Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	DrummondMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	107,967	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	103,397	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,285	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,416	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	67.5	...	...	67.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,599.10	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	107,965	54,210	53,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,155	9,335	8,820	16.8	17.2	16.4
0 to 4 years	5,560	2,840	2,725	5.1	5.2	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,130	3,145	2,985	5.7	5.8	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,465	3,355	3,110	6.0	6.2	5.8
15 to 64 years	65,880	33,740	32,140	61.0	62.2	59.8
15 to 19 years	5,745	2,985	2,760	5.3	5.5	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,425	2,855	2,580	5.0	5.3	4.8
25 to 29 years	5,925	3,055	2,870	5.5	5.6	5.3
30 to 34 years	6,295	3,300	2,995	5.8	6.1	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,500	3,365	3,135	6.0	6.2	5.8
40 to 44 years	7,660	3,885	3,775	7.1	7.2	7.0
45 to 49 years	6,320	3,260	3,060	5.9	6.0	5.7
50 to 54 years	6,220	3,215	3,005	5.8	5.9	5.6
55 to 59 years	7,745	3,875	3,865	7.2	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,040	3,950	4,085	7.4	7.3	7.6
65 years and over	23,930	11,135	12,795	22.2	20.5	23.8
65 to 69 years	7,580	3,780	3,800	7.0	7.0	7.1
70 to 74 years	6,570	3,155	3,415	6.1	5.8	6.4
75 to 79 years	4,515	2,075	2,440	4.2	3.8	4.5
80 to 84 years	2,765	1,255	1,505	2.6	2.3	2.8
85 years and over	2,500	870	1,635	2.3	1.6	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,575	625	950	1.5	1.2	1.8
90 to 94 years	735	200	540	0.7	0.4	1.0
95 to 99 years	165	40	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.2	16.4	16.8	17.2	16.4
15 to 64 years	61.0	62.2	59.8	61.0	62.2	59.8
65 years and over	22.2	20.5	23.8	22.2	20.5	23.8
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.2	42.2	44.1	43.2	42.2	44.1
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,590	...	...	54.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,435	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	830	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,660	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,730	...	...	28.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	490	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,520	...	...	36.2	...	...
2 persons	17,440	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	5,535	...	...	11.4	...	...
4 persons	5,110	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,815	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	104,875	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	89,810	44,875	44,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,130	25,495	25,630	56.9	56.8	57.0
Married	25,855	12,915	12,940	28.8	28.8	28.8
Living common-law	25,275	12,585	12,685	28.1	28.0	28.2
Living common law - Never married	20,355	10,100	10,255	22.7	22.5	22.8
Living common law - Separated	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,125	2,120	2,000	4.6	4.7	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	550	235	320	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	38,685	19,375	19,310	43.1	43.2	43.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,460	14,790	11,675	29.5	33.0	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	980	450	535	1.1	1.0	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,730	2,890	3,840	7.5	6.4	8.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,510	1,245	3,265	5.0	2.8	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,930	...	...	57.3	...	...
3 persons	5,290	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	4,885	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,435	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,950	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	12,320	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,065	...	...	13.8	...	...
Without children	8,260	...	...	28.0	...	...
Common-law couples	12,630	...	...	42.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,595	...	...	22.3	...	...
Without children	6,040	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,590	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,205	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,385	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	104,880	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	82,385	41,115	41,265	78.6	77.7	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,905	24,895	25,015	47.6	47.1	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,590	1,385	3,200	4.4	2.6	6.2
Children⁶	27,890	14,840	13,050	26.6	28.1	25.1
In a two-parent family	20,685	10,905	9,785	19.7	20.6	18.8
In a one-parent family	7,205	3,940	3,270	6.9	7.5	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,495	11,765	10,730	21.4	22.2	20.6
Living alone	17,515	8,870	8,645	16.7	16.8	16.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,665	835	830	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,310	2,055	1,255	3.2	3.9	2.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,895	...	...	57.6	...	...
Couple-family households	23,900	...	...	49.4	...	...
With children⁶	10,190	...	...	21.0	...	...
