education	3,510	755	2,755	3.9	1.8	6.0
13. Education	3,510	755	2,755	3.9	1.8	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,305	525	785	1.5	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,115	400	720	1.3	0.9	1.6
Humanities	2,760	1,185	1,575	3.1	2.8	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	665	185	475	0.7	0.4	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,130	475	655	1.3	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	150	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	185	115	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	345	115	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,830	2,080	3,750	6.5	4.8	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	775	275	500	0.9	0.6	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	875	60	815	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	380	630	1.1	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	185	65	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	915	215	700	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	2,040	1,075	970	2.3	2.5	2.1
Business, management and public administration	12,960	4,650	8,305	14.5	10.8	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,065	320	740	1.2	0.7	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,875	4,320	7,555	13.3	10.1	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,570	760	805	1.8	1.8	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	575	215	365	0.6	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	280	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	370	265	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,895	2,100	800	3.2	4.9	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,430	1,940	490	2.7	4.5	1.1
25. Library science	275	35	240	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,815	7,175	640	8.8	16.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	345	225	115	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,235	1,035	200	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,805	1,585	225	2.0	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,370	2,330	45	2.7	5.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,315	1,290	25	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	745	715	30	0.8	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	505	330	0.9	1.2	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	235	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	265	115	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	6,055	1,290	4,765	6.8	3.0	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	225	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,555	1,000	4,560	6.2	2.3	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,955	2,110	1,850	4.4	4.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,100	575	1,525	2.4	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	85	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,210	950	260	1.4	2.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	505	55	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,440	28,325	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,080	10,595	9,485	34.4	37.4	31.5
Education	2,415	490	1,925	4.1	1.7	6.4
13. Education	2,415	490	1,925	4.1	1.7	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940	370	570	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	100	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	795	265	525	1.4	0.9	1.7
Humanities	1,770	730	1,050	3.0	2.6	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	460	105	355	0.8	0.4	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	270	395	1.1	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	90	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
54. History	150	95	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,805	1,620	3,180	8.2	5.7	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	690	235	450	1.2	0.8	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	55	665	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	790	250	540	1.4	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	770	165	600	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,690	870	820	2.9	3.1	2.7
Business, management and public administration	10,275	3,610	6,660	17.6	12.7	22.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	860	240	620	1.5	0.8	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,395	3,360	6,040	16.1	11.9	20.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,000	480	520	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	160	300	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	70	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	265	190	75	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,540	1,875	665	4.3	6.6	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,180	1,750	430	3.7	6.2	1.4
25. Library science	200	20	180	0.3	0.1	0.6
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,035	5,475	560	10.3	19.3	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	280	170	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,020	845	180	1.7	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,430	1,240	190	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,820	1,785	35	3.1	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	970	950	20	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	510	480	25	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700	420	285	1.2	1.5	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	375	190	180	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	225	105	0.6	0.8	0.3
Health and related fields	4,760	1,015	3,745	8.1	3.6	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	170	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,350	790	3,565	7.4	2.8	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,105	1,650	1,460	5.3	5.8	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,630	425	1,210	2.8	1.5	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	965	760	205	1.7	2.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	410	40	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,440	28,325	30,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,080	10,595	9,485	34.4	37.4	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,360	17,730	20,630	65.6	62.6	68.5
Location of study inside Canada	34,785	16,000	18,790	59.5	56.5	62.4
Same as province or territory of residence	24,545	11,035	13,500	42.0	39.0	44.8
Different than province or territory of residence	10,245	4,965	5,280	17.5	17.5	17.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,570	1,730	1,840	6.1	6.1	6.1
Americas	670	300	370	1.1	1.1	1.2
United States of America	145	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	970	510	460	1.7	1.8	1.5
Belgium	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	375	210	165	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	975	515	460	1.7	1.8	1.5
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	150	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	550	305	245	0.9	1.1	0.8
Asia	920	390	530	1.6	1.4	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	360	155	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	30	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,125	42,965	46,155	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,695	28,865	27,825	...	...	...
