Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Gaspésie--Îles-de-la-MadeleineMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	89,342	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	90,311	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.1	...	...	- 1.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,701	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,073	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	20,271.24	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,340	44,075	45,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,015	5,600	5,415	12.3	12.7	12.0
0 to 4 years	3,285	1,685	1,595	3.7	3.8	3.5
5 to 9 years	3,715	1,860	1,855	4.2	4.2	4.1
10 to 14 years	4,010	2,055	1,960	4.5	4.7	4.3
15 to 64 years	51,740	25,745	25,995	57.9	58.4	57.4
15 to 19 years	3,495	1,855	1,640	3.9	4.2	3.6
20 to 24 years	3,285	1,695	1,585	3.7	3.8	3.5
25 to 29 years	3,840	1,905	1,935	4.3	4.3	4.3
30 to 34 years	4,235	2,075	2,160	4.7	4.7	4.8
35 to 39 years	4,315	2,150	2,165	4.8	4.9	4.8
40 to 44 years	4,760	2,410	2,350	5.3	5.5	5.2
45 to 49 years	4,960	2,430	2,525	5.6	5.5	5.6
50 to 54 years	5,700	2,800	2,905	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	7,890	3,875	4,015	8.8	8.8	8.9
60 to 64 years	9,255	4,540	4,720	10.4	10.3	10.4
65 years and over	26,590	12,730	13,855	29.8	28.9	30.6
65 to 69 years	8,765	4,485	4,285	9.8	10.2	9.5
70 to 74 years	7,250	3,555	3,695	8.1	8.1	8.2
75 to 79 years	4,845	2,330	2,515	5.4	5.3	5.6
80 to 84 years	3,035	1,395	1,640	3.4	3.2	3.6
85 years and over	2,685	965	1,720	3.0	2.2	3.8
85 to 89 years	1,715	670	1,040	1.9	1.5	2.3
90 to 94 years	745	250	495	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	205	40	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.3	12.7	12.0	12.3	12.7	12.0
15 to 64 years	57.9	58.4	57.4	57.9	58.4	57.4
65 years and over	29.8	28.9	30.6	29.8	28.9	30.6
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.8	3.0	2.2	3.8
Average age of the population	49.0	48.3	49.7	49.0	48.3	49.7
Median age of the population	54.4	53.6	54.8	54.4	53.6	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,935	...	...	78.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	450	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,820	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	600	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,790	...	...	35.2	...	...
2 persons	16,660	...	...	39.6	...	...
3 persons	5,340	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	3,645	...	...	8.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,640	...	...	3.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,580	43,340	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	78,330	38,475	39,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	44,850	22,420	22,425	57.3	58.3	56.3
Married	23,095	11,550	11,545	29.5	30.0	29.0
Living common-law	21,755	10,870	10,885	27.8	28.3	27.3
Living common law - Never married	18,305	9,085	9,220	23.4	23.6	23.1
Living common law - Separated	205	90	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,695	1,465	1,230	3.4	3.8	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	545	230	310	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	33,480	16,055	17,425	42.7	41.7	43.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,710	11,990	9,725	27.7	31.2	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	920	450	470	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,690	2,155	2,530	6.0	5.6	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,160	1,465	4,695	7.9	3.8	11.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,880	...	...	64.0	...	...
3 persons	4,990	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	3,320	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,195	...	...	4.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,095	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	11,225	...	...	42.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,900	...	...	11.0	...	...
Without children	8,325	...	...	31.6	...	...
Common-law couples	10,875	...	...	41.2	...	...
With children⁶	5,300	...	...	20.1	...	...
Without children	5,565	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,290	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,135	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,155	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,580	43,340	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,320	34,070	34,255	78.0	78.6	77.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,195	22,100	22,090	50.5	51.0	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,290	1,160	3,130	4.9	2.7	7.1
Children⁶	19,835	10,815	9,025	22.6	25.0	20.4
In a two-parent family	13,910	7,465	6,440	15.9	17.2	14.6
In a one-parent family	5,930	3,345	2,585	6.8	7.7	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,255	9,270	9,990	22.0	21.4	22.6
Living alone	14,790	7,060	7,730	16.9	16.3	17.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,255	1,015	1,235	2.6	2.3	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,215	1,195	1,020	2.5	2.8	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,350	...	...	57.9	...	...