Without children	13,710	...	...	28.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,995	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	840	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,630	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	17,515	...	...	36.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,740	43,555	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,090	42,725	42,365	98.1	98.1	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,400	38,400	43,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,115	42,740	42,380	98.1	98.1	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,200	34,400	37,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,220	38,655	36,565	86.7	88.7	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	24,800	31,000	37,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,245	32,060	28,190	69.5	73.6	65.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,600	28,400	34,400	39,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,900	35,240	37,660	84.0	80.9	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,000	13,100	11,800	10,000	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,195	6,540	5,655	14.1	15.0	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,160	5,360	5,240	5,160	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,955	13,190	11,770	28.8	30.3	27.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	7,000	6,000	5,520	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,725	43,540	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,080	42,755	42,325	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	50,200	39,880	45,080	50,200	39,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,095	42,765	42,335	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040	41,240	34,760	38,040	41,240	34,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,135	38,650	36,480	86.6	88.8	84.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,680	45,040	32,000	38,680	45,040	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,230	32,045	28,185	69.4	73.6	65.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	45,200	34,480	40,200	45,200	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,855	35,270	37,590	84.0	81.0	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,720	11,520	13,840	12,720	11,520	13,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,245	6,590	5,655	14.1	15.1	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,330	5,775	6,980	6,330	5,775	6,980
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,860	13,055	11,810	28.7	30.0	27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,310	6,920	7,740	7,310	6,920	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,725	43,540	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,095	16,530	12,565	33.5	38.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,400	46,400	50,400	54,400	46,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,750	62,300	51,700	57,750	62,300	51,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,120	12,170	12,950	29.0	28.0	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,200	16,000	19,000	23,200	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,960	30,280	21,940	25,960	30,280	21,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.8	81.0	69.2	75.8	81.0	69.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.1	67.4	57.6	63.1	67.4	57.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.2	18.9	30.9	24.2	18.9	30.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.9	6.7	5.7	4.9	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.4	4.7	4.2	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,735	43,555	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,645	835	815	1.9	1.9	1.9
With total income	85,090	42,725	42,370	98.1	98.1	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,125	2,230	2,890	6.0	5.2	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,435	4,520	6,915	13.4	10.6	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,745	7,180	8,570	18.5	16.8	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,070	5,640	6,430	14.2	13.2	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,140	6,170	5,965	14.3	14.4	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,445	5,105	4,335	11.1	11.9	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,360	3,810	2,550	7.5	8.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,040	2,565	1,480	4.7	6.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,995	1,760	1,230	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,775	1,060	720	2.1	2.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,965	2,685	1,275	4.7	6.3	3.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,880	1,890	990	3.4	4.4	2.3
$150,000 and over	1,080	800	285	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,735	43,555	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,620	815	805	1.9	1.9	1.9
With after-tax income	85,120	42,740	42,375	98.1	98.1	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,450	2,355	3,090	6.4	5.5	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	12,025	4,840	7,185	14.1	11.3	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	18,360	8,415	9,940	21.6	19.7	23.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,595	7,835	7,760	18.3	18.3	18.3
$40,000 to $49,999	13,820	7,515	6,305	16.2	17.6	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,690	5,060	3,625	10.2	11.8	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,875	2,840	2,030	5.7	6.6	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,645	1,465	1,185	3.1	3.4	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	830	530	1.6	1.9	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	780	495	285	0.9	1.2	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,530	1,085	445	1.8	2.5	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	815	550	265	1.0	1.3	0.6
$125,000 and over	715	535	185	0.8	1.3	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,735	43,555	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,495	11,495	14,995	30.5	26.4	34.7
With employment income	60,245	32,055	28,185	69.5	73.6	65.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,925	3,435	3,490	11.5	10.7	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,915	2,090	2,820	8.2	6.5	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,110	3,495	4,615	13.5	10.9	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,065	3,330	3,740	11.7	10.4	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,405	3,850	3,555	12.3	12.0	12.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,365	3,960	3,405	12.2	12.4	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,450	3,385	2,065	9.0	10.6	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,100	2,730	1,375	6.8	8.5	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	1,780	940	4.5	5.6	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,265	920	3.6	3.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,205	775	430	2.0	2.4	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,800	1,965	835	4.6	6.1	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,465	995	470	2.4	3.1	1.7
