Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Gaspésie--Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine--ListugujMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,225	54,560	55,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,660	6,925	6,730	12.4	12.7	12.1
0 to 4 years	4,000	2,020	1,980	3.6	3.7	3.6
5 to 9 years	4,635	2,340	2,295	4.2	4.3	4.1
10 to 14 years	5,030	2,570	2,455	4.6	4.7	4.4
15 to 64 years	63,670	31,790	31,885	57.8	58.3	57.3
15 to 19 years	4,410	2,345	2,075	4.0	4.3	3.7
20 to 24 years	4,190	2,215	1,975	3.8	4.1	3.5
25 to 29 years	4,675	2,335	2,340	4.2	4.3	4.2
30 to 34 years	5,180	2,545	2,635	4.7	4.7	4.7
35 to 39 years	5,360	2,670	2,695	4.9	4.9	4.8
40 to 44 years	5,970	3,050	2,925	5.4	5.6	5.3
45 to 49 years	6,075	2,990	3,080	5.5	5.5	5.5
50 to 54 years	6,800	3,345	3,450	6.2	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	9,615	4,720	4,895	8.7	8.7	8.8
60 to 64 years	11,395	5,585	5,815	10.3	10.2	10.4
65 years and over	32,890	15,840	17,055	29.8	29.0	30.6
65 to 69 years	10,765	5,475	5,295	9.8	10.0	9.5
70 to 74 years	9,040	4,475	4,565	8.2	8.2	8.2
75 to 79 years	6,070	2,955	3,115	5.5	5.4	5.6
80 to 84 years	3,720	1,715	2,005	3.4	3.1	3.6
85 years and over	3,305	1,225	2,080	3.0	2.2	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,135	865	1,275	1.9	1.6	2.3
90 to 94 years	905	310	595	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	230	45	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4	12.7	12.1	12.4	12.7	12.1
15 to 64 years	57.8	58.3	57.3	57.8	58.3	57.3
65 years and over	29.8	29.0	30.6	29.8	29.0	30.6
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.7	3.0	2.2	3.7
Average age of the population	48.9	48.2	49.6	48.9	48.2	49.6
Median age of the population	54.4	53.6	54.8	54.4	53.6	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	39,845	...	...	76.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	560	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,125	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,920	...	...	13.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	800	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,000	...	...	36.2	...	...
2 persons	20,635	...	...	39.3	...	...
3 persons	6,385	...	...	12.2	...	...
4 persons	4,465	...	...	8.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,980	...	...	3.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,975	53,570	54,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,565	47,630	48,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,140	27,600	27,540	57.1	57.9	56.3
Married	28,495	14,290	14,205	29.5	30.0	29.0
Living common-law	26,645	13,305	13,340	27.6	27.9	27.3
Living common law - Never married	22,300	11,070	11,230	23.1	23.2	22.9
Living common law - Separated	245	105	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,440	1,850	1,590	3.6	3.9	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	660	275	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	41,425	20,030	21,395	42.9	42.1	43.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,860	14,920	11,940	27.8	31.3	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,145	550	590	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,055	2,770	3,285	6.3	5.8	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,365	1,785	5,580	7.6	3.7	11.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,770	...	...	64.3	...	...
3 persons	5,965	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	4,070	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,500	...	...	4.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,160	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	13,845	...	...	42.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,440	...	...	10.6	...	...
Without children	10,400	...	...	32.2	...	...
Common-law couples	13,315	...	...	41.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,475	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	6,840	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,145	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,735	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,405	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,975	53,570	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,635	41,700	41,935	77.5	77.8	77.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,325	27,155	27,170	50.3	50.7	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,145	1,405	3,735	4.8	2.6	6.9
Children⁶	24,170	13,140	11,030	22.4	24.5	20.3
In a two-parent family	16,970	9,120	7,850	15.7	17.0	14.4
In a one-parent family	7,200	4,025	3,175	6.7	7.5	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,335	11,865	12,475	22.5	22.1	22.9
Living alone	19,000	9,175	9,820	17.6	17.1	18.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,600	1,195	1,400	2.4	2.2	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,740	1,490	1,250	2.5	2.8	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,040	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	25,630	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,320	...	...	17.8	...	...