Couple-family households	20,720	...	...	49.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,655	...	...	18.2	...	...
Without children	13,060	...	...	31.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,635	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	615	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	915	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,290	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	14,790	...	...	35.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	76,575	37,745	38,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,570	37,270	38,305	98.7	98.7	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	33,600	36,800	40,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,580	37,275	38,310	98.7	98.8	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,400	32,800	35,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,765	31,845	30,915	82.0	84.4	79.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,800	29,200	24,600	26,800	29,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,540	25,265	23,280	63.4	66.9	60.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,800	30,400	27,400	28,800	30,400	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,880	32,440	34,440	87.3	85.9	88.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,600	16,200	14,800	15,600	16,200	14,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,985	11,320	7,660	24.8	30.0	19.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,700	8,700	10,500	11,700	8,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,400	9,555	8,840	24.0	25.3	22.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	76,550	37,745	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,490	37,195	38,295	98.6	98.5	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,400	47,280	39,640	43,400	47,280	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,495	37,200	38,295	98.6	98.6	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,720	39,200	34,280	36,720	39,200	34,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,825	31,815	31,010	82.1	84.3	79.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,240	39,640	32,760	36,240	39,640	32,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,555	25,205	23,350	63.4	66.8	60.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,840	40,080	35,480	37,840	40,080	35,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,930	32,620	34,310	87.4	86.4	88.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,920	15,240	14,600	14,920	15,240	14,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,090	11,465	7,625	24.9	30.4	19.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,790	11,350	9,950	10,790	11,350	9,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,165	9,455	8,710	23.7	25.0	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	6,780	7,120	6,950	6,780	7,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	76,550	37,740	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,475	8,560	9,920	24.1	22.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	55,600	48,400	51,600	55,600	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,850	63,100	55,200	58,850	63,100	55,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,520	13,435	11,085	32.0	35.6	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,800	15,700	18,800	21,800	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	31,680	22,940	27,720	31,680	22,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.6	71.8	67.0	69.6	71.8	67.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.1	57.4	54.6	56.1	57.4	54.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.5	28.3	33.0	30.5	28.3	33.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.3	7.4	5.0	6.3	7.4	5.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.4	5.3	4.8	4.4	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.7	4.1	3.9	3.7	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	76,575	37,740	38,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,005	475	530	1.3	1.3	1.4
With total income	75,570	37,270	38,300	98.7	98.8	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,050	1,655	2,395	5.4	4.4	6.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,090	4,565	6,525	14.7	12.2	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,730	6,660	8,065	19.5	17.9	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	11,990	5,840	6,155	15.9	15.7	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,870	5,705	5,165	14.4	15.3	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,795	4,145	3,650	10.3	11.1	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,760	2,575	2,190	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	1,775	1,330	4.1	4.8	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,265	1,015	3.0	3.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,505	855	650	2.0	2.3	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,395	2,240	1,155	4.5	6.0	3.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,475	1,610	865	3.3	4.3	2.3
$150,000 and over	915	630	290	1.2	1.7	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	76,575	37,740	38,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	995	470	525	1.3	1.2	1.4
With after-tax income	75,580	37,270	38,305	98.7	98.8	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,310	1,745	2,565	5.7	4.7	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,480	4,765	6,715	15.2	12.8	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,465	7,940	9,520	23.1	21.3	24.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,045	7,790	7,260	19.9	20.9	19.0
$40,000 to $49,999	11,755	6,315	5,435	15.6	16.9	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,475	3,540	2,935	8.6	9.5	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	3,805	2,015	1,785	5.0	5.4	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,175	1,180	995	2.9	3.2	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	725	510	1.6	1.9	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	620	430	190	0.8	1.2	0.5
$100,000 and over	1,220	830	390	1.6	2.2	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	700	495	205	0.9	1.3	0.5
$125,000 and over	520	335	185	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	76,575	37,740	38,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,035	12,480	15,555	36.6	33.1	40.1
With employment income	48,540	25,265	23,275	63.4	66.9	59.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,870	3,030	2,845	12.1	12.0	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,925	1,745	2,175	8.1	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,960	4,525	4,435	18.5	17.9	19.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,180	3,210	2,965	12.7	12.7	12.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,515	2,765	2,755	11.4	10.9	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,905	2,440	2,460	10.1	9.7	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,735	2,040	1,690	7.7	8.1	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,575	1,425	1,145	5.3	5.6	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,875	1,085	790	3.9	4.3	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,565	805	765	3.2	3.2	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,045	600	450	2.2	2.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,390	1,590	800	4.9	6.3	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,290	825	465	2.7	3.3	2.0
