Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Dorval, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	19,302	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,980	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,058	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,716	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	923.0	...	...	923.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	20.91	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	19,300	9,525	9,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,655	1,355	1,295	13.8	14.2	13.2
0 to 4 years	765	390	375	4.0	4.1	3.8
5 to 9 years	905	465	445	4.7	4.9	4.6
10 to 14 years	985	505	480	5.1	5.3	4.9
15 to 64 years	12,595	6,295	6,300	65.3	66.1	64.4
15 to 19 years	945	460	480	4.9	4.8	4.9
20 to 24 years	1,125	595	530	5.8	6.2	5.4
25 to 29 years	1,260	655	605	6.5	6.9	6.2
30 to 34 years	1,145	575	565	5.9	6.0	5.8
35 to 39 years	1,235	630	610	6.4	6.6	6.2
40 to 44 years	1,215	615	605	6.3	6.5	6.2
45 to 49 years	1,300	635	665	6.7	6.7	6.8
50 to 54 years	1,310	625	685	6.8	6.6	7.0
55 to 59 years	1,545	775	775	8.0	8.1	7.9
60 to 64 years	1,515	725	785	7.8	7.6	8.0
65 years and over	4,050	1,870	2,180	21.0	19.6	22.3
65 to 69 years	1,195	575	625	6.2	6.0	6.4
70 to 74 years	1,100	520	580	5.7	5.5	5.9
75 to 79 years	790	340	450	4.1	3.6	4.6
80 to 84 years	500	240	265	2.6	2.5	2.7
85 years and over	455	200	260	2.4	2.1	2.7
85 to 89 years	280	125	150	1.5	1.3	1.5
90 to 94 years	140	60	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	14.2	13.2	13.8	14.2	13.2
15 to 64 years	65.3	66.1	64.4	65.3	66.1	64.4
65 years and over	21.0	19.6	22.3	21.0	19.6	22.3
85 years and over	2.4	2.1	2.7	2.4	2.1	2.7
Average age of the population	44.1	43.2	44.9	44.1	43.2	44.9
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.4	45.2	44.0	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,970	...	...	45.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	300	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	245	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	220	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,100	...	...	35.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	870	...	...	10.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,310	...	...	38.0	...	...
2 persons	2,725	...	...	31.3	...	...
3 persons	1,145	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	1,065	...	...	12.2	...	...
5 or more persons	475	...	...	5.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,015	9,400	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	16,650	8,170	8,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,810	4,420	4,395	52.9	54.1	51.8
Married	6,765	3,390	3,370	40.6	41.5	39.7
Living common-law	2,050	1,025	1,020	12.3	12.5	12.0
Living common law - Never married	1,570	795	780	9.4	9.7	9.2
Living common law - Separated	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	410	200	210	2.5	2.4	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	7,840	3,750	4,090	47.1	45.9	48.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,280	2,855	2,425	31.7	34.9	28.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	290	130	165	1.7	1.6	1.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,390	555	835	8.3	6.8	9.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	875	205	670	5.3	2.5	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,725	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	1,105	...	...	21.1	...	...
4 persons	1,050	...	...	20.1	...	...
5 or more persons	355	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,320	...	...	82.5	...	...
Married couples	3,300	...	...	63.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,815	...	...	34.7	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...	28.4	...	...
Common-law couples	1,025	...	...	19.6	...	...
With children⁶	385	...	...	7.4	...	...
Without children	635	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	915	...	...	17.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	705	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	210	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,015	9,400	9,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,825	7,330	7,495	78.0	78.0	78.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,645	4,325	4,315	45.5	46.0	44.9
Parents in one-parent families	910	205	700	4.8	2.2	7.3
Children⁶	5,270	2,795	2,475	27.7	29.7	25.7
In a two-parent family	3,980	2,120	1,860	20.9	22.6	19.3
In a one-parent family	1,285	675	615	6.8	7.2	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,190	2,065	2,125	22.0	22.0	22.1
Living alone	3,315	1,600	1,710	17.4	17.0	17.8
Living with other relatives⁷	375	150	220	2.0	1.6	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	510	315	195	2.7	3.4	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,830	...	...	55.4	...	...
