Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Eastern Regional Health AuthorityMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	313,365	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	159,580	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	136,035	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	313,365	153,055	160,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	43,105	22,105	20,990	13.8	14.4	13.1
0 to 4 years	12,165	6,250	5,915	3.9	4.1	3.7
5 to 9 years	14,610	7,450	7,160	4.7	4.9	4.5
10 to 14 years	16,325	8,410	7,915	5.2	5.5	4.9
15 to 64 years	201,925	99,265	102,660	64.4	64.9	64.0
15 to 19 years	15,975	8,210	7,765	5.1	5.4	4.8
20 to 24 years	17,520	9,130	8,390	5.6	6.0	5.2
25 to 29 years	16,975	8,530	8,445	5.4	5.6	5.3
30 to 34 years	18,510	9,110	9,405	5.9	6.0	5.9
35 to 39 years	19,640	9,565	10,080	6.3	6.2	6.3
40 to 44 years	20,005	9,595	10,410	6.4	6.3	6.5
45 to 49 years	20,960	10,215	10,745	6.7	6.7	6.7
50 to 54 years	22,755	10,995	11,765	7.3	7.2	7.3
55 to 59 years	24,950	12,020	12,925	8.0	7.9	8.1
60 to 64 years	24,630	11,905	12,725	7.9	7.8	7.9
65 years and over	68,340	31,675	36,660	21.8	20.7	22.9
65 to 69 years	23,005	11,180	11,825	7.3	7.3	7.4
70 to 74 years	19,545	9,280	10,265	6.2	6.1	6.4
75 to 79 years	12,690	5,945	6,745	4.0	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	7,360	3,255	4,105	2.3	2.1	2.6
85 years and over	5,740	2,015	3,730	1.8	1.3	2.3
85 to 89 years	3,705	1,475	2,230	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	1,570	445	1,135	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	410	85	320	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	14.4	13.1	13.8	14.4	13.1
15 to 64 years	64.4	64.9	64.0	64.4	64.9	64.0
65 years and over	21.8	20.7	22.9	21.8	20.7	22.9
85 years and over	1.8	1.3	2.3	1.8	1.3	2.3
Average age of the population	44.4	43.5	45.2	44.4	43.5	45.2
Median age of the population	46.4	45.2	47.2	46.4	45.2	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	90,985	...	...	66.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,875	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	7,150	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	23,505	...	...	17.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,300	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	560	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	215	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	445	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	38,705	...	...	28.5	...	...
2 persons	52,920	...	...	38.9	...	...
3 persons	21,750	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	16,780	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	5,880	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	308,370	150,735	157,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	270,265	130,945	139,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	158,105	78,945	79,155	58.5	60.3	56.8
Married	128,760	64,305	64,450	47.6	49.1	46.3
Living common-law	29,340	14,635	14,705	10.9	11.2	10.6
Living common law - Never married	22,210	11,015	11,195	8.2	8.4	8.0
Living common law - Separated	880	465	415	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	5,490	2,815	2,670	2.0	2.1	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	765	335	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	112,160	52,000	60,160	41.5	39.7	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	73,250	39,190	34,060	27.1	29.9	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,875	2,520	3,355	2.2	1.9	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15,360	6,305	9,050	5.7	4.8	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	17,680	3,985	13,695	6.5	3.0	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	93,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	53,340	...	...	57.2	...	...
3 persons	20,495	...	...	22.0	...	...
4 persons	15,430	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,015	...	...	4.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	93,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	77,955	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	63,285	...	...	67.8	...	...
With children⁶	28,995	...	...	31.1	...	...
Without children	34,290	...	...	36.8	...	...
Common-law couples	14,670	...	...	15.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,535	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	9,135	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	15,325	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	12,050	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,275	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	308,370	150,735	157,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	250,955	124,045	126,910	81.4	82.3	80.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	155,905	77,855	78,055	50.6	51.7	49.5
Parents in one-parent families	15,325	3,275	12,050	5.0	2.2	7.6
Children⁶	79,725	42,915	36,810	25.9	28.5	23.4
In a two-parent family	57,535	30,870	26,660	18.7	20.5	16.9
In a one-parent family	22,190	12,040	10,145	7.2	8.0	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	57,410	26,690	30,725	18.6	17.7	19.5
Living alone	38,705	17,040	21,665	12.6	11.3	13.7
Living with other relatives⁷	6,545	2,745	3,810	2.1	1.8	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	12,155	6,910	5,245	3.9	4.6	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	85,370	...	...	62.8	...	...
Couple-family households	72,830	...	...	53.5	...	...
With children⁶	32,315	...	...	23.8	...	...