Without children	16,315	...	...	31.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,410	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	670	...	...	1.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,590	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	18,995	...	...	36.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,320	46,640	47,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,065	46,045	47,025	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,200	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,080	46,050	47,030	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,200	32,800	35,200	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,485	39,490	37,995	82.2	84.7	79.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,000	29,600	24,800	27,000	29,600	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,570	31,170	28,400	63.2	66.8	59.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	31,200	27,600	29,400	31,200	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,215	39,950	42,270	87.2	85.7	88.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,300	16,200	14,600	15,300	16,200	14,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,185	13,280	8,910	23.5	28.5	18.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	11,100	8,200	9,900	11,100	8,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,070	11,445	10,625	23.4	24.5	22.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	6,000	6,000	5,520	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,320	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,985	45,940	47,050	98.6	98.5	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,280	47,200	39,440	43,280	47,200	39,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,985	45,940	47,050	98.6	98.5	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,640	39,160	34,160	36,640	39,160	34,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,585	39,430	38,150	82.3	84.6	80.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,240	39,720	32,640	36,240	39,720	32,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,585	31,080	28,510	63.2	66.7	59.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,120	40,440	35,560	38,120	40,440	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,180	40,085	42,090	87.1	86.0	88.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,720	15,000	14,480	14,720	15,000	14,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,245	13,390	8,855	23.6	28.7	18.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,410	10,970	9,560	10,410	10,970	9,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,910	11,380	10,530	23.2	24.4	22.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,810	7,190	6,990	6,810	7,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,320	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,355	11,030	12,320	24.8	23.7	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	55,600	48,400	51,600	55,600	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,850	63,300	54,850	58,850	63,300	54,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,440	16,105	13,340	31.2	34.5	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,800	15,800	18,800	21,800	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,560	31,400	22,900	27,560	31,400	22,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	72.2	67.2	70.0	72.2	67.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.4	58.0	54.7	56.4	58.0	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.1	27.7	32.8	30.1	27.7	32.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.8	6.8	4.6	5.8	6.8	4.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.3	5.3	4.8	4.3	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.6	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,320	46,640	47,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,255	600	655	1.3	1.3	1.4
With total income	93,065	46,045	47,025	98.7	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,170	2,140	3,025	5.6	4.6	6.4
$10,000 to $19,999	13,730	5,565	8,165	14.8	12.1	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	18,325	8,390	9,935	19.7	18.2	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,455	7,020	7,430	15.5	15.3	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,250	6,970	6,280	14.2	15.1	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,545	5,055	4,495	10.3	11.0	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,880	3,210	2,670	6.3	7.0	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,865	2,260	1,605	4.2	4.9	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,840	1,580	1,265	3.1	3.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,850	1,065	785	2.0	2.3	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,155	2,785	1,370	4.5	6.0	2.9
$100,000 to $149,999	3,045	2,005	1,040	3.3	4.4	2.2
$150,000 and over	1,110	780	330	1.2	1.7	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,320	46,640	47,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,245	595	645	1.3	1.3	1.4
With after-tax income	93,080	46,050	47,030	98.7	98.7	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,495	2,250	3,245	5.9	4.9	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	14,225	5,820	8,405	15.3	12.6	17.9
$20,000 to $29,999	21,605	9,915	11,690	23.2	21.5	24.9
$30,000 to $39,999	18,230	9,425	8,805	19.6	20.5	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,360	7,740	6,615	15.4	16.8	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,015	4,420	3,595	8.6	9.6	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,720	2,550	2,170	5.1	5.5	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,690	1,475	1,215	2.9	3.2	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,495	890	605	1.6	1.9	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	760	535	235	0.8	1.2	0.5
$100,000 and over	1,480	1,030	455	1.6	2.2	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	845	605	240	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	635	420	215	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,320	46,640	47,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	34,750	15,470	19,280	36.8	33.2	40.4
With employment income	59,570	31,170	28,400	63.2	66.8	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,390	3,890	3,500	12.4	12.5	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,785	2,135	2,655	8.0	6.8	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,495	5,245	5,245	17.6	16.8	18.5