Couple-family households	4,045	...	...	46.4	...	...
With children⁶	2,055	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	1,990	...	...	22.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	790	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	145	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	130	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	275	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	3,310	...	...	38.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,375	8,045	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,915	7,820	8,095	97.2	97.2	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	45,200	40,000	42,400	45,200	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,925	7,825	8,095	97.3	97.3	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	39,200	35,600	37,600	39,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,540	7,190	7,345	88.8	89.4	88.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,600	36,000	41,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,700	6,010	5,685	71.5	74.7	68.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,400	35,200	38,800	42,400	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,810	5,940	6,870	78.2	73.8	82.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,800	11,600	10,700	9,800	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,580	735	845	9.6	9.1	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,760	5,560	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,695	2,465	2,230	28.7	30.6	26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,375	8,045	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,960	7,860	8,105	97.5	97.7	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	67,500	53,550	60,450	67,500	53,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,960	7,860	8,105	97.5	97.7	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,440	51,500	43,520	47,440	51,500	43,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,505	7,195	7,310	88.6	89.4	87.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	64,500	47,560	55,950	64,500	47,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,700	6,055	5,645	71.5	75.3	67.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,100	61,300	46,320	54,100	61,300	46,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,825	5,950	6,880	78.3	74.0	82.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,910	11,240	12,480	11,910	11,240	12,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,600	745	865	9.8	9.3	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,210	8,440	7,400	6,210	8,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,630	2,460	2,175	28.3	30.6	26.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,710	9,050	8,870	8,710	9,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,375	8,040	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,785	3,100	2,680	35.3	38.6	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	67,500	60,800	64,000	67,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,000	94,600	69,600	83,000	94,600	69,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,440	2,160	2,280	27.1	26.9	27.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	19,000	14,900	17,400	19,000	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280	29,640	28,920	29,280	29,640	28,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	87.4	80.2	84.2	87.4	80.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	70.0	60.2	65.6	70.0	60.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8	12.6	19.8	15.8	12.6	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.2	0.9	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.4	5.2	4.8	4.4	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	4.0	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,375	8,040	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	460	220	245	2.8	2.7	2.9
With total income	15,910	7,825	8,090	97.2	97.3	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,255	595	660	7.9	7.6	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,690	745	950	10.6	9.5	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,385	1,055	1,325	15.0	13.5	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,105	995	1,110	13.2	12.7	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,825	910	915	11.5	11.6	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,550	705	840	9.7	9.0	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,195	620	575	7.5	7.9	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	900	450	450	5.7	5.8	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	710	355	355	4.5	4.5	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	535	280	255	3.4	3.6	3.2
$100,000 and over	1,760	1,105	655	11.1	14.1	8.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,105	665	440	6.9	8.5	5.4
$150,000 and over	660	440	220	4.1	5.6	2.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,375	8,040	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	450	215	235	2.7	2.7	2.8
With after-tax income	15,920	7,825	8,095	97.2	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,335	620	710	8.4	7.9	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,800	790	1,010	11.3	10.1	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,855	1,315	1,540	17.9	16.8	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,585	1,260	1,325	16.2	16.1	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,240	1,065	1,175	14.1	13.6	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,620	805	810	10.2	10.3	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,110	575	535	7.0	7.3	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	765	385	375	4.8	4.9	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	505	285	215	3.2	3.6	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	275	180	100	1.7	2.3	1.2
$100,000 and over	835	540	290	5.2	6.9	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	400	250	145	2.5	3.2	1.8
$125,000 and over	435	290	145	2.7	3.7	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,375	8,040	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,675	2,035	2,645	28.5	25.3	31.8
With employment income	11,695	6,010	5,690	71.4	74.8	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,625	815	810	13.9	13.6	14.2
$5,000 to $9,999	895	415	480	7.7	6.9	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	1,335	615	720	11.4	10.2	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,095	535	565	9.4	8.9	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,015	500	515	8.7	8.3	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,075	535	540	9.2	8.9	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	980	485	495	8.4	8.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	805	415	385	6.9	6.9	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	625	325	295	5.3	5.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	565	290	270	4.8	4.8	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	375	225	155	3.2	3.7	2.7
$100,000 and over	1,305	855	455	11.2	14.2	8.0
