Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Francheville, Census division (CDR)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	158,343	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	153,030	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	79,701	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	75,423	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	136.4	...	...	136.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,160.67	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	158,345	77,330	81,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,850	11,760	11,095	14.4	15.2	13.7
0 to 4 years	7,115	3,620	3,495	4.5	4.7	4.3
5 to 9 years	7,715	3,975	3,745	4.9	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	8,015	4,165	3,855	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	94,310	47,110	47,200	59.6	60.9	58.3
15 to 19 years	7,310	3,735	3,575	4.6	4.8	4.4
20 to 24 years	8,735	4,380	4,350	5.5	5.7	5.4
25 to 29 years	9,400	4,835	4,560	5.9	6.3	5.6
30 to 34 years	8,735	4,435	4,305	5.5	5.7	5.3
35 to 39 years	9,180	4,640	4,540	5.8	6.0	5.6
40 to 44 years	9,400	4,755	4,640	5.9	6.1	5.7
45 to 49 years	8,055	4,055	4,000	5.1	5.2	4.9
50 to 54 years	8,640	4,235	4,410	5.5	5.5	5.4
55 to 59 years	11,730	5,680	6,045	7.4	7.3	7.5
60 to 64 years	13,125	6,350	6,780	8.3	8.2	8.4
65 years and over	41,180	18,460	22,715	26.0	23.9	28.0
65 to 69 years	12,225	5,895	6,325	7.7	7.6	7.8
70 to 74 years	10,580	5,070	5,505	6.7	6.6	6.8
75 to 79 years	7,875	3,580	4,290	5.0	4.6	5.3
80 to 84 years	5,095	2,105	2,985	3.2	2.7	3.7
85 years and over	5,415	1,800	3,610	3.4	2.3	4.5
85 to 89 years	3,190	1,145	2,045	2.0	1.5	2.5
90 to 94 years	1,730	560	1,175	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	430	90	345	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.7	14.4	15.2	13.7
15 to 64 years	59.6	60.9	58.3	59.6	60.9	58.3
65 years and over	26.0	23.9	28.0	26.0	23.9	28.0
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.5	3.4	2.3	4.5
Average age of the population	45.6	44.3	46.9	45.6	44.3	46.9
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	49.2	46.8	45.2	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	75,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	35,135	...	...	46.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,895	...	...	6.5	...	...
Row house	1,835	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,215	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,575	...	...	35.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,110	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	375	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	275	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	75,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	30,280	...	...	40.1	...	...
2 persons	27,405	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	8,015	...	...	10.6	...	...
4 persons	6,610	...	...	8.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,115	...	...	4.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	152,585	75,350	77,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	135,490	65,570	69,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	73,305	36,665	36,640	54.1	55.9	52.4
Married	36,640	18,380	18,265	27.0	28.0	26.1
Living common-law	36,665	18,285	18,380	27.1	27.9	26.3
Living common law - Never married	29,430	14,585	14,840	21.7	22.2	21.2
Living common law - Separated	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	6,095	3,155	2,940	4.5	4.8	4.2
Living common law - Widowed	800	370	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	62,185	28,905	33,280	45.9	44.1	47.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	41,230	21,945	19,285	30.4	33.5	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,590	715	870	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	10,540	4,135	6,400	7.8	6.3	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,830	2,110	6,725	6.5	3.2	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	42,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	26,375	...	...	61.6	...	...
3 persons	7,440	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	6,365	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,640	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	42,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	35,855	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	17,530	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	5,180	...	...	12.1	...	...
Without children	12,350	...	...	28.8	...	...
Common-law couples	18,325	...	...	42.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,605	...	...	20.1	...	...
Without children	9,720	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,965	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,035	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,925	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	114,710	56,955	57,750	75.2	75.6	74.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	71,705	35,795	35,910	47.0	47.5	46.5
Parents in one-parent families	6,960	1,930	5,035	4.6	2.6	6.5
Children⁶	36,035	19,235	16,805	23.6	25.5	21.8
In a two-parent family	25,620	13,525	12,100	16.8	17.9	15.7
In a one-parent family	10,415	5,715	4,710	6.8	7.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	37,880	18,400	19,485	24.8	24.4	25.2
Living alone	30,280	14,375	15,900	19.8	19.1	20.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,685	1,205	1,480	1.8	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,915	2,815	2,100	3.2	3.7	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	40,765	...	...	54.1	...	...
Couple-family households	34,550	...	...	45.8	...	...
With children⁶	13,245	...	...	17.6	...	...
Without children	21,310	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,220	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	550	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,065	...	...	1.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,650	...	...	3.5	...	...