$20,000 to $29,999	7,530	3,875	3,655	12.6	12.4	12.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,865	3,470	3,400	11.5	11.1	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,120	3,025	3,095	10.3	9.7	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,595	2,520	2,080	7.7	8.1	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,250	1,835	1,420	5.5	5.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320	1,395	925	3.9	4.5	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,000	1,035	965	3.4	3.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,260	745	510	2.1	2.4	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,955	2,000	950	5.0	6.4	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,610	1,055	555	2.7	3.4	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,345	945	395	2.3	3.0	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,320	46,640	47,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,260	45,605	46,655	97.8	97.8	97.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	29,800	34,000	38,400	29,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,285	45,610	46,675	97.8	97.8	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,000	27,400	30,600	34,000	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,805	39,205	37,600	81.4	84.1	78.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	30,800	25,000	27,800	30,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,085	31,755	29,330	64.8	68.1	61.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	31,800	26,600	29,000	31,800	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,145	37,750	40,395	82.9	80.9	84.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,200	14,200	12,400	13,200	14,200	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	23,055	13,755	9,295	24.4	29.5	19.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	10,800	8,000	9,700	10,800	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,320	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,165	45,460	46,705	97.7	97.5	97.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	46,400	36,520	41,400	46,400	36,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,185	45,460	46,720	97.7	97.5	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,920	38,280	31,680	34,920	38,280	31,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,960	39,180	37,775	81.6	84.0	79.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,840	41,360	32,120	36,840	41,360	32,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,105	31,690	29,410	64.8	68.0	61.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	33,760	37,600	41,200	33,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,155	37,830	40,325	82.9	81.1	84.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,560	12,920	12,220	12,560	12,920	12,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,340	13,920	9,420	24.7	29.9	19.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,220	10,860	9,280	10,220	10,860	9,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,320	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,205	10,980	12,225	24.6	23.5	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	53,200	44,800	48,400	53,200	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,050	60,500	50,160	55,050	60,500	50,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,355	15,585	12,775	30.1	33.4	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	24,000	17,800	21,000	24,000	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,760	35,400	25,160	30,760	35,400	25,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	74.2	76.8	71.2	74.2	76.8	71.2
Employment income (%)	60.2	61.9	58.2	60.2	61.9	58.2
Government transfers (%)	25.8	23.2	28.9	25.8	23.2	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.3	7.2	5.1	6.3	7.2	5.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800	...	...	29,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,120	...	...	39,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,800	...	...	33,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...	82,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,355	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,875	...	...	9.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,150	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,555	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,500	...	...	6.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,780	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,495	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,585	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,925	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,630	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,310	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,285	...	...	25.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,205	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,205	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,165	...	...	6.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,715	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,410	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,125	...	...	9.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,630	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,315	...	...	6.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,835	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,200	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,735	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,075	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,640	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,100	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,415	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,925	...	...	17.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,430	...	...	8.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,390	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,110	...	...	4.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,740	10,665	11,075	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	35,200	29,200	32,000	35,200	29,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	31,600	27,800	29,400	31,600	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...	70,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...	111,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,950	...	...	60,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,655	10,535	11,120	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,680	41,480	36,040	38,680	41,480	36,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,480	35,080	31,960	33,480	35,080	31,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,975	53,570	54,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,385	8,375	8,010	15.2	15.6	14.7
0 to 5 years	4,850	2,465	2,390	4.5	4.6	4.4
18 to 64 years	60,380	29,985	30,395	55.9	56.0	55.9
65 years and over	31,210	15,210	16,000	28.9	28.4	29.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,055	7,385	8,665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,395	690	705	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	190	205	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,920	2,870	3,050	...	...	...
65 years and over	8,735	3,825	4,915	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.9	13.8	15.9	14.9	13.8	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	8.3	8.8	8.5	8.3	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.2	7.9	8.5	8.2	7.9	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.6	10.0	9.8	9.6	10.0
65 years and over (%)	28.0	25.1	30.7	28.0	25.1	30.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,340	53,265	54,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,185	8,280	7,905	15.1	15.5	14.6
0 to 5 years	4,795	2,435	2,365	4.5	4.6	4.4
18 to 64 years	60,000	29,805	30,195	55.9	56.0	55.8
65 years and over	31,155	15,190	15,970	29.0	28.5	29.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,280	1,190	1,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	175	100	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	20	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,820	980	840	...	...	...