$100,000 to $124,999	555	340	215	4.7	5.7	3.8
$125,000 and over	750	515	240	6.4	8.6	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,375	8,045	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,585	7,640	7,945	95.2	95.0	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,200	37,600	41,200	45,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,590	7,640	7,950	95.2	95.0	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,390	7,100	7,290	87.9	88.3	87.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	33,200	38,000	42,800	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,725	6,015	5,705	71.6	74.8	68.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,200	36,800	40,000	43,200	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,460	5,185	6,270	70.0	64.4	75.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	3,240	7,450	5,320	3,240	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,005	470	540	6.1	5.8	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,040	6,800	5,160	4,040	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,375	8,045	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,590	7,650	7,940	95.2	95.1	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	66,000	47,360	56,500	66,000	47,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,600	7,655	7,940	95.3	95.2	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,360	50,280	38,680	44,360	50,280	38,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,295	7,075	7,220	87.3	87.9	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	65,800	44,040	54,800	65,800	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,645	6,005	5,645	71.1	74.6	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	61,900	46,640	54,500	61,900	46,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,430	5,090	6,340	69.8	63.3	76.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520	7,740	9,140	8,520	7,740	9,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,015	455	560	6.2	5.7	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880	6,120	9,320	7,880	6,120	9,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,375	8,040	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,775	3,090	2,685	35.3	38.4	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	65,000	55,200	60,400	65,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,100	89,300	65,100	78,100	89,300	65,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,190	2,045	2,150	25.6	25.4	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	26,000	23,400	24,400	26,000	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,080	36,400	33,800	35,080	36,400	33,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.2	84.6	89.0	92.2	84.6
Employment income (%)	72.0	73.6	70.0	72.0	73.6	70.0
Government transfers (%)	11.0	7.8	15.4	11.0	7.8	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.9	0.6	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...	86,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,550	...	...	52,550	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,320	...	...	43,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	140	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	415	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	305	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	335	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	390	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	375	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	730	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	645	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	580	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	510	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	460	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,230	...	...	37.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	905	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	700	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	810	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	820	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	165	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	445	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	410	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	440	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	460	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	430	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	820	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	720	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	610	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	570	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	455	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,430	...	...	27.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	930	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	595	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	905	...	...	10.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,820	1,915	1,905	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	41,600	41,200	41,600	41,600	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	114,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	135,200	...	...	135,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	181,800	...	...	181,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600	...	...	74,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,845	1,900	1,945	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	51,300	48,680	50,000	51,300	48,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	42,120	40,760	41,440	42,120	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,200	1,630	1,575	16.8	17.3	16.4
0 to 5 years	935	480	455	4.9	5.1	4.7
18 to 64 years	11,925	5,960	5,965	62.7	63.4	62.0
65 years and over	3,885	1,805	2,080	20.4	19.2	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,915	895	1,020	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	300	140	160	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	40	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,075	540	535	...	...	...
65 years and over	540	215	325	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.6	10.1	9.5	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	9.4	8.6	10.2	9.4	8.6	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	8.0	12.0	10.0	8.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	9.1	8.9	9.0	9.1	8.9
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.9	15.6	13.9	11.9	15.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,015	9,400	9,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,205	1,630	1,570	16.9	17.3	16.3
0 to 5 years	935	480	460	4.9	5.1	4.8
18 to 64 years	11,930	5,960	5,965	62.7	63.4	62.0
65 years and over	3,885	1,805	2,080	20.4	19.2	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,140	595	545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	175	90	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	50	25	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	765	425	340	...	...	...
