Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	DrummondvilleMore information: Quebec [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,610	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	97,149^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	47,323	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,697	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	92.8	...	...	92.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,094.36	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,610	50,840	50,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,995	8,720	8,275	16.7	17.2	16.3
0 to 4 years	5,215	2,665	2,545	5.1	5.2	5.0
5 to 9 years	5,720	2,925	2,800	5.6	5.8	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,060	3,130	2,930	6.0	6.2	5.8
15 to 64 years	61,970	31,670	30,300	61.0	62.3	59.7
15 to 19 years	5,415	2,805	2,610	5.3	5.5	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,185	2,715	2,465	5.1	5.3	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,610	2,895	2,715	5.5	5.7	5.3
30 to 34 years	5,940	3,115	2,825	5.8	6.1	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,075	3,135	2,935	6.0	6.2	5.8
40 to 44 years	7,225	3,640	3,585	7.1	7.2	7.1
45 to 49 years	5,940	3,060	2,885	5.8	6.0	5.7
50 to 54 years	5,840	3,020	2,815	5.7	5.9	5.5
55 to 59 years	7,250	3,635	3,620	7.1	7.1	7.1
60 to 64 years	7,485	3,640	3,845	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over	22,645	10,450	12,195	22.3	20.6	24.0
65 to 69 years	7,125	3,535	3,590	7.0	7.0	7.1
70 to 74 years	6,215	2,960	3,260	6.1	5.8	6.4
75 to 79 years	4,260	1,950	2,310	4.2	3.8	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,625	1,185	1,435	2.6	2.3	2.8
85 years and over	2,415	820	1,595	2.4	1.6	3.1
85 to 89 years	1,515	590	925	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	715	190	525	0.7	0.4	1.0
95 to 99 years	160	40	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.2	16.3	16.7	17.2	16.3
15 to 64 years	61.0	62.3	59.7	61.0	62.3	59.7
65 years and over	22.3	20.6	24.0	22.3	20.6	24.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	43.2	42.2	44.2	43.2	42.2	44.2
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,180	...	...	52.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,405	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	820	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,545	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,610	...	...	29.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	490	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,680	...	...	36.5	...	...
2 persons	16,400	...	...	35.9	...	...
3 persons	5,225	...	...	11.4	...	...
4 persons	4,800	...	...	10.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,590	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	84,615	42,120	42,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,845	23,850	24,000	56.5	56.6	56.5
Married	24,190	12,070	12,115	28.6	28.7	28.5
Living common-law	23,660	11,775	11,880	28.0	28.0	28.0
Living common law - Never married	19,035	9,440	9,595	22.5	22.4	22.6
Living common law - Separated	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,890	2,000	1,890	4.6	4.7	4.4
Living common law - Widowed	510	215	290	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	36,770	18,275	18,495	43.5	43.4	43.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,110	13,975	11,135	29.7	33.2	26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	925	415	515	1.1	1.0	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,425	2,710	3,720	7.6	6.4	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,300	1,175	3,125	5.1	2.8	7.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,885	...	...	57.3	...	...
3 persons	4,985	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	4,610	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,235	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,335	...	...	84.2	...	...
Married couples	11,515	...	...	41.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,800	...	...	13.7	...	...
Without children	7,710	...	...	27.8	...	...
Common-law couples	11,825	...	...	42.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,155	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	5,665	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,375	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,060	...	...	11.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,315	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,180	38,470	38,710	78.3	77.7	79.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,675	23,275	23,395	47.4	47.0	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	4,375	1,315	3,060	4.4	2.7	6.2
Children⁶	26,130	13,880	12,255	26.5	28.0	25.0
In a two-parent family	19,265	10,130	9,140	19.5	20.4	18.6
In a one-parent family	6,870	3,750	3,115	7.0	7.6	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,385	11,075	10,315	21.7	22.4	21.0
Living alone	16,680	8,345	8,340	16.9	16.8	17.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,565	785	780	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,140	1,945	1,195	3.2	3.9	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,180	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	22,360	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,520	...	...	20.8	...	...