$125,000 and over	1,100	760	335	2.3	3.0	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	76,575	37,745	38,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,990	36,960	38,030	97.9	97.9	97.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	30,200	34,400	38,400	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,010	36,960	38,050	98.0	97.9	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	33,600	27,600	30,600	33,600	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,325	31,675	30,645	81.4	83.9	78.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	30,400	25,000	27,400	30,400	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,850	25,765	24,085	65.1	68.3	62.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	30,800	26,200	28,400	30,800	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,840	30,830	33,010	83.4	81.7	85.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,400	14,300	12,600	13,400	14,300	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,770	11,765	8,010	25.8	31.2	20.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	11,500	8,500	10,200	11,500	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	76,550	37,745	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,870	36,865	38,005	97.8	97.7	97.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	46,400	36,800	41,520	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,885	36,865	38,025	97.8	97.7	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,040	38,320	31,840	35,040	38,320	31,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,465	31,710	30,750	81.6	84.0	79.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,720	41,080	32,240	36,720	41,080	32,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,910	25,775	24,135	65.2	68.3	62.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,560	33,640	37,200	40,560	33,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,930	31,000	32,930	83.5	82.1	84.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,740	13,160	12,340	12,740	13,160	12,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,145	11,985	8,160	26.3	31.8	21.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,610	11,320	9,560	10,610	11,320	9,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	76,550	37,740	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,350	8,510	9,840	24.0	22.5	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	52,800	44,800	48,400	52,800	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,900	60,000	50,480	54,900	60,000	50,480
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,695	13,045	10,655	31.0	34.6	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	23,800	17,600	20,600	23,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,680	35,280	25,080	30,680	35,280	25,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.8	76.2	71.0	73.8	76.2	71.0
Employment income (%)	59.7	61.1	58.0	59.7	61.1	58.0
Government transfers (%)	26.2	23.8	29.1	26.2	23.8	29.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	6.9	7.9	5.6	6.9	7.9	5.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800	...	...	29,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,280	...	...	39,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,920	...	...	33,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,700	...	...	98,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,005	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,820	...	...	9.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,690	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,060	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,755	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,160	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,000	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,630	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,175	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,945	...	...	26.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,265	...	...	10.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,620	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,625	...	...	6.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,435	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	575	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,015	...	...	9.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,080	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,635	...	...	6.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,990	...	...	7.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,500	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,190	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,060	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,370	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,810	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,390	...	...	17.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,995	...	...	4.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,760	...	...	4.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,005	8,255	8,750	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	35,600	30,000	32,400	35,600	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	32,000	28,200	29,800	32,000	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...	82,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...	71,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...	61,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,995	8,225	8,770	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	41,720	36,480	39,000	41,720	36,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,760	35,320	32,320	33,760	35,320	32,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,580	43,340	44,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,195	6,750	6,445	15.1	15.6	14.6
0 to 5 years	3,945	2,040	1,910	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	49,115	24,315	24,790	56.1	56.1	56.0
65 years and over	25,275	12,265	13,000	28.9	28.3	29.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,535	5,740	6,795	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,105	565	545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	150	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,495	2,155	2,340	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,935	3,025	3,910	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.3	15.4	14.3	13.3	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.3	8.5	8.4	8.3	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.2	7.9	7.6	8.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.9	9.4	9.2	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	27.4	24.7	30.1	27.4	24.7	30.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	86,945	43,035	43,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,995	6,650	6,345	14.9	15.5	14.5
0 to 5 years	3,890	2,005	1,880	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	48,735	24,140	24,595	56.1	56.1	56.0
65 years and over	25,215	12,250	12,965	29.0	28.5	29.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,595	830	770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	135	75	60	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,240	665	575	...	...	...