65 years and over	285	110	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.3	2.8	3.0	3.3	2.8
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,975	53,570	54,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,320	33,170	35,150	63.3	61.9	64.6
In bottom decile	12,455	5,740	6,715	11.5	10.7	12.3
In second decile	14,945	7,085	7,860	13.8	13.2	14.4
In third decile	13,935	6,820	7,120	12.9	12.7	13.1
In fourth decile	14,030	7,015	7,015	13.0	13.1	12.9
In fifth decile	12,960	6,515	6,440	12.0	12.2	11.8
In top half of the distribution	39,655	20,400	19,255	36.7	38.1	35.4
In sixth decile	11,835	6,080	5,755	11.0	11.3	10.6
In seventh decile	9,835	5,075	4,765	9.1	9.5	8.8
In eighth decile	8,395	4,290	4,105	7.8	8.0	7.5
In ninth decile	6,135	3,150	2,985	5.7	5.9	5.5
In top decile	3,455	1,800	1,650	3.2	3.4	3.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,975	...	...	107,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.474	...	...	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.251	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,285	54,095	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,795	1,930	1,865	3.5	3.6	3.4
French only	77,315	37,060	40,250	70.7	68.5	72.9
English and French	28,130	15,080	13,055	25.7	27.9	23.7
Neither English nor French	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,285	54,095	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,655	3,810	3,845	7.0	7.0	7.0
French	101,190	50,060	51,125	92.6	92.5	92.6
English and French	410	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,285	54,095	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,080	53,495	54,585	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	107,315	53,105	54,210	98.2	98.2	98.2
English	7,195	3,565	3,630	6.6	6.6	6.6
French	100,115	49,535	50,585	91.6	91.6	91.6
Non-official languages	765	390	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	165	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq	170	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	595	320	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	320	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	230	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,205	600	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	1,070	525	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,285	54,095	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,005	2,965	3,045	5.5	5.5	5.5
French	98,840	48,895	49,945	90.4	90.4	90.5
Non-official language	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	3,530	1,745	1,785	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	285	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,285	54,095	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,400	53,670	54,730	99.2	99.2	99.2
Official languages	108,095	53,505	54,590	98.9	98.9	98.9
English	7,020	3,450	3,565	6.4	6.4	6.5
French	101,080	50,050	51,025	92.5	92.5	92.4
Non-official languages	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	885	425	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	760	370	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,285	54,095	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	105,855	52,365	53,495	96.9	96.8	96.9
English	2,000	1,020	985	1.8	1.9	1.8
French	910	425	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	310	180	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,960	53,545	54,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,760	16,975	14,780	29.4	31.7	27.2
French	104,180	51,695	52,485	96.5	96.5	96.4
Non-official languages	2,600	1,200	1,400	2.4	2.2	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	300	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,295	1,030	1,265	2.1	1.9	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,850	820	1,030	1.7	1.5	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,575	690	885	1.5	1.3	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,385	605	785	1.3	1.1	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,270	3,265	3,005	5.8	6.1	5.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,010	3,140	2,870	5.6	5.9	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,225	1,105	1,120	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis	3,705	1,995	1,710	3.4	3.7	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	75	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	101,725	50,295	51,430	94.2	93.9	94.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,615	815	805	1.5	1.5	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,375	52,745	53,630	98.5	98.5	98.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,800	...	...	72.0	...	...
Renter	14,575	...	...	27.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,515	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not condominium	49,950	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,065	...	...	11.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,670	...	...	29.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,515	...	...	35.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,080	...	...	23.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,575	...	...	25.9	...	...
5 rooms	9,850	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	8,660	...	...	16.5	...	...