Without children	12,840	...	...	28.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,820	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,550	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	16,680	...	...	36.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,585	40,830	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,020	40,035	39,985	98.1	98.1	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	34,400	38,800	43,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,040	40,050	39,990	98.1	98.1	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,400	34,400	37,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,745	36,215	34,530	86.7	88.7	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	37,600	25,000	31,200	37,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,610	30,035	26,575	69.4	73.6	65.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	28,800	34,800	40,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,545	32,995	35,555	84.0	80.8	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	10,000	13,100	11,700	10,000	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,475	6,125	5,345	14.1	15.0	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,120	5,360	5,240	5,120	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,550	12,420	11,130	28.9	30.4	27.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	6,550	6,000	5,520	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,580	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,030	40,090	39,945	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	50,680	40,000	45,360	50,680	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,040	40,090	39,955	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	41,560	34,840	38,200	41,560	34,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,700	36,235	34,460	86.7	88.8	84.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	45,600	32,160	39,040	45,600	32,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,610	30,025	26,585	69.4	73.5	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	45,800	34,760	40,600	45,800	34,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,445	33,020	35,425	83.9	80.9	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,710	11,520	13,820	12,710	11,520	13,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,510	6,175	5,330	14.1	15.1	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,315	5,720	7,010	6,315	5,720	7,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,460	12,250	11,210	28.8	30.0	27.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,290	6,890	7,720	7,290	6,890	7,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,580	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,405	15,520	11,885	33.6	38.0	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	55,200	46,800	50,800	55,200	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,400	63,300	52,050	58,400	63,300	52,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,610	11,370	12,235	28.9	27.9	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	23,200	16,000	18,800	23,200	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,040	30,360	22,020	26,040	30,360	22,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	81.2	69.4	76.0	81.2	69.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.3	67.6	57.8	63.3	67.6	57.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	18.7	30.7	24.0	18.7	30.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.0	1.7	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.8	6.7	5.6	4.8	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.4	4.7	4.2	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,585	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,570	795	775	1.9	1.9	1.9
With total income	80,015	40,035	39,985	98.1	98.1	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,765	2,070	2,695	6.0	5.2	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,670	4,215	6,455	13.3	10.5	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,780	6,680	8,100	18.5	16.7	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,305	5,240	6,065	14.1	13.1	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,410	5,750	5,655	14.3	14.4	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,920	4,825	4,090	11.1	12.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,010	3,595	2,415	7.5	9.0	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,820	2,405	1,415	4.8	6.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,845	1,670	1,180	3.6	4.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	1,005	690	2.1	2.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,800	2,585	1,210	4.7	6.5	3.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,750	1,805	940	3.4	4.5	2.4
$150,000 and over	1,050	775	275	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,585	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,545	780	765	1.9	1.9	1.9
With after-tax income	80,040	40,050	39,995	98.1	98.1	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,070	2,175	2,890	6.3	5.4	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,205	4,500	6,710	14.0	11.2	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	17,250	7,850	9,400	21.6	19.6	23.5
$30,000 to $39,999	14,600	7,270	7,335	18.2	18.2	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,075	7,085	5,990	16.3	17.7	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,155	4,765	3,395	10.2	11.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,655	2,700	1,955	5.8	6.7	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,510	1,380	1,125	3.1	3.4	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,300	795	505	1.6	2.0	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	735	470	265	0.9	1.2	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,485	1,060	430	1.9	2.6	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	790	535	250	1.0	1.3	0.6
$125,000 and over	695	520	175	0.9	1.3	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,585	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,975	10,790	14,185	30.6	26.4	34.8