Without children	40,510	...	...	29.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	12,545	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,705	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	430	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,060	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,765	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	38,705	...	...	28.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	265,300	128,650	136,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	256,690	124,410	132,280	96.8	96.7	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,800	38,800	43,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	256,775	124,450	132,325	96.8	96.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,600	34,800	38,400	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	215,820	107,375	108,445	81.3	83.5	79.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	28,800	33,200	38,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	177,375	89,935	87,435	66.9	69.9	64.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,200	34,800	40,400	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	208,790	95,320	113,465	78.7	74.1	83.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,300	14,400	12,500	13,300	14,400	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,255	27,695	21,555	18.6	21.5	15.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	8,900	6,550	7,550	8,900	6,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,980	33,865	34,110	25.6	26.3	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	265,300	128,615	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	256,555	124,325	132,225	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,250	58,900	44,040	51,250	58,900	44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	256,650	124,375	132,275	96.7	96.7	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,920	47,040	37,160	41,920	47,040	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215,550	107,095	108,455	81.2	83.3	79.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,080	56,000	40,240	48,080	56,000	40,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	177,375	89,765	87,610	66.9	69.8	64.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,360	55,950	40,600	48,360	55,950	40,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	208,520	95,185	113,335	78.6	74.0	82.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,380	13,940	12,920	13,380	13,940	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,005	27,450	21,555	18.5	21.3	15.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,810	10,430	9,010	9,810	10,430	9,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,110	33,470	33,640	25.3	26.0	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,640	8,740	8,690	8,640	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	265,300	128,615	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	79,385	39,845	39,535	29.9	31.0	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	71,500	56,400	63,200	71,500	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,400	87,100	65,600	76,400	87,100	65,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	74,340	38,120	36,220	28.0	29.6	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	21,000	14,700	17,400	21,000	14,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	35,440	22,540	29,160	35,440	22,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	81.8	74.8	78.8	81.8	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.2	68.6	61.0	65.2	68.6	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	18.1	25.1	21.2	18.1	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.7	3.9	3.3	3.7	3.9	3.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.4	6.0	5.1	4.4	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	5.1	4.4	4.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	265,300	128,645	136,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,610	4,235	4,375	3.2	3.3	3.2
With total income	256,695	124,415	132,280	96.8	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,495	8,300	11,195	7.6	6.7	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	33,150	13,275	19,870	12.9	10.7	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	44,490	19,540	24,955	17.3	15.7	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	35,400	15,805	19,600	13.8	12.7	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	30,125	13,870	16,255	11.7	11.1	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	22,370	10,940	11,430	8.7	8.8	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	16,515	8,800	7,715	6.4	7.1	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	12,575	7,165	5,410	4.9	5.8	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	9,755	5,460	4,290	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	8,260	4,275	3,985	3.2	3.4	3.0
$100,000 and over	24,555	16,980	7,575	9.6	13.6	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	16,175	10,600	5,575	6.3	8.5	4.2
$150,000 and over	8,380	6,380	2,000	3.3	5.1	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	265,300	128,645	136,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	8,530	4,200	4,330	3.2	3.3	3.2
With after-tax income	256,770	124,450	132,320	96.8	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,585	8,570	12,015	8.0	6.9	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	34,585	13,985	20,605	13.5	11.2	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	53,135	23,590	29,545	20.7	19.0	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	42,020	19,285	22,740	16.4	15.5	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	33,415	16,155	17,265	13.0	13.0	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	22,890	12,295	10,590	8.9	9.9	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	15,550	8,620	6,930	6.1	6.9	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	11,760	6,220	5,540	4.6	5.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	7,010	4,230	2,785	2.7	3.4	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	4,395	2,985	1,410	1.7	2.4	1.1
$100,000 and over	11,415	8,520	2,895	4.4	6.8	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	5,670	4,185	1,480	2.2	3.4	1.1
$125,000 and over	5,750	4,335	1,415	2.2	3.5	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	265,300	128,645	136,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	87,925	38,715	49,215	33.1	30.1	36.0
With employment income	177,375	89,935	87,440	66.9	69.9	64.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	26,830	12,670	14,155	15.1	14.1	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	14,350	6,375	7,975	8.1	7.1	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	22,490	10,500	11,995	12.7	11.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,440	8,075	9,370	9.8	9.0	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	15,415	7,020	8,395	8.7	7.8	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	15,020	7,000	8,020	8.5	7.8	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	12,530	6,115	6,410	7.1	6.8	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	10,420	5,715	4,710	5.9	6.4	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	8,725	4,905	3,820	4.9	5.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	7,585	4,175	3,420	4.3	4.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	6,895	3,440	3,455	3.9	3.8	4.0
$100,000 and over	19,670	13,955	5,720	11.1	15.5	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	8,710	5,545	3,165	4.9	6.2	3.6
$125,000 and over	10,965	8,410	2,550	6.2	9.4	2.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	265,300	128,650	136,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	252,025	122,025	130,000	95.0	94.9	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	32,000	37,200	44,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	252,235	122,060	130,175	95.1	94.9	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,200	33,600	38,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	214,445	106,615	107,830	80.8	82.9	78.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	29,600	35,200	42,400	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	179,350	90,825	88,525	67.6	70.6	64.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,400	30,600	36,400	44,400	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,690	83,785	103,905	70.7	65.1	76.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	11,200	9,300	10,100	11,200	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45,315	25,380	19,935	17.1	19.7	14.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,600	8,000	8,800	9,600	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	265,300	128,615	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	252,000	121,935	130,065	95.0	94.8	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	60,050	42,080	50,800	60,050	42,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	252,160	121,950	130,210	95.0	94.8	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	47,120	35,280	41,000	47,120	35,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	214,465	106,445	108,025	80.8	82.8	79.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,240	59,850	40,720	50,240	59,850	40,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	179,880	90,870	89,010	67.8	70.7	65.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,520	59,700	41,120	50,520	59,700	41,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,685	83,715	103,965	70.7	65.1	76.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,790	11,360	10,330	10,790	11,360	10,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,440	25,370	20,070	17.1	19.7	14.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,150	10,650	9,510	10,150	10,650	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	265,300	128,615	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	78,940	39,595	39,340	29.8	30.8	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	70,000	53,200	60,800	70,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,200	85,400	63,000	74,200	85,400	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	69,910	36,035	33,880	26.4	28.0	24.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	28,200	18,600	22,400	28,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,160	46,240	27,480	37,160	46,240	27,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.0	80.4	84.2	87.0	80.4
