Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	GatineauMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	107,286	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,464	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.2	...	...	- 0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,373	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,454	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	903.1	...	...	903.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	118.79	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	107,285	52,135	55,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,280	9,365	8,915	17.0	18.0	16.2
0 to 4 years	5,405	2,745	2,660	5.0	5.3	4.8
5 to 9 years	6,295	3,210	3,085	5.9	6.2	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,580	3,415	3,175	6.1	6.6	5.8
15 to 64 years	69,830	34,210	35,620	65.1	65.6	64.6
15 to 19 years	5,940	3,005	2,935	5.5	5.8	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,815	2,950	2,870	5.4	5.7	5.2
25 to 29 years	6,715	3,350	3,365	6.3	6.4	6.1
30 to 34 years	6,840	3,435	3,410	6.4	6.6	6.2
35 to 39 years	6,960	3,400	3,565	6.5	6.5	6.5
40 to 44 years	6,955	3,345	3,605	6.5	6.4	6.5
45 to 49 years	6,815	3,355	3,460	6.4	6.4	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,115	3,455	3,665	6.6	6.6	6.6
55 to 59 years	8,605	4,115	4,490	8.0	7.9	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,065	3,810	4,255	7.5	7.3	7.7
65 years and over	19,175	8,555	10,615	17.9	16.4	19.2
65 to 69 years	6,495	3,040	3,460	6.1	5.8	6.3
70 to 74 years	5,135	2,405	2,730	4.8	4.6	5.0
75 to 79 years	3,705	1,675	2,025	3.5	3.2	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,070	865	1,200	1.9	1.7	2.2
85 years and over	1,770	570	1,195	1.6	1.1	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,210	435	775	1.1	0.8	1.4
90 to 94 years	450	110	340	0.4	0.2	0.6
95 to 99 years	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	18.0	16.2	17.0	18.0	16.2
15 to 64 years	65.1	65.6	64.6	65.1	65.6	64.6
65 years and over	17.9	16.4	19.2	17.9	16.4	19.2
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
Average age of the population	41.6	40.5	42.6	41.6	40.5	42.6
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.6	42.0	40.8	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,660	...	...	42.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,515	...	...	14.0	...	...
Row house	2,830	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,050	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,605	...	...	29.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	570	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,070	...	...	32.4	...	...
2 persons	16,205	...	...	34.9	...	...
3 persons	6,855	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	5,370	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,950	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	105,740	51,515	54,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	89,005	42,770	46,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,020	23,975	24,045	54.0	56.1	52.0
Married	30,135	15,040	15,100	33.9	35.2	32.7
Living common-law	17,885	8,935	8,950	20.1	20.9	19.4
Living common law - Never married	14,215	7,065	7,150	16.0	16.5	15.5
Living common law - Separated	305	165	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,010	1,545	1,465	3.4	3.6	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	360	160	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,985	18,795	22,190	46.0	43.9	48.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,430	14,365	13,065	30.8	33.6	28.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,690	680	1,010	1.9	1.6	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,910	2,565	4,340	7.8	6.0	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,950	1,180	3,775	5.6	2.8	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,345	...	...	54.2	...	...
3 persons	6,490	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	5,010	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...	7.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,585	...	...	78.2	...	...
Married couples	14,645	...	...	48.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,695	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	7,950	...	...	26.4	...	...
Common-law couples	8,940	...	...	29.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,520	...	...	15.0	...	...
Without children	4,415	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,560	...	...	21.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,965	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,600	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	105,740	51,520	54,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	84,605	41,655	42,950	80.0	80.9	79.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,165	23,565	23,605	44.6	45.7	43.5
Parents in one-parent families	6,560	1,600	4,960	6.2	3.1	9.1
Children⁶	30,875	16,490	14,385	29.2	32.0	26.5
In a two-parent family	20,915	11,050	9,865	19.8	21.4	18.2
In a one-parent family	9,955	5,435	4,520	9.4	10.5	8.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,140	9,865	11,275	20.0	19.1	20.8
Living alone	15,070	6,670	8,395	14.3	12.9	15.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,575	1,140	1,440	2.4	2.2	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,490	2,050	1,440	3.3	4.0	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,290	...	...	58.7	...	...
Couple-family households	21,860	...	...	47.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,400	...	...	22.4	...	...
Without children	11,455	...	...	24.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,430	...	...	11.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	850	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,340	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,755	...	...	3.8	...	...
