Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Drummondville, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	79,258	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	75,423	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	37,931	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,727	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	320.7	...	...	320.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	247.11	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	79,260	39,215	40,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,400	6,370	6,030	15.6	16.2	15.1
0 to 4 years	3,835	1,960	1,875	4.8	5.0	4.7
5 to 9 years	4,135	2,115	2,020	5.2	5.4	5.0
10 to 14 years	4,425	2,295	2,135	5.6	5.9	5.3
15 to 64 years	48,065	24,455	23,615	60.6	62.4	59.0
15 to 19 years	4,165	2,130	2,035	5.3	5.4	5.1
20 to 24 years	4,235	2,235	2,000	5.3	5.7	5.0
25 to 29 years	4,415	2,305	2,110	5.6	5.9	5.3
30 to 34 years	4,545	2,405	2,140	5.7	6.1	5.3
35 to 39 years	4,590	2,405	2,190	5.8	6.1	5.5
40 to 44 years	5,505	2,755	2,750	6.9	7.0	6.9
45 to 49 years	4,525	2,300	2,225	5.7	5.9	5.6
50 to 54 years	4,435	2,255	2,175	5.6	5.8	5.4
55 to 59 years	5,635	2,775	2,860	7.1	7.1	7.1
60 to 64 years	6,010	2,885	3,125	7.6	7.4	7.8
65 years and over	18,795	8,395	10,400	23.7	21.4	26.0
65 to 69 years	5,680	2,760	2,915	7.2	7.0	7.3
70 to 74 years	5,105	2,350	2,755	6.4	6.0	6.9
75 to 79 years	3,550	1,585	1,965	4.5	4.0	4.9
80 to 84 years	2,300	1,010	1,290	2.9	2.6	3.2
85 years and over	2,165	685	1,475	2.7	1.7	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,320	480	835	1.7	1.2	2.1
90 to 94 years	675	170	505	0.9	0.4	1.3
95 to 99 years	145	30	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.2	15.1	15.6	16.2	15.1
15 to 64 years	60.6	62.4	59.0	60.6	62.4	59.0
65 years and over	23.7	21.4	26.0	23.7	21.4	26.0
85 years and over	2.7	1.7	3.7	2.7	1.7	3.7
Average age of the population	44.1	42.8	45.5	44.1	42.8	45.5
Median age of the population	44.8	43.2	46.8	44.8	43.2	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,950	...	...	46.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,080	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	800	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,215	...	...	8.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,850	...	...	35.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	485	...	...	1.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,345	...	...	39.1	...	...
2 persons	12,995	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	4,065	...	...	11.1	...	...
4 persons	3,515	...	...	9.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	76,435	38,055	38,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	66,860	32,845	34,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	36,340	18,085	18,255	54.4	55.1	53.7
Married	18,795	9,350	9,440	28.1	28.5	27.8
Living common-law	17,545	8,735	8,810	26.2	26.6	25.9
Living common law - Never married	13,935	6,910	7,030	20.8	21.0	20.7
Living common law - Separated	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,020	1,550	1,470	4.5	4.7	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	405	180	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	30,520	14,760	15,760	45.6	44.9	46.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,615	11,305	9,315	30.8	34.4	27.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	795	340	450	1.2	1.0	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,465	2,190	3,275	8.2	6.7	9.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,650	925	2,725	5.5	2.8	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,465	...	...	58.7	...	...
3 persons	3,845	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	3,360	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,570	...	...	7.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,655	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	8,885	...	...	41.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,895	...	...	13.6	...	...
Without children	5,990	...	...	28.2	...	...
Common-law couples	8,765	...	...	41.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,370	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	4,395	...	...	20.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,585	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,570	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,010	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	76,435	38,055	38,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	58,315	28,935	29,385	76.3	76.0	76.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,305	17,610	17,700	46.2	46.3	46.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,585	1,015	2,575	4.7	2.7	6.7
Children⁶	19,425	10,315	9,115	25.4	27.1	23.7
In a two-parent family	13,845	7,260	6,580	18.1	19.1	17.1
In a one-parent family	5,585	3,055	2,535	7.3	8.0	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,120	9,125	8,995	23.7	24.0	23.4
Living alone	14,350	6,915	7,430	18.8	18.2	19.4
Living with other relatives⁷	1,140	545	595	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,630	1,655	970	3.4	4.3	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,160	...	...	54.9	...	...
Couple-family households	17,005	...	...	46.3	...	...