Employment income (%)	71.0	74.0	66.8	71.0	74.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)	15.8	13.0	19.6	15.8	13.0	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	136,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	38,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	97,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	136,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	38,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,480	...	...	46,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,960	...	...	38,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	97,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	805	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,190	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,285	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,500	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,540	...	...	5.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,335	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,010	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,620	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,735	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,380	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,165	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,450	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,805	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,135	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,200	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,870	...	...	35.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	14,460	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10,415	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,720	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	11,280	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	890	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,215	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,310	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,635	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,155	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,290	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,840	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,585	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,830	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,130	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,350	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10,345	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	9,045	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,620	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	36,515	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	14,195	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,240	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,085	...	...	9.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	93,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	14,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50,865	23,950	26,915	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	32,400	33,600	34,400	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	31,400	30,000	30,600	31,400	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	93,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,400	...	...	81,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50,950	23,890	27,055	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,640	45,880	41,640	43,640	45,880	41,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,880	38,040	35,840	36,880	38,040	35,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	308,365	150,735	157,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	52,535	26,975	25,560	17.0	17.9	16.2
0 to 5 years	15,035	7,710	7,325	4.9	5.1	4.6
18 to 64 years	190,840	93,230	97,610	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	64,995	30,530	34,465	21.1	20.3	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	42,195	19,175	23,020	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,485	3,925	3,560	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,420	1,300	1,120	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	20,570	9,450	11,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	14,135	5,795	8,340	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.7	12.7	14.6	13.7	12.7	14.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.6	13.9	14.3	14.6	13.9
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.8	15.3	16.1	16.8	15.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	10.1	11.4	10.8	10.1	11.4
65 years and over (%)	21.7	19.0	24.2	21.7	19.0	24.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	308,370	150,735	157,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	52,535	26,975	25,560	17.0	17.9	16.2
0 to 5 years	15,035	7,710	7,320	4.9	5.1	4.6
18 to 64 years	190,840	93,230	97,610	61.9	61.9	61.9
65 years and over	64,995	30,530	34,465	21.1	20.3	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,580	6,395	6,185	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,985	1,040	950	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	650	340	310	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,850	5,065	4,785	...	...	...
65 years and over	745	295	450	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.2	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.4	4.9	5.2	5.4	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	308,370	150,735	157,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	165,005	78,375	86,630	53.5	52.0	55.0
In bottom decile	35,470	16,550	18,915	11.5	11.0	12.0
In second decile	36,720	16,965	19,750	11.9	11.3	12.5
In third decile	32,240	15,285	16,955	10.5	10.1	10.8
In fourth decile	30,965	14,990	15,970	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	29,615	14,580	15,035	9.6	9.7	9.5
In top half of the distribution	143,360	72,360	71,005	46.5	48.0	45.0
In sixth decile	29,845	14,815	15,030	9.7	9.8	9.5
In seventh decile	29,790	15,055	14,735	9.7	10.0	9.3
In eighth decile	29,650	14,890	14,760	9.6	9.9	9.4
In ninth decile	29,035	14,745	14,285	9.4	9.8	9.1
In top decile	25,045	12,845	12,195	8.1	8.5	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	308,370	...	...	308,370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.341	...	...	0.341	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.480	...	...	0.480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	309,830	151,370	158,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	290,030	143,345	146,685	93.6	94.7	92.6
French only	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	19,065	7,645	11,425	6.2	5.1	7.2
Neither English nor French	670	345	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	309,830	151,370	158,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	307,830	150,375	157,460	99.4	99.3	99.4
French	1,185	595	590	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	240	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	575	290	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	309,830	151,370	158,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	307,495	150,190	157,305	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	298,815	145,530	153,285	96.4	96.1	96.7
English	297,630	144,945	152,685	96.1	95.8	96.4
French	1,185	585	600	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	8,680	4,660	4,020	2.8	3.1	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,645	4,645	3,995	2.8	3.1	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,650	910	745	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,585	875	710	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,370	775	600	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	710	290	425	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	605	245	360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	295	170	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,915	2,240	1,670	1.3	1.5	1.1
Albanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	220	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	215	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	190	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	430	255	180	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,125	1,290	835	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,690	1,060	630	0.5	0.7	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	545	360	190	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	135	100	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	195	125	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	245	170	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	435	230	205	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	370	190	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	325	170	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	425	405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	530	260	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	390	210	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,130	570	565	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	1,110	550	555	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	790	390	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,335	1,175	1,160	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	675	300	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,440	765	675	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	309,830	151,370	158,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	298,145	145,410	152,735	96.2	96.1	96.4