With employment income	56,610	30,035	26,570	69.4	73.6	65.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,410	3,160	3,250	11.3	10.5	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	4,590	1,950	2,640	8.1	6.5	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,575	3,260	4,315	13.4	10.9	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,590	3,085	3,510	11.6	10.3	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	6,970	3,585	3,385	12.3	11.9	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,925	3,710	3,215	12.2	12.4	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,155	3,205	1,950	9.1	10.7	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,885	2,580	1,305	6.9	8.6	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,570	1,680	890	4.5	5.6	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	1,200	895	3.7	4.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	735	415	2.0	2.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,695	1,895	800	4.8	6.3	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,390	950	445	2.5	3.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,300	945	355	2.3	3.1	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,585	40,830	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,045	39,520	39,525	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,000	36,000	41,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,085	39,525	39,560	96.9	96.8	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,000	28,600	32,000	36,000	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,820	35,810	34,015	85.6	87.7	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,800	26,400	32,400	38,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,055	30,150	26,905	69.9	73.8	66.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	29,400	34,800	40,800	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,315	29,330	32,985	76.4	71.8	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,300	10,300	9,000	7,300	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,855	5,925	4,930	13.3	14.5	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,360	4,280	4,440	4,360	4,280	4,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,580	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,080	39,560	39,515	96.9	96.9	97.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,840	36,960	42,400	47,840	36,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,110	39,570	39,550	97.0	96.9	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,680	39,240	32,120	35,680	39,240	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,680	35,720	33,960	85.4	87.5	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,120	45,560	32,360	39,120	45,560	32,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,995	30,065	26,935	69.9	73.6	66.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,280	45,680	34,240	40,280	45,680	34,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,120	29,275	32,845	76.1	71.7	80.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,070	9,030	10,990	10,070	9,030	10,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,720	5,895	4,820	13.1	14.4	11.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,950	5,270	6,780	5,950	5,270	6,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,580	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,270	15,450	11,820	33.4	37.8	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	52,800	43,600	48,000	52,800	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,250	60,400	48,520	55,250	60,400	48,520
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,490	10,795	11,690	27.6	26.4	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	29,200	19,800	23,000	29,200	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	34,360	25,200	29,600	34,360	25,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.4	86.0	75.2	81.4	86.0	75.2
Employment income (%)	68.4	72.6	63.2	68.4	72.6	63.2
Government transfers (%)	18.6	14.0	24.7	18.6	14.0	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,900	...	...	66,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,120	...	...	41,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,320	...	...	35,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,100	...	...	85,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	740	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,200	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,435	...	...	7.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,945	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,920	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,580	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,540	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,355	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,165	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,820	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,500	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,260	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,800	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,025	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,820	...	...	6.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,610	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	765	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,265	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,650	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,420	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,460	...	...	5.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,190	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,920	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,570	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,540	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,880	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,465	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,325	...	...	18.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,150	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,145	...	...	4.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,035	...	...	4.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,820	10,290	9,530	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,200	30,400	33,600	37,200	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	33,200	28,400	30,600	33,200	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...	133,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,900	...	...	110,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,650	...	...	59,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,880	10,295	9,585	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,240	43,200	37,080	40,240	43,200	37,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,360	35,960	32,600	34,360	35,960	32,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,240	10,420	9,825	20.5	21.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,320	3,225	3,095	6.4	6.5	6.3
18 to 64 years	58,040	29,465	28,580	58.9	59.5	58.3
65 years and over	20,280	9,660	10,625	20.6	19.5	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,355	6,155	7,195	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,085	1,050	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	685	355	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,160	3,075	3,090	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,110	2,035	3,075	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.4	14.7	13.5	12.4	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.1	10.5	10.3	10.1	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	10.4	10.8	10.6	10.4	10.8
65 years and over (%)	25.2	21.0	29.0	25.2	21.0	29.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,245	10,420	9,820	20.5	21.0	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,320	3,230	3,095	6.4	6.5	6.3