With children⁶	6,985	...	...	19.0	...	...
Without children	10,015	...	...	27.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,155	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	580	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,305	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	14,350	...	...	39.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	64,045	31,685	32,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,810	31,055	31,755	98.1	98.0	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,825	31,065	31,760	98.1	98.0	98.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	31,000	34,000	37,600	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,135	27,950	27,185	86.1	88.2	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	37,200	24,800	30,800	37,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,540	23,000	20,535	68.0	72.6	63.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,600	28,800	34,400	39,600	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,040	25,695	28,340	84.4	81.1	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,200	13,300	12,000	10,200	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,650	4,550	4,105	13.5	14.4	12.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,000	5,320	5,120	5,000	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,295	9,570	8,730	28.6	30.2	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	64,030	31,685	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,820	31,145	31,675	98.1	98.3	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,960	39,920	45,400	50,960	39,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,825	31,145	31,685	98.1	98.3	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,240	41,840	34,720	38,240	41,840	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,070	28,010	27,060	86.0	88.4	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,960	32,240	39,200	45,960	32,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,500	22,985	20,510	67.9	72.5	63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	46,240	35,000	40,920	46,240	35,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,030	25,790	28,235	84.4	81.4	87.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,630	13,860	12,800	11,630	13,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,730	4,595	4,130	13.6	14.5	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,205	5,610	6,870	6,205	5,610	6,870
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,280	9,490	8,785	28.5	30.0	27.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,370	6,980	7,780	7,370	6,980	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	64,030	31,685	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,875	11,710	9,170	32.6	37.0	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	55,600	47,200	50,800	55,600	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,400	64,800	52,500	59,400	64,800	52,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,130	8,775	9,355	28.3	27.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,800	15,900	18,400	21,800	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,880	29,880	22,100	25,880	29,880	22,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.8	81.0	69.0	75.8	81.0	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.4	67.0	56.8	62.4	67.0	56.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.2	18.9	31.0	24.2	18.9	31.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.8	6.7	5.6	4.8	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.4	4.7	4.2	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	64,045	31,690	32,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,235	630	605	1.9	2.0	1.9
With total income	62,815	31,060	31,755	98.1	98.0	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,685	1,600	2,085	5.9	5.2	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,540	3,345	5,195	13.6	10.8	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,900	5,220	6,675	18.9	16.8	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,910	4,110	4,800	14.2	13.2	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,875	4,415	4,460	14.1	14.2	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,850	3,685	3,160	10.9	11.9	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,600	2,745	1,855	7.3	8.8	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	1,815	1,085	4.6	5.8	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,180	1,270	910	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,315	765	550	2.1	2.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,065	2,080	980	4.9	6.7	3.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,170	1,415	750	3.5	4.6	2.4
$150,000 and over	895	665	230	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	64,045	31,690	32,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,220	620	600	1.9	2.0	1.9
With after-tax income	62,825	31,065	31,760	98.1	98.0	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,920	1,680	2,245	6.2	5.4	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,965	3,565	5,400	14.3	11.5	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	13,855	6,165	7,690	22.1	19.8	24.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,405	5,595	5,815	18.2	18.0	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,135	5,435	4,700	16.1	17.5	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,195	3,615	2,580	9.9	11.6	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,540	2,055	1,485	5.6	6.6	4.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,980	1,085	895	3.2	3.5	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,005	600	400	1.6	1.9	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	595	390	205	0.9	1.3	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,235	880	355	2.0	2.8	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	635	430	200	1.0	1.4	0.6
$125,000 and over	600	445	150	1.0	1.4	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	64,045	31,690	32,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,505	8,685	11,820	32.0	27.4	36.5
With employment income	43,540	23,005	20,535	68.0	72.6	63.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,010	2,455	2,555	11.5	10.7	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,550	1,505	2,050	8.2	6.5	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,905	2,570	3,330	13.6	11.2	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	5,010	2,330	2,680	11.5	10.1	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,330	2,720	2,610	12.2	11.8	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,285	2,795	2,490	12.1	12.1	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,840	2,380	1,460	8.8	10.3	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,970	1,980	990	6.8	8.6	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,930	1,230	700	4.4	5.3	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,625	935	695	3.7	4.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	890	565	330	2.0	2.5	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,190	1,540	650	5.0	6.7	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,100	745	350	2.5	3.2	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,090	790	300	2.5	3.4	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	64,045	31,685	32,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,045	30,650	31,390	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,600	35,200	40,400	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,070	30,655	31,420	96.9	96.7	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	28,200	31,600	35,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,480	27,625	26,855	85.1	87.2	83.