French	300	140	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,280	1,230	1,050	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,275	1,230	1,050	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	1,765	745	1,025	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	6,805	3,580	3,225	2.2	2.4	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	345	170	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	309,830	151,370	158,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	308,100	150,500	157,600	99.4	99.4	99.5
Official languages	303,370	147,985	155,385	97.9	97.8	98.1
English	302,870	147,750	155,120	97.8	97.6	97.9
French	500	235	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,730	2,515	2,220	1.5	1.7	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,725	2,510	2,215	1.5	1.7	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,080	555	525	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,035	535	505	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	905	475	435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	370	160	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	85	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,925	1,075	850	0.6	0.7	0.5
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,310	760	550	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	970	585	390	0.3	0.4	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	185	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	70	55	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	280	165	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	75	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	335	175	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	145	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	125	75	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	710	365	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	695	360	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	535	275	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,735	875	860	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,445	730	715	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	309,830	151,370	158,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	302,180	147,515	154,670	97.5	97.5	97.6
English	2,130	1,100	1,025	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	1,440	590	855	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,075	1,605	1,470	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,010	1,580	1,435	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	310	170	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	180	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	455	270	185	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	308,370	150,720	157,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	307,705	150,350	157,355	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	307,620	150,305	157,315	99.8	99.7	99.8
French	19,180	7,770	11,410	6.2	5.2	7.2
Non-official languages	14,600	7,590	7,010	4.7	5.0	4.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	90	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	85	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,470	7,535	6,935	4.7	5.0	4.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,295	1,330	970	0.7	0.9	0.6
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,235	1,290	945	0.7	0.9	0.6
Amharic	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,890	1,100	790	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	230	140	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	85	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	80	60	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,170	485	690	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	970	390	575	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	440	225	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,380	3,980	3,400	2.4	2.6	2.2
Albanian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	800	450	345	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	790	450	340	0.3	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	445	255	190	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	85	70	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,305	695	605	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	895	460	435	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	885	455	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	250	170	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	110	80	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	110	80	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,065	1,810	1,255	1.0	1.2	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,555	1,565	995	0.8	1.0	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	795	500	295	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	255	210	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	1,215	815	405	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	710	425	290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	410	225	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	520	255	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	475	230	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	425	205	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,390	1,135	1,260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	425	240	185	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	360	175	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,645	745	905	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	165	60	105	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,040	560	475	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	125	80	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	250	130	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	685	270	410	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	650	255	395	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,385	745	640	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	1,345	725	620	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,070	575	500	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	305	165	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	80	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	308,370	150,715	157,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,080	4,305	4,775	2.9	2.9	3.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,370	3,970	4,395	2.7	2.6	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,190	2,480	2,715	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis	1,860	850	1,015	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	1,315	645	670	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	570	280	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	299,290	146,410	152,880	97.1	97.1	97.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	308,370	150,715	157,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,080	1,485	1,595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	305,285	149,230	156,055	99.0	99.0	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	101,510	...	...	74.6	...	...
Renter	34,530	...	...	25.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,380	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not condominium	131,655	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	295	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	8,800	...	...	6.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	30,500	...	...	22.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	61,835	...	...	45.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	34,610	...	...	25.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,490	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 rooms	20,395	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	23,190	...	...	17.0	...	...
7 rooms	19,905	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	49,060	...	...	36.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	135,500	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	535	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	133,655	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,380	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	23,345	...	...	17.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	39,060	...	...	28.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	20,250	...	...	14.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,410	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,545	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,460	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	11,530	...	...	8.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,435	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	129,615	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,420	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	68,985	...	...	50.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	63,130	...	...	46.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,920	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,885	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	16,185	...	...	11.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,225	...	...	15.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	24,310	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	28,590	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	25,560	...	...	18.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	12,865	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	3,410	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	135,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	113,605	...	...	83.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	22,040	...	...	16.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	20,375	...	...	15.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	136,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	29,130	...	...	21.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20,485	...	...	15.1	...	...