65 years and over	220	85	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.3
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.7	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,580	43,340	44,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,830	26,535	28,295	62.6	61.2	64.0
In bottom decile	9,705	4,450	5,255	11.1	10.3	11.9
In second decile	11,835	5,585	6,255	13.5	12.9	14.1
In third decile	11,280	5,495	5,785	12.9	12.7	13.1
In fourth decile	11,390	5,675	5,715	13.0	13.1	12.9
In fifth decile	10,620	5,340	5,285	12.1	12.3	11.9
In top half of the distribution	32,750	16,800	15,950	37.4	38.8	36.1
In sixth decile	9,755	4,995	4,760	11.1	11.5	10.8
In seventh decile	8,090	4,160	3,930	9.2	9.6	8.9
In eighth decile	6,920	3,530	3,385	7.9	8.1	7.7
In ninth decile	5,095	2,610	2,485	5.8	6.0	5.6
In top decile	2,890	1,505	1,385	3.3	3.5	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,580	...	...	87,580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	...	...	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.474	...	...	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	88,530	43,665	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	3,785	1,930	1,855	4.3	4.4	4.1
French only	60,515	28,930	31,580	68.4	66.3	70.4
English and French	24,195	12,790	11,400	27.3	29.3	25.4
Neither English nor French	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	88,530	43,665	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,550	3,765	3,785	8.5	8.6	8.4
French	80,575	39,705	40,865	91.0	90.9	91.1
English and French	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	88,530	43,665	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,430	43,120	44,310	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	86,760	42,775	43,985	98.0	98.0	98.0
English	7,100	3,520	3,580	8.0	8.1	8.0
French	79,665	39,255	40,410	90.0	89.9	90.1
Non-official languages	665	340	325	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	270	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	25	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	110	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,105	550	555	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	985	485	500	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	88,530	43,665	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,980	2,950	3,025	6.8	6.8	6.7
French	78,565	38,725	39,840	88.7	88.7	88.8
Non-official language	155	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	3,195	1,560	1,640	3.6	3.6	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	195	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	230	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	88,530	43,665	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,735	43,290	44,450	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	87,460	43,135	44,320	98.8	98.8	98.8
English	6,955	3,430	3,535	7.9	7.9	7.9
French	80,505	39,710	40,790	90.9	90.9	90.9
Non-official languages	275	155	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	205	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	795	380	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	695	340	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	88,530	43,665	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	85,460	42,135	43,325	96.5	96.5	96.6
English	1,750	875	875	2.0	2.0	2.0
French	870	405	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	275	155	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,580	43,335	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	87,555	43,335	44,215	100.0	100.0	99.9
English	27,900	14,705	13,195	31.9	33.9	29.8
French	83,790	41,490	42,300	95.7	95.7	95.6
Non-official languages	2,230	1,020	1,210	2.5	2.4	2.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Algonquian languages	300	160	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	295	160	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mi'kmaq	295	160	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,925	855	1,065	2.2	2.0	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,565	685	885	1.8	1.6	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,345	585	760	1.5	1.3	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,165	510	660	1.3	1.2	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,580	43,335	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,800	3,005	2,795	6.6	6.9	6.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,570	2,900	2,675	6.4	6.7	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,040	1,000	1,050	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis	3,465	1,860	1,605	4.0	4.3	3.6
Inuk (Inuit)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	81,780	40,330	41,450	93.4	93.1	93.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,580	43,335	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,490	740	745	1.7	1.7	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,090	42,595	43,495	98.3	98.3	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,715	...	...	73.0	...	...
Renter	11,265	...	...	26.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,870	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	40,200	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,530	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,555	...	...	29.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,995	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,895	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,545	...	...	25.1	...	...
5 rooms	8,000	...	...	19.0	...	...