18 to 64 years	58,045	29,460	28,580	58.9	59.5	58.3
65 years and over	20,280	9,655	10,620	20.6	19.5	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,915	2,090	1,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	495	250	245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	75	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,095	1,700	1,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	140	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.8	4.9	5.3	5.8	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	62,810	31,080	31,730	63.7	62.7	64.7
In bottom decile	11,050	5,220	5,835	11.2	10.5	11.9
In second decile	13,150	6,340	6,815	13.3	12.8	13.9
In third decile	13,490	6,755	6,735	13.7	13.6	13.7
In fourth decile	12,995	6,565	6,435	13.2	13.3	13.1
In fifth decile	12,120	6,200	5,920	12.3	12.5	12.1
In top half of the distribution	35,760	18,460	17,295	36.3	37.3	35.3
In sixth decile	10,825	5,600	5,225	11.0	11.3	10.7
In seventh decile	8,970	4,635	4,330	9.1	9.4	8.8
In eighth decile	7,425	3,810	3,610	7.5	7.7	7.4
In ninth decile	5,180	2,680	2,500	5.3	5.4	5.1
In top decile	3,360	1,730	1,630	3.4	3.5	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	98,565	...	...	98,565	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	100,315	50,145	50,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	300	195	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
French only	69,600	33,195	36,410	69.4	66.2	72.6
English and French	30,045	16,520	13,525	30.0	32.9	27.0
Neither English nor French	375	235	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	100,315	50,145	50,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,335	700	630	1.3	1.4	1.3
French	98,000	48,855	49,145	97.7	97.4	97.9
English and French	630	365	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
Neither English nor French	355	220	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	100,315	50,145	50,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,120	49,495	49,630	98.8	98.7	98.9
Official languages	95,980	47,790	48,190	95.7	95.3	96.0
English	1,075	535	535	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	94,910	47,255	47,655	94.6	94.2	95.0
Non-official languages	3,140	1,705	1,435	3.1	3.4	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,135	1,705	1,430	3.1	3.4	2.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	725	420	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	710	415	300	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	710	415	300	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,630	885	745	1.6	1.8	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,330	725	605	1.3	1.4	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,170	645	530	1.2	1.3	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,200	645	550	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	710	385	330	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	345	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	100,315	50,145	50,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	535	280	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	93,360	46,420	46,935	93.1	92.6	93.5
Non-official language	1,025	565	460	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,025	565	460	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	2,870	1,555	1,315	2.9	3.1	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,835	930	910	1.8	1.9	1.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	495	270	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	100,315	50,145	50,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	99,140	49,530	49,605	98.8	98.8	98.9
Official languages	97,300	48,535	48,765	97.0	96.8	97.2
English	845	435	405	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	96,455	48,100	48,355	96.2	95.9	96.4
Non-official languages	1,835	995	840	1.8	2.0	1.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,835	995	840	1.8	2.0	1.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	235	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	420	230	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	420	230	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	45	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,000	555	450	1.0	1.1	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	885	495	390	0.9	1.0	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	820	460	365	0.8	0.9	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,180	610	570	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and French	565	290	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	510	260	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	100,320	50,145	50,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	95,950	47,790	48,160	95.6	95.3	96.0
English	2,225	1,245	980	2.2	2.5	2.0
French	830	420	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	870	450	420	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	870	450	420	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	98,190	49,335	48,855	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	30,015	16,560	13,450	30.5	33.4	27.4
French	97,940	49,195	48,750	99.4	99.3	99.4
Non-official languages	6,015	3,055	2,960	6.1	6.2	6.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,010	3,055	2,955	6.1	6.2	6.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,170	690	475	1.2	1.4	1.0
Berber languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,155	680	475	1.2	1.4	1.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,140	665	470	1.2	1.3	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	295	165	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,780	1,820	1,955	3.8	3.7	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,310	1,595	1,720	3.4	3.2	3.5
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,095	1,485	1,610	3.1	3.0	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,635	790	845	1.7	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,490	720	770	1.5	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,000	470	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis	475	250	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	96,935	48,750	48,185	98.3	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	280	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	98,285	49,395	48,895	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,805	...	...	58.7	...	...
Renter	18,885	...	...	41.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,095	...	...	6.8	...	...
Not condominium	42,600	...	...	93.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	6,195	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,840	...	...	28.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,385	...	...	35.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,930	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,110	...	...	30.9	...	...