7 rooms	6,625	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,765	...	...	26.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,355	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,740	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	725	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,725	...	...	31.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,210	...	...	34.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,030	...	...	13.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,075	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,280	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,930	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,770	...	...	3.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,445	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,010	...	...	91.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,460	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,845	...	...	58.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,565	...	...	39.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,050	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,035	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,615	...	...	8.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,175	...	...	11.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,400	...	...	14.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,580	...	...	24.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,520	...	...	23.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,275	...	...	12.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,865	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	46,960	...	...	90.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,960	...	...	9.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,570	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,520	...	...	18.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,420	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not suitable only	615	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,855	...	...	7.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	520	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,945	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,050	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not in core need	49,475	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.2	...	...	49.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	775	...	...	775	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	185,600	...	...	185,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.2	...	...	15.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	576	...	...	576	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	586	...	...	586	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	396	...	...	396	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,615	2,340	2,275	4.3	4.4	4.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,560	2,305	2,260	4.2	4.3	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,675	1,315	1,355	2.5	2.5	2.5
Métis single ancestry	1,880	980	890	1.7	1.8	1.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,815	1,920	1,895	3.5	3.6	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,730	1,860	1,865	3.5	3.5	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,790	1,360	1,430	2.6	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	905	485	425	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	99,560	49,300	50,260	92.2	92.1	92.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,005	53,025	53,985	99.1	99.0	99.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,365	8,430	7,930	15.2	15.7	14.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,640	44,595	46,045	83.9	83.3	84.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	985	535	455	0.9	1.0	0.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	106,095	52,560	53,535	98.2	98.1	98.3
Immigrants⁸¹	1,445	705	735	1.3	1.3	1.4
Before 1980	360	195	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	355	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	480	190	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2015	200	70	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
2016 to 2021	280	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	450	290	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,445	705	735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	190	85	105	13.1	12.1	14.3
5 to 14 years	200	100	100	13.8	14.2	13.6
15 to 24 years	225	105	125	15.6	14.9	17.0
25 to 44 years	705	370	330	48.8	52.5	44.9
45 years and over	130	50	80	9.0	7.1	10.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,445	705	735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	250	95	150	17.3	13.5	20.4
Brazil	25	0	25	1.7	0.0	3.4
Colombia	20	15	0	1.4	2.1	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	15	20	2.4	2.1	2.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	15	45	4.2	2.1	6.1
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	40	5.2	5.0	5.4
Europe	735	375	355	50.9	53.2	48.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	430	235	195	29.8	33.3	26.5
Germany	60	15	40	4.2	2.1	5.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	30	10	20	2.1	1.4	2.7
Romania	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	25	3.1	3.5	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	100	55	45	6.9	7.8	6.1
Africa	265	145	120	18.3	20.6	16.3
Algeria	30	10	15	2.1	1.4	2.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	80	45	35	5.5	6.4	4.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	65	55	8.0	9.2	7.5
Asia	185	85	100	12.8	12.1	13.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	20	1.7	1.4	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	20	35	3.5	2.8	4.8
Viet Nam	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	2.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	10	1.7	2.1	1.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	275	120	155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	15	10.9	12.5	9.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	7.3	8.3	6.5
Europe	130	55	70	47.3	45.8	45.2
France	105	50	50	38.2	41.7	32.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	3.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	90	45	45	32.7	37.5	29.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	12.7	12.5	12.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	3.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	15	9.1	12.5	9.7
Asia	30	10	25	10.9	8.3	16.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	3.6	0.0	6.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	3.6	0.0	6.5