One-person households	30,275	...	...	40.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	129,755	63,605	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	127,185	62,350	64,835	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	127,230	62,380	64,850	98.1	98.1	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,000	34,400	38,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,445	56,580	55,875	86.7	89.0	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,400	25,600	30,800	36,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,960	44,390	40,570	65.5	69.8	61.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	29,800	33,200	36,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,875	51,260	57,615	83.9	80.6	87.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	11,600	12,900	12,400	11,600	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,335	8,875	7,465	12.6	14.0	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,535	17,615	15,915	25.8	27.7	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	7,500	7,000	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	129,770	63,620	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	127,235	62,345	64,890	98.0	98.0	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	52,100	40,800	46,320	52,100	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	127,285	62,370	64,915	98.1	98.0	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,880	42,800	35,080	38,880	42,800	35,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,475	56,520	55,955	86.7	88.8	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,080	46,600	33,480	40,080	46,600	33,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,000	44,330	40,670	65.5	69.7	61.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,520	46,000	36,600	41,520	46,000	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,715	51,195	57,520	83.8	80.5	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,760	11,980	13,460	12,760	11,980	13,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,665	9,060	7,600	12.8	14.2	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	6,220	7,260	6,690	6,220	7,260
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,425	17,465	15,960	25.8	27.5	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,860	7,640	8,090	7,860	7,640	8,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	129,770	63,620	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,965	20,965	18,000	30.0	33.0	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	59,600	49,600	54,400	59,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,300	67,900	55,750	62,300	67,900	55,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	36,075	17,510	18,565	27.8	27.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,800	16,600	18,200	20,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,960	30,760	23,380	26,960	30,760	23,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.2	70.8	76.4	81.2	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.9	62.8	56.2	59.9	62.8	56.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.5	18.9	29.3	23.5	18.9	29.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.7	6.1	5.3	4.7	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.1	4.9	4.5	4.1	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	129,755	63,605	66,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,575	1,255	1,320	2.0	2.0	2.0
With total income	127,185	62,350	64,830	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,850	3,275	4,575	6.2	5.3	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	16,860	6,470	10,395	13.3	10.4	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	23,270	10,120	13,145	18.3	16.2	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	18,080	8,450	9,635	14.2	13.6	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	17,040	8,505	8,535	13.4	13.6	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	13,265	6,825	6,435	10.4	10.9	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,940	4,960	3,980	7.0	8.0	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,175	3,670	2,500	4.9	5.9	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,555	2,610	1,940	3.6	4.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,130	1,895	1,235	2.5	3.0	1.9
$100,000 and over	8,020	5,570	2,450	6.3	8.9	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	5,945	4,070	1,875	4.7	6.5	2.9
$150,000 and over	2,080	1,505	580	1.6	2.4	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	129,755	63,605	66,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,530	1,225	1,300	1.9	1.9	2.0
With after-tax income	127,230	62,380	64,850	98.1	98.1	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,610	3,445	5,170	6.8	5.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	17,585	6,885	10,700	13.8	11.0	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	27,210	11,925	15,285	21.4	19.1	23.6
$30,000 to $39,999	22,655	11,150	11,500	17.8	17.9	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	19,285	10,115	9,170	15.2	16.2	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	12,165	6,800	5,370	9.6	10.9	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,475	4,205	3,270	5.9	6.7	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,765	2,730	2,035	3.7	4.4	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,910	1,930	980	2.3	3.1	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,650	1,130	520	1.3	1.8	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,920	2,070	845	2.3	3.3	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,600	1,125	475	1.3	1.8	0.7
$125,000 and over	1,320	945	370	1.0	1.5	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	129,755	63,605	66,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	44,795	19,215	25,585	34.5	30.2	38.7
With employment income	84,960	44,390	40,570	65.5	69.8	61.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,520	6,215	5,310	13.6	14.0	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	7,075	3,270	3,800	8.3	7.4	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,260	4,960	6,305	13.3	11.2	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	9,575	4,565	5,015	11.3	10.3	12.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,310	4,630	4,680	11.0	10.4	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,775	4,240	4,530	10.3	9.6	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,960	3,710	3,250	8.2	8.4	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,245	3,060	2,190	6.2	6.9	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,860	2,340	1,525	4.5	5.3	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,315	1,880	1,435	3.9	4.2	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	1,335	855	2.6	3.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,870	4,185	1,680	6.9	9.4	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,210	2,275	935	3.8	5.1	2.3
$125,000 and over	2,660	1,910	750	3.1	4.3	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	129,755	63,605	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	125,510	61,490	64,010	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	30,800	36,000	41,200	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	125,615	61,500	64,115	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,400	28,000	32,000	36,400	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,030	55,955	55,075	85.6	88.0	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	37,200	26,600	31,600	37,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,085	44,840	41,250	66.3	70.5	62.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	29,400	33,200	37,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,345	46,535	53,810	77.3	73.2	81.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,300	10,100	9,200	8,300	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,070	8,350	6,720	11.6	13.1	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,800	4,560	4,720	4,800	4,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	129,770	63,620	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	125,480	61,465	64,015	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560	49,600	37,760	43,560	49,600	37,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	125,605	61,485	64,120	96.8	96.6	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,440	40,640	32,440	36,440	40,640	32,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,935	55,785	55,150	85.5	87.7	83.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120	46,920	33,240	40,120	46,920	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,010	44,650	41,365	66.3	70.2	62.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	45,960	35,280	40,840	45,960	35,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,395	46,590	53,800	77.4	73.2	81.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,110	9,250	10,850	10,110	9,250	10,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,425	8,440	6,980	11.9	13.3	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,860	7,330	6,530	5,860	7,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	129,770	63,620	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	38,890	20,905	17,990	30.0	32.9	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	55,200	45,200	50,400	55,200	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	63,600	50,520	57,550	63,600	50,520