5 rooms	9,525	...	...	20.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,225	...	...	11.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,490	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,345	...	...	24.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,440	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,900	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	800	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,550	...	...	18.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,365	...	...	27.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,800	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,215	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,195	...	...	7.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,155	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,945	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,470	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,715	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,980	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,135	...	...	57.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,845	...	...	41.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	715	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,735	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,180	...	...	13.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,920	...	...	17.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,170	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,040	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,450	...	...	18.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,145	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,055	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,390	...	...	86.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,925	...	...	13.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,570	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,250	...	...	18.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,510	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	720	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,565	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,450	...	...	82.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,610	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not in core need	43,350	...	...	96.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.7	...	...	62.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	966	...	...	966	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	264,000	...	...	264,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.8	...	...	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.9	...	...	20.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	670	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	703	...	...	703	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	98,570	49,545	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,830	870	960	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,825	870	955	1.9	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,640	780	860	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis single ancestry	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,155	1,100	1,060	2.2	2.2	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,150	1,095	1,055	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,060	1,055	1,005	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	94,575	47,575	47,000	95.9	96.0	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	98,570	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,040	48,080	47,960	97.4	97.1	97.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,760	10,135	9,625	20.0	20.5	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,280	37,945	38,335	77.4	76.6	78.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,525	1,460	1,065	2.6	2.9	2.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	98,570	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,735	46,820	46,915	95.1	94.5	95.7
Immigrants⁸¹	3,700	1,975	1,725	3.8	4.0	3.5
Before 1980	350	210	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	405	195	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,025	545	480	1.0	1.1	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,705	905	800	1.7	1.8	1.6
2011 to 2015	720	375	345	0.7	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	980	530	450	1.0	1.1	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,130	745	385	1.1	1.5	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,700	1,975	1,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	425	235	190	11.5	11.9	11.0
5 to 14 years	805	445	360	21.8	22.5	20.9
15 to 24 years	630	320	315	17.0	16.2	18.3
25 to 44 years	1,595	850	750	43.1	43.0	43.5
45 years and over	240	130	110	6.5	6.6	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,700	1,975	1,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,025	530	500	27.7	26.8	29.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	530	250	280	14.3	12.7	16.2
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	45	25	1.9	2.3	1.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	80	45	40	2.2	2.3	2.3
Peru	25	15	0	0.7	0.8	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	40	50	2.3	2.0	2.9
Other places of birth in Americas	205	120	90	5.5	6.1	5.2
Europe	865	475	395	23.4	24.1	22.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	40	50	2.4	2.0	2.9
Croatia	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.2
France	435	230	200	11.8	11.6	11.6
Germany	30	25	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Greece	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.6
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	160	100	60	4.3	5.1	3.5
Africa	1,250	710	535	33.8	35.9	31.0
Algeria	85	50	35	2.3	2.5	2.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	65	45	3.0	3.3	2.6
Egypt	30	20	10	0.8	1.0	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	180	105	75	4.9	5.3	4.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	835	465	370	22.6	23.5	21.4
Asia	555	260	295	15.0	13.2	17.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Iraq	95	45	50	2.6	2.3	2.9
Lebanon	50	25	30	1.4	1.3	1.7
Syria⁸⁹	140	85	50	3.8	4.3	2.9
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	90	45	45	2.4	2.3	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	50	15	30	1.4	0.8	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	45	50	2.6	2.3	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	980	530	455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	60	65	13.3	11.3	14.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	30	25	5.1	5.7	5.5
Haiti	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	3.1	2.8	3.3
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.6	1.9	3.3
Europe	120	70	50	12.2	13.2	11.0
France	95	55	45	9.7	10.4	9.9
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	1.5	2.8	0.0
Africa	525	280	240	53.6	52.8	52.7
Algeria	25	0	15	2.6	0.0	3.3
Burundi	55	30	25	5.6	5.7	5.5
Cameroon	65	20	40	6.6	3.8	8.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	2.6	3.8	2.2
Côte d'Ivoire	50	40	15	5.1	7.5	3.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	15	20	4.1	2.8	4.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	25	20	4.6	4.7	4.4