One-person households	15,070	...	...	32.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	87,465	42,155	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,025	40,905	44,115	97.2	97.0	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	48,000	43,200	45,600	48,000	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,085	40,945	44,140	97.3	97.1	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	41,600	38,000	39,600	41,600	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,985	37,670	39,315	88.0	89.4	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800	35,200	39,200	42,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,995	31,235	30,760	70.9	74.1	67.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	43,600	38,800	41,200	43,600	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,435	31,310	37,125	78.2	74.3	81.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,900	12,000	11,100	9,900	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,180	4,690	4,495	10.5	11.1	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,880	11,700	10,180	25.0	27.8	22.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	87,480	42,165	45,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,925	40,840	44,085	97.1	96.9	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	55,150	48,160	51,550	55,150	48,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,000	40,890	44,110	97.2	97.0	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	44,880	40,400	42,560	44,880	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,905	37,785	39,120	87.9	89.6	86.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,320	41,800	46,000	50,320	41,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,005	31,320	30,685	70.9	74.3	67.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	49,160	43,360	46,280	49,160	43,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,490	31,230	37,265	78.3	74.1	82.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,250	11,230	13,100	12,250	11,230	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,455	4,925	4,530	10.8	11.7	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	5,890	8,110	6,950	5,890	8,110
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,915	11,750	10,165	25.1	27.9	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530	8,240	8,870	8,530	8,240	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	87,480	42,170	45,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,915	16,315	15,595	36.5	38.7	34.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	65,000	61,200	62,800	65,000	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800	70,100	63,300	66,800	70,100	63,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,240	11,000	11,240	25.4	26.1	24.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,800	17,000	18,400	19,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	28,680	24,560	26,600	28,680	24,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	84.4	77.0	80.8	84.4	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	68.4	62.7	65.6	68.4	62.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	15.6	23.0	19.2	15.6	23.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.8	5.2	5.0	4.8	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	87,465	42,155	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,440	1,245	1,195	2.8	3.0	2.6
With total income	85,020	40,910	44,115	97.2	97.0	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,130	2,315	2,810	6.0	5.7	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,965	3,880	5,090	10.5	9.5	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,025	5,350	6,670	14.1	13.1	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,465	4,795	5,675	12.3	11.7	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,445	4,950	5,495	12.3	12.1	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,415	4,540	4,870	11.1	11.1	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,080	4,000	4,085	9.5	9.8	9.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,060	3,025	3,040	7.1	7.4	6.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,455	2,295	2,165	5.2	5.6	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	3,080	1,510	1,565	3.6	3.7	3.5
$100,000 and over	6,905	4,250	2,650	8.1	10.4	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	5,590	3,365	2,225	6.6	8.2	5.0
$150,000 and over	1,315	885	430	1.5	2.2	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	87,465	42,155	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,380	1,210	1,170	2.7	2.9	2.6
With after-tax income	85,085	40,950	44,140	97.3	97.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,630	2,455	3,175	6.6	6.0	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,545	4,180	5,360	11.2	10.2	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,395	6,520	7,875	16.9	15.9	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,545	6,425	7,120	15.9	15.7	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	13,160	6,440	6,715	15.5	15.7	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,815	5,370	5,440	12.7	13.1	12.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,180	3,535	3,650	8.4	8.6	8.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635	2,310	2,320	5.4	5.6	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,665	1,460	1,205	3.1	3.6	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,480	900	585	1.7	2.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	2,035	1,345	690	2.4	3.3	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,340	880	465	1.6	2.1	1.1
$125,000 and over	695	465	230	0.8	1.1	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	87,465	42,155	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,470	10,920	14,550	29.1	25.9	32.1
With employment income	61,995	31,230	30,765	70.9	74.1	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,040	3,525	3,515	11.4	11.3	11.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,715	2,100	2,610	7.6	6.7	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,035	3,275	3,760	11.3	10.5	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,000	2,835	3,160	9.7	9.1	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,620	2,900	2,720	9.1	9.3	8.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,585	2,735	2,855	9.0	8.8	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,775	2,855	2,915	9.3	9.1	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,575	2,820	2,755	9.0	9.0	9.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	2,050	1,880	6.3	6.6	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	1,740	1,675	5.5	5.6	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	1,200	1,045	3.6	3.8	3.4
$100,000 and over	5,050	3,185	1,865	8.1	10.2	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,160	1,930	1,230	5.1	6.2	4.0
$125,000 and over	1,885	1,250	635	3.0	4.0	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	87,465	42,155	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,430	40,075	43,355	95.4	95.1	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	46,400	40,400	43,200	46,400	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,495	40,080	43,415	95.5	95.1	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,000	35,600	37,600	40,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,745	37,090	38,655	86.6	88.0	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,600	39,200	43,600	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,935	31,080	30,850	70.8	73.7	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,600	37,600	40,400	43,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,805	28,130	34,675	71.8	66.7	76.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	5,320	8,900	7,750	5,320	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,720	4,030	3,685	8.8	9.6	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,880	5,560	5,120	4,880	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	87,480	42,165	45,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,345	40,040	43,305	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,840	52,600	45,360	48,840	52,600	45,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,415	40,045	43,370	95.4	95.0	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	42,960	38,000	40,360	42,960	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,645	37,225	38,430	86.5	88.3	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,120	50,440	41,920	46,120	50,440	41,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,865	31,125	30,735	70.7	73.8	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	49,200	43,040	46,160	49,200	43,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,710	27,995	34,710	71.7	66.4	76.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,150	10,190	9,280	8,150	10,190