65 years and over	195	80	120	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.3	5.7	6.0	6.3	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.2	5.6
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.4	5.7	5.1	4.4	5.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,450	4,605	4,845	49.7	49.0	50.4
In bottom decile	1,685	840	840	8.9	8.9	8.7
In second decile	1,705	805	900	9.0	8.6	9.4
In third decile	2,030	975	1,055	10.7	10.4	11.0
In fourth decile	1,995	980	1,015	10.5	10.4	10.6
In fifth decile	2,040	1,005	1,035	10.7	10.7	10.8
In top half of the distribution	9,560	4,790	4,770	50.3	51.0	49.6
In sixth decile	1,925	965	955	10.1	10.3	9.9
In seventh decile	2,055	1,035	1,020	10.8	11.0	10.6
In eighth decile	1,950	945	1,005	10.3	10.1	10.4
In ninth decile	1,800	915	885	9.5	9.7	9.2
In top decile	1,830	930	905	9.6	9.9	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,015	...	...	19,015	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.361	...	...	0.361	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467	...	...	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,130	9,440	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,030	2,045	1,985	21.1	21.7	20.5
French only	1,340	600	740	7.0	6.4	7.6
English and French	13,510	6,690	6,820	70.6	70.9	70.3
Neither English nor French	255	105	150	1.3	1.1	1.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,130	9,440	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,230	5,625	5,605	58.7	59.6	57.8
French	6,145	2,950	3,195	32.1	31.3	33.0
English and French	1,515	765	750	7.9	8.1	7.7
Neither English nor French	245	105	140	1.3	1.1	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,130	9,440	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,775	8,735	9,035	92.9	92.5	93.2
Official languages	13,010	6,460	6,550	68.0	68.4	67.6
English	7,890	4,005	3,880	41.2	42.4	40.0
French	5,125	2,455	2,670	26.8	26.0	27.5
Non-official languages	4,765	2,275	2,485	24.9	24.1	25.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,725	2,270	2,460	24.7	24.0	25.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	545	285	260	2.8	3.0	2.7
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	510	265	240	2.7	2.8	2.5
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	495	260	235	2.6	2.8	2.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	75	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	115	180	1.5	1.2	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	85	145	1.2	0.9	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,700	1,300	1,400	14.1	13.8	14.4
Albanian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	495	235	265	2.6	2.5	2.7
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	490	235	260	2.6	2.5	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czech	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Russian	180	90	95	0.9	1.0	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	70	125	1.0	0.7	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	50	105	0.8	0.5	1.1
German	145	45	95	0.8	0.5	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	385	205	180	2.0	2.2	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	265	140	125	1.4	1.5	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	65	55	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	70	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Dari	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,475	710	760	7.7	7.5	7.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italian	485	245	245	2.5	2.6	2.5
Portuguese	100	45	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Romanian	245	115	125	1.3	1.2	1.3
Spanish	640	310	330	3.3	3.3	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	730	355	375	3.8	3.8	3.9
Chinese languages	725	350	375	3.8	3.7	3.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	580	285	300	3.0	3.0	3.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,360	705	660	7.1	7.5	6.8
English and French	640	320	315	3.3	3.4	3.2
English and non-official language(s)	380	195	185	2.0	2.1	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	160	95	70	0.8	1.0	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,130	9,440	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,195	4,165	4,030	42.8	44.1	41.6
French	3,730	1,820	1,910	19.5	19.3	19.7
Non-official language	1,320	625	690	6.9	6.6	7.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,315	625	690	6.9	6.6	7.1
English and French	2,425	1,175	1,250	12.7	12.4	12.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,445	670	780	7.6	7.1	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	550	260	290	2.9	2.8	3.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,350	670	680	7.1	7.1	7.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,130	9,440	9,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,565	8,655	8,905	91.8	91.7	91.9
Official languages	15,135	7,485	7,650	79.1	79.3	78.9
English	10,390	5,180	5,215	54.3	54.9	53.8
French	4,740	2,305	2,435	24.8	24.4	25.1
Non-official languages	2,430	1,170	1,255	12.7	12.4	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,420	1,165	1,250	12.7	12.3	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	130	120	1.3	1.4	1.2
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	240	120	115	1.3	1.3	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	120	110	1.2	1.3	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	65	80	0.8	0.7	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	50	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,245	600	645	6.5	6.4	6.7