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,400	26,000	31,600	38,400	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,910	23,070	20,840	68.6	72.8	64.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,200	34,400	40,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,315	22,965	26,350	77.0	72.5	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	7,450	10,500	9,100	7,450	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,040	4,315	3,725	12.6	13.6	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	4,240	4,320	4,280	4,240	4,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	64,030	31,685	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,100	30,725	31,370	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	47,880	36,880	42,320	47,880	36,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,125	30,730	31,395	97.0	97.0	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,240	32,040	35,600	39,240	32,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,420	27,605	26,815	85.0	87.1	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	45,760	32,360	39,160	45,760	32,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,930	23,015	20,910	68.6	72.6	64.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,000	34,320	40,440	46,000	34,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,245	22,890	26,360	76.9	72.2	81.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,110	9,080	11,000	10,110	9,080	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,920	4,225	3,700	12.4	13.3	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,835	5,145	6,620	5,835	5,145	6,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	64,030	31,685	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,775	11,645	9,130	32.4	36.8	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	53,200	43,600	48,400	53,200	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,100	61,800	48,840	56,100	61,800	48,840
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,240	8,305	8,930	26.9	26.2	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	28,200	19,600	22,600	28,200	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	33,880	25,400	29,480	33,880	25,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.0	85.8	75.0	81.0	85.8	75.0
Employment income (%)	67.6	72.0	62.0	67.6	72.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	18.9	14.1	25.0	18.9	14.1	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	22,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	77,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...	65,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	41,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,240	...	...	35,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	22,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	645	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,060	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,990	...	...	8.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,665	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,605	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,125	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,110	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,965	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,325	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,880	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,515	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,910	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,240	...	...	25.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,605	...	...	9.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,200	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,145	...	...	5.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,110	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,170	...	...	8.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,075	...	...	5.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,070	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,620	...	...	7.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,425	...	...	6.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,125	...	...	5.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,105	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,670	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,260	...	...	17.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,040	...	...	8.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,635	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,595	...	...	4.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,975	8,575	8,400	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	36,800	30,000	33,200	36,800	30,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	32,800	28,000	30,200	32,800	28,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...	101,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	...	...	75,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...	111,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,900	...	...	66,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,400	...	...	59,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,015	8,510	8,505	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,960	37,040	40,000	42,960	37,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,480	36,360	32,560	34,480	36,360	32,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	76,435	38,050	38,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,860	7,660	7,200	19.4	20.1	18.8
0 to 5 years	4,630	2,370	2,260	6.1	6.2	5.9
18 to 64 years	45,000	22,710	22,290	58.9	59.7	58.1
65 years and over	16,580	7,690	8,890	21.7	20.2	23.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,055	4,970	6,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,665	840	825	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	575	285	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,165	2,550	2,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,225	1,580	2,645	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	13.1	15.9	14.5	13.1	15.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.0	11.4	11.2	11.0	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	12.4	12.1	12.7	12.4	12.1	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.5	11.2	11.7	11.5	11.2	11.7
65 years and over (%)	25.5	20.5	29.7	25.5	20.5	29.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	76,435	38,055	38,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,855	7,655	7,200	19.4	20.1	18.8
0 to 5 years	4,630	2,375	2,260	6.1	6.2	5.9
18 to 64 years	44,995	22,705	22,285	58.9	59.7	58.1
65 years and over	16,580	7,685	8,895	21.7	20.2	23.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,535	1,865	1,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	445	215	225	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	70	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,805	1,530	1,280	...	...	...