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,345	16,670	17,675	26.5	26.2	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	25,600	20,000	22,400	25,600	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,120	36,120	26,400	31,120	36,120	26,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.4	85.8	75.8	81.4	85.8	75.8
Employment income (%)	64.2	67.2	60.4	64.2	67.2	60.4
Government transfers (%)	18.6	14.1	24.2	18.6	14.1	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	75,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	31,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	45,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	75,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,100	...	...	78,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	65,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,160	...	...	41,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	45,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	75,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	610	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	580	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,485	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,240	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,865	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,450	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,485	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,035	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,165	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,935	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,010	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,770	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,865	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,340	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,810	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,775	...	...	26.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,270	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,640	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,845	...	...	6.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,020	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	75,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	675	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	595	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,520	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,335	...	...	3.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,240	...	...	8.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,345	...	...	5.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,265	...	...	5.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,035	...	...	6.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,950	...	...	6.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,330	...	...	5.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,445	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,295	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,405	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,635	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,715	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,640	...	...	18.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,365	...	...	8.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,570	...	...	4.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,715	...	...	4.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	35,195	17,190	18,000	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	35,600	31,400	33,200	35,600	31,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	32,000	29,200	30,400	32,000	29,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,800	...	...	86,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,700	...	...	62,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	35,320	17,315	18,010	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,800	41,960	37,680	39,800	41,960	37,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,200	35,400	33,000	34,200	35,400	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,105	13,960	13,145	17.8	18.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	8,605	4,380	4,225	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	89,370	44,455	44,915	58.6	59.0	58.2
65 years and over	36,105	16,935	19,175	23.7	22.5	24.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	22,205	10,250	11,950	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,085	1,610	1,480	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,035	510	525	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,180	5,615	5,565	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,940	3,030	4,905	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.6	15.5	14.6	13.6	15.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.5	11.2	11.4	11.5	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	11.6	12.4	12.0	11.6	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	12.6	12.4	12.5	12.6	12.4
65 years and over (%)	22.0	17.9	25.6	22.0	17.9	25.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,110	13,960	13,145	17.8	18.5	17.0
0 to 5 years	8,605	4,380	4,225	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	89,370	44,455	44,915	58.6	59.0	58.2
65 years and over	36,110	16,935	19,175	23.7	22.5	24.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,170	3,750	3,425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	790	435	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	130	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,805	3,080	2,730	...	...	...
65 years and over	580	235	345	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.0	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	6.9	6.1	6.5	6.9	6.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	93,975	45,325	48,655	61.6	60.2	63.0
In bottom decile	18,740	8,790	9,950	12.3	11.7	12.9
In second decile	19,670	9,295	10,380	12.9	12.3	13.4
In third decile	19,310	9,275	10,030	12.7	12.3	13.0
In fourth decile	19,195	9,385	9,810	12.6	12.5	12.7
In fifth decile	17,055	8,570	8,485	11.2	11.4	11.0
In top half of the distribution	58,610	30,025	28,585	38.4	39.8	37.0
In sixth decile	15,680	8,000	7,675	10.3	10.6	9.9
In seventh decile	14,005	7,110	6,900	9.2	9.4	8.9
In eighth decile	12,570	6,385	6,180	8.2	8.5	8.0
In ninth decile	9,665	5,040	4,625	6.3	6.7	6.0
In top decile	6,690	3,480	3,210	4.4	4.6	4.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	152,585	...	...	152,585	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	155,880	76,395	79,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	415	250	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
French only	104,960	48,245	56,710	67.3	63.2	71.3
English and French	50,100	27,685	22,415	32.1	36.2	28.2
Neither English nor French	410	220	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	155,880	76,395	79,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,105	1,090	1,015	1.4	1.4	1.3
French	152,210	74,460	77,750	97.6	97.5	97.8
English and French	1,195	655	545	0.8	0.9	0.7
Neither English nor French	370	195	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	155,880	76,395	79,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	153,875	75,340	78,535	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	148,820	72,755	76,065	95.5	95.2	95.7
English	1,765	905	855	1.1	1.2	1.1
French	147,060	71,850	75,210	94.3	94.1	94.6