Albanian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	285	135	150	1.5	1.4	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	130	150	1.5	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	145	75	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	275	155	130	1.4	1.6	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	185	100	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	65	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	610	285	320	3.2	3.0	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	140	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	375	175	200	2.0	1.9	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	270	285	2.9	2.9	2.9
Chinese languages	550	270	280	2.9	2.9	2.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	460	225	240	2.4	2.4	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,570	780	785	8.2	8.3	8.1
English and French	670	335	335	3.5	3.5	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	450	225	225	2.4	2.4	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	220	100	120	1.2	1.1	1.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	110	100	1.1	1.2	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,135	9,440	9,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,455	7,215	7,240	75.5	76.4	74.7
English	1,175	570	610	6.1	6.0	6.3
French	1,470	710	765	7.7	7.5	7.9
Non-official language	975	445	530	5.1	4.7	5.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	960	440	520	5.0	4.7	5.4
English and French	245	125	125	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	230	110	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	445	215	230	2.3	2.3	2.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	18,765	9,295	9,465	98.7	98.9	98.4
English	17,460	8,670	8,790	91.8	92.3	91.4
French	14,760	7,245	7,510	77.6	77.1	78.1
Non-official languages	7,105	3,360	3,745	37.4	35.8	38.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,075	3,355	3,725	37.2	35.7	38.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	810	435	370	4.3	4.6	3.8
Berber languages	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	775	420	360	4.1	4.5	3.7
Amharic	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	725	385	340	3.8	4.1	3.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	75	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	385	150	240	2.0	1.6	2.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	145	220	1.9	1.5	2.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Creole languages	155	55	100	0.8	0.6	1.0
Haitian Creole	80	25	55	0.4	0.3	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	85	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Telugu	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,555	2,160	2,390	24.0	23.0	24.8
Albanian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Armenian	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Balto-Slavic languages	685	305	375	3.6	3.2	3.9
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	665	295	375	3.5	3.1	3.9
Belarusian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Czech	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Polish	175	85	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	310	120	190	1.6	1.3	2.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	130	270	2.1	1.4	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	320	90	230	1.7	1.0	2.4
German	320	90	230	1.7	1.0	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Swedish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	70	110	0.9	0.7	1.1
Indo-Iranian languages	680	355	325	3.6	3.8	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	505	255	245	2.7	2.7	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindi	280	155	130	1.5	1.6	1.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Marathi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	155	135	1.5	1.6	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Urdu	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	100	80	0.9	1.1	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	160	90	75	0.8	1.0	0.8
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	115	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,785	1,355	1,430	14.6	14.4	14.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	930	460	470	4.9	4.9	4.9
Portuguese	165	90	75	0.9	1.0	0.8
Romanian	295	120	170	1.6	1.3	1.8
Spanish	1,605	760	845	8.4	8.1	8.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	100	25	75	0.5	0.3	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	90	75	0.9	1.0	0.8
Akan (Twi)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	740	350	390	3.9	3.7	4.1
Chinese languages	740	350	390	3.9	3.7	4.1
Hakka	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	630	285	345	3.3	3.0	3.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	195	100	95	1.0	1.1	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	70	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	60	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	170	70	95	0.9	0.7	1.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	155	65	95	0.8	0.7	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Métis	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	18,840	9,325	9,525	99.1	99.3	99.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,985	9,375	9,610	99.8	99.8	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,200	...	...	59.7	...	...
Renter	3,515	...	...	40.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,340	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not condominium	7,375	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	125	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,060	...	...	23.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,260	...	...	25.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,295	...	...	26.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,975	...	...	22.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,650	...	...	41.9	...	...