65 years and over	285	115	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.4	4.6	4.9	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.1	3.0	2.8	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	2.9	3.4	3.2	2.9	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.7	5.7	6.2	6.7	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	76,435	38,055	38,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	49,385	24,140	25,245	64.6	63.4	65.8
In bottom decile	9,220	4,265	4,955	12.1	11.2	12.9
In second decile	10,545	5,005	5,545	13.8	13.2	14.4
In third decile	10,575	5,255	5,320	13.8	13.8	13.9
In fourth decile	10,025	5,030	4,990	13.1	13.2	13.0
In fifth decile	9,020	4,580	4,440	11.8	12.0	11.6
In top half of the distribution	27,050	13,910	13,135	35.4	36.6	34.2
In sixth decile	7,990	4,125	3,860	10.5	10.8	10.1
In seventh decile	6,655	3,425	3,235	8.7	9.0	8.4
In eighth decile	5,640	2,880	2,755	7.4	7.6	7.2
In ninth decile	3,975	2,050	1,920	5.2	5.4	5.0
In top decile	2,800	1,425	1,370	3.7	3.7	3.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	76,435	...	...	76,435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.458	...	...	0.458	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265	...	...	0.265	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	78,070	38,580	39,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	265	175	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
French only	53,015	24,705	28,310	67.9	64.0	71.7
English and French	24,455	13,500	10,960	31.3	35.0	27.8
Neither English nor French	335	195	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	78,070	38,580	39,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,125	600	525	1.4	1.6	1.3
French	76,060	37,460	38,600	97.4	97.1	97.7
English and French	575	330	240	0.7	0.9	0.6
Neither English nor French	315	185	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	78,070	38,580	39,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	77,040	38,030	39,010	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	74,150	36,480	37,670	95.0	94.6	95.4
English	890	445	440	1.1	1.2	1.1
French	73,260	36,030	37,230	93.8	93.4	94.3
Non-official languages	2,890	1,550	1,340	3.7	4.0	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,885	1,550	1,335	3.7	4.0	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	700	405	295	0.9	1.0	0.7
Berber languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	685	395	285	0.9	1.0	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	685	395	285	0.9	1.0	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,465	780	685	1.9	2.0	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,235	665	575	1.6	1.7	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,100	590	505	1.4	1.5	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,030	550	485	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	585	305	280	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	320	175	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	78,070	38,580	39,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	440	230	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
French	71,960	35,325	36,635	92.2	91.6	92.8
Non-official language	950	510	435	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	950	510	435	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	2,395	1,295	1,100	3.1	3.4	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	135	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,695	855	840	2.2	2.2	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	455	245	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	78,070	38,580	39,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	77,010	38,040	38,965	98.6	98.6	98.7
Official languages	75,285	37,120	38,170	96.4	96.2	96.7
English	700	360	335	0.9	0.9	0.8
French	74,585	36,755	37,830	95.5	95.3	95.8
Non-official languages	1,720	920	800	2.2	2.4	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,720	920	800	2.2	2.4	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	225	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	225	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	405	225	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	45	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	925	495	425	1.2	1.3	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	450	380	1.1	1.2	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	775	420	350	1.0	1.1	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,065	540	525	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	485	245	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	480	245	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	78,070	38,575	39,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,260	36,525	37,735	95.1	94.7	95.6
English	1,860	1,050	810	2.4	2.7	2.1
French	760	385	375	1.0	1.0	0.9
Non-official language	780	410	375	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	780	410	370	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	200	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	76,110	37,900	38,210	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	24,530	13,625	10,900	32.1	35.8	28.4
French	75,875	37,765	38,110	99.3	99.2	99.3
Non-official languages	5,395	2,725	2,670	7.1	7.2	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,385	2,725	2,660	7.0	7.2	6.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,150	680	470	1.5	1.8	1.2
Berber languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,135	660	470	1.5	1.7	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,120	655	465	1.5	1.7	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	270	155	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian Creole	190	105	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,300	1,570	1,730	4.3	4.1	4.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,915	1,395	1,520	3.8	3.7	4.0
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,720	1,290	1,425	3.6	3.4	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	375	195	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,330	660	670	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,215	595	620	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	780	375	415	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	415	220	195	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	75,105	37,405	37,705	98.3	98.3	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	235	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	76,205	37,925	38,275	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	19,675	...	...	53.6	...	...
Renter	17,055	...	...	46.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,840	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not condominium	33,885	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	5,510	...	...	15.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,620	...	...	28.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,940	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,320	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,445	...	...	33.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,875	...	...	21.4	...	...
6 rooms	3,770	...	...	10.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,010	...	...	10.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,630	...	...	23.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,500	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,065	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	660	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,655	...	...	18.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,755	...	...	26.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,620	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,215	...	...	14.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,615	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,570	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,350	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,940	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,165	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,560	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,690	...	...	59.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,445	...	...	39.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	590	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,575	...	...	4.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,765	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,160	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,600	...	...	15.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,265	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,970	...	...	19.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,500	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	890	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,375	...	...	85.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,220	...	...	14.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,935	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,050	...	...	19.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,870	...	...	13.3	...	...