6 rooms	7,205	...	...	17.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,300	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,025	...	...	26.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,990	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,455	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	620	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,320	...	...	31.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,275	...	...	33.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,640	...	...	13.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,275	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,075	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,655	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,550	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,285	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,450	...	...	91.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,625	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,435	...	...	58.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,745	...	...	39.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	900	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	695	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,645	...	...	8.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,910	...	...	11.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,050	...	...	14.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,175	...	...	24.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,040	...	...	23.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,020	...	...	11.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,545	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,805	...	...	90.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,825	...	...	9.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,515	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,555	...	...	18.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,385	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not suitable only	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,135	...	...	7.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	415	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,515	...	...	82.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,670	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not in core need	39,645	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,450	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.1	...	...	49.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	781	...	...	781	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	190,600	...	...	190,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,250	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.3	...	...	16.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	576	...	...	576	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	585	...	...	585	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	396	...	...	396	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,580	43,340	44,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,225	2,130	2,100	4.8	4.9	4.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,180	2,095	2,080	4.8	4.8	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,400	1,170	1,225	2.7	2.7	2.8
Métis single ancestry	1,770	920	850	2.0	2.1	1.9
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,405	1,700	1,705	3.9	3.9	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,330	1,660	1,675	3.8	3.8	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,495	1,205	1,295	2.8	2.8	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	800	430	375	0.9	1.0	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	79,950	39,510	40,435	91.3	91.2	91.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,580	43,340	44,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	86,960	43,030	43,930	99.3	99.3	99.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,245	6,825	6,420	15.1	15.7	14.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,715	36,205	37,515	84.2	83.5	84.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,580	43,340	44,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	86,215	42,640	43,570	98.4	98.4	98.5
Immigrants⁸¹	1,210	600	610	1.4	1.4	1.4
Before 1980	310	175	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	140	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	275	155	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	410	175	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2015	170	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
2016 to 2021	240	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,205	600	605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	135	55	75	11.2	9.2	12.4
5 to 14 years	160	80	80	13.3	13.3	13.2
15 to 24 years	200	105	95	16.6	17.5	15.7
25 to 44 years	605	315	290	50.2	52.5	47.9
45 years and over	115	40	70	9.5	6.7	11.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,205	600	605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	215	85	130	17.8	14.2	21.5
Brazil	30	0	25	2.5	0.0	4.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	25	15	15	2.1	2.5	2.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	15	40	4.6	2.5	6.6
Other places of birth in Americas	70	35	35	5.8	5.8	5.8
Europe	625	320	305	51.9	53.3	50.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	355	190	165	29.5	31.7	27.3
Germany	55	20	35	4.6	3.3	5.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	35	15	20	2.9	2.5	3.3
Romania	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	15	1.7	0.0	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	10	2.9	3.3	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	40	7.5	7.5	6.6
Africa	245	140	105	20.3	23.3	17.4
Algeria	25	15	15	2.1	2.5	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	70	40	30	5.8	6.7	5.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	60	45	8.3	10.0	7.4
Asia	120	55	60	10.0	9.2	9.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	1.7	1.7	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.3
Viet Nam	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	1.2	1.7	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	240	110	135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	10	12.5	13.6	7.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	10.4	9.1	7.4
Europe	115	50	70	47.9	45.5	51.9
France	100	45	55	41.7	40.9	40.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	70	35	40	29.2	31.8	29.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	20	12.5	13.6	14.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	10	10.4	9.1	7.4
Asia	20	0	15	8.3	0.0	11.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	4.2	0.0	7.4