Non-official languages	5,055	2,585	2,470	3.2	3.4	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,780	2,460	2,320	3.1	3.2	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,220	700	520	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,120	645	470	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,115	645	470	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	90	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,370	1,190	1,180	1.5	1.6	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	50	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,920	945	970	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,635	800	830	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	455	230	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	205	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,005	1,055	945	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	1,110	565	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	695	385	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	155,880	76,395	79,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	790	415	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	144,475	70,385	74,090	92.7	92.1	93.2
Non-official language	1,470	775	695	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,390	735	660	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	4,945	2,720	2,220	3.2	3.6	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	200	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,010	1,470	1,540	1.9	1.9	1.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	915	485	425	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	155,880	76,395	79,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	153,835	75,340	78,500	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	151,110	73,925	77,185	96.9	96.8	97.1
English	1,340	685	655	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	149,770	73,245	76,525	96.1	95.9	96.3
Non-official languages	2,725	1,410	1,310	1.7	1.8	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,590	1,345	1,245	1.7	1.8	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	260	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	250	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	460	250	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	30	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,500	770	730	1.0	1.0	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,320	670	645	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,165	595	570	0.7	0.8	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	30	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,040	1,060	985	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	950	500	445	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	930	470	460	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	155,875	76,395	79,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	148,525	72,485	76,040	95.3	94.9	95.7
English	3,805	2,140	1,670	2.4	2.8	2.1
French	1,320	660	665	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official language	1,425	700	725	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,370	680	690	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	170	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	420	220	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	152,590	75,350	77,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	152,205	75,140	77,065	99.7	99.7	99.8
English	50,070	27,710	22,365	32.8	36.8	29.0
French	151,790	74,895	76,890	99.5	99.4	99.5
Non-official languages	10,525	5,245	5,275	6.9	7.0	6.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	390	170	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	365	160	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	365	155	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	350	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,150	5,085	5,065	6.7	6.7	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,710	995	710	1.1	1.3	0.9
Berber languages	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,625	950	675	1.1	1.3	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,615	945	670	1.1	1.3	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	345	190	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,420	3,075	3,345	4.2	4.1	4.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	125	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	125	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	470	260	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	410	230	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
German	395	220	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,585	2,620	2,965	3.7	3.5	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	370	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	5,085	2,395	2,690	3.3	3.2	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	985	530	455	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	120	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	130	100	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	350	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	130	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	152,590	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,870	1,325	1,545	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,650	1,230	1,425	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,715	780	940	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	890	440	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	149,720	74,025	75,690	98.1	98.2	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	152,590	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,105	480	625	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	151,480	74,865	76,610	99.3	99.4	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,490	...	...	57.7	...	...
Renter	31,935	...	...	42.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,140	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not condominium	68,280	...	...	90.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	295	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	11,810	...	...	15.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,985	...	...	31.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,120	...	...	32.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,205	...	...	20.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	26,165	...	...	34.7	...	...
5 rooms	14,270	...	...	18.9	...	...
6 rooms	8,230	...	...	10.9	...	...
7 rooms	7,795	...	...	10.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,965	...	...	25.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	75,180	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	74,310	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,115	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,605	...	...	23.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,265	...	...	30.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,675	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,135	...	...	10.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,290	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,715	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,110	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,640	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	71,135	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,285	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,050	...	...	61.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,310	...	...	37.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,065	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,445	...	...	4.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,990	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,235	...	...	14.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,410	...	...	13.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,685	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,535	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,915	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	2,205	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	75,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	65,550	...	...	87.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,450	...	...	12.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,665	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	75,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,935	...	...	18.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,645	...	...	11.5	...	...
Not suitable only	930	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,445	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	730	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	61,485	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	74,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,500	...	...	3.4	...	...