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,780	4,085	3,690	8.9	9.7	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,190	5,850	8,680	7,190	5,850	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	87,480	42,170	45,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,765	16,235	15,525	36.3	38.5	34.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	62,400	57,200	59,600	62,400	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,850	66,400	59,200	62,850	66,400	59,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,840	10,320	10,520	23.8	24.5	23.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,400	21,800	23,600	25,400	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280	33,560	29,000	31,280	33,560	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.2	82.0	85.8	89.2	82.0
Employment income (%)	70.2	72.8	67.4	70.2	72.8	67.4
Government transfers (%)	14.3	10.8	18.0	14.3	10.8	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,080	...	...	42,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	860	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,895	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,390	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,480	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,665	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,900	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,890	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,765	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,770	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,390	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,880	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,520	...	...	37.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,920	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,130	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,635	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,840	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	915	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,100	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,755	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,925	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,245	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,425	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,355	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,705	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,230	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,850	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,020	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,410	...	...	26.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,570	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,320	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,520	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,560	8,725	9,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	44,400	42,000	42,800	44,400	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,400	36,800	37,600	38,400	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...	83,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,480	8,755	9,725	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,760	50,840	46,920	48,760	50,840	46,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	41,680	39,640	40,600	41,680	39,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	105,745	51,520	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,930	11,210	10,720	20.7	21.8	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,610	3,360	3,245	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	65,815	32,095	33,720	62.2	62.3	62.2
65 years and over	17,995	8,210	9,780	17.0	15.9	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,770	4,355	5,410	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,160	1,085	1,075	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	805	405	400	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,255	2,470	2,780	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,355	800	1,555	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	8.5	10.0	9.2	8.5	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8	9.7	10.0	9.8	9.7	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.4	12.2	12.0	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.7	8.3	8.0	7.7	8.3
65 years and over (%)	13.1	9.8	15.9	13.1	9.8	15.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,740	51,520	54,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,930	11,215	10,715	20.7	21.8	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,605	3,360	3,245	6.2	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	65,815	32,095	33,725	62.2	62.3	62.2
65 years and over	17,990	8,210	9,785	17.0	15.9	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,635	2,705	2,935	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,070	550	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	390	205	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,730	1,875	1,850	...	...	...
65 years and over	835	275	560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.1	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.9	5.5
65 years and over (%)	4.6	3.4	5.7	4.6	3.4	5.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	105,745	51,520	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,915	25,505	28,415	51.0	49.5	52.4
In bottom decile	8,810	4,085	4,725	8.3	7.9	8.7
In second decile	9,310	4,245	5,060	8.8	8.2	9.3
In third decile	11,260	5,335	5,920	10.6	10.4	10.9
In fourth decile	12,060	5,805	6,255	11.4	11.3	11.5
In fifth decile	12,485	6,035	6,450	11.8	11.7	11.9
In top half of the distribution	51,825	26,015	25,805	49.0	50.5	47.6
In sixth decile	12,845	6,305	6,545	12.1	12.2	12.1
In seventh decile	12,145	6,080	6,065	11.5	11.8	11.2
In eighth decile	11,440	5,765	5,675	10.8	11.2	10.5
In ninth decile	9,750	4,965	4,790	9.2	9.6	8.8
In top decile	5,640	2,900	2,735	5.3	5.6	5.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	105,740	...	...	105,740	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.391	...	...	0.391	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.242	...	...	0.242	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	106,555	51,835	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,525	2,425	2,095	4.2	4.7	3.8
French only	33,940	15,020	18,920	31.9	29.0	34.6
English and French	67,555	34,195	33,360	63.4	66.0	61.0
Neither English nor French	535	195	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	106,555	51,835	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	10,150	5,190	4,955	9.5	10.0	9.1
French	92,580	44,730	47,850	86.9	86.3	87.4
English and French	3,320	1,725	1,590	3.1	3.3	2.9
Neither English nor French	510	185	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	106,555	51,835	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,935	49,560	52,375	95.7	95.6	95.7
Official languages	92,445	44,975	47,465	86.8	86.8	86.7
English	7,130	3,655	3,475	6.7	7.1	6.3
French	85,320	41,325	43,990	80.1	79.7	80.4
Non-official languages	9,490	4,580	4,905	8.9	8.8	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,485	4,580	4,905	8.9	8.8	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,950	1,535	1,415	2.8	3.0	2.6
Berber languages	250	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	210	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,660	1,370	1,285	2.5	2.6	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,640	1,365	1,275	2.5	2.6	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	570	245	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian Creole	465	190	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,900	1,865	2,035	3.7	3.6	3.7