Not suitable only	2,005	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,960	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	220	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,305	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	106,905	...	...	78.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	133,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	11,170	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	122,810	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	101,440	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,152	...	...	1,152	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	284,400	...	...	284,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,525	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.5	...	...	33.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.9	...	...	21.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	949	...	...	949	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	308,365	150,715	157,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,835	2,240	2,595	1.6	1.5	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,660	2,150	2,510	1.5	1.4	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,260	1,540	1,720	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	640	275	365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	765	340	425	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,690	4,725	4,965	3.1	3.1	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,425	4,630	4,790	3.1	3.1	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,190	3,595	3,600	2.3	2.4	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,040	460	580	0.3	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,195	575	620	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	270	95	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	293,845	143,750	150,090	95.3	95.4	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	308,370	150,715	157,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	299,330	145,800	153,535	97.1	96.7	97.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	51,420	26,400	25,025	16.7	17.5	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	247,910	119,400	128,510	80.4	79.2	81.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,040	4,915	4,120	2.9	3.3	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	308,370	150,715	157,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	293,070	142,625	150,450	95.0	94.6	95.4
Immigrants⁸¹	10,765	5,515	5,250	3.5	3.7	3.3
Before 1980	2,400	1,190	1,205	0.8	0.8	0.8
1980 to 1990	650	420	235	0.2	0.3	0.1
1991 to 2000	805	415	390	0.3	0.3	0.2
2001 to 2010	1,915	1,000	915	0.6	0.7	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,995	2,490	2,505	1.6	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2015	1,770	910	865	0.6	0.6	0.5
2016 to 2021	3,220	1,575	1,640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,530	2,575	1,960	1.5	1.7	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,765	5,515	5,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,275	630	645	11.8	11.4	12.3
5 to 14 years	1,940	975	965	18.0	17.7	18.4
15 to 24 years	1,655	875	780	15.4	15.9	14.9
25 to 44 years	5,055	2,575	2,475	47.0	46.7	47.1
45 years and over	845	460	390	7.8	8.3	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,765	5,515	5,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,815	885	930	16.9	16.0	17.7
Brazil	85	35	50	0.8	0.6	1.0
Colombia	125	55	70	1.2	1.0	1.3
El Salvador	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	150	60	90	1.4	1.1	1.7
Mexico	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Peru	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
United States of America	1,090	565	525	10.1	10.2	10.0
Other places of birth in Americas	255	115	145	2.4	2.1	2.8
Europe	3,140	1,755	1,390	29.2	31.8	26.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	30	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Croatia	35	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
France	160	80	85	1.5	1.5	1.6
Germany	175	90	85	1.6	1.6	1.6
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	85	50	30	0.8	0.9	0.6
Netherlands	60	45	15	0.6	0.8	0.3
Poland	40	35	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Portugal	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romania	80	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.9
Russian Federation	115	55	60	1.1	1.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	50	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,665	910	755	15.5	16.5	14.4
Other places of birth in Europe	585	360	225	5.4	6.5	4.3
Africa	1,595	870	725	14.8	15.8	13.8
Algeria	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	40	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
Egypt	155	115	40	1.4	2.1	0.8
Eritrea	155	90	60	1.4	1.6	1.1
Ethiopia	70	40	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	370	195	175	3.4	3.5	3.3
Somalia	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	60	65	1.2	1.1	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	590	300	290	5.5	5.4	5.5
Asia	4,120	1,980	2,145	38.3	35.9	40.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	110	55	50	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iraq	145	70	75	1.3	1.3	1.4
Lebanon	70	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	455	225	230	4.2	4.1	4.4
Turkey	50	35	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
China⁹⁰	535	245	290	5.0	4.4	5.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	85	40	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	85	20	65	0.8	0.4	1.2
Taiwan	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Philippines	910	355	555	8.5	6.4	10.6
Viet Nam	80	35	40	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bangladesh	205	125	85	1.9	2.3	1.6
India	595	340	255	5.5	6.2	4.9
Pakistan	175	65	110	1.6	1.2	2.1
Sri Lanka	65	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	495	265	235	4.6	4.8	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90	30	60	0.8	0.5	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,220	1,580	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	150	170	10.1	9.5	10.4
Brazil	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Colombia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	55	50	3.1	3.5	3.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	125	65	55	3.9	4.1	3.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	10	30	1.4	0.6	1.8
Europe	285	160	125	8.9	10.1	7.6
France	30	10	20	0.9	0.6	1.2
Germany	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	20	1.2	1.3	1.2
Italy	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.8	0.9	0.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	70	30	3.0	4.4	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25	1.7	1.9	1.5
Africa	805	420	385	25.0	26.6	23.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	1.7	1.9	1.5
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	10	1.2	1.6	0.6
Eritrea	100	60	45	3.1	3.8	2.7
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.9
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	245	135	110	7.6	8.5	6.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	1.1	1.6	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	70	35	30	2.2	2.2	1.8
Tunisia	35	15	25	1.1	0.9	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	190	90	100	5.9	5.7	6.1
Asia	1,795	840	955	55.7	53.2	58.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	70	35	30	2.2	2.2	1.8
China⁹⁰	180	75	105	5.6	4.7	6.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	225	150	80	7.0	9.5	4.9
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	20	1.1	1.3	1.2
Iraq	50	15	35	1.6	0.9	2.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.6	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	30	0	30	0.9	0.0	1.8
Lebanon	55	30	20	1.7	1.9	1.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	80	35	45	2.5	2.2	2.7
Philippines	465	180	290	14.4	11.4	17.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.6	0.9	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	12.1	13.0	11.3
Turkey	25	20	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.2
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.8	0.6	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	85	25	55	2.6	1.6	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	308,370	150,715	157,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,825	8,820	8,005	5.5	5.9	5.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,990	6,555	6,440	4.2	4.3	4.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	278,550	135,340	143,210	90.3	89.8	90.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,365	4,325	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,660	2,450	2,210	55.7	56.6	54.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,245	1,405	845	26.8	32.5	20.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,410	1,050	1,360	28.8	24.3	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,980	990	985	23.7	22.9	24.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,675	845	825	20.0	19.5	20.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	40	20	0.7	0.9	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,365	4,325	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	185	105	75	2.2	2.4	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,700	910	785	20.3	21.0	19.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	400	240	160	4.8	5.5	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,060	600	455	12.7	13.9	11.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,990	2,445	2,545	59.7	56.5	62.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	308,370	150,715	157,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,340	7,010	6,330	4.3	4.7	4.0
South Asian	3,555	2,050	1,505	1.2	1.4	1.0