Not suitable only	590	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,205	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	315	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,680	...	...	80.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,450	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not in core need	34,865	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,645	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.1	...	...	62.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	981	...	...	981	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	266,800	...	...	266,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	670	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	705	...	...	705	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,515	710	805	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,505	710	795	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,345	625	715	1.8	1.6	1.9
Métis single ancestry	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,675	890	790	2.2	2.3	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,670	880	785	2.2	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,590	850	745	2.1	2.2	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	73,240	36,465	36,780	95.8	95.8	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	74,100	36,720	37,380	96.9	96.5	97.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,345	7,355	6,985	18.8	19.3	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	59,755	29,365	30,390	78.2	77.2	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,335	1,340	995	3.1	3.5	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	72,025	35,610	36,415	94.2	93.6	94.9
Immigrants⁸¹	3,395	1,795	1,600	4.4	4.7	4.2
Before 1980	260	150	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	355	170	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
2001 to 2010	955	505	450	1.2	1.3	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,640	875	770	2.1	2.3	2.0
2011 to 2015	705	365	340	0.9	1.0	0.9
2016 to 2021	935	510	430	1.2	1.3	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,020	660	360	1.3	1.7	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,395	1,790	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	380	210	175	11.2	11.7	10.9
5 to 14 years	750	410	340	22.1	22.9	21.3
15 to 24 years	580	290	285	17.1	16.2	17.8
25 to 44 years	1,470	780	690	43.3	43.6	43.1
45 years and over	215	105	105	6.3	5.9	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,395	1,790	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	980	490	485	28.9	27.4	30.3
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	530	245	280	15.6	13.7	17.5
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	60	40	20	1.8	2.2	1.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	85	45	35	2.5	2.5	2.2
Peru	20	15	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	75	40	40	2.2	2.2	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	195	110	90	5.7	6.1	5.6
Europe	670	360	310	19.7	20.1	19.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	40	50	2.7	2.2	3.1
Croatia	35	15	20	1.0	0.8	1.3
France	340	185	155	10.0	10.3	9.7
Germany	25	25	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Greece	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	80	45	35	2.4	2.5	2.2
Africa	1,230	700	535	36.2	39.1	33.4
Algeria	85	50	35	2.5	2.8	2.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	65	45	3.1	3.6	2.8
Egypt	20	20	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	175	100	75	5.2	5.6	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	835	465	370	24.6	26.0	23.1
Asia	510	240	275	15.0	13.4	17.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Iraq	95	45	50	2.8	2.5	3.1
Lebanon	50	25	30	1.5	1.4	1.9
Syria⁸⁹	140	85	50	4.1	4.7	3.1
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	50	25	25	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	50	15	30	1.5	0.8	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	40	45	2.5	2.2	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	940	510	430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	60	65	13.8	11.8	15.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	30	25	5.3	5.9	5.8
Haiti	10	10	0	1.1	2.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	15	10	2.7	2.9	2.3
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.7	2.0	3.5
Europe	90	55	35	9.6	10.8	8.1
France	65	35	25	6.9	6.9	5.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	1.6	2.9	0.0
Africa	515	275	240	54.8	53.9	55.8
Algeria	25	0	15	2.7	0.0	3.5
Burundi	55	30	25	5.9	5.9	5.8
Cameroon	65	20	40	6.9	3.9	9.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	2.7	3.9	2.3
Côte d'Ivoire	50	40	15	5.3	7.8	3.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	10	20	3.7	2.0	4.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	25	20	4.8	4.9	4.7
Other places of birth in Africa	220	115	105	23.4	22.5	24.4
Asia	200	110	90	21.3	21.6	20.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	2.1	2.0	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	20	3.7	2.0	4.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	80	45	13.8	15.7	10.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	76,435	38,060	38,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,685	2,615	2,070	6.1	6.9	5.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,820	1,345	1,475	3.7	3.5	3.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	68,930	34,100	34,830	90.2	89.6	90.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,130	1,640	1,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,025	575	445	32.7	35.1	29.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	530	395	135	16.9	24.1	9.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	490	180	310	15.7	11.0	20.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	715	320	395	22.8	19.5	26.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,375	735	640	43.9	44.8	43.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,130	1,640	1,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	70	40	3.5	4.3	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	205	110	90	6.5	6.7	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	20	10	1.1	1.2	0.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	110	75	30	3.5	4.6	2.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,660	1,360	1,305	85.0	82.9	87.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,250	2,305	1,945	5.6	6.1	5.1
South Asian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	140	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	1,585	870	715	2.1	2.3	1.9
Filipino	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	995	580	415	1.3	1.5	1.1