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,130	1,095	1,035	2.0	2.0	1.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,560	820	735	1.4	1.5	1.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	104,300	51,640	52,665	96.6	96.4	96.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,085	515	570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	580	300	285	53.5	58.3	50.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	355	220	135	32.7	42.7	23.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	230	80	150	21.2	15.5	26.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	470	200	270	43.3	38.8	47.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	20	2.8	2.9	3.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,085	515	570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10	2.3	2.9	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	200	110	85	18.4	21.4	14.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	20	3.7	4.9	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	40	55	8.8	7.8	9.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	15	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	710	305	405	65.4	59.2	71.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,045	520	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
South Asian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	400	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	145	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,945	53,030	53,915	99.0	99.0	99.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	40,320	19,815	20,505	37.3	37.0	37.7
English	2,975	1,395	1,580	2.8	2.6	2.9
Irish	6,355	2,975	3,380	5.9	5.6	6.2
Scottish	2,895	1,275	1,625	2.7	2.4	3.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,015	11,675	11,340	21.3	21.8	20.8
German	935	455	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	645	350	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indian (India)	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	12,850	6,430	6,415	11.9	12.0	11.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	405	215	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,185	4,500	4,690	8.5	8.4	8.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,375	1,195	1,180	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,830	895	940	1.7	1.7	1.7
Métis	2,905	1,540	1,365	2.7	2.9	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	770	440	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Russian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American	440	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	190	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	9,075	4,395	4,680	8.4	8.2	8.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,290	605	690	1.2	1.1	1.3
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	820	385	430	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	260	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,370	1,255	1,110	2.2	2.3	2.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	60	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	145	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	3,055	1,460	1,595	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norman	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,990	53,555	54,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	90,055	43,975	46,080	83.4	82.1	84.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,870	2,020	1,845	3.6	3.8	3.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,655	770	885	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baptist	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	82,270	40,155	42,110	76.2	75.0	77.4
Christian Orthodox	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	325	125	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	540	255	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	905	410	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hindu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	175	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	17,200	9,185	8,015	15.9	17.2	14.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,230	53,230	54,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,925	49,250	49,675	92.3	92.5	92.0
Movers	8,300	3,980	4,325	7.7	7.5	8.0
Non-migrants	4,580	2,135	2,445	4.3	4.0	4.5
Migrants	3,725	1,845	1,875	3.5	3.5	3.5
Internal migrants	3,570	1,775	1,795	3.3	3.3	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,290	1,630	1,660	3.1	3.1	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,045	51,635	52,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,915	37,925	37,990	73.0	73.4	72.5
Movers	28,130	13,710	14,420	27.0	26.6	27.5
Non-migrants	11,970	5,645	6,325	11.5	10.9	12.1
Migrants	16,160	8,065	8,095	15.5	15.6	15.4
Internal migrants	15,620	7,770	7,855	15.0	15.0	15.0
Intraprovincial migrants	14,750	7,335	7,415	14.2	14.2	14.1
Interprovincial migrants	865	430	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	540	295	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,320	46,635	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	29,160	16,190	12,970	30.9	34.7	27.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,165	30,440	34,720	69.1	65.3	72.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,515	26,815	27,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,785	7,685	5,100	23.5	28.7	18.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,730	19,130	22,600	76.5	71.3	81.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,325	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,190	13,945	12,245	27.8	29.9	25.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,955	9,360	10,600	21.2	20.1	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,175	23,330	24,845	51.1	50.0	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,160	18,990	18,170	39.4	40.7	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,730	11,925	6,805	19.9	25.6	14.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,755	7,920	5,840	14.6	17.0	12.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,975	4,010	965	5.3	8.6	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,700	6,145	9,560	16.6	13.2	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,730	920	1,810	2.9	2.0	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,015	4,340	6,675	11.7	9.3	14.0
Bachelor's degree	7,850	2,920	4,930	8.3	6.3	10.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	965	435	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	210	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,550	680	870	1.6	1.5	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,520	26,815	27,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,935	6,335	4,600	20.1	23.6	16.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,610	4,630	4,980	17.6	17.3	18.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,975	15,855	18,120	62.3	59.1	65.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,845	12,950	12,900	47.4	48.3	46.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,490	8,315	5,175	24.7	31.0	18.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,055	5,535	4,515	18.4	20.6	16.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,440	2,780	660	6.3	10.4	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,895	4,185	6,715	20.0	15.6	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,460	450	1,005	2.7	1.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,125	2,905	5,220	14.9	10.8	18.8