Chinese	1,785	925	855	0.6	0.6	0.5
Black	3,010	1,600	1,410	1.0	1.1	0.9
Filipino	1,225	525	700	0.4	0.3	0.4
Arab	1,560	915	645	0.5	0.6	0.4
Latin American	655	310	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	395	175	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	505	250	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	170	65	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	290	120	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	295,030	143,705	151,320	95.7	95.3	96.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	308,370	150,715	157,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	76,945	37,400	39,545	25.0	24.8	25.1
English	112,775	54,395	58,380	36.6	36.1	37.0
Irish	94,715	45,860	48,855	30.7	30.4	31.0
Scottish	21,895	10,495	11,405	7.1	7.0	7.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,000	5,865	6,135	3.9	3.9	3.9
German	4,810	2,365	2,450	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese	1,850	945	910	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italian	1,725	845	875	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indian (India)	2,000	1,125	875	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	1,175	575	600	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	1,235	640	595	0.4	0.4	0.4
Polish	935	480	455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,085	5,425	5,660	3.6	3.6	3.6
Filipino	1,260	560	700	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	405	170	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15,710	7,435	8,275	5.1	4.9	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,150	1,040	1,115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	1,995	860	1,140	0.6	0.6	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	5,330	2,650	2,685	1.7	1.8	1.7
Russian	560	290	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	1,270	650	620	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	4,300	2,255	2,045	1.4	1.5	1.3
Portuguese	880	440	445	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	1,500	705	795	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	875	435	440	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	715	365	345	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	205	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	710	330	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	220	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	605	305	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	425	270	155	0.1	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	155	60	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	150	80	70	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	745	420	325	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	275	150	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	240	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	390	210	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	180	70	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	225	75	150	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	485	230	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	410	200	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,220	600	615	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	490	260	230	0.2	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	930	435	495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	260	130	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	155	65	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	5,345	2,655	2,685	1.7	1.8	1.7
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	830	450	380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	280	140	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	320	210	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	280	165	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	85	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	21,390	10,490	10,900	6.9	7.0	6.9
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	270	105	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	2,015	930	1,085	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bangladeshi	520	310	210	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algerian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	390	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	185	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	140	110	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	110	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	265	120	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	240	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	90	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	445	195	255	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	185	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	75	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	140	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	265	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	50	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	115	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	255	160	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	280	125	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	115	75	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	60	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	1,475	745	730	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	115	80	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	308,370	150,720	157,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	375	195	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	247,850	118,715	129,140	80.4	78.8	81.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,430	4,645	4,780	3.1	3.1	3.0
Anabaptist	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	60,015	28,660	31,355	19.5	19.0	19.9
Baptist	740	360	385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	113,685	54,450	59,240	36.9	36.1	37.6
Christian Orthodox	540	310	230	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	875	405	470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	140	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	205	130	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	12,330	5,830	6,495	4.0	3.9	4.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	7,735	3,555	4,185	2.5	2.4	2.7
Presbyterian	925	450	475	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	38,765	18,690	20,075	12.6	12.4	12.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,380	1,150	1,230	0.8	0.8	0.8
Hindu	975	580	400	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	220	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,475	1,850	1,635	1.1	1.2	1.0
Sikh	580	325	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	740	290	450	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	54,115	28,650	25,460	17.5	19.0	16.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	306,085	149,485	156,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	276,715	135,505	141,210	90.4	90.6	90.2
Movers	29,370	13,980	15,390	9.6	9.4	9.8
Non-migrants	16,575	7,820	8,750	5.4	5.2	5.6
Migrants	12,795	6,155	6,640	4.2	4.1	4.2
Internal migrants	11,855	5,635	6,225	3.9	3.8	4.0
Intraprovincial migrants	8,130	3,770	4,360	2.7	2.5	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,730	1,860	1,870	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	935	520	415	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	296,300	144,570	151,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	206,930	101,060	105,875	69.8	69.9	69.8
Movers	89,370	43,510	45,860	30.2	30.1	30.2
Non-migrants	34,050	16,660	17,385	11.5	11.5	11.5
Migrants	55,320	26,855	28,470	18.7	18.6	18.8
Internal migrants	49,185	23,620	25,560	16.6	16.3	16.8
Intraprovincial migrants	38,415	18,125	20,290	13.0	12.5	13.4
Interprovincial migrants	10,765	5,495	5,270	3.6	3.8	3.5
External migrants	6,140	3,235	2,910	2.1	2.2	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	265,305	128,615	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	48,020	25,460	22,560	18.1	19.8	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	217,280	103,155	114,120	81.9	80.2	83.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	167,020	80,625	86,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,710	10,945	7,765	11.2	13.6	9.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	148,310	69,680	78,630	88.8	86.4	91.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	265,300	128,620	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	43,915	22,385	21,525	16.6	17.4	15.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	71,670	34,585	37,085	27.0	26.9	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	149,720	71,645	78,070	56.4	55.7	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95,215	48,260	46,955	35.9	37.5	34.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,805	18,100	6,710	9.3	14.1	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,100	7,005	5,095	4.6	5.4	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	12,710	11,095	1,615	4.8	8.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	64,145	27,575	36,570	24.2	21.4	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,265	2,585	3,675	2.4	2.0	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	54,505	23,390	31,115	20.5	18.2	22.8
Bachelor's degree	35,000	14,580	20,420	13.2	11.3	14.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,430	1,165	1,265	0.9	0.9	0.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,495	725	765	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	13,265	5,470	7,795	5.0	4.3	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,320	1,455	870	0.9	1.1	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	167,020	80,625	86,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,080	9,035	7,045	9.6	11.2	8.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,805	18,925	18,880	22.6	23.5	21.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	113,135	52,670	60,470	67.7	65.3	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70,585	35,220	35,360	42.3	43.7	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,710	13,000	4,705	10.6	16.1	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,495	5,005	3,490	5.1	6.2	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,215	7,995	1,220	5.5	9.9	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	48,810	20,490	28,315	29.2	25.4	32.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,070	1,730	2,335	2.4	2.1	2.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,545	17,445	25,105	25.5	21.6	29.1