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	640	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	160	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	240	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,830	1,340	1,495	2.7	2.6	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	840	390	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,735	820	920	1.6	1.6	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,235	605	635	1.2	1.2	1.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lingala	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	370	190	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	285	120	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,620	2,275	2,340	4.3	4.4	4.3
English and French	2,850	1,400	1,445	2.7	2.7	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	295	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	1,095	530	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	106,555	51,835	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,335	3,325	3,015	5.9	6.4	5.5
French	79,100	38,210	40,895	74.2	73.7	74.7
Non-official language	2,420	1,155	1,270	2.3	2.2	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,420	1,155	1,270	2.3	2.2	2.3
English and French	10,870	5,380	5,490	10.2	10.4	10.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,310	690	615	1.2	1.3	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,475	1,615	1,860	3.3	3.1	3.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,915	1,395	1,515	2.7	2.7	2.8
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	106,555	51,835	54,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,535	49,425	52,110	95.3	95.4	95.2
Official languages	96,770	47,125	49,640	90.8	90.9	90.7
English	9,315	4,790	4,525	8.7	9.2	8.3
French	87,455	42,335	45,120	82.1	81.7	82.4
Non-official languages	4,765	2,295	2,465	4.5	4.4	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,765	2,295	2,465	4.5	4.4	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,680	860	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Berber languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,555	785	770	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,540	780	755	1.4	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	160	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,175	1,010	1,165	2.0	1.9	2.1
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	190	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	190	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
High German languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,490	705	780	1.4	1.4	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	300	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,090	520	575	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,020	2,405	2,610	4.7	4.6	4.8
English and French	2,960	1,420	1,535	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	425	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,165	525	640	1.1	1.0	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	445	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	106,555	51,830	54,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,045	44,725	47,325	86.4	86.3	86.5
English	6,805	3,400	3,405	6.4	6.6	6.2
French	3,270	1,575	1,695	3.1	3.0	3.1
Non-official language	2,345	1,110	1,240	2.2	2.1	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,345	1,105	1,240	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	600	295	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	840	420	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	105,775	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	105,285	51,330	53,950	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	71,685	36,370	35,320	67.8	70.6	65.1
French	100,870	48,945	51,925	95.4	95.0	95.7
Non-official languages	16,125	7,765	8,360	15.2	15.1	15.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,085	7,760	8,330	15.2	15.1	15.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,335	2,330	2,005	4.1	4.5	3.7
Berber languages	290	180	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	230	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,095	2,190	1,905	3.9	4.2	3.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	4,070	2,175	1,895	3.8	4.2	3.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,405	625	770	1.3	1.2	1.4
Haitian Creole	1,285	575	710	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,580	3,560	4,020	7.2	6.9	7.4
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	835	400	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	835	400	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	300	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	500	250	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	380	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	375	185	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,050	2,815	3,240	5.7	5.5	6.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	230	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	1,295	630	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	305	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	4,430	1,970	2,460	4.2	3.8	4.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,185	1,045	1,135	2.1	2.0	2.1
Akan (Twi)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lingala	400	190	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Luba-Kasai	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	615	330	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	565	330	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	370	190	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	400	170	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	400	170	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	345	140	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,770	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,660	2,115	2,545	4.4	4.1	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,465	1,995	2,475	4.2	3.9	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,455	1,055	1,405	2.3	2.0	2.6
Métis	1,910	895	1,020	1.8	1.7	1.9
Inuk (Inuit)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	101,110	49,430	51,685	95.6	95.9	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,770	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	725	335	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	105,055	51,215	53,835	99.3	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,040	...	...	64.6	...	...
Renter	16,435	...	...	35.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,385	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not condominium	41,085	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,515	...	...	9.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,985	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,805	...	...	40.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,960	...	...	21.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,045	...	...	25.9	...	...
5 rooms	8,445	...	...	18.2	...	...
6 rooms	6,575	...	...	14.1	...	...
7 rooms	6,175	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,230	...	...	28.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,060	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,870	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,600	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,370	...	...	9.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,465	...	...	33.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,285	...	...	17.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,415	...	...	16.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,565	...	...	7.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,190	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,585	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,590	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,760	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,710	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,325	...	...	54.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,810	...	...	42.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,330	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,390	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,520	...	...	14.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,240	...	...	17.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,495	...	...	18.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,165	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,250	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,610	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	800	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,875	...	