Bachelor's degree	5,705	1,990	3,715	10.5	7.4	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	265	450	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	115	190	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,245	480	765	2.3	1.8	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,320	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,145	23,305	22,845	48.9	50.0	47.9
Education	4,800	1,025	3,770	5.1	2.2	7.9
13. Education	4,800	1,025	3,770	5.1	2.2	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	965	445	520	1.0	1.0	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	805	345	455	0.9	0.7	1.0
Humanities	1,845	820	1,025	2.0	1.8	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	20	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,040	495	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	275	90	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,865	830	2,030	3.0	1.8	4.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	65	760	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	305	95	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	20	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	495	100	395	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	840	450	390	0.9	1.0	0.8
Business, management and public administration	9,625	2,230	7,395	10.2	4.8	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,145	145	1,000	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,475	2,090	6,385	9.0	4.5	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,145	640	500	1.2	1.4	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	250	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	250	105	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	225	185	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	640	380	260	0.7	0.8	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	490	340	155	0.5	0.7	0.3
25. Library science	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,620	11,060	565	12.3	23.7	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	265	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	600	520	75	0.6	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,670	1,515	150	1.8	3.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,340	3,245	95	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,385	3,300	80	3.6	7.1	0.2
48. Precision production	2,365	2,335	35	2.5	5.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,040	1,565	475	2.2	3.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	630	365	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,410	1,200	210	1.5	2.6	0.4
Health and related fields	7,625	1,255	6,365	8.1	2.7	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	170	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,070	1,010	6,060	7.5	2.2	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,985	3,060	1,930	5.3	6.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,215	595	1,620	2.3	1.3	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	715	520	195	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,055	1,940	115	2.2	4.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,515	26,815	27,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,540	10,960	9,580	37.7	40.9	34.6
Education	2,725	495	2,235	5.0	1.8	8.1
13. Education	2,725	495	2,235	5.0	1.8	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	755	345	410	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	630	270	360	1.2	1.0	1.3
Humanities	1,005	405	605	1.8	1.5	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	205	315	1.0	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195	65	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,205	560	1,640	4.0	2.1	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	60	140	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	625	50	575	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	225	60	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	20	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	400	55	350	0.7	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	635	320	310	1.2	1.2	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,005	1,355	5,650	12.8	5.1	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	70	845	1.7	0.3	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,085	1,285	4,805	11.2	4.8	17.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	405	295	1.3	1.5	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	190	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	55	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	165	120	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	490	295	195	0.9	1.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	420	285	135	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,225	7,745	480	15.1	28.9	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	225	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	455	385	65	0.8	1.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220	1,100	120	2.2	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,365	2,285	80	4.3	8.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,385	2,310	75	4.4	8.6	0.3
48. Precision production	1,575	1,545	30	2.9	5.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,465	1,075	385	2.7	4.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	280	215	0.9	1.0	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	970	800	170	1.8	3.0	0.6
Health and related fields	5,605	915	4,690	10.3	3.4	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	120	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,180	750	4,430	9.5	2.8	16.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,770	2,250	1,525	6.9	8.4	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,655	395	1,260	3.0	1.5	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	550	385	165	1.0	1.4	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,565	1,465	95	2.9	5.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,515	26,815	27,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,540	10,960	9,580	37.7	40.9	34.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,975	15,855	18,120	62.3	59.1	65.4
Location of study inside Canada	33,370	15,575	17,795	61.2	58.1	64.2
Same as province or territory of residence	32,230	15,080	17,150	59.1	56.2	61.9
Different than province or territory of residence	1,135	500	640	2.1	1.9	2.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	605	280	325	1.1	1.0	1.2
Americas	90	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	370	190	180	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belgium	40	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	260	140	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,320	46,630	47,690	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,745	25,740	25,010	...	...	...