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,580	43,335	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,560	790	775	1.8	1.8	1.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,275	700	585	1.5	1.6	1.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,735	41,855	42,885	96.8	96.6	96.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	900	430	470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	505	255	245	56.1	59.3	52.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	310	190	120	34.4	44.2	25.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195	65	130	21.7	15.1	27.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	360	150	205	40.0	34.9	43.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	20	3.3	3.5	4.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	900	430	470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	20	10	2.8	4.7	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	175	100	80	19.4	23.3	17.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	20	20	3.9	4.7	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	35	45	8.9	8.1	9.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	575	250	320	63.9	58.1	68.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,580	43,335	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	800	395	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
South Asian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Filipino	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	86,780	42,940	43,835	99.1	99.1	99.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,580	43,340	44,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,330	15,835	16,485	36.9	36.5	37.3
English	2,705	1,280	1,425	3.1	3.0	3.2
Irish	5,920	2,770	3,145	6.8	6.4	7.1
Scottish	2,415	1,060	1,350	2.8	2.4	3.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,000	9,050	8,955	20.6	20.9	20.2
German	860	410	450	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italian	565	300	265	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	9,965	4,990	4,970	11.4	11.5	11.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	355	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	6,610	3,285	3,325	7.5	7.6	7.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,885	940	945	2.2	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,475	690	790	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	2,675	1,410	1,265	3.1	3.3	2.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	580	310	270	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
American	330	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Acadian	8,865	4,315	4,550	10.1	10.0	10.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jewish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,010	475	540	1.2	1.1	1.2
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	775	370	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,275	1,205	1,070	2.6	2.8	2.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	155	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	2,785	1,325	1,460	3.2	3.1	3.3
Norman	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,580	43,335	44,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Christian	73,450	35,810	37,645	83.9	82.6	85.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,000	1,540	1,465	3.4	3.6	3.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,650	770	885	1.9	1.8	2.0
Baptist	275	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	66,750	32,550	34,200	76.2	75.1	77.3
Christian Orthodox	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	240	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	540	255	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	825	380	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hindu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	145	95	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	225	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	13,450	7,160	6,290	15.4	16.5	14.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,970	43,070	43,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	80,440	39,995	40,445	92.5	92.9	92.1
Movers	6,530	3,075	3,460	7.5	7.1	7.9
Non-migrants	3,520	1,595	1,930	4.0	3.7	4.4
Migrants	3,010	1,485	1,525	3.5	3.4	3.5
Internal migrants	2,920	1,440	1,480	3.4	3.3	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	2,650	1,305	1,340	3.0	3.0	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,315	41,710	42,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,365	31,080	31,285	74.0	74.5	73.4
Movers	21,950	10,630	11,320	26.0	25.5	26.6
Non-migrants	9,190	4,370	4,830	10.9	10.5	11.3
Migrants	12,755	6,265	6,490	15.1	15.0	15.2
Internal migrants	12,485	6,125	6,355	14.8	14.7	14.9
Intraprovincial migrants	11,670	5,740	5,930	13.8	13.8	13.9
Interprovincial migrants	815	385	425	1.0	0.9	1.0
External migrants	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,550	37,745	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,840	13,270	10,575	31.1	35.2	27.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,715	24,475	28,240	68.9	64.8	72.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,515	21,880	22,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,525	6,415	4,110	23.6	29.3	18.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,995	15,465	18,530	76.4	70.7	81.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,550	37,745	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,500	11,495	10,000	28.1	30.5	25.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,000	7,420	8,585	20.9	19.7	22.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,045	18,825	20,225	51.0	49.9	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,965	15,235	14,730	39.1	40.4	38.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,035	9,560	5,475	19.6	25.3	14.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,990	6,340	4,655	14.4	16.8	12.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,045	3,220	825	5.3	8.5	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,685	4,900	7,785	16.6	13.0	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,250	770	1,470	2.9	2.0	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,085	3,590	5,490	11.9	9.5	14.1
Bachelor's degree	6,455	2,400	4,055	8.4	6.4	10.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	805	355	450	1.1	0.9	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	180	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	1,245	570	675	1.6	1.5	1.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,520	21,875	22,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,035	5,315	3,715	20.3	24.3	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,775	3,685	4,085	17.5	16.8	18.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,710	12,875	14,840	62.2	58.9	65.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,015	10,485	10,535	47.2	47.9	46.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,895	6,735	4,155	24.5	30.8	18.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,065	4,460	3,600	18.1	20.4	15.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,835	2,280	560	6.4	10.4	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,910	3,375	5,535	20.0	15.4	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,210	375	840	2.7	1.7	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,690	2,385	4,310	15.0	10.9	19.0