...	86.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,470	...	...	14.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,010	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,085	...	...	21.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,875	...	...	12.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,375	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,150	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,390	...	...	78.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,520	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not in core need	43,365	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.5	...	...	67.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,191	...	...	1,191	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,800	...	...	324,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,430	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	887	...	...	887	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	105,775	51,545	54,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,245	1,905	2,340	4.0	3.7	4.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,200	1,885	2,315	4.0	3.7	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,490	1,605	1,880	3.3	3.1	3.5
Métis single ancestry	635	255	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,485	2,550	2,935	5.2	4.9	5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,410	2,505	2,910	5.1	4.9	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,665	2,145	2,520	4.4	4.2	4.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	715	345	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,045	47,090	48,955	90.8	91.4	90.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	105,775	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	101,380	49,390	51,995	95.8	95.8	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,245	10,835	10,415	20.1	21.0	19.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,135	38,550	41,580	75.8	74.8	76.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,390	2,160	2,235	4.2	4.2	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	105,775	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	92,525	45,105	47,420	87.5	87.5	87.4
Immigrants⁸¹	12,280	5,985	6,300	11.6	11.6	11.6
Before 1980	1,040	550	485	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	950	475	475	0.9	0.9	0.9
1991 to 2000	2,005	960	1,040	1.9	1.9	1.9
2001 to 2010	3,415	1,580	1,835	3.2	3.1	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,875	2,415	2,460	4.6	4.7	4.5
2011 to 2015	2,435	1,260	1,185	2.3	2.4	2.2
2016 to 2021	2,440	1,160	1,275	2.3	2.3	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	965	460	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,280	5,985	6,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,320	625	700	10.7	10.4	11.1
5 to 14 years	2,375	1,165	1,210	19.3	19.5	19.2
15 to 24 years	2,025	965	1,055	16.5	16.1	16.8
25 to 44 years	5,665	2,775	2,890	46.1	46.4	45.9
45 years and over	895	450	445	7.3	7.5	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,280	5,985	6,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,805	1,320	1,480	22.8	22.1	23.5
Brazil	65	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	625	265	360	5.1	4.4	5.7
El Salvador	155	85	65	1.3	1.4	1.0
Guyana	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haiti	1,010	470	540	8.2	7.9	8.6
Jamaica	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	170	65	100	1.4	1.1	1.6
Peru	85	55	35	0.7	0.9	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	225	115	110	1.8	1.9	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	420	220	195	3.4	3.7	3.1
Europe	2,405	1,165	1,245	19.6	19.5	19.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	185	90	95	1.5	1.5	1.5
Croatia	105	55	45	0.9	0.9	0.7
France	655	285	370	5.3	4.8	5.9
Germany	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	60	55	10	0.5	0.9	0.2
Netherlands	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portugal	500	250	250	4.1	4.2	4.0
Romania	165	85	85	1.3	1.4	1.4
Russian Federation	110	35	70	0.9	0.6	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	55	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.6
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	305	155	155	2.5	2.6	2.5
Africa	4,350	2,155	2,195	35.4	36.0	34.9
Algeria	455	240	215	3.7	4.0	3.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	445	225	220	3.6	3.8	3.5
Egypt	60	50	15	0.5	0.8	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	515	260	255	4.2	4.3	4.1
Nigeria	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,800	1,350	1,450	22.8	22.6	23.0
Asia	2,700	1,335	1,360	22.0	22.3	21.6
Afghanistan	70	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	55	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Iraq	75	45	30	0.6	0.8	0.5
Lebanon	1,335	700	640	10.9	11.7	10.2
Syria⁸⁹	220	110	110	1.8	1.8	1.7
Turkey	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	245	100	145	2.0	1.7	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	150	55	95	1.2	0.9	1.5
Viet Nam	45	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	60	20	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	305	145	160	2.5	2.4	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,440	1,160	1,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	375	170	200	15.4	14.7	15.6
Brazil	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Colombia	80	30	55	3.3	2.6	4.3
Haiti	135	75	60	5.5	6.5	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	25	1.4	0.9	2.0
United States of America	35	20	20	1.4	1.7	1.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	35	30	2.9	3.0	2.3
Europe	255	130	130	10.5	11.2	10.2
France	150	75	75	6.1	6.5	5.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.6
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	45	30	2.9	3.9	2.3
Africa	1,250	620	630	51.2	53.4	49.2
Algeria	55	35	20	2.3	3.0	1.6
Burundi	235	135	100	9.6	11.6	7.8
Cameroon	265	125	145	10.9	10.8	11.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	10	1.8	2.6	0.8
Côte d'Ivoire	105	30	70	4.3	2.6	5.5
Egypt	20	10	0	0.8	0.9	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	95	50	50	3.9	4.3	3.9
Nigeria	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	100	45	50	4.1	3.9	3.9
Other places of birth in Africa	310	145	165	12.7	12.5	12.9
Asia	560	240	320	23.0	20.7	25.0
Afghanistan	35	25	10	1.4	2.2	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	20	10	1.2	1.7	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	90	30	60	3.7	2.6	4.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	15	35	2.0	1.3	2.7
Philippines	80	35	45	3.3	3.0	3.5
Saudi Arabia	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	140	65	75	5.7	5.6	5.9
Turkey	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	40	2.7	2.6	3.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	105,775	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,990	6,845	7,145	13.2	13.3	13.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,720	4,425	4,290	8.2	8.6	7.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,065	40,270	42,795	78.5	78.1	78.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,240	5,430	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,385	2,770	2,615	47.9	51.0	45.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,215	1,325	890	19.7	24.4	15.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,170	1,445	1,730	28.2	26.6	29.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,980	1,265	1,715	26.5	23.3	29.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,710	1,330	1,385	24.1	24.5	23.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	170	70	100	1.5	1.3	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,240	5,430	5,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	850	435	420	7.6	8.0	7.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	595	325	265	5.3	6.0	4.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	125	90	2.0	2.3	1.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	245	190	3.8	4.5	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	20	45	0.6	0.4	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,085	4,280	4,800	80.8	78.8	82.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	105,775	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,625	7,155	7,470	13.8	13.9	13.8