Latin American	1,145	580	560	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	72,185	35,750	36,430	94.4	93.9	94.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,490	16,100	16,390	42.5	42.3	42.7
English	865	450	410	1.1	1.2	1.1
Irish	2,495	1,250	1,250	3.3	3.3	3.3
Scottish	680	300	380	0.9	0.8	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,685	7,975	7,710	20.5	21.0	20.1
German	840	405	430	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	630	350	280	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indian (India)	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Québécois	11,385	5,450	5,935	14.9	14.3	15.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	7,120	3,430	3,685	9.3	9.0	9.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,630	835	790	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,420	675	740	1.9	1.8	1.9
Métis	230	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	570	290	285	0.7	0.8	0.7
Russian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	455	235	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	255	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swedish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	685	320	365	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	435	235	200	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	385	190	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	115	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	995	545	455	1.3	1.4	1.2
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	385	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	235	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian	345	165	180	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	640	320	330	0.8	0.8	0.9
Moroccan	295	165	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Czech	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	125	85	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	95	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Brazilian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	140	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	210	130	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	455	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	76,435	38,060	38,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	54,985	26,525	28,460	71.9	69.7	74.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,315	2,190	2,120	5.6	5.8	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	49,255	23,565	25,695	64.4	61.9	67.0
Christian Orthodox	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	215	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	280	165	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	385	220	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,315	695	615	1.7	1.8	1.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	19,885	10,740	9,145	26.0	28.2	23.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	75,715	37,680	38,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,535	32,535	33,005	86.6	86.3	86.8
Movers	10,175	5,145	5,030	13.4	13.7	13.2
Non-migrants	6,835	3,470	3,360	9.0	9.2	8.8
Migrants	3,345	1,675	1,665	4.4	4.4	4.4
Internal migrants	2,985	1,440	1,550	3.9	3.8	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,910	1,400	1,515	3.8	3.7	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	355	235	120	0.5	0.6	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	72,630	36,060	36,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	42,345	20,970	21,375	58.3	58.2	58.4
Movers	30,290	15,090	15,205	41.7	41.8	41.6
Non-migrants	16,220	8,010	8,215	22.3	22.2	22.5
Migrants	14,070	7,080	6,995	19.4	19.6	19.1
Internal migrants	12,415	6,120	6,295	17.1	17.0	17.2
Intraprovincial migrants	12,120	5,990	6,130	16.7	16.6	16.8
Interprovincial migrants	290	130	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	1,655	960	700	2.3	2.7	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,030	31,685	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,940	8,670	7,265	24.9	27.4	22.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,090	23,015	25,080	75.1	72.6	77.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,000	19,705	19,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,375	4,470	2,910	18.9	22.7	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,625	15,240	16,385	81.1	77.3	84.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,035	31,690	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,080	7,350	6,735	22.0	23.2	20.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,235	7,400	7,840	23.8	23.4	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,715	16,940	17,775	54.2	53.5	55.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,005	13,150	12,855	40.6	41.5	39.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,525	7,720	4,800	19.6	24.4	14.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,410	5,230	4,180	14.7	16.5	12.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,110	2,490	620	4.9	7.9	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,465	4,655	6,815	17.9	14.7	21.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,020	780	1,240	3.2	2.5	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,710	3,790	4,920	13.6	12.0	15.2
Bachelor's degree	6,130	2,625	3,505	9.6	8.3	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	680	270	410	1.1	0.9	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	110	185	0.5	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	1,460	690	765	2.3	2.2	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,000	19,705	19,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,040	3,520	2,520	15.5	17.9	13.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,430	3,920	3,510	19.1	19.9	18.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,535	12,265	13,260	65.5	62.2	68.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,580	9,400	9,185	47.6	47.7	47.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,295	5,560	3,735	23.8	28.2	19.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,125	3,835	3,295	18.3	19.5	17.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,170	1,725	445	5.6	8.8	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,030	3,325	4,700	20.6	16.9	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,255	510	745	3.2	2.6	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,950	2,865	4,080	17.8	14.5	21.1
Bachelor's degree	4,845	2,025	2,825	12.4	10.3	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	550	190	360	1.4	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230	75	160	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	1,205	510	695	3.1	2.6	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,035	31,690	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,315	14,750	14,570	45.8	46.5	45.0