$125,000 and over	1,335	970	365	2.2	3.0	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,740	43,555	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,045	42,160	41,880	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	31,000	35,600	40,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,080	42,165	41,910	96.9	96.8	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,600	32,000	35,600	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,215	38,200	36,015	85.6	87.7	83.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,800	26,400	32,000	38,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,705	32,185	28,525	70.0	73.9	66.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,200	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,250	31,315	34,940	76.4	71.9	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,350	10,300	9,000	7,350	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,585	6,350	5,235	13.4	14.6	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,400	4,360	4,400	4,400	4,360	4,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,725	43,540	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,095	42,205	41,890	97.0	96.9	97.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	47,480	36,800	42,160	47,480	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,130	42,210	41,925	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,560	39,040	32,040	35,560	39,040	32,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,065	38,110	35,955	85.4	87.5	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,880	45,160	32,200	38,880	45,160	32,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,635	32,100	28,535	69.9	73.7	66.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960	45,200	34,000	39,960	45,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,105	31,245	34,860	76.2	71.8	80.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,050	11,030	10,100	9,050	11,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,420	6,285	5,135	13.2	14.4	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,995	5,345	6,790	5,995	5,345	6,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,725	43,540	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,955	16,455	12,500	33.4	37.8	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	52,000	43,200	48,000	52,000	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,700	59,650	48,160	54,700	59,650	48,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,970	11,580	12,390	27.6	26.6	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	29,400	19,800	23,200	29,400	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	34,440	25,100	29,600	34,440	25,100
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.8	75.0	81.2	85.8	75.0
Employment income (%)	68.2	72.4	62.9	68.2	72.4	62.9
Government transfers (%)	18.8	14.1	24.9	18.8	14.1	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.3	1.9	1.7	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...	66,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,920	...	...	40,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,800	...	...	84,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	795	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,260	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,620	...	...	7.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,045	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,050	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,740	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,700	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,500	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,305	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,380	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,020	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,665	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,955	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,120	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,195	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,965	...	...	6.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,675	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	820	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,325	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,835	...	...	7.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,550	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,610	...	...	5.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,390	...	...	7.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,085	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,715	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,810	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,130	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,705	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,675	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,780	...	...	18.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,405	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,260	...	...	4.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,120	...	...	4.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,630	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,830	10,925	9,900	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,200	30,400	33,600	37,200	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	33,200	28,200	30,600	33,200	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,150	...	...	59,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,865	10,900	9,965	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040	42,880	36,960	40,040	42,880	36,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,240	35,800	32,520	34,240	35,800	32,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	104,880	52,880	52,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,605	11,140	10,465	20.6	21.1	20.1
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,425	3,305	6.4	6.5	6.4
18 to 64 years	61,735	31,415	30,320	58.9	59.4	58.3
65 years and over	21,540	10,330	11,210	20.5	19.5	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,225	6,605	7,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,225	1,130	1,100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	740	380	360	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,570	3,285	3,290	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,430	2,190	3,235	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.5	14.7	13.6	12.5	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.1	10.5	10.3	10.1	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	11.0	11.0	11.0	11.0	11.0	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	10.5	10.8	10.6	10.5	10.8
65 years and over (%)	25.2	21.2	28.8	25.2	21.2	28.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,880	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,605	11,140	10,465	20.6	21.1	20.1
0 to 5 years	6,740	3,425	3,310	6.4	6.5	6.4
18 to 64 years	61,735	31,410	30,320	58.9	59.4	58.3
65 years and over	21,540	10,330	11,210	20.5	19.5	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,075	2,180	1,895	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	520	260	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	80	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,215	1,770	1,445	...	...	...