South Asian	375	160	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese	465	175	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	7,205	3,525	3,680	6.8	6.8	6.8
Filipino	230	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab	3,570	1,860	1,705	3.4	3.6	3.1
Latin American	1,715	810	905	1.6	1.6	1.7
Southeast Asian	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	375	200	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,150	44,395	46,755	86.2	86.1	86.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	105,775	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,305	16,025	17,275	31.5	31.1	31.9
English	2,860	1,440	1,420	2.7	2.8	2.6
Irish	7,140	3,350	3,795	6.8	6.5	7.0
Scottish	2,900	1,370	1,535	2.7	2.7	2.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,855	12,325	12,520	23.5	23.9	23.1
German	2,050	925	1,120	1.9	1.8	2.1
Chinese	535	200	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italian	1,665	860	805	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indian (India)	385	180	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukrainian	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Polish	355	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	10,615	5,200	5,415	10.0	10.1	10.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	230	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
French Canadian	7,985	3,900	4,090	7.5	7.6	7.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,545	1,330	1,215	2.4	2.6	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,540	1,610	1,930	3.3	3.1	3.6
Métis	1,460	670	795	1.4	1.3	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,520	720	800	1.4	1.4	1.5
Russian	265	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norwegian	155	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Welsh	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	1,710	865	850	1.6	1.7	1.6
American	560	245	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	915	455	460	0.9	0.9	0.8
Swedish	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	1,175	595	580	1.1	1.2	1.1
Pakistani	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,370	670	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jewish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	875	455	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Greek	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	210	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	230	70	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	290	125	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	2,255	1,205	1,050	2.1	2.3	1.9
Iranian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	975	465	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Danish	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,170	590	580	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	55	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belgian	555	225	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	1,565	740	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	290	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	230	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	415	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	365	185	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	580	265	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	570	290	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Czech	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	235	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	355	185	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Brazilian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	2,015	940	1,075	1.9	1.8	2.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	740	375	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	435	250	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	505	245	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guatemalan	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	565	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Argentinian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	220	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	155	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	720	385	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	370	185	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	145	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	90	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	105,770	51,545	54,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	250	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	71,465	33,740	37,725	67.6	65.5	69.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,635	3,670	3,965	7.2	7.1	7.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	730	320	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catholic	58,850	27,655	31,195	55.6	53.7	57.5
Christian Orthodox	945	510	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	470	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	650	335	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Reformed	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,360	645	715	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hindu	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	3,445	1,765	1,685	3.3	3.4	3.1
Sikh	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	445	200	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	29,965	15,665	14,300	28.3	30.4	26.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	104,700	50,995	53,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,375	44,810	47,565	88.2	87.9	88.6
Movers	12,325	6,180	6,135	11.8	12.1	11.4
Non-migrants	8,750	4,415	4,340	8.4	8.7	8.1
Migrants	3,570	1,770	1,800	3.4	3.5	3.4
Internal migrants	3,115	1,515	1,600	3.0	3.0	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,725	820	910	1.6	1.6	1.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,390	700	695	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	455	250	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	100,400	48,680	51,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,860	29,485	31,375	60.6	60.6	60.7
Movers	39,540	19,190	20,345	39.4	39.4	39.3
Non-migrants	25,615	12,300	13,315	25.5	25.3	25.7
Migrants	13,920	6,895	7,035	13.9	14.2	13.6
Internal migrants	11,130	5,515	5,610	11.1	11.3	10.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,590	3,690	3,900	7.6	7.6	7.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,540	1,830	1,715	3.5	3.8	3.3
External migrants	2,790	1,370	1,420	2.8	2.8	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,480	42,170	45,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,300	11,390	9,905	24.3	27.0	21.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,185	30,775	35,405	75.7	73.0	78.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,695	27,960	29,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,590	6,050	4,540	18.4	21.6	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,110	21,915	25,190	81.7	78.4	84.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	87,480	42,165	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,775	9,815	8,965	21.5	23.3	19.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,335	10,250	11,085	24.4	24.3	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,365	22,100	25,265	54.1	52.4	55.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,685	14,735	15,950	35.1	34.9	35.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,025	6,560	5,465	13.7	15.6	12.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,570	3,965	4,605	9.8	9.4	10.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,455	2,600	860	3.9	6.2	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,885	7,020	8,865	18.2	16.6	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,775	1,150	1,625	3.2	2.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,680	7,370	9,310	19.1	17.5	20.5