Not in core need	71,715	...	...	96.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,310	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.5	...	...	58.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	936	...	...	936	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	224,400	...	...	224,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,910	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.6	...	...	20.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	674	...	...	674	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	152,585	75,355	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,855	1,260	1,590	1.9	1.7	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,810	1,235	1,575	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,535	1,120	1,420	1.7	1.5	1.8
Métis single ancestry	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,480	1,710	1,765	2.3	2.3	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,455	1,700	1,755	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,145	1,520	1,620	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	295	180	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	146,260	72,380	73,880	95.9	96.1	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	147,685	72,675	75,010	96.8	96.4	97.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,195	13,455	12,740	17.2	17.9	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	121,485	59,220	62,270	79.6	78.6	80.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,900	2,675	2,230	3.2	3.6	2.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	143,840	70,765	73,075	94.3	93.9	94.6
Immigrants⁸¹	6,315	3,165	3,145	4.1	4.2	4.1
Before 1980	585	310	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
1980 to 1990	390	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	505	220	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,905	950	955	1.2	1.3	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,925	1,510	1,415	1.9	2.0	1.8
2011 to 2015	1,450	800	650	1.0	1.1	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,475	710	770	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,435	1,420	1,020	1.6	1.9	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,315	3,170	3,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	855	415	435	13.5	13.1	13.8
5 to 14 years	1,205	590	610	19.1	18.6	19.4
15 to 24 years	985	480	505	15.6	15.1	16.1
25 to 44 years	2,865	1,465	1,395	45.4	46.2	44.4
45 years and over	410	210	200	6.5	6.6	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,315	3,170	3,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,770	800	970	28.0	25.2	30.8
Brazil	95	60	40	1.5	1.9	1.3
Colombia	755	340	410	12.0	10.7	13.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	220	105	110	3.5	3.3	3.5
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	115	45	70	1.8	1.4	2.2
Peru	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
United States of America	145	60	85	2.3	1.9	2.7
Other places of birth in Americas	370	160	210	5.9	5.0	6.7
Europe	1,550	815	740	24.5	25.7	23.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	955	530	425	15.1	16.7	13.5
Germany	60	25	30	1.0	0.8	1.0
Greece	65	45	20	1.0	1.4	0.6
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	10	20	0.6	0.3	0.6
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	305	135	175	4.8	4.3	5.6
Africa	2,250	1,245	1,005	35.6	39.3	32.0
Algeria	240	160	80	3.8	5.0	2.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	235	115	115	3.7	3.6	3.7
Egypt	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	390	230	160	6.2	7.3	5.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,365	720	645	21.6	22.7	20.5
Asia	740	315	430	11.7	9.9	13.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	30	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
Lebanon	85	50	40	1.3	1.6	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	40	1.5	1.7	1.3
Turkey	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	165	40	120	2.6	1.3	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Taiwan	35	20	10	0.6	0.6	0.3
Philippines	75	15	55	1.2	0.5	1.7
Viet Nam	80	25	50	1.3	0.8	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	25	65	1.5	0.8	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,470	710	765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	295	140	155	20.1	19.7	20.3
Brazil	15	10	10	1.0	1.4	1.3
Colombia	100	60	45	6.8	8.5	5.9
Haiti	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	3.1	3.5	2.6
United States of America	20	20	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	95	30	65	6.5	4.2	8.5
Europe	205	115	85	13.9	16.2	11.1
France	120	70	50	8.2	9.9	6.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25	3.7	4.2	3.3
Africa	735	345	390	50.0	48.6	51.0
Algeria	50	30	20	3.4	4.2	2.6
Burundi	20	10	15	1.4	1.4	2.0
Cameroon	160	80	75	10.9	11.3	9.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15	3.4	4.2	2.0
Côte d'Ivoire	160	55	110	10.9	7.7	14.4
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	20	30	3.1	2.8	3.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	35	25	15	2.4	3.5	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	210	90	120	14.3	12.7	15.7
Asia	240	105	135	16.3	14.8	17.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	1.7	0.0	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	15	2.0	1.4	2.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	25	2.4	2.1	3.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	5.4	6.3	4.6
Turkey	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	25	2.4	1.4	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	152,590	75,350	77,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,260	4,765	4,495	6.1	6.3	5.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,055	2,580	2,475	3.3	3.4	3.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	138,270	68,010	70,265	90.6	90.3	91.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,730	2,865	2,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,955	1,630	1,325	51.6	56.9	46.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,375	980	395	24.0	34.2	13.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,575	650	930	27.5	22.7	32.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,395	535	860	24.3	18.7	30.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,365	685	675	23.8	23.9	23.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,730	2,865	2,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	145	70	75	2.5	2.4	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	490	260	230	8.6	9.1	8.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	120	95	3.8	4.2	3.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	410	270	140	7.2	9.4	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	10	40	0.9	0.3	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,415	2,135	2,285	77.1	74.5	79.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	152,590	75,350	77,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,205	4,250	3,955	5.4	5.6	5.1
South Asian	210	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese	445	145	300	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	3,765	1,980	1,785	2.5	2.6	2.3
Filipino	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,390	835	550	0.9	1.1	0.7
Latin American	1,690	850	845	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	65	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	144,380	71,100	73,280	94.6	94.4	94.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	152,585	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	60,095	29,045	31,045	39.4	38.5	40.2
English	1,395	680	715	0.9	0.9	0.9
Irish	4,735	2,245	2,485	3.1	3.0	3.2
Scottish	1,970	1,055	915	1.3	1.4	1.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35,010	17,655	17,360	22.9	23.4	22.5