65 years and over	340	150	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.6	4.8	5.2	5.6	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	104,880	52,880	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,185	33,385	33,800	64.1	63.1	65.0
In bottom decile	11,795	5,625	6,170	11.2	10.6	11.9
In second decile	14,045	6,800	7,245	13.4	12.9	13.9
In third decile	14,435	7,250	7,180	13.8	13.7	13.8
In fourth decile	13,925	7,045	6,875	13.3	13.3	13.2
In fifth decile	12,985	6,660	6,320	12.4	12.6	12.2
In top half of the distribution	37,695	19,500	18,195	35.9	36.9	35.0
In sixth decile	11,525	5,985	5,545	11.0	11.3	10.7
In seventh decile	9,470	4,890	4,580	9.0	9.2	8.8
In eighth decile	7,785	4,010	3,780	7.4	7.6	7.3
In ninth decile	5,415	2,815	2,600	5.2	5.3	5.0
In top decile	3,495	1,800	1,695	3.3	3.4	3.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	104,880	...	...	104,880	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.443	...	...	0.443	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	106,660	53,495	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	340	215	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
French only	74,185	35,575	38,615	69.6	66.5	72.6
English and French	31,715	17,430	14,280	29.7	32.6	26.9
Neither English nor French	420	275	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	106,660	53,495	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,575	825	750	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	104,025	52,035	51,990	97.5	97.3	97.8
English and French	660	380	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Neither English nor French	400	260	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	106,660	53,495	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,405	52,820	52,585	98.8	98.7	98.9
Official languages	102,130	51,025	51,105	95.8	95.4	96.1
English	1,300	655	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	100,830	50,375	50,460	94.5	94.2	94.9
Non-official languages	3,275	1,795	1,480	3.1	3.4	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,270	1,795	1,480	3.1	3.4	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	735	425	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	720	415	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	720	415	305	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,745	965	775	1.6	1.8	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,395	780	620	1.3	1.5	1.2
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,225	690	540	1.1	1.3	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	675	580	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	765	410	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	350	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	106,660	53,495	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	700	365	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
French	99,215	49,510	49,710	93.0	92.6	93.5
Non-official language	1,090	620	470	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,090	620	470	1.0	1.2	0.9
English and French	3,075	1,660	1,415	2.9	3.1	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	145	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,870	940	925	1.8	1.8	1.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	515	280	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	106,660	53,495	53,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,420	52,860	52,560	98.8	98.8	98.9
Official languages	103,505	51,805	51,705	97.0	96.8	97.3
English	1,055	550	505	1.0	1.0	0.9
French	102,455	51,255	51,195	96.1	95.8	96.3
Non-official languages	1,915	1,055	860	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,915	1,055	860	1.8	2.0	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	235	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	420	230	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	420	230	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	45	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,075	605	465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	930	530	395	0.9	1.0	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	865	495	365	0.8	0.9	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,240	640	600	1.2	1.2	1.1
English and French	610	315	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	515	265	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	106,660	53,495	53,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	102,090	51,045	51,045	95.7	95.4	96.0
English	2,345	1,305	1,040	2.2	2.4	2.0
French	880	450	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	890	460	435	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	885	455	430	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	104,880	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	104,495	52,670	51,820	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	31,735	17,470	14,270	30.3	33.0	27.4
French	104,195	52,510	51,685	99.3	99.3	99.4
Non-official languages	6,255	3,185	3,075	6.0	6.0	5.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,250	3,185	3,065	6.0	6.0	5.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,175	695	475	1.1	1.3	0.9
Berber languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,160	685	475	1.1	1.3	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,140	670	470	1.1	1.3	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	295	165	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,010	1,945	2,065	3.8	3.7	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,485	1,675	1,815	3.3	3.2	3.5
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	3,265	1,560	1,705	3.1	2.9	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	380	205	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	165	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	104,880	52,880	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,810	895	920	1.7	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,665	825	840	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,110	530	580	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis	540	290	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	103,065	51,985	51,080	98.3	98.3	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	104,880	52,880	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	104,580	52,730	51,850	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,000	...	...	59.9	...	...
Renter	19,415	...	...	40.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,150	...	...	6.5	...	...
Not condominium	45,270	...	...	93.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	6,470	...	...	13.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,565	...	...	28.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,300	...	...	35.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,725	...	...	22.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,655	...	...	30.3	...	...