Other places of birth in Africa	220	115	105	22.4	21.7	23.1
Asia	205	110	90	20.9	20.8	19.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	2.0	1.9	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	20	3.6	1.9	4.4
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	80	45	13.3	15.1	9.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,130	2,900	2,225	5.2	5.9	4.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,265	1,570	1,695	3.3	3.2	3.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	90,170	45,065	45,100	91.5	91.0	92.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,350	1,765	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,170	655	515	34.9	37.1	32.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	585	430	160	17.5	24.4	10.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	580	220	355	17.3	12.5	22.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	760	350	415	22.7	19.8	26.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,400	755	645	41.8	42.8	40.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10	0.6	0.8	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,350	1,765	1,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	120	80	40	3.6	4.5	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	230	130	105	6.9	7.4	6.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	20	1.3	1.4	1.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	115	90	30	3.4	5.1	1.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,820	1,445	1,380	84.2	81.9	87.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,470	2,465	2,010	4.5	5.0	4.1
South Asian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	1,640	905	740	1.7	1.8	1.5
Filipino	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	1,010	590	420	1.0	1.2	0.9
Latin American	1,205	640	560	1.2	1.3	1.1
Southeast Asian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	94,095	47,080	47,015	95.5	95.0	95.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	43,065	21,515	21,545	43.7	43.4	43.9
English	1,035	520	505	1.1	1.0	1.0
Irish	3,200	1,610	1,590	3.2	3.2	3.2
Scottish	860	375	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	19,890	10,190	9,695	20.2	20.6	19.8
German	1,085	510	575	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese	170	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	740	410	330	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	14,840	7,225	7,610	15.1	14.6	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	9,375	4,615	4,760	9.5	9.3	9.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,090	1,080	1,010	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,745	810	935	1.8	1.6	1.9
Métis	255	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	825	400	420	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	585	300	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	310	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Acadian	840	385	450	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	435	235	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,435	770	665	1.5	1.6	1.4
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	240	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	660	325	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Moroccan	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Czech	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	215	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	65	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	580	300	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	98,565	49,540	49,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	71,435	34,990	36,450	72.5	70.6	74.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,595	2,835	2,765	5.7	5.7	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	64,035	31,190	32,845	65.0	63.0	67.0
Christian Orthodox	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	250	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	180	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	545	315	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,340	720	620	1.4	1.5	1.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	25,495	13,715	11,785	25.9	27.7	24.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	97,635	49,050	48,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,610	42,950	42,660	87.7	87.6	87.8
Movers	12,030	6,100	5,925	12.3	12.4	12.2
Non-migrants	7,615	3,855	3,765	7.8	7.9	7.7
Migrants	4,405	2,245	2,165	4.5	4.6	4.5
Internal migrants	4,030	1,990	2,045	4.1	4.1	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,940	1,940	2,000	4.0	4.0	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	380	250	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,340	46,790	46,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,510	28,395	28,110	60.5	60.7	60.4
Movers	36,830	18,390	18,440	39.5	39.3	39.6
Non-migrants	17,305	8,550	8,750	18.5	18.3	18.8
Migrants	19,530	9,840	9,690	20.9	21.0	20.8
Internal migrants	17,755	8,795	8,960	19.0	18.8	19.2
Intraprovincial migrants	17,435	8,655	8,785	18.7	18.5	18.9
Interprovincial migrants	320	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,765	1,040	730	1.9	2.2	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,580	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,925	11,775	9,150	25.6	28.8	22.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,655	29,045	31,605	74.4	71.1	77.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,745	25,780	24,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,845	6,115	3,730	19.4	23.7	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,905	19,665	21,235	80.6	76.3	85.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,580	40,825	40,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,380	9,925	8,460	22.5	24.3	20.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,935	9,160	9,775	23.2	22.4	24.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,265	21,740	22,525	54.3	53.3	55.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,820	17,290	16,525	41.5	42.4	40.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,865	10,650	6,215	20.7	26.1	15.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,585	7,155	5,425	15.4	17.5	13.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,285	3,495	790	5.3	8.6	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,515	5,695	8,820	17.8	13.9	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,435	950	1,490	3.0	2.3	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,445	4,445	6,000	12.8	10.9	14.7
Bachelor's degree	7,405	3,125	4,280	9.1	7.7	10.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795	305	490	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	125	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,745	795	945	2.1	1.9	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,750	25,785	24,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,010	4,800	3,210	15.8	18.6	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,605	4,975	4,635	18.9	19.3	18.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,125	16,010	17,120	65.3	62.1	68.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,715	12,630	12,085	48.7	49.0	48.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,845	7,885	4,960	25.3	30.6	19.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,800	5,415	4,385	19.3	21.0	17.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,050	2,470	575	6.0	9.6	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,325	4,115	6,205	20.3	16.0	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,545	635	915	3.0	2.5	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,415	3,380	5,030	16.6	13.1	20.2