German	1,425	715	710	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	450	145	305	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,240	585	655	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indian (India)	360	215	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	175	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	280	165	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	21,785	10,645	11,140	14.3	14.1	14.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	110	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	14,650	7,220	7,430	9.6	9.6	9.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,035	2,010	2,025	2.6	2.7	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,290	1,015	1,270	1.5	1.3	1.6
Métis	610	325	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,865	2,015	1,850	2.5	2.7	2.4
Russian	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	235	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
American	795	360	435	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	620	265	355	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swedish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,430	650	775	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	775	420	355	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	670	355	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Greek	245	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	135	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	275	160	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,495	770	725	1.0	1.0	0.9
Danish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	660	300	355	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	645	310	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	430	225	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	335	200	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	255	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	75	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	880	440	445	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	440	285	150	0.3	0.4	0.2
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	60	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	270	175	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	410	190	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	360	195	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	220	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	245	160	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	85	80	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	710	325	380	0.5	0.4	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	170	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	330	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	540	260	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bamileke	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	145	100	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	152,590	75,350	77,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	109,425	52,340	57,085	71.7	69.5	73.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,710	3,385	3,325	4.4	4.5	4.3
Anabaptist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baptist	510	235	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Catholic	99,630	47,515	52,120	65.3	63.1	67.5
Christian Orthodox	275	145	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	530	200	325	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	350	170	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,145	540	610	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hindu	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jewish	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,250	1,290	965	1.5	1.7	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	460	195	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	40,190	21,395	18,795	26.3	28.4	24.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	151,300	74,685	76,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	133,210	65,850	67,355	88.0	88.2	87.9
Movers	18,090	8,830	9,255	12.0	11.8	12.1
Non-migrants	11,725	5,665	6,060	7.7	7.6	7.9
Migrants	6,365	3,170	3,200	4.2	4.2	4.2
Internal migrants	5,735	2,825	2,910	3.8	3.8	3.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,510	2,735	2,780	3.6	3.7	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	220	90	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	630	345	290	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	145,420	71,555	73,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,255	44,145	45,110	61.4	61.7	61.1
Movers	56,165	27,410	28,750	38.6	38.3	38.9
Non-migrants	30,765	14,750	16,010	21.2	20.6	21.7
Migrants	25,400	12,660	12,740	17.5	17.7	17.2
Internal migrants	22,150	10,885	11,270	15.2	15.2	15.3
Intraprovincial migrants	21,460	10,555	10,915	14.8	14.8	14.8
Interprovincial migrants	690	330	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	3,250	1,775	1,475	2.2	2.5	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	129,770	63,620	66,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,030	13,105	11,925	19.3	20.6	18.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	104,740	50,510	54,225	80.7	79.4	82.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,675	38,640	39,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,125	6,535	4,590	14.3	16.9	11.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,545	32,100	34,450	85.7	83.1	88.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	129,770	63,620	66,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,955	10,785	11,165	16.9	17.0	16.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,910	13,700	15,215	22.3	21.5	23.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	78,910	39,135	39,770	60.8	61.5	60.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,400	28,215	26,195	41.9	44.3	39.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,880	15,155	8,725	18.4	23.8	13.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	17,495	10,030	7,465	13.5	15.8	11.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,385	5,125	1,260	4.9	8.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,525	10,995	14,535	19.7	17.3	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,000	2,065	2,935	3.9	3.2	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,505	10,920	13,580	18.9	17.2	20.5
Bachelor's degree	16,265	6,975	9,295	12.5	11.0	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,795	835	965	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	805	360	440	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	4,675	2,225	2,450	3.6	3.5	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	965	530	435	0.7	0.8	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,675	38,635	39,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,940	4,960	3,980	11.5	12.8	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,810	6,460	6,345	16.5	16.7	16.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,920	27,215	28,710	72.0	70.4	73.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,480	19,475	18,000	48.3	50.4	46.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,385	10,855	6,525	22.4	28.1	16.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,825	7,205	5,625	16.5	18.6	14.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,560	3,655	905	5.9	9.5	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,020	7,255	9,765	21.9	18.8	25.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,075	1,365	1,710	4.0	3.5	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,440	7,735	10,705	23.7	20.0	27.4
Bachelor's degree	12,035	4,915	7,115	15.5	12.7	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,245	505	745	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	665	255	410	0.9	0.7	1.1
Master's degree	3,790	1,710	2,085	4.9	4.4	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	705	345	360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	129,770	63,615	66,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,865	24,485	26,380	39.2	38.5	39.9