5 rooms	10,045	...	...	20.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,650	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,845	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,225	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,150	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,585	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	830	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,655	...	...	19.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,195	...	...	27.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,055	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,450	...	...	13.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,250	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,240	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,045	...	...	6.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,530	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,210	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,210	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,725	...	...	57.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,920	...	...	41.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	770	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,785	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,485	...	...	13.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,420	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,610	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,645	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,965	...	...	18.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,410	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,100	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,675	...	...	87.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,170	...	...	12.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,800	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,710	...	...	18.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,725	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not suitable only	750	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,745	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	405	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,710	...	...	82.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,705	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not in core need	45,770	...	...	96.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,585	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.6	...	...	62.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	955	...	...	955	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	260,800	...	...	260,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,360	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	670	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	699	...	...	699	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	104,880	52,880	52,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,980	925	1,050	1.9	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,970	925	1,040	1.9	1.7	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,780	830	945	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis single ancestry	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,320	1,190	1,130	2.2	2.3	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,305	1,180	1,125	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,200	1,130	1,065	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,580	50,765	49,820	95.9	96.0	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	104,880	52,880	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,305	51,400	50,900	97.5	97.2	97.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,185	10,905	10,280	20.2	20.6	19.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,125	40,495	40,625	77.4	76.6	78.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,575	1,480	1,095	2.5	2.8	2.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	104,880	52,880	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,865	50,070	49,795	95.2	94.7	95.8
Immigrants⁸¹	3,880	2,070	1,810	3.7	3.9	3.5
Before 1980	405	235	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	270	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
1991 to 2000	425	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,065	580	490	1.0	1.1	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,710	905	810	1.6	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2015	720	375	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
2016 to 2021	995	530	460	0.9	1.0	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,135	745	395	1.1	1.4	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,880	2,070	1,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	450	250	200	11.6	12.1	11.0
5 to 14 years	840	465	375	21.6	22.5	20.7
15 to 24 years	640	330	315	16.5	15.9	17.4
25 to 44 years	1,700	900	800	43.8	43.5	44.2
45 years and over	245	130	120	6.3	6.3	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,880	2,070	1,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,040	535	500	26.8	25.8	27.6
Brazil	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Colombia	545	260	285	14.0	12.6	15.7
El Salvador	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	70	45	25	1.8	2.2	1.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	80	45	40	2.1	2.2	2.2
Peru	25	15	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	40	50	2.2	1.9	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	210	120	90	5.4	5.8	5.0
Europe	995	540	450	25.6	26.1	24.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	40	50	2.3	1.9	2.8
Croatia	35	15	20	0.9	0.7	1.1
France	475	260	220	12.2	12.6	12.2
Germany	40	30	10	1.0	1.4	0.6
Greece	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.6	0.7	0.6
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	230	135	95	5.9	6.5	5.2
Africa	1,270	730	545	32.7	35.3	30.1
Algeria	90	60	35	2.3	2.9	1.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	65	45	2.8	3.1	2.5
Egypt	30	20	10	0.8	1.0	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	180	105	75	4.6	5.1	4.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	850	475	375	21.9	22.9	20.7
Asia	565	260	305	14.6	12.6	16.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Iraq	95	45	50	2.4	2.2	2.8
Lebanon	50	25	30	1.3	1.2	1.7
Syria⁸⁹	140	85	50	3.6	4.1	2.8
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
China⁹⁰	100	50	50	2.6	2.4	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Viet Nam	50	15	40	1.3	0.7	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	45	50	2.4	2.2	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	990	530	460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	135	60	70	13.6	11.3	15.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	50	30	25	5.1	5.7	5.4
Haiti	10	10	0	1.0	1.9	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	3.0	2.8	3.3
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	2.5	1.9	3.3
Europe	120	70	50	12.1	13.2	10.9
France	95	55	45	9.6	10.4	9.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	1.5	2.8	0.0
Africa	530	280	250	53.5	52.8	54.3
Algeria	25	0	15	2.5	0.0	3.3
Burundi	55	30	25	5.6	5.7	5.4
Cameroon	65	20	40	6.6	3.8	8.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	2.5	3.8	2.2
Côte d'Ivoire	50	40	15	5.1	7.5	3.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	15	20	4.0	2.8	4.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	45	25	20	4.5	4.7	4.3
Other places of birth in Africa	220	115	105	22.2	21.7	22.8