Bachelor's degree	11,070	4,555	6,515	12.7	10.8	14.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,470	690	785	1.7	1.6	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	3,475	1,775	1,705	4.0	4.2	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	435	235	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,695	27,965	29,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,805	4,975	3,830	15.3	17.8	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,850	5,890	5,955	20.5	21.1	20.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,050	17,090	19,955	64.2	61.1	67.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,320	11,240	12,080	40.4	40.2	40.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,380	5,015	4,365	16.3	17.9	14.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,695	3,005	3,695	11.6	10.7	12.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,685	2,015	670	4.7	7.2	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,920	5,355	6,560	20.7	19.1	22.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,015	860	1,155	3.5	3.1	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,730	5,855	7,875	23.8	20.9	26.5
Bachelor's degree	8,995	3,610	5,390	15.6	12.9	18.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,220	535	685	2.1	1.9	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	2,945	1,425	1,515	5.1	5.1	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360	185	175	0.6	0.7	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	87,480	42,165	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,110	20,065	20,045	45.9	47.6	44.2
Education	3,320	725	2,595	3.8	1.7	5.7
13. Education	3,320	725	2,595	3.8	1.7	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250	495	760	1.4	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	375	700	1.2	0.9	1.5
Humanities	2,580	1,095	1,485	2.9	2.6	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	595	170	425	0.7	0.4	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,100	460	640	1.3	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	130	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	165	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	100	205	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,445	1,845	3,600	6.2	4.4	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	690	240	450	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	65	845	1.0	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	910	305	605	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	835	185	645	1.0	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,890	970	925	2.2	2.3	2.0
Business, management and public administration	12,310	4,320	7,995	14.1	10.2	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	970	315	660	1.1	0.7	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,315	3,995	7,325	12.9	9.5	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,410	655	765	1.6	1.6	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	575	200	380	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	220	100	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	315	220	95	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,745	1,970	775	3.1	4.7	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,300	1,820	475	2.6	4.3	1.0
25. Library science	280	40	240	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	100	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,860	7,275	580	9.0	17.3	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	300	210	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,110	940	165	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,805	1,575	225	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,490	2,450	40	2.8	5.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,355	1,325	25	1.5	3.1	0.1
48. Precision production	795	775	25	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	775	460	315	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	340	235	105	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	5,665	1,130	4,540	6.5	2.7	10.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	180	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,255	895	4,360	6.0	2.1	9.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,990	2,135	1,855	4.6	5.1	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,105	565	1,545	2.4	1.3	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,210	945	265	1.4	2.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	535	45	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	57,695	27,960	29,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,650	10,865	9,780	35.8	38.9	32.9
Education	2,375	500	1,870	4.1	1.8	6.3
13. Education	2,375	500	1,870	4.1	1.8	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	925	360	565	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	100	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	780	255	525	1.4	0.9	1.8
Humanities	1,710	700	1,010	3.0	2.5	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	435	100	330	0.8	0.4	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	275	390	1.2	1.0	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	75	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
54. History	150	95	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	75	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,505	1,465	3,040	7.8	5.2	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	605	205	400	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	765	55	705	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	745	215	525	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	60	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	680	135	540	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,555	790	760	2.7	2.8	2.6
Business, management and public administration	9,825	3,360	6,465	17.0	12.0	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	760	235	525	1.3	0.8	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,045	3,115	5,930	15.7	11.1	19.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	425	520	1.6	1.5	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	160	310	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	235	160	80	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,405	1,750	655	4.2	6.3	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,055	1,635	420	3.6	5.8	1.4
25. Library science	205	25	185	0.4	0.1	0.6
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,090	5,585	505	10.6	20.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	230	160	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	920	770	150	1.6	2.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,450	1,255	195	2.5	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,925	1,890	35	3.3	6.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,010	995	20	1.8	3.6	0.1
48. Precision production	550	525	25	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	390	265	1.1	1.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	360	185	175	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	205	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	4,505	925	3,585	7.8	3.3	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	270	145	130	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,165	740	3,425	7.2	2.6	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,110	1,645	1,465	5.4	5.9	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,645	420	1,225	2.9	1.5	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	930	730	205	1.6	2.6	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	435	35	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	57,695	27,960	29,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,650	10,865	9,780	35.8	38.9	32.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,045	17,095	19,950	64.2	61.1	67.1
Location of study inside Canada	33,670	15,455	18,215	58.4	55.3	61.3
Same as province or territory of residence	23,905	10,765	13,135	41.4	38.5	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	9,765	4,685	5,080	16.9	16.8	17.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,380	1,645	1,735	5.9	5.9	5.8
Americas	635	280	355	1.1	1.0	1.2
United States of America	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexico	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	880	460	415	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belgium	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	370	205	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	1,015	545	470	1.8	1.9	1.6
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	155	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	595	330	265	1.0	1.2	0.9
Asia	820	345	475	1.4	1.2	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	300	125	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	87,480	42,165	45,310	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,995	28,445	27,550	...	...	...