5 rooms	985	...	...	11.3	...	...
6 rooms	955	...	...	11.0	...	...
7 rooms	890	...	...	10.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,230	...	...	25.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,575	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	140	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,310	...	...	95.4	...	...
Not suitable	410	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,805	...	...	43.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,350	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	720	...	...	8.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	400	...	...	4.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	325	...	...	3.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	265	...	...	3.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	530	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,985	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	730	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,115	...	...	58.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,395	...	...	39.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	210	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,105	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,400	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,550	...	...	17.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,870	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,490	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	820	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,065	...	...	81.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,620	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,490	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,475	...	...	28.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,400	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	285	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	505	...	...	5.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,245	...	...	71.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	670	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not in core need	7,885	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,205	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,344	...	...	1,344	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	590,500	...	...	590,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.0	...	...	29.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	80	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	80	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	310	140	170	1.6	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	310	140	170	1.6	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	110	155	1.4	1.2	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	18,625	9,220	9,400	97.9	98.1	97.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,555	8,660	8,895	92.3	92.2	92.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,930	1,490	1,445	15.4	15.9	15.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,620	7,175	7,445	76.9	76.4	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,460	735	725	7.7	7.8	7.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,470	6,780	6,695	70.8	72.2	69.6
Immigrants⁸¹	5,035	2,340	2,700	26.5	24.9	28.1
Before 1980	1,295	615	685	6.8	6.5	7.1
1980 to 1990	505	235	270	2.7	2.5	2.8
1991 to 2000	1,000	460	540	5.3	4.9	5.6
2001 to 2010	1,105	500	605	5.8	5.3	6.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130	530	600	5.9	5.6	6.2
2011 to 2015	595	275	320	3.1	2.9	3.3
2016 to 2021	535	255	280	2.8	2.7	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	510	285	225	2.7	3.0	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,035	2,340	2,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	440	205	230	8.7	8.8	8.5
5 to 14 years	930	480	450	18.5	20.5	16.7
15 to 24 years	840	385	455	16.7	16.5	16.9
25 to 44 years	2,505	1,105	1,395	49.8	47.2	51.7
45 years and over	325	155	165	6.5	6.6	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,035	2,340	2,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,010	510	505	20.1	21.8	18.7
Brazil	40	25	15	0.8	1.1	0.6
Colombia	85	30	55	1.7	1.3	2.0
El Salvador	55	40	15	1.1	1.7	0.6
Guyana	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Haiti	55	10	45	1.1	0.4	1.7
Jamaica	60	25	40	1.2	1.1	1.5
Mexico	70	40	30	1.4	1.7	1.1
Peru	40	25	20	0.8	1.1	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	15	0.6	0.9	0.6
United States of America	120	85	35	2.4	3.6	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	435	220	215	8.6	9.4	8.0
Europe	1,470	630	835	29.2	26.9	30.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	170	85	80	3.4	3.6	3.0
Germany	100	35	60	2.0	1.5	2.2
Greece	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Italy	185	105	75	3.7	4.5	2.8
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Poland	65	30	35	1.3	1.3	1.3
Portugal	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Romania	190	65	125	3.8	2.8	4.6
Russian Federation	75	30	50	1.5	1.3	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	65	20	45	1.3	0.9	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	230	100	125	4.6	4.3	4.6
Other places of birth in Europe	295	110	190	5.9	4.7	7.0
Africa	745	385	360	14.8	16.5	13.3
Algeria	145	85	55	2.9	3.6	2.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	15	20	0.8	0.6	0.7