Education	6,645	1,595	5,050	5.1	2.5	7.6
13. Education	6,645	1,595	5,050	5.1	2.5	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,145	960	1,180	1.7	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	360	240	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,780	720	1,065	1.4	1.1	1.6
Humanities	3,895	1,630	2,265	3.0	2.6	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	455	115	340	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,850	760	1,090	1.4	1.2	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	260	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	345	215	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	605	210	400	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,910	1,695	4,220	4.6	2.7	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	815	280	530	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,210	80	1,125	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	765	285	485	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	40	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,930	470	1,460	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	935	510	420	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	17,840	6,275	11,565	13.7	9.9	17.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,070	265	805	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,765	6,005	10,755	12.9	9.4	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,825	1,625	1,200	2.2	2.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	895	395	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	200	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	610	265	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
40. Physical sciences	780	600	180	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	230	165	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,225	1,530	695	1.7	2.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,730	1,340	390	1.3	2.1	0.6
25. Library science	310	55	255	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,140	16,915	1,225	14.0	26.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	445	265	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,350	2,065	285	1.8	3.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,750	3,440	305	2.9	5.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,200	4,060	145	3.2	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,240	4,075	165	3.3	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	3,145	3,005	140	2.4	4.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,080	1,310	775	1.6	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,240	585	655	1.0	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	845	720	130	0.7	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	11,085	2,060	9,025	8.5	3.2	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	750	375	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,935	1,520	8,415	7.7	2.4	12.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	375	165	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,100	3,525	2,575	4.7	5.5	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,040	830	2,210	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,310	1,085	225	1.0	1.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,730	1,595	140	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,675	38,635	39,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,750	11,420	10,330	28.0	29.6	26.5
Education	4,070	900	3,165	5.2	2.3	8.1
13. Education	4,070	900	3,165	5.2	2.3	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	715	840	2.0	1.9	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	275	185	95	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,280	535	750	1.6	1.4	1.9
Humanities	2,210	900	1,310	2.8	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	330	70	260	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	955	415	540	1.2	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	235	145	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	360	120	245	0.5	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,450	1,175	3,280	5.7	3.0	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	685	225	460	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	50	835	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	575	190	380	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	25	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,470	325	1,150	1.9	0.8	2.9
45. Social sciences	655	345	310	0.8	0.9	0.8
Business, management and public administration	12,835	4,185	8,645	16.5	10.8	22.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	175	605	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,055	4,010	8,040	15.5	10.4	20.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,600	955	640	2.1	2.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	670	275	395	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	105	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	120	80	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	520	395	125	0.7	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,755	1,230	525	2.3	3.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,475	1,135	340	1.9	2.9	0.9
25. Library science	175	20	155	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,940	11,880	1,060	16.7	30.7	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	330	200	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,910	1,650	260	2.5	4.3	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,635	2,350	285	3.4	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,955	2,835	115	3.8	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,940	2,790	150	3.8	7.2	0.4
48. Precision production	2,170	2,055	115	2.8	5.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,725	1,050	680	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,030	465	565	1.3	1.2	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	585	110	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	8,105	1,565	6,540	10.4	4.1	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	285	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,155	1,155	6,000	9.2	3.0	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	325	120	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,665	2,655	2,015	6.0	6.9	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,310	600	1,710	3.0	1.6	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,025	845	175	1.3	2.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,325	1,200	120	1.7	3.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	77,675	38,635	39,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,750	11,420	10,330	28.0	29.6	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,925	27,215	28,705	72.0	70.4	73.5
Location of study inside Canada	53,410	25,880	27,530	68.8	67.0	70.5
Same as province or territory of residence	52,820	25,545	27,275	68.0	66.1	69.9
Different than province or territory of residence	595	335	260	0.8	0.9	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,510	1,335	1,175	3.2	3.5	3.0
Americas	690	320	370	0.9	0.8	0.9
United States of America	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mexico	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	255	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	795	475	315	1.0	1.2	0.8
Belgium	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
France	555	330	220	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	740	425	315	1.0	1.1	0.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	375	205	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Asia	280	110	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	129,770	63,620	66,155	...	...	...
In the labour force	76,415	39,245	37,170	...	...	...