Bachelor's degree	4,720	1,645	3,075	10.6	7.5	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	575	200	375	1.3	0.9	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	90	175	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	990	395	595	2.2	1.8	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,555	37,745	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,505	18,920	18,590	49.0	50.1	47.9
Education	3,840	835	3,005	5.0	2.2	7.7
13. Education	3,840	835	3,005	5.0	2.2	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	665	300	365	0.9	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	585	240	340	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	1,415	620	790	1.8	1.6	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	825	380	445	1.1	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,385	690	1,695	3.1	1.8	4.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	685	50	635	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	250	80	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	415	85	330	0.5	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	705	375	325	0.9	1.0	0.8
Business, management and public administration	7,755	1,775	5,980	10.1	4.7	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	970	125	845	1.3	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,780	1,650	5,130	8.9	4.4	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	955	545	415	1.2	1.4	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	210	195	0.5	0.6	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	90	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	200	165	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	465	285	185	0.6	0.8	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	365	255	105	0.5	0.7	0.3
25. Library science	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,235	8,790	445	12.1	23.3	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	510	445	65	0.7	1.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,335	1,215	125	1.7	3.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,800	2,735	65	3.7	7.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,650	2,590	65	3.5	6.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,725	1,705	20	2.3	4.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,660	1,295	365	2.2	3.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	265	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,190	1,030	160	1.6	2.7	0.4
Health and related fields	6,440	1,095	5,350	8.4	2.9	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	140	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,950	885	5,070	7.8	2.3	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,220	2,585	1,635	5.5	6.8	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,865	510	1,355	2.4	1.4	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	595	415	180	0.8	1.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,755	1,660	100	2.3	4.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,515	21,875	22,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,810	9,005	7,800	37.8	41.2	34.4
Education	2,140	390	1,750	4.8	1.8	7.7
13. Education	2,140	390	1,750	4.8	1.8	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	505	220	285	1.1	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	455	185	270	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	800	315	485	1.8	1.4	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	175	285	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	30	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,845	465	1,380	4.1	2.1	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	45	120	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	45	485	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	195	55	145	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	15	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	325	45	285	0.7	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	530	265	265	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	5,680	1,075	4,605	12.8	4.9	20.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	55	730	1.8	0.3	3.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,890	1,025	3,870	11.0	4.7	17.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	600	340	255	1.3	1.6	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	340	160	175	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	145	110	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	235	150	0.9	1.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	330	225	100	0.7	1.0	0.4
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,630	6,250	375	14.9	28.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	175	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	400	335	65	0.9	1.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	945	845	100	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,000	1,945	55	4.5	8.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,955	1,905	55	4.4	8.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,155	1,135	15	2.6	5.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,175	875	300	2.6	4.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	360	195	165	0.8	0.9	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	815	680	130	1.8	3.1	0.6
Health and related fields	4,720	775	3,945	10.6	3.5	17.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	95	155	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,345	640	3,705	9.8	2.9	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,220	1,920	1,300	7.2	8.8	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,405	340	1,065	3.2	1.6	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	465	315	150	1.0	1.4	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,345	1,260	85	3.0	5.8	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,515	21,875	22,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,810	9,005	7,800	37.8	41.2	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,710	12,870	14,840	62.2	58.8	65.5
Location of study inside Canada	27,255	12,655	14,595	61.2	57.9	64.5
Same as province or territory of residence	26,175	12,205	13,970	58.8	55.8	61.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,075	455	625	2.4	2.1	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	460	210	245	1.0	1.0	1.1
Americas	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	270	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgium	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	185	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	75	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	76,550	37,745	38,810	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,280	20,820	20,450	...	...	...
Employed	36,570	18,055	18,520	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,700	2,775	1,935	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,275	16,915	18,360	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.9	55.2	52.7	53.9	55.2	52.7
Employment rate	47.8	47.8	47.7	47.8	47.8	47.7
Unemployment rate	11.4	13.3	9.5	11.4	13.3	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	76,555	37,745	38,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,400	15,095	17,310	42.3	40.0	44.6