Bachelor's degree	27,000	11,015	15,985	16.2	13.7	18.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,885	835	1,050	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,235	535	700	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	10,755	4,095	6,660	6.4	5.1	7.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,675	965	710	1.0	1.2	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	265,300	128,620	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	115,580	56,970	58,615	43.6	44.3	42.9
Education	11,810	3,400	8,410	4.5	2.6	6.2
13. Education	11,810	3,400	8,410	4.5	2.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,770	1,265	1,510	1.0	1.0	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	370	295	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,400	965	1,430	0.9	0.8	1.0
Humanities	5,720	2,395	3,325	2.2	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	440	105	335	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	1,560	570	985	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,350	495	860	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	495	290	205	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	620	355	265	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	625	370	250	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	405	90	320	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,405	3,565	7,840	4.3	2.8	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	210	45	170	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	700	305	400	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,325	165	2,160	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,575	550	1,025	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	2,265	485	1,785	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	4,220	1,975	2,240	1.6	1.5	1.6
Business, management and public administration	33,400	8,970	24,425	12.6	7.0	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	15	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,950	310	1,640	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,370	8,645	22,730	11.8	6.7	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,620	2,285	2,335	1.7	1.8	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,060	830	1,225	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	875	430	455	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	20	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,425	970	455	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	30	125	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,285	3,620	2,665	2.4	2.8	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,330	3,195	2,135	2.0	2.5	1.6
25. Library science	335	40	295	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	550	320	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	70	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	37,215	33,550	3,665	14.0	26.1	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	280	200	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	5,595	4,465	1,130	2.1	3.5	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	9,455	7,870	1,585	3.6	6.1	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	11,220	10,800	420	4.2	8.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,340	6,130	215	2.4	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	4,320	4,090	235	1.6	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,310	1,225	1,085	0.9	1.0	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,210	470	740	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,105	755	350	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	21,620	3,815	17,800	8.1	3.0	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,165	550	615	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	19,800	2,930	16,880	7.5	2.3	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	585	315	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,550	7,550	5,000	4.7	5.9	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,715	1,470	4,240	2.2	1.1	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,445	1,065	380	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,355	4,980	380	2.0	3.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	167,020	80,625	86,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,890	27,960	25,930	32.3	34.7	30.0
Education	7,170	1,745	5,425	4.3	2.2	6.3
13. Education	7,170	1,745	5,425	4.3	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,265	1,015	1,250	1.4	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	195	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,015	820	1,200	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	3,970	1,640	2,330	2.4	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	95	230	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,020	355	660	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,005	370	635	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	380	205	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	185	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	480	300	185	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	45	225	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,160	2,655	6,510	5.5	3.3	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	40	150	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	245	335	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,925	130	1,790	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,300	390	900	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,775	355	1,415	1.1	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	3,310	1,455	1,855	2.0	1.8	2.1
Business, management and public administration	25,460	6,515	18,945	15.2	8.1	21.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,490	180	1,310	0.9	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,910	6,325	17,585	14.3	7.8	20.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,455	1,645	1,805	2.1	2.0	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,520	575	945	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	655	295	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,115	740	375	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,540	3,210	2,330	3.3	4.0	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,820	2,905	1,915	2.9	3.6	2.2
25. Library science	270	30	235	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	225	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	27,650	24,410	3,235	16.6	30.3	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	205	140	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	4,550	3,535	1,005	2.7	4.4	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	7,245	5,845	1,405	4.3	7.2	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	8,355	7,990	365	5.0	9.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,275	4,100	180	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	3,010	2,810	200	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,895	965	930	1.1	1.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	350	595	0.6	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	945	620	330	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	16,495	2,850	13,645	9.9	3.5	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	900	430	470	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15,045	2,145	12,900	9.0	2.7	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	485	250	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,055	6,020	4,040	6.0	7.5	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,570	1,160	3,415	2.7	1.4	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,170	855	320	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,280	3,980	310	2.6	4.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	167,020	80,625	86,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,890	27,960	25,930	32.3	34.7	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	113,130	52,665	60,470	67.7	65.3	70.0
Location of study inside Canada	107,890	50,195	57,700	64.6	62.3	66.8
Same as province or territory of residence	93,050	43,425	49,625	55.7	53.9	57.4
Different than province or territory of residence	14,840	6,770	8,075	8.9	8.4	9.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,240	2,475	2,765	3.1	3.1	3.2
Americas	1,300	555	750	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	915	415	505	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mexico	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	85	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,440	845	600	0.9	1.0	0.7
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	805	495	310	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	560	285	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	185	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	85	40	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	185	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,820	740	1,075	1.1	0.9	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	0	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	535	205	330	0.3	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	80	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	125	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	265,300	128,620	136,685	...	...	...
In the labour force	156,320	79,340	76,985	...	...	...
Employed	135,895	67,020	68,875	...	...	...