Employed	71,445	36,425	35,025	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,970	2,820	2,150	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	53,355	24,375	28,980	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.9	61.7	56.2	58.9	61.7	56.2
Employment rate	55.1	57.3	52.9	55.1	57.3	52.9
Unemployment rate	6.5	7.2	5.8	6.5	7.2	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	129,770	63,615	66,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,175	23,625	28,545	40.2	37.1	43.2
Worked	77,600	39,995	37,605	59.8	62.9	56.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,905	21,570	18,335	30.8	33.9	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	37,690	18,420	19,270	29.0	29.0	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.7	40.9	41.3	41.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	76,415	39,245	37,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,680	860	825	2.2	2.2	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	74,735	38,390	36,345	97.8	97.8	97.8
Employee	67,285	34,085	33,200	88.1	86.9	89.3
Permanent position	56,080	28,655	27,420	73.4	73.0	73.8
Temporary position	11,205	5,425	5,775	14.7	13.8	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,765	1,690	2,070	4.9	4.3	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,445	3,740	3,705	9.7	9.5	10.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,450	4,305	3,150	9.7	11.0	8.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	76,415	39,245	37,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,680	860	825	2.2	2.2	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	74,735	38,390	36,345	97.8	97.8	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,075	720	350	1.4	1.8	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,790	3,775	8,015	15.4	9.6	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,330	3,395	935	5.7	8.7	2.5
3 Health occupations	7,765	1,445	6,315	10.2	3.7	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,965	3,020	6,945	13.0	7.7	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,785	930	860	2.3	2.4	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	20,275	9,065	11,210	26.5	23.1	30.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,880	12,035	840	16.9	30.7	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,080	885	200	1.4	2.3	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,785	3,105	680	5.0	7.9	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	76,415	39,245	37,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,680	860	825	2.2	2.2	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	74,735	38,390	36,345	97.8	97.8	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,135	790	345	1.5	2.0	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	180	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	935	760	170	1.2	1.9	0.5
23 Construction	4,960	4,375	585	6.5	11.1	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	8,290	6,605	1,685	10.8	16.8	4.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,765	1,310	450	2.3	3.3	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	9,845	4,520	5,325	12.9	11.5	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,025	2,495	530	4.0	6.4	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,345	765	575	1.8	1.9	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,995	780	1,215	2.6	2.0	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820	465	350	1.1	1.2	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,805	2,100	1,705	5.0	5.4	4.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,525	1,645	880	3.3	4.2	2.4
61 Educational services	6,100	1,835	4,270	8.0	4.7	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	13,540	2,735	10,805	17.7	7.0	29.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,085	605	480	1.4	1.5	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,935	2,185	2,745	6.5	5.6	7.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,690	1,845	1,845	4.8	4.7	5.0
91 Public administration	4,695	2,365	2,330	6.1	6.0	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	82,115	42,200	39,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	635	360	270	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	72,830	36,410	36,425	88.7	86.3	91.3
Non-official language	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,095	5,155	2,935	9.9	12.2	7.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	245	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	82,115	42,200	39,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,010	41,550	39,455	98.7	98.5	98.8
Official languages	80,825	41,445	39,380	98.4	98.2	98.7
English	1,650	980	665	2.0	2.3	1.7
French	79,180	40,465	38,715	96.4	95.9	97.0
Non-official languages	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	85	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,105	645	460	1.3	1.5	1.2
English and French	1,035	625	410	1.3	1.5	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	82,115	42,200	39,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,620	37,435	37,185	90.9	88.7	93.2
English	6,125	3,940	2,185	7.5	9.3	5.5
French	1,045	670	375	1.3	1.6	0.9
Non-official language	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	71,445	36,425	35,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,805	5,095	5,710	15.1	14.0	16.3
Worked outside Canada	100	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,510	5,440	2,080	10.5	14.9	5.9
Usual place of work	53,025	25,810	27,215	74.2	70.9	77.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	53,030	25,815	27,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	38,285	17,360	20,925	72.2	67.2	76.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,660	1,700	1,955	6.9	6.6	7.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,025	6,705	4,325	20.8	26.0	15.9
Commute to a different province or territory	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	60,540	31,250	29,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	55,170	28,610	26,565	91.1	91.6	90.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	52,595	27,430	25,165	86.9	87.8	85.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,580	1,175	1,400	4.3	3.8	4.8
Public transit	1,285	480	805	2.1	1.5	2.7
Walked	2,880	1,355	1,530	4.8	4.3	5.2
Bicycle	400	325	70	0.7	1.0	0.2
Other method	805	485	320	1.3	1.6	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	60,540	31,250	29,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	26,885	12,740	14,140	44.4	40.8	48.3
15 to 29 minutes	22,105	11,080	11,025	36.5	35.5	37.6
30 to 44 minutes	7,515	4,525	2,995	12.4	14.5	10.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,740	1,120	615	2.9	3.6	2.1
60 minutes and over	2,295	1,780	515	3.8	5.7	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	60,540	31,250	29,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,940	2,315	625	4.9	7.4	2.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,710	6,640	3,070	16.0	21.2	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,615	10,205	10,410	34.1	32.7	35.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,000	4,940	8,060	21.5	15.8	27.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,285	2,145	3,140	8.7	6.9	10.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,990	5,000	3,990	14.8	16.0	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,605	14,225	13,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,925	1,410	1,515	10.6	9.9	11.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,680	12,815	11,865	89.4	90.1	88.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,970	10,350	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,285	1,075	1,210	11.4	10.4	12.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,725	770	955	8.6	7.4	9.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	305	260	2.8	2.9	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,685	9,270	8,410	88.6	89.6	87.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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