Asia	205	110	90	20.7	20.8	19.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	2.0	1.9	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	20	3.5	1.9	4.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	130	80	45	13.1	15.1	9.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	104,880	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,325	3,005	2,325	5.1	5.7	4.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,385	1,635	1,755	3.2	3.1	3.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	96,170	48,250	47,920	91.7	91.2	92.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,470	1,830	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,255	695	560	36.2	38.0	34.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	615	450	165	17.7	24.6	10.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	635	240	395	18.3	13.1	24.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	785	355	430	22.6	19.4	26.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,410	765	645	40.6	41.8	39.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10	0.6	0.8	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,470	1,830	1,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	120	80	40	3.5	4.4	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	230	130	105	6.6	7.1	6.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	45	25	20	1.3	1.4	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	90	35	3.5	4.9	2.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,940	1,510	1,430	84.7	82.5	87.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	104,880	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,535	2,490	2,040	4.3	4.7	3.9
South Asian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	1,655	910	740	1.6	1.7	1.4
Filipino	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	1,010	590	420	1.0	1.1	0.8
Latin American	1,225	650	580	1.2	1.2	1.1
Southeast Asian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,345	50,395	49,955	95.7	95.3	96.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	104,880	52,885	51,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	45,580	22,860	22,710	43.5	43.2	43.7
English	1,145	570	575	1.1	1.1	1.1
Irish	3,475	1,730	1,750	3.3	3.3	3.4
Scottish	985	435	550	0.9	0.8	1.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,165	10,845	10,315	20.2	20.5	19.8
German	1,145	530	615	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	800	445	355	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indian (India)	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	16,195	7,990	8,205	15.4	15.1	15.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Filipino	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	9,785	4,840	4,940	9.3	9.2	9.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,275	1,180	1,095	2.2	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,890	890	1,000	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis	285	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	905	460	445	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	605	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swedish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	930	415	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	435	235	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,510	800	710	1.4	1.5	1.4
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	535	250	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	155	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	670	330	340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	315	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	215	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	65	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	630	335	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	160	75	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	104,880	52,880	52,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	76,365	37,550	38,815	72.8	71.0	74.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,895	2,990	2,905	5.6	5.7	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baptist	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	68,415	33,480	34,940	65.2	63.3	67.2
Christian Orthodox	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	625	350	275	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,340	715	620	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	26,840	14,475	12,365	25.6	27.4	23.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	103,900	52,370	51,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,285	45,965	45,325	87.9	87.8	88.0
Movers	12,610	6,405	6,205	12.1	12.2	12.0
Non-migrants	7,780	3,940	3,840	7.5	7.5	7.5
Migrants	4,830	2,465	2,365	4.6	4.7	4.6
Internal migrants	4,445	2,210	2,235	4.3	4.2	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	4,345	2,150	2,195	4.2	4.1	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	385	260	125	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	99,325	49,980	49,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,780	30,700	30,080	61.2	61.4	61.0
Movers	38,540	19,280	19,260	38.8	38.6	39.0
Non-migrants	17,710	8,760	8,950	17.8	17.5	18.1
Migrants	20,835	10,520	10,315	21.0	21.0	20.9
Internal migrants	19,045	9,475	9,570	19.2	19.0	19.4
Intraprovincial migrants	18,690	9,305	9,380	18.8	18.6	19.0
Interprovincial migrants	350	165	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	1,790	1,045	745	1.8	2.1	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,725	43,540	43,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,610	12,845	9,770	26.1	29.5	22.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,110	30,695	33,410	73.9	70.5	77.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,045	27,540	26,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,705	6,710	3,995	19.8	24.4	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,340	20,835	22,505	80.2	75.7	84.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,725	43,540	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,850	10,810	9,040	22.9	24.8	20.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,030	9,695	10,335	23.1	22.3	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,845	23,035	23,800	54.0	52.9	55.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,025	18,475	17,550	41.5	42.4	40.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,120	11,445	6,675	20.9	26.3	15.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,460	7,650	5,815	15.5	17.6	13.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,660	3,800	860	5.4	8.7	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,350	6,030	9,320	17.7	13.8	21.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,560	995	1,565	3.0	2.3	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,815	4,565	6,250	12.5	10.5	14.5
Bachelor's degree	7,665	3,195	4,475	8.8	7.3	10.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	835	315	520	1.0	0.7	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	130	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,800	825	975	2.1	1.9	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,040	27,540	26,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,715	5,260	3,460	16.1	19.1	13.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,245	5,305	4,940	19.0	19.3	18.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,090	16,975	18,110	64.9	61.6	68.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,380	13,505	12,875	48.8	49.0	48.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,860	8,505	5,360	25.6	30.9	20.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,550	5,820	4,730	19.5	21.1	17.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,315	2,690	625	6.1	9.8	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,885	4,330	6,555	20.1	15.7	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,630	665	960	3.0	2.4	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,705	3,475	5,230	16.1	12.6	19.7