Employed	45,230	22,485	22,745	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,510	3,250	2,260	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,575	20,895	22,685	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.8	55.2	52.4	53.8	55.2	52.4
Employment rate	48.0	48.2	47.7	48.0	48.2	47.7
Unemployment rate	10.9	12.6	9.0	10.9	12.6	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,320	46,630	47,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	40,080	18,655	21,425	42.5	40.0	44.9
Worked	54,240	27,975	26,260	57.5	60.0	55.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	23,780	11,285	12,495	25.2	24.2	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,460	16,690	13,765	32.3	35.8	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.1	35.7	38.7	37.1	35.7	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,745	25,740	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	530	555	2.1	2.1	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,665	25,210	24,455	97.9	97.9	97.8
Employee	44,690	22,240	22,445	88.1	86.4	89.8
Permanent position	30,900	14,505	16,400	60.9	56.4	65.6
Temporary position	13,785	7,735	6,050	27.2	30.1	24.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,600	1,075	1,530	5.1	4.2	6.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,190	6,670	4,520	22.1	25.9	18.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,975	2,965	2,005	9.8	11.5	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,745	25,740	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	530	555	2.1	2.1	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,665	25,210	24,455	97.9	97.9	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	745	515	230	1.5	2.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,215	1,490	4,725	12.2	5.8	18.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,945	1,495	455	3.8	5.8	1.8
3 Health occupations	4,820	790	4,030	9.5	3.1	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,830	1,645	5,185	13.5	6.4	20.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	980	480	505	1.9	1.9	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	13,095	5,485	7,610	25.8	21.3	30.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,935	8,420	515	17.6	32.7	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,070	2,645	425	6.0	10.3	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,025	2,260	765	6.0	8.8	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,745	25,740	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	530	555	2.1	2.1	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	49,665	25,210	24,455	97.9	97.9	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,595	2,950	650	7.1	11.5	2.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	515	495	15	1.0	1.9	0.1
22 Utilities	420	345	75	0.8	1.3	0.3
23 Construction	3,380	3,045	340	6.7	11.8	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	4,825	3,535	1,290	9.5	13.7	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	550	435	115	1.1	1.7	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,465	3,115	3,350	12.7	12.1	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,160	1,665	495	4.3	6.5	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	475	275	205	0.9	1.1	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	910	190	725	1.8	0.7	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	395	225	170	0.8	0.9	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,665	790	880	3.3	3.1	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,245	730	515	2.5	2.8	2.1
61 Educational services	3,945	1,050	2,900	7.8	4.1	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	9,075	1,685	7,385	17.9	6.5	29.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	885	550	335	1.7	2.1	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,000	1,125	1,875	5.9	4.4	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,440	1,165	1,270	4.8	4.5	5.1
91 Public administration	3,705	1,830	1,875	7.3	7.1	7.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,205	29,450	27,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,150	1,255	895	3.8	4.3	3.2
French	47,825	24,660	23,170	83.6	83.7	83.5
Non-official language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,085	3,470	3,615	12.4	11.8	13.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,205	29,450	27,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,270	29,010	27,255	98.4	98.5	98.2
Official languages	56,245	29,000	27,245	98.3	98.5	98.2
English	3,000	1,685	1,310	5.2	5.7	4.7
French	53,250	27,310	25,935	93.1	92.7	93.5
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	935	445	495	1.6	1.5	1.8
English and French	920	435	485	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,205	29,450	27,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,920	26,355	24,560	89.0	89.5	88.5
English	5,395	2,650	2,745	9.4	9.0	9.9
French	780	395	385	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-official language	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,235	22,490	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,155	2,140	3,015	11.4	9.5	13.3
Worked outside Canada	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,030	4,660	1,370	13.3	20.7	6.0
Usual place of work	34,005	15,665	18,350	75.2	69.7	80.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,010	15,660	18,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,445	10,095	12,345	66.0	64.5	67.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,420	3,410	4,005	21.8	21.8	21.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,680	1,945	1,735	10.8	12.4	9.5
Commute to a different province or territory	470	210	250	1.4	1.3	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,035	20,320	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,990	18,805	18,180	92.4	92.5	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,285	17,975	17,305	88.1	88.5	87.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	830	875	4.2	4.1	4.4
Public transit	320	190	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Walked	1,775	725	1,055	4.4	3.6	5.3
Bicycle	125	90	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	830	510	315	2.1	2.5	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,035	20,320	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,735	11,430	12,305	59.3	56.3	62.4
15 to 29 minutes	10,120	5,080	5,035	25.3	25.0	25.5
30 to 44 minutes	3,665	2,030	1,635	9.2	10.0	8.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,095	635	465	2.7	3.1	2.4
60 minutes and over	1,430	1,145	285	3.6	5.6	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,035	20,320	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,625	1,905	720	6.6	9.4	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,315	4,305	2,010	15.8	21.2	10.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,220	6,605	7,620	35.5	32.5	38.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,540	3,105	5,435	21.3	15.3	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,340	700	1,640	5.8	3.4	8.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,995	3,705	2,290	15.0	18.2	11.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,680	8,535	8,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,075	1,055	1,020	12.4	12.4	12.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,605	7,480	7,125	87.6	87.6	87.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,410	6,380	6,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	790	745	12.3	12.4	12.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,150	585	565	9.3	9.2	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	380	200	180	3.1	3.1	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,880	5,600	5,280	87.7	87.8	87.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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