Employed	50,740	25,725	25,015	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,255	2,720	2,535	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,480	13,725	17,760	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.0	67.5	60.8	64.0	67.5	60.8
Employment rate	58.0	61.0	55.2	58.0	61.0	55.2
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.6	9.2	9.4	9.6	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	87,480	42,165	45,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,520	13,745	17,775	36.0	32.6	39.2
Worked	55,960	28,425	27,535	64.0	67.4	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,510	16,700	15,810	37.2	39.6	34.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,450	11,725	11,725	26.8	27.8	25.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.6	42.2	42.4	42.6	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,995	28,445	27,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	620	650	2.3	2.2	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,725	27,820	26,905	97.7	97.8	97.6
Employee	49,740	24,715	25,025	88.8	86.9	90.8
Permanent position	41,775	20,970	20,810	74.6	73.7	75.5
Temporary position	7,965	3,750	4,220	14.2	13.2	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,835	1,225	1,610	5.1	4.3	5.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,130	2,520	2,605	9.2	8.9	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,985	3,105	1,875	8.9	10.9	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,995	28,445	27,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	620	650	2.3	2.2	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,725	27,820	26,905	97.7	97.8	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	625	395	230	1.1	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,510	3,815	8,700	22.3	13.4	31.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,040	3,200	840	7.2	11.2	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,905	860	3,045	7.0	3.0	11.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,195	2,660	5,535	14.6	9.4	20.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,485	705	785	2.7	2.5	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	13,950	7,000	6,950	24.9	24.6	25.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,750	8,135	615	15.6	28.6	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	435	355	75	0.8	1.2	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	825	695	135	1.5	2.4	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,995	28,445	27,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	620	650	2.3	2.2	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	54,725	27,820	26,905	97.7	97.8	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	130	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	325	240	90	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	5,030	4,525	505	9.0	15.9	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,485	1,175	310	2.7	4.1	1.1
41 Wholesale trade	780	635	145	1.4	2.2	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,660	3,535	3,130	11.9	12.4	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,875	1,515	365	3.3	5.3	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	735	465	270	1.3	1.6	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,180	570	605	2.1	2.0	2.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	710	405	305	1.3	1.4	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,365	1,350	1,020	4.2	4.7	3.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,635	1,690	945	4.7	5.9	3.4
61 Educational services	4,100	1,265	2,835	7.3	4.4	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,290	1,580	5,710	13.0	5.6	20.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	800	450	350	1.4	1.6	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,895	1,370	1,525	5.2	4.8	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,180	950	1,235	3.9	3.3	4.5
91 Public administration	13,370	5,885	7,480	23.9	20.7	27.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,590	30,240	29,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,935	4,015	2,920	11.6	13.3	10.0
French	27,645	13,645	14,000	46.4	45.1	47.7
Non-official language	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	24,265	12,210	12,050	40.7	40.4	41.1
English and non-official language(s)	170	105	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	160	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,590	30,240	29,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,970	27,970	27,000	92.2	92.5	92.0
Official languages	54,760	27,850	26,910	91.9	92.1	91.7
English	14,860	8,305	6,560	24.9	27.5	22.4
French	39,905	19,550	20,355	67.0	64.6	69.4
Non-official languages	205	120	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	205	120	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,620	2,275	2,345	7.8	7.5	8.0
English and French	4,505	2,210	2,290	7.6	7.3	7.8
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,590	30,240	29,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,205	19,970	19,240	65.8	66.0	65.6
English	12,160	5,870	6,290	20.4	19.4	21.4
French	7,765	4,200	3,565	13.0	13.9	12.1
Non-official language	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,740	25,725	25,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,225	5,550	7,675	26.1	21.6	30.7
Worked outside Canada	35	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,285	5,015	1,270	12.4	19.5	5.1
Usual place of work	31,195	15,140	16,055	61.5	58.9	64.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,190	15,140	16,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,385	10,720	12,665	75.0	70.8	78.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	630	520	3.7	4.2	3.2
Commute to a different province or territory	6,665	3,795	2,870	21.4	25.1	17.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,480	20,150	17,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,675	17,590	14,090	84.5	87.3	81.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,220	16,445	12,775	78.0	81.6	73.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,455	1,140	1,315	6.6	5.7	7.6
Public transit	3,385	1,460	1,925	9.0	7.2	11.1
Walked	1,410	635	775	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bicycle	230	170	65	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	775	305	470	2.1	1.5	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,480	20,150	17,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,510	5,550	5,955	30.7	27.5	34.4
15 to 29 minutes	14,670	7,785	6,885	39.1	38.6	39.8
30 to 44 minutes	7,020	4,355	2,665	18.7	21.6	15.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,440	1,395	1,045	6.5	6.9	6.0
60 minutes and over	1,840	1,065	775	4.9	5.3	4.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,480	20,150	17,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,185	2,510	670	8.5	12.5	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,565	5,500	3,065	22.9	27.3	17.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,005	5,110	5,895	29.4	25.4	34.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,415	2,785	3,630	17.1	13.8	21.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,270	1,500	1,775	8.7	7.4	10.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,050	2,755	2,290	13.5	13.7	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,325	11,400	10,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,500	1,785	1,715	15.7	15.7	15.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,825	9,620	9,205	84.3	84.4	84.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,540	8,475	8,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,565	1,305	1,265	15.5	15.4	15.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,550	805	745	9.4	9.5	9.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,015	500	520	6.1	5.9	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,975	7,170	6,800	84.5	84.6	84.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table