Education	3,085	670	2,415	4.8	2.1	7.5
13. Education	3,085	670	2,415	4.8	2.1	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	915	375	540	1.4	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	115	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	775	260	515	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	1,665	660	1,005	2.6	2.1	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	60	160	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	365	555	1.4	1.2	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	205	80	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,460	605	1,850	3.8	1.9	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	85	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	805	65	740	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	350	95	255	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	535	115	420	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	420	215	200	0.7	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	7,770	2,600	5,175	12.1	8.2	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	370	75	295	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,385	2,510	4,875	11.5	7.9	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	405	375	1.2	1.3	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	205	80	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	195	145	50	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	825	565	260	1.3	1.8	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	515	190	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,810	8,175	635	13.8	25.8	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,005	865	140	1.6	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,760	1,545	215	2.7	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,105	2,050	55	3.3	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,930	1,900	30	3.0	6.0	0.1
48. Precision production	1,860	1,735	125	2.9	5.5	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	835	500	335	1.3	1.6	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	680	365	310	1.1	1.2	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	130	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	4,245	745	3,500	6.6	2.4	10.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,895	600	3,290	6.1	1.9	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,310	1,630	1,680	5.2	5.1	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,885	430	1,455	2.9	1.4	4.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	440	105	0.9	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	750	120	1.3	2.4	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,995	19,705	19,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,465	7,440	6,025	34.5	37.8	31.2
Education	2,095	435	1,660	5.4	2.2	8.6
13. Education	2,095	435	1,660	5.4	2.2	8.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	690	270	420	1.8	1.4	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	85	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	580	180	395	1.5	0.9	2.0
Humanities	970	390	585	2.5	2.0	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	50	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	490	210	275	1.3	1.1	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	45	95	0.4	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,915	415	1,495	4.9	2.1	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	65	130	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	40	615	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	275	70	210	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	430	80	350	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	305	150	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Business, management and public administration	5,820	1,850	3,965	14.9	9.4	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	55	230	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,515	1,780	3,730	14.1	9.0	19.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	465	250	220	1.2	1.3	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	45	115	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	120	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	715	525	195	1.8	2.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	645	495	150	1.7	2.5	0.8
25. Library science	50	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,545	5,970	575	16.8	30.3	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	890	760	125	2.3	3.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,400	1,205	195	3.6	6.1	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,500	1,455	50	3.8	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,310	1,285	25	3.4	6.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,315	1,205	110	3.4	6.1	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	675	380	300	1.7	1.9	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	560	280	280	1.4	1.4	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	95	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	3,125	560	2,565	8.0	2.8	13.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,835	430	2,395	7.3	2.2	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,505	1,230	1,275	6.4	6.2	6.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,445	315	1,135	3.7	1.6	5.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	335	65	1.0	1.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	565	75	1.6	2.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	38,995	19,705	19,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,465	7,440	6,025	34.5	37.8	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,530	12,265	13,265	65.5	62.2	68.7
Location of study inside Canada	24,325	11,565	12,760	62.4	58.7	66.1
Same as province or territory of residence	24,055	11,425	12,635	61.7	58.0	65.5
Different than province or territory of residence	270	145	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,205	700	505	3.1	3.6	2.6
Americas	330	185	145	0.8	0.9	0.8
United States of America	65	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	350	220	125	0.9	1.1	0.6
Belgium	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	240	145	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	400	225	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	95	50	50	0.2	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	130	75	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Asia	120	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	64,030	31,690	32,345	...	...	...
In the labour force	39,755	20,900	18,850	...	...	...