Bachelor's degree	5,910	2,420	3,490	11.6	9.4	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	655	215	440	1.3	0.8	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	80	185	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,465	600	865	2.9	2.3	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,580	40,825	40,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,315	19,085	18,225	45.7	46.7	44.7
Education	3,815	800	3,020	4.7	2.0	7.4
13. Education	3,815	800	3,020	4.7	2.0	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,185	470	710	1.5	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	135	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,015	335	680	1.2	0.8	1.7
Humanities	2,020	775	1,245	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	65	190	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,155	430	725	1.4	1.1	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,005	725	2,280	3.7	1.8	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	100	190	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,065	100	970	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	420	110	305	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	630	125	505	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	455	235	220	0.6	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	9,635	3,085	6,550	11.8	7.6	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	95	365	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,160	2,980	6,180	11.2	7.3	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	900	460	440	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	80	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	230	100	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	230	150	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,010	695	320	1.2	1.7	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	885	635	245	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,815	10,960	860	14.5	26.8	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	170	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,150	975	170	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,185	1,880	305	2.7	4.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,960	2,885	80	3.6	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,690	2,620	70	3.3	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	2,670	2,495	175	3.3	6.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,475	870	605	1.8	2.1	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	695	575	1.6	1.7	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	170	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	5,265	860	4,405	6.5	2.1	10.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,870	705	4,165	6.0	1.7	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,110	2,035	2,075	5.0	5.0	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,270	495	1,775	2.8	1.2	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	670	525	145	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,155	995	160	1.4	2.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,745	25,785	24,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,615	9,775	7,840	34.7	37.9	31.4
Education	2,615	520	2,095	5.2	2.0	8.4
13. Education	2,615	520	2,095	5.2	2.0	8.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	335	540	1.7	1.3	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	760	245	515	1.5	1.0	2.1
Humanities	1,190	460	725	2.3	1.8	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	50	170	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	625	260	365	1.2	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	50	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,375	495	1,880	4.7	1.9	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	70	155	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	55	830	1.7	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	350	85	265	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	505	85	420	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	330	165	165	0.7	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,365	2,220	5,140	14.5	8.6	20.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	75	280	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,990	2,135	4,855	13.8	8.3	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	280	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	180	55	125	0.4	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	185	125	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	880	635	250	1.7	2.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	595	190	1.6	2.3	0.8
25. Library science	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,935	8,155	780	17.6	31.6	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,015	860	155	2.0	3.3	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,770	1,485	285	3.5	5.8	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,145	2,080	65	4.2	8.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,920	1,860	60	3.8	7.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,935	1,785	150	3.8	6.9	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,255	720	540	2.5	2.8	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,105	590	515	2.2	2.3	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	120	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	3,915	635	3,280	7.7	2.5	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,595	500	3,095	7.1	1.9	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,175	1,555	1,620	6.3	6.0	6.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,790	365	1,425	3.5	1.4	5.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	395	85	0.9	1.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	885	775	110	1.7	3.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,745	25,785	24,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,615	9,775	7,840	34.7	37.9	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,130	16,015	17,115	65.3	62.1	68.6
Location of study inside Canada	31,805	15,240	16,565	62.7	59.1	66.4
Same as province or territory of residence	31,475	15,055	16,420	62.0	58.4	65.8
Different than province or territory of residence	330	185	145	0.7	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,325	770	550	2.6	3.0	2.2
Americas	350	205	145	0.7	0.8	0.6
United States of America	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	415	260	155	0.8	1.0	0.6
Belgium	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	290	175	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	415	230	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	90	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	130	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,580	40,825	40,755	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,840	27,400	24,440	...	...	...