Bachelor's degree	6,120	2,475	3,645	11.3	9.0	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690	230	460	1.3	0.8	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	80	190	0.5	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,500	620	875	2.8	2.3	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,725	43,540	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,880	20,505	19,380	46.0	47.1	44.9
Education	3,970	825	3,145	4.6	1.9	7.3
13. Education	3,970	825	3,145	4.6	1.9	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,280	515	765	1.5	1.2	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	135	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,120	380	740	1.3	0.9	1.7
Humanities	2,105	805	1,300	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	70	200	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,205	450	755	1.4	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	65	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	130	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	240	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,150	740	2,410	3.6	1.7	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	300	100	195	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,130	100	1,025	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	425	110	315	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	660	125	540	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	480	250	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	10,075	3,160	6,920	11.6	7.3	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	100	390	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,575	3,050	6,525	11.0	7.0	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	490	460	1.1	1.1	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	80	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	105	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	240	160	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,040	710	330	1.2	1.6	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	905	650	250	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,535	11,630	905	14.5	26.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,175	1,000	175	1.4	2.3	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,280	1,955	320	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,140	3,060	80	3.6	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,915	2,840	75	3.4	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	2,845	2,665	185	3.3	6.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,755	1,050	705	2.0	2.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,535	855	675	1.8	2.0	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	190	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	5,520	905	4,615	6.4	2.1	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,125	745	4,385	5.9	1.7	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,435	2,200	2,235	5.1	5.1	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,425	535	1,890	2.8	1.2	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	540	155	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,295	1,105	190	1.5	2.5	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,045	27,545	26,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,960	10,565	8,395	35.1	38.4	31.7
Education	2,700	530	2,170	5.0	1.9	8.2
13. Education	2,700	530	2,170	5.0	1.9	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	950	360	585	1.8	1.3	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	830	270	555	1.5	1.0	2.1
Humanities	1,230	475	755	2.3	1.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	55	175	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	640	265	380	1.2	1.0	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,490	505	1,990	4.6	1.8	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	70	155	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	55	885	1.7	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	355	85	270	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	525	85	445	1.0	0.3	1.7
45. Social sciences	350	175	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
Business, management and public administration	7,690	2,280	5,400	14.2	8.3	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	80	310	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,280	2,190	5,090	13.5	8.0	19.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	565	300	270	1.0	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	55	125	0.3	0.2	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	195	125	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	895	640	255	1.7	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	800	600	195	1.5	2.2	0.7
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,485	8,655	830	17.6	31.4	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	160	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,045	880	160	1.9	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,840	1,540	300	3.4	5.6	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,285	2,220	65	4.2	8.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,100	2,040	60	3.9	7.4	0.2
48. Precision production	2,055	1,890	165	3.8	6.9	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,480	850	635	2.7	3.1	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,315	710	605	2.4	2.6	2.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	140	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
Health and related fields	4,130	675	3,460	7.6	2.5	13.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	95	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,805	535	3,275	7.0	1.9	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,455	1,705	1,755	6.4	6.2	6.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,915	395	1,525	3.5	1.4	5.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	505	405	95	0.9	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,020	885	135	1.9	3.2	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,045	27,545	26,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,960	10,565	8,395	35.1	38.4	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,085	16,980	18,110	64.9	61.6	68.3
Location of study inside Canada	33,720	16,195	17,525	62.4	58.8	66.1
Same as province or territory of residence	33,370	15,990	17,375	61.7	58.1	65.6
Different than province or territory of residence	350	200	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,370	785	580	2.5	2.8	2.2
Americas	365	210	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
United States of America	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	445	270	175	0.8	1.0	0.7
Belgium	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	300	175	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	420	235	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	90	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asia	130	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,725	43,540	43,185	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,200	29,245	25,960	...	...	...