Employed	37,540	19,800	17,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,215	1,105	1,115	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,275	10,785	13,495	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.1	66.0	58.3	62.1	66.0	58.3
Employment rate	58.6	62.5	54.8	58.6	62.5	54.8
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.3	5.9	5.6	5.3	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	64,035	31,690	32,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,920	10,595	13,330	37.4	33.4	41.2
Worked	40,110	21,090	19,015	62.6	66.6	58.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,300	11,970	9,330	33.3	37.8	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,810	9,120	9,690	29.4	28.8	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.8	41.1	42.0	42.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,755	20,900	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	705	305	405	1.8	1.5	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,050	20,600	18,450	98.2	98.6	97.9
Employee	35,240	18,465	16,770	88.6	88.3	88.9
Permanent position	30,525	16,205	14,315	76.8	77.5	75.9
Temporary position	4,715	2,260	2,460	11.9	10.8	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,630	740	885	4.1	3.5	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,090	1,520	1,570	7.8	7.3	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,805	2,130	1,675	9.6	10.2	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,755	20,900	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	705	305	405	1.8	1.5	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,050	20,600	18,450	98.2	98.6	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	650	470	175	1.6	2.2	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,040	1,910	4,135	15.2	9.1	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,255	1,780	480	5.7	8.5	2.5
3 Health occupations	3,015	525	2,490	7.6	2.5	13.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,375	1,165	3,210	11.0	5.6	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	890	480	410	2.2	2.3	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	9,880	4,280	5,600	24.9	20.5	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,625	6,875	745	19.2	32.9	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	455	125	1.5	2.2	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,745	2,665	1,085	9.4	12.8	5.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,755	20,900	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	705	305	405	1.8	1.5	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	39,050	20,600	18,450	98.2	98.6	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	585	440	145	1.5	2.1	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	95	80	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	165	140	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	2,765	2,385	380	7.0	11.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	8,120	5,805	2,320	20.4	27.8	12.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,730	1,160	570	4.4	5.6	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	5,005	2,390	2,615	12.6	11.4	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,930	1,470	460	4.9	7.0	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	325	185	135	0.8	0.9	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	960	345	615	2.4	1.7	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	450	275	175	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,045	1,045	1,000	5.1	5.0	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,130	660	465	2.8	3.2	2.5
61 Educational services	2,660	725	1,930	6.7	3.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	5,245	895	4,350	13.2	4.3	23.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	455	255	200	1.1	1.2	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,390	855	1,530	6.0	4.1	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,795	855	940	4.5	4.1	5.0
91 Public administration	1,185	630	555	3.0	3.0	2.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,425	22,235	20,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	275	180	95	0.6	0.8	0.5
French	37,255	19,135	18,115	87.8	86.1	89.7
Non-official language	80	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	4,530	2,735	1,795	10.7	12.3	8.9
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	55	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,425	22,235	20,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	41,865	21,940	19,925	98.7	98.7	98.7
Official languages	41,755	21,855	19,895	98.4	98.3	98.5
English	745	425	320	1.8	1.9	1.6
French	41,010	21,430	19,575	96.7	96.4	97.0
Non-official languages	115	80	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	80	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	555	295	260	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	505	280	220	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,425	22,235	20,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,135	19,665	18,470	89.9	88.4	91.5
English	3,605	2,225	1,385	8.5	10.0	6.9
French	465	245	220	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official language	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,540	19,800	17,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,285	2,010	2,280	11.4	10.2	12.9
Worked outside Canada	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,370	2,555	815	9.0	12.9	4.6
Usual place of work	29,810	15,185	14,625	79.4	76.7	82.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,810	15,180	14,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,365	11,835	12,535	81.7	78.0	85.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,305	1,505	800	7.7	9.9	5.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,125	1,840	1,285	10.5	12.1	8.8
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,175	17,740	15,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,540	16,345	14,195	92.1	92.1	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,845	15,440	13,405	86.9	87.0	86.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	905	795	5.1	5.1	5.1
Public transit	490	180	310	1.5	1.0	2.0
Walked	1,350	680	670	4.1	3.8	4.3
Bicycle	360	285	75	1.1	1.6	0.5
Other method	435	245	190	1.3	1.4	1.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,175	17,740	15,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,885	8,810	9,075	53.9	49.7	58.8
15 to 29 minutes	10,695	5,975	4,720	32.2	33.7	30.6
30 to 44 minutes	2,250	1,285	965	6.8	7.2	6.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,190	780	410	3.6	4.4	2.7
60 minutes and over	1,145	880	265	3.5	5.0	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,175	17,740	15,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,760	1,375	380	5.3	7.8	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,830	4,100	1,730	17.6	23.1	11.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,335	5,230	5,110	31.2	29.5	33.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,715	2,485	4,230	20.2	14.0	27.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,575	995	1,585	7.8	5.6	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,955	3,550	2,405	18.0	20.0	15.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,150	7,780	7,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,365	695	670	9.0	8.9	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,785	7,085	6,695	91.0	91.1	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,070	5,700	5,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,020	515	505	9.2	9.0	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	755	370	385	6.8	6.5	7.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	270	145	120	2.4	2.5	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,050	5,185	4,860	90.8	91.0	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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