Worked	44,150	22,645	21,500	57.7	60.0	55.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,810	8,750	10,060	24.6	23.2	25.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,340	13,900	11,440	33.1	36.8	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.5	34.8	38.2	36.5	34.8	38.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,275	20,825	20,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	445	470	2.2	2.1	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	40,370	20,380	19,985	97.8	97.9	97.7
Employee	36,140	17,845	18,295	87.6	85.7	89.5
Permanent position	24,190	11,050	13,140	58.6	53.1	64.3
Temporary position	11,945	6,795	5,150	28.9	32.6	25.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,120	850	1,270	5.1	4.1	6.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	9,825	5,945	3,880	23.8	28.5	19.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,225	2,540	1,690	10.2	12.2	8.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,275	20,825	20,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	445	470	2.2	2.1	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	40,370	20,380	19,985	97.8	97.9	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	570	405	165	1.4	1.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,780	1,140	3,640	11.6	5.5	17.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,615	1,250	365	3.9	6.0	1.8
3 Health occupations	4,120	680	3,440	10.0	3.3	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,650	1,395	4,255	13.7	6.7	20.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	380	405	1.9	1.8	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	10,580	4,295	6,285	25.6	20.6	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,040	6,630	415	17.1	31.8	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,745	2,380	365	6.7	11.4	1.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,480	1,830	655	6.0	8.8	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,275	20,825	20,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	905	445	470	2.2	2.1	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	40,370	20,380	19,985	97.8	97.9	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,300	2,725	575	8.0	13.1	2.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	410	395	20	1.0	1.9	0.1
22 Utilities	365	300	65	0.9	1.4	0.3
23 Construction	2,775	2,530	245	6.7	12.1	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	3,730	2,690	1,040	9.0	12.9	5.1
41 Wholesale trade	440	335	105	1.1	1.6	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,070	2,390	2,680	12.3	11.5	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,575	1,160	415	3.8	5.6	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	315	205	110	0.8	1.0	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	770	160	610	1.9	0.8	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	285	170	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,375	665	710	3.3	3.2	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	985	565	420	2.4	2.7	2.1
61 Educational services	3,060	855	2,210	7.4	4.1	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,690	1,410	6,280	18.6	6.8	30.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	775	460	315	1.9	2.2	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,465	895	1,570	6.0	4.3	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,115	975	1,140	5.1	4.7	5.6
91 Public administration	2,850	1,480	1,370	6.9	7.1	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	46,685	23,915	22,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,115	1,225	890	4.5	5.1	3.9
French	38,025	19,570	18,450	81.5	81.8	81.0
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,415	3,055	3,360	13.7	12.8	14.8
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	46,685	23,915	22,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,830	23,525	22,305	98.2	98.4	98.0
Official languages	45,805	23,515	22,295	98.1	98.3	97.9
English	2,885	1,610	1,275	6.2	6.7	5.6
French	42,920	21,905	21,020	91.9	91.6	92.3
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	860	395	465	1.8	1.7	2.0
English and French	845	390	460	1.8	1.6	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	46,685	23,915	22,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,010	21,195	19,815	87.8	88.6	87.0
English	4,875	2,320	2,550	10.4	9.7	11.2
French	705	350	355	1.5	1.5	1.6
Non-official language	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,575	18,055	18,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,220	1,775	2,450	11.5	9.8	13.2
Worked outside Canada	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,080	3,945	1,130	13.9	21.8	6.1
Usual place of work	27,240	12,315	14,930	74.5	68.2	80.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,245	12,315	14,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,875	7,915	9,965	65.6	64.3	66.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,880	2,620	3,260	21.6	21.3	21.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,090	1,605	1,485	11.3	13.0	9.9
Commute to a different province or territory	395	180	215	1.4	1.5	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,320	16,260	16,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,010	15,100	14,905	92.9	92.9	92.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,650	14,425	14,225	88.6	88.7	88.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,360	680	680	4.2	4.2	4.2
Public transit	220	135	85	0.7	0.8	0.5
Walked	1,330	535	795	4.1	3.3	5.0
Bicycle	105	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other method	660	420	240	2.0	2.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,320	16,260	16,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,015	9,075	9,940	58.8	55.8	61.9
15 to 29 minutes	8,105	4,050	4,055	25.1	24.9	25.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,105	1,660	1,440	9.6	10.2	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	885	510	380	2.7	3.1	2.4
60 minutes and over	1,210	970	245	3.7	6.0	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,320	16,260	16,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,115	1,510	605	6.5	9.3	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,970	3,410	1,560	15.4	21.0	9.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,335	5,230	6,110	35.1	32.2	38.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,975	2,480	4,495	21.6	15.3	28.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,970	535	1,430	6.1	3.3	8.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,955	3,095	1,855	15.3	19.0	11.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,430	6,880	6,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,950	985	965	14.5	14.3	14.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,480	5,890	5,595	85.5	85.6	85.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,940	5,085	4,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,440	740	705	14.5	14.6	14.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,100	555	540	11.1	10.9	11.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	345	180	165	3.5	3.5	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,495	4,345	4,150	85.5	85.4	85.4

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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