Unemployed	20,425	12,320	8,105	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	108,980	49,280	59,700	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.9	61.7	56.3	58.9	61.7	56.3
Employment rate	51.2	52.1	50.4	51.2	52.1	50.4
Unemployment rate	13.1	15.5	10.5	13.1	15.5	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	265,300	128,620	136,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	106,880	48,020	58,860	40.3	37.3	43.1
Worked	158,420	80,600	77,825	59.7	62.7	56.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	80,690	40,580	40,110	30.4	31.6	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	77,730	40,015	37,715	29.3	31.1	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	38.5	40.2	39.3	38.5	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	156,320	79,335	76,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,190	2,345	1,845	2.7	3.0	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	152,135	77,000	75,135	97.3	97.1	97.6
Employee	138,495	68,900	69,595	88.6	86.8	90.4
Permanent position	100,910	48,890	52,025	64.6	61.6	67.6
Temporary position	37,585	20,010	17,575	24.0	25.2	22.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	9,435	4,215	5,220	6.0	5.3	6.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	28,145	15,795	12,350	18.0	19.9	16.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,640	8,100	5,540	8.7	10.2	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	156,320	79,335	76,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,190	2,345	1,845	2.7	3.0	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	152,135	77,000	75,135	97.3	97.1	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,460	925	530	0.9	1.2	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	23,725	6,640	17,090	15.2	8.4	22.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,835	9,125	2,710	7.6	11.5	3.5
3 Health occupations	13,725	2,560	11,165	8.8	3.2	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	21,070	6,130	14,935	13.5	7.7	19.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,675	1,615	2,060	2.4	2.0	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	38,955	16,630	22,325	24.9	21.0	29.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	27,650	25,595	2,050	17.7	32.3	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,825	3,995	825	3.1	5.0	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,215	3,775	1,440	3.3	4.8	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	156,320	79,335	76,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	4,190	2,345	1,845	2.7	3.0	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	152,135	77,000	75,135	97.3	97.1	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,295	3,230	1,060	2.7	4.1	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,650	3,835	820	3.0	4.8	1.1
22 Utilities	1,680	1,155	530	1.1	1.5	0.7
23 Construction	12,440	11,040	1,400	8.0	13.9	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	7,275	5,115	2,160	4.7	6.4	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	3,285	2,465	825	2.1	3.1	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	18,835	8,525	10,310	12.0	10.7	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,975	5,370	1,605	4.5	6.8	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	2,165	1,190	980	1.4	1.5	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,555	1,235	2,320	2.3	1.6	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,565	935	625	1.0	1.2	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,525	5,610	3,915	6.1	7.1	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,250	3,260	1,990	3.4	4.1	2.6
61 Educational services	11,595	3,890	7,710	7.4	4.9	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	24,465	4,415	20,050	15.7	5.6	26.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,585	1,260	1,325	1.7	1.6	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	10,145	4,245	5,900	6.5	5.4	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,540	3,095	3,440	4.2	3.9	4.5
91 Public administration	15,120	7,055	8,070	9.7	8.9	10.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	169,320	85,985	83,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	166,755	85,015	81,745	98.5	98.9	98.1
French	280	90	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,755	585	1,170	1.0	0.7	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	390	205	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	169,320	85,985	83,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	169,010	85,850	83,160	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	168,880	85,775	83,105	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	168,255	85,625	82,635	99.4	99.6	99.2
French	625	160	470	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	310	130	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	235	90	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	169,320	85,985	83,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	167,435	85,290	82,145	98.9	99.2	98.6
English	380	80	295	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	1,180	425	745	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	260	125	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	250	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	135,895	67,015	68,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,755	9,340	12,415	16.0	13.9	18.0
Worked outside Canada	340	285	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	19,235	13,905	5,330	14.2	20.7	7.7
Usual place of work	94,560	43,485	51,070	69.6	64.9	74.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	94,560	43,485	51,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	47,900	20,690	27,205	50.7	47.6	53.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	43,130	20,205	22,925	45.6	46.5	44.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,210	1,525	685	2.3	3.5	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	1,320	1,070	250	1.4	2.5	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	113,795	57,390	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	101,180	50,030	51,150	88.9	87.2	90.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	91,255	45,970	45,280	80.2	80.1	80.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	9,925	4,060	5,865	8.7	7.1	10.4
Public transit	3,000	1,680	1,315	2.6	2.9	2.3
Walked	5,050	2,320	2,730	4.4	4.0	4.8
Bicycle	160	115	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	4,415	3,245	1,170	3.9	5.7	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	113,795	57,390	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	50,705	23,415	27,295	44.6	40.8	48.4
15 to 29 minutes	42,930	21,435	21,490	37.7	37.3	38.1
30 to 44 minutes	10,595	5,940	4,645	9.3	10.4	8.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,070	1,770	1,295	2.7	3.1	2.3
60 minutes and over	6,500	4,825	1,675	5.7	8.4	3.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	113,795	57,390	56,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,010	3,785	1,225	4.4	6.6	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	14,210	9,330	4,880	12.5	16.3	8.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	34,745	18,290	16,455	30.5	31.9	29.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30,655	13,105	17,555	26.9	22.8	31.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,315	4,845	8,465	11.7	8.4	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,860	8,030	7,825	13.9	14.0	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	53,660	27,550	26,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,785	875	910	3.3	3.2	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	51,870	26,670	25,205	96.7	96.8	96.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	40,505	20,795	19,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,310	635	670	3.2	3.1	3.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	675	315	355	1.7	1.5	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	640	325	320	1.6	1.6	1.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	39,195	20,155	19,040	96.8	96.9	96.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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