Employed	49,100	25,970	23,135	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,740	1,430	1,305	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,735	13,425	16,315	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	67.1	60.0	63.5	67.1	60.0
Employment rate	60.2	63.6	56.8	60.2	63.6	56.8
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,575	40,825	40,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,095	13,090	16,005	35.7	32.1	39.3
Worked	52,480	27,730	24,750	64.3	67.9	60.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,005	15,890	12,115	34.3	38.9	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,480	11,840	12,640	30.0	29.0	31.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	43.0	41.2	42.1	43.0	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,840	27,400	24,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	370	455	1.6	1.4	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,015	27,035	23,980	98.4	98.7	98.1
Employee	45,560	23,790	21,765	87.9	86.8	89.1
Permanent position	39,520	20,925	18,595	76.2	76.4	76.1
Temporary position	6,035	2,865	3,175	11.6	10.5	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,965	885	1,080	3.8	3.2	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,075	1,985	2,095	7.9	7.2	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,455	3,240	2,215	10.5	11.8	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,840	27,400	24,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	370	455	1.6	1.4	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,015	27,035	23,980	98.4	98.7	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	870	640	225	1.7	2.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,745	2,305	5,445	14.9	8.4	22.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,860	2,210	650	5.5	8.1	2.7
3 Health occupations	3,785	625	3,160	7.3	2.3	12.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,565	1,415	4,150	10.7	5.2	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,100	575	525	2.1	2.1	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,235	5,200	7,035	23.6	19.0	28.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,765	9,770	995	20.8	35.7	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,300	950	355	2.5	3.5	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,785	3,345	1,445	9.2	12.2	5.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,840	27,400	24,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	370	455	1.6	1.4	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	51,015	27,035	23,980	98.4	98.7	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,360	940	420	2.6	3.4	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155	130	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	240	195	45	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	3,990	3,465	520	7.7	12.6	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	10,520	7,430	3,085	20.3	27.1	12.6
41 Wholesale trade	2,245	1,510	735	4.3	5.5	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,210	2,895	3,315	12.0	10.6	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,725	2,100	625	5.3	7.7	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	375	220	155	0.7	0.8	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,210	405	805	2.3	1.5	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	345	205	1.1	1.3	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,525	1,230	1,295	4.9	4.5	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,475	880	600	2.8	3.2	2.5
61 Educational services	3,370	870	2,500	6.5	3.2	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,555	1,065	5,490	12.6	3.9	22.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	560	295	260	1.1	1.1	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,995	1,070	1,930	5.8	3.9	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,450	1,235	1,210	4.7	4.5	5.0
91 Public administration	1,485	735	755	2.9	2.7	3.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,355	29,155	26,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	370	250	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
French	49,005	25,340	23,670	88.5	86.9	90.3
Non-official language	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	5,530	3,325	2,205	10.0	11.4	8.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	140	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,355	29,155	26,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,680	28,795	25,890	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	54,530	28,680	25,850	98.5	98.4	98.7
English	970	570	400	1.8	2.0	1.5
French	53,560	28,110	25,455	96.8	96.4	97.2
Non-official languages	150	115	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	115	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	130	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	105	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	675	360	310	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	595	335	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,355	29,155	26,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,140	26,035	24,105	90.6	89.3	92.0
English	4,395	2,690	1,705	7.9	9.2	6.5
French	585	320	275	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official language	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,100	25,975	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,850	2,720	3,135	11.9	10.5	13.6
Worked outside Canada	120	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,710	3,600	1,110	9.6	13.9	4.8
Usual place of work	38,420	19,565	18,855	78.2	75.3	81.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,420	19,565	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,755	12,595	13,155	67.0	64.4	69.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,010	4,315	3,700	20.8	22.1	19.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,635	2,645	1,995	12.1	13.5	10.6
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,135	23,165	19,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,900	21,470	18,430	92.5	92.7	92.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,805	20,355	17,450	87.6	87.9	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,095	1,115	980	4.9	4.8	4.9
Public transit	505	185	320	1.2	0.8	1.6
Walked	1,750	880	875	4.1	3.8	4.4
Bicycle	385	300	85	0.9	1.3	0.4
Other method	590	335	255	1.4	1.4	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,135	23,165	19,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,105	10,595	10,505	48.9	45.7	52.6
15 to 29 minutes	15,230	8,275	6,955	35.3	35.7	34.8
30 to 44 minutes	3,545	1,970	1,575	8.2	8.5	7.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,640	1,060	585	3.8	4.6	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,610	1,270	345	3.7	5.5	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,135	23,165	19,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,445	1,920	520	5.7	8.3	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,105	5,635	2,465	18.8	24.3	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,750	6,930	6,820	31.9	29.9	34.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,205	3,030	5,180	19.0	13.1	25.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,160	1,235	1,930	7.3	5.3	9.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,470	4,410	3,055	17.3	19.0	15.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,620	10,600	10,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,825	930	895	8.9	8.8	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,795	9,670	9,125	91.1	91.2	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,065	7,765	7,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,385	705	675	9.2	9.1	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	995	490	510	6.6	6.3	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	215	170	2.6	2.8	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,680	7,060	6,620	90.8	90.9	90.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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