Employed	51,355	26,085	25,270	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,335	2,780	2,560	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,430	14,105	18,325	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	67.2	60.3	63.6	67.2	60.3
Employment rate	57.6	60.7	54.8	57.6	60.7	54.8
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.6	9.2	9.4	9.6	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,125	42,965	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,205	14,015	18,185	36.1	32.6	39.4
Worked	56,915	28,950	27,965	63.9	67.4	60.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,150	17,065	16,080	37.2	39.7	34.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,770	11,885	11,890	26.7	27.7	25.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.7	42.1	42.4	42.7	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,690	28,860	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	640	660	2.3	2.2	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	55,385	28,220	27,165	97.7	97.8	97.6
Employee	50,315	25,080	25,235	88.8	86.9	90.7
Permanent position	42,235	21,205	21,030	74.5	73.5	75.6
Temporary position	8,085	3,875	4,210	14.3	13.4	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,905	1,275	1,635	5.1	4.4	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,170	2,600	2,570	9.1	9.0	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,070	3,135	1,935	8.9	10.9	7.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,690	28,860	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	640	660	2.3	2.2	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	55,385	28,220	27,165	97.7	97.8	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	685	435	250	1.2	1.5	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,765	3,970	8,795	22.5	13.8	31.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,195	3,355	835	7.4	11.6	3.0
3 Health occupations	4,095	935	3,160	7.2	3.2	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,575	2,895	5,675	15.1	10.0	20.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,540	740	800	2.7	2.6	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	13,895	7,050	6,845	24.5	24.4	24.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,385	7,785	595	14.8	27.0	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	355	70	0.8	1.2	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	820	700	125	1.4	2.4	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,690	28,860	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,305	640	660	2.3	2.2	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	55,385	28,220	27,165	97.7	97.8	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	120	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	85	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	300	215	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	4,735	4,260	470	8.4	14.8	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,460	1,190	275	2.6	4.1	1.0
41 Wholesale trade	800	635	160	1.4	2.2	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	6,680	3,550	3,130	11.8	12.3	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,895	1,525	370	3.3	5.3	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	720	455	260	1.3	1.6	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,255	625	630	2.2	2.2	2.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	750	435	310	1.3	1.5	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,395	1,365	1,030	4.2	4.7	3.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,585	1,655	930	4.6	5.7	3.3
61 Educational services	4,210	1,335	2,880	7.4	4.6	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,550	1,715	5,840	13.3	5.9	21.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	830	465	365	1.5	1.6	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,915	1,360	1,550	5.1	4.7	5.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,105	920	1,190	3.7	3.2	4.3
91 Public administration	13,910	6,300	7,615	24.5	21.8	27.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,505	30,740	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,215	4,235	2,980	11.9	13.8	10.0
French	27,500	13,565	13,935	45.5	44.1	46.8
Non-official language	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	25,010	12,560	12,450	41.3	40.9	41.8
English and non-official language(s)	180	115	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	165	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,505	30,740	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,750	28,435	27,320	92.1	92.5	91.8
Official languages	55,530	28,315	27,215	91.8	92.1	91.4
English	15,365	8,675	6,690	25.4	28.2	22.5
French	40,165	19,635	20,530	66.4	63.9	69.0
Non-official languages	220	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,755	2,310	2,450	7.9	7.5	8.2
English and French	4,650	2,250	2,400	7.7	7.3	8.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,505	30,740	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,490	20,150	19,340	65.3	65.5	65.0
English	12,560	6,030	6,530	20.8	19.6	21.9
French	7,985	4,345	3,640	13.2	14.1	12.2
Non-official language	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	110	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,350	26,085	25,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,000	5,975	8,025	27.3	22.9	31.8
Worked outside Canada	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,090	4,860	1,225	11.9	18.6	4.8
Usual place of work	31,210	15,215	15,995	60.8	58.3	63.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,210	15,210	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,215	10,615	12,600	74.4	69.8	78.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,200	675	525	3.8	4.4	3.3
Commute to a different province or territory	6,795	3,925	2,870	21.8	25.8	17.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,300	20,075	17,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,510	17,450	14,065	84.5	86.9	81.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,030	16,315	12,715	77.8	81.3	73.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,485	1,135	1,350	6.7	5.7	7.8
Public transit	3,350	1,485	1,865	9.0	7.4	10.8
Walked	1,455	655	800	3.9	3.3	4.6
Bicycle	250	190	60	0.7	0.9	0.3
Other method	725	290	435	1.9	1.4	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,300	20,075	17,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,650	5,575	6,075	31.2	27.8	35.3
15 to 29 minutes	14,595	7,785	6,810	39.1	38.8	39.5
30 to 44 minutes	6,875	4,250	2,625	18.4	21.2	15.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,325	1,350	980	6.2	6.7	5.7
60 minutes and over	1,850	1,110	740	5.0	5.5	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,300	20,075	17,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,130	2,470	660	8.4	12.3	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,360	5,390	2,970	22.4	26.8	17.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,045	5,085	5,960	29.6	25.3	34.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,485	2,865	3,615	17.4	14.3	21.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,325	1,550	1,775	8.9	7.7	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,955	2,715	2,235	13.3	13.5	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,700	11,590	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,605	1,855	1,750	15.9	16.0	15.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,095	9,735	9,355	84.1	84.0	84.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,930	8,670	8,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,660	1,370	1,295	15.7	15.8	15.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,595	835	760	9.4	9.6	9.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,065	535	530	6.3	6.2	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,270	7,295	6,975	84.3	84.1	84.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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