Employed	52,235	27,680	24,555	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,965	1,560	1,405	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,525	14,295	17,225	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	67.2	60.1	63.6	67.2	60.1
Employment rate	60.2	63.6	56.9	60.2	63.6	56.9
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,725	43,540	43,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,915	13,950	16,965	35.6	32.0	39.3
Worked	55,805	29,595	26,215	64.3	68.0	60.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,750	16,930	12,820	34.3	38.9	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,060	12,660	13,395	30.0	29.1	31.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	43.0	41.2	42.1	43.0	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,200	29,240	25,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	395	510	1.6	1.4	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,295	28,850	25,445	98.4	98.7	98.0
Employee	48,290	25,225	23,060	87.5	86.3	88.8
Permanent position	41,830	22,180	19,645	75.8	75.9	75.7
Temporary position	6,465	3,045	3,420	11.7	10.4	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,045	910	1,135	3.7	3.1	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,415	2,130	2,285	8.0	7.3	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,010	3,625	2,385	10.9	12.4	9.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,200	29,240	25,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	395	510	1.6	1.4	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,295	28,850	25,445	98.4	98.7	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	930	680	245	1.7	2.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,145	2,400	5,745	14.8	8.2	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,985	2,295	690	5.4	7.8	2.7
3 Health occupations	3,950	655	3,290	7.2	2.2	12.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,780	1,450	4,335	10.5	5.0	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,150	600	550	2.1	2.1	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,940	5,475	7,460	23.4	18.7	28.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,645	10,545	1,100	21.1	36.1	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,660	1,225	430	3.0	4.2	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,130	3,530	1,595	9.3	12.1	6.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,200	29,240	25,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	900	395	510	1.6	1.4	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	54,295	28,850	25,445	98.4	98.7	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,770	1,230	535	3.2	4.2	2.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	135	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	260	200	60	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	4,265	3,695	570	7.7	12.6	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	11,205	7,860	3,345	20.3	26.9	12.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,400	1,610	785	4.3	5.5	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,620	3,090	3,525	12.0	10.6	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,995	2,320	675	5.4	7.9	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	390	225	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,285	425	860	2.3	1.5	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	570	355	215	1.0	1.2	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,595	1,255	1,330	4.7	4.3	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,560	935	630	2.8	3.2	2.4
61 Educational services	3,515	900	2,615	6.4	3.1	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	6,865	1,105	5,755	12.4	3.8	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	575	305	265	1.0	1.0	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,130	1,105	2,025	5.7	3.8	7.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,570	1,310	1,260	4.7	4.5	4.9
91 Public administration	1,555	770	790	2.8	2.6	3.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,910	31,115	27,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	435	280	150	0.7	0.9	0.5
French	52,180	27,080	25,100	88.6	87.0	90.3
Non-official language	130	100	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	100	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	5,845	3,500	2,340	9.9	11.2	8.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,910	31,115	27,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,200	30,730	27,470	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	58,040	30,610	27,425	98.5	98.4	98.7
English	1,085	630	455	1.8	2.0	1.6
French	56,955	29,985	26,975	96.7	96.4	97.0
Non-official languages	160	120	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	120	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	140	110	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	105	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	105	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	710	385	325	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	635	355	275	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,910	31,115	27,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	53,415	27,840	25,575	90.7	89.5	92.0
English	4,615	2,820	1,795	7.8	9.1	6.5
French	645	340	305	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official language	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,235	27,685	24,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,385	3,000	3,390	12.2	10.8	13.8
Worked outside Canada	120	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,050	3,860	1,180	9.7	13.9	4.8
Usual place of work	40,680	20,730	19,955	77.9	74.9	81.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,680	20,735	19,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,280	12,905	13,375	64.6	62.2	67.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,045	4,860	4,185	22.2	23.4	21.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,345	2,950	2,395	13.1	14.2	12.0
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,730	24,595	21,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,260	22,770	19,490	92.4	92.6	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,070	21,605	18,460	87.6	87.8	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,190	1,160	1,030	4.8	4.7	4.9
Public transit	520	190	335	1.1	0.8	1.6
Walked	1,920	975	945	4.2	4.0	4.5
Bicycle	405	315	95	0.9	1.3	0.4
Other method	625	355	270	1.4	1.4	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,730	24,595	21,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,870	11,070	10,800	47.8	45.0	51.1
15 to 29 minutes	16,180	8,745	7,440	35.4	35.6	35.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,185	2,290	1,895	9.2	9.3	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,780	1,145	635	3.9	4.7	3.0
60 minutes and over	1,715	1,350	360	3.8	5.5	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,730	24,595	21,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,630	2,065	560	5.8	8.4	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,725	6,050	2,675	19.1	24.6	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,630	7,370	7,260	32.0	30.0	34.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,575	3,160	5,415	18.8	12.8	25.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,320	1,290	2,025	7.3	5.2	9.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,850	4,660	3,195	17.2	18.9	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,010	11,335	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,960	995	965	8.9	8.8	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,045	10,340	9,705	91.1	91.2	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,085	8,320	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,490	755	730	9.3	9.1	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,065	515	550	6.6	6.2	7.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	420	240	185	2.6	2.9	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,595	7,570	7,025	90.7	91.0	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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