Egypt	105	55	50	2.1	2.4	1.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Morocco	165	90	80	3.3	3.8	3.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	255	110	150	5.1	4.7	5.6
Asia	1,810	810	1,000	35.9	34.6	37.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	100	50	55	2.0	2.1	2.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	60	35	25	1.2	1.5	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	35	1.4	1.5	1.3
Turkey	60	35	30	1.2	1.5	1.1
China⁹⁰	345	150	200	6.9	6.4	7.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	15	0.7	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	65	20	45	1.3	0.9	1.7
Taiwan	135	45	90	2.7	1.9	3.3
Philippines	375	155	225	7.4	6.6	8.3
Viet Nam	85	35	45	1.7	1.5	1.7
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
India	200	105	95	4.0	4.5	3.5
Pakistan	35	20	20	0.7	0.9	0.7
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.7	0.9	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	165	75	90	3.3	3.2	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	535	255	280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	90	35	55	16.8	13.7	19.6
Brazil	20	15	10	3.7	5.9	3.6
Colombia	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	3.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	2.8	3.9	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	3.7	0.0	7.1
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15	3.7	0.0	5.4
Europe	50	35	20	9.3	13.7	7.1
France	15	15	0	2.8	5.9	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.9	3.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	10	3.7	0.0	3.6
Africa	190	95	95	35.5	37.3	33.9
Algeria	35	25	15	6.5	9.8	5.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	60	20	35	11.2	7.8	12.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	1.9	3.9	0.0
Egypt	15	0	15	2.8	0.0	5.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	20	5.6	3.9	7.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	1.9	3.9	0.0
Asia	200	85	110	37.4	33.3	39.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	4.7	0.0	7.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	0	10	3.7	0.0	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	3.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	30	20	9.3	11.8	7.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	20	30	10.3	7.8	10.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	2.8	0.0	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,720	2,695	3,025	30.1	28.7	31.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,515	2,405	2,110	23.7	25.6	21.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,780	4,300	4,480	46.2	45.8	46.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,740	1,725	2,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,320	1,080	1,240	62.0	62.6	61.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,025	530	490	27.4	30.7	24.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,295	550	750	34.6	31.9	37.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	940	410	535	25.1	23.8	26.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	460	235	225	12.3	13.6	11.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,740	1,725	2,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	290	155	135	7.8	9.0	6.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	430	170	255	11.5	9.9	12.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	65	40	2.8	3.8	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	210	105	105	5.6	6.1	5.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,685	1,230	1,450	71.8	71.3	72.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,320	2,630	2,685	28.0	28.0	27.9
South Asian	820	440	380	4.3	4.7	4.0
Chinese	885	400	490	4.7	4.3	5.1
Black	880	420	450	4.6	4.5	4.7
Filipino	565	260	310	3.0	2.8	3.2
Arab	625	345	280	3.3	3.7	2.9
Latin American	680	345	335	3.6	3.7	3.5
Southeast Asian	220	95	130	1.2	1.0	1.4
West Asian	170	75	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Korean	120	50	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Japanese	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	245	135	110	1.3	1.4	1.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,700	6,765	6,935	72.0	72.0	72.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,015	9,400	9,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,590	1,230	1,360	13.6	13.1	14.1
English	1,760	830	930	9.3	8.8	9.7
Irish	2,815	1,510	1,305	14.8	16.1	13.6
Scottish	1,930	935	990	10.1	9.9	10.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,300	1,615	1,685	17.4	17.2	17.5
German	790	350	440	4.2	3.7	4.6
Chinese	780	355	425	4.1	3.8	4.4
Italian	1,980	1,055	930	10.4	11.2	9.7
Indian (India)	590	315	270	3.1	3.4	2.8
Ukrainian	455	230	225	2.4	2.4	2.3
Dutch	175	90	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
Polish	610	335	275	3.2	3.6	2.9
Québécois	710	380	335	3.7	4.0	3.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	560	250	305	2.9	2.7	3.2
Filipino	575	270	300	3.0	2.9	3.1
French Canadian	755	380	380	4.0	4.0	4.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	300	160	140	1.6	1.7	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	120	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Métis	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	265	145	120	1.4	1.5	1.2
Russian	300	155	150	1.6	1.6	1.6
Norwegian	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	195	75	115	1.0	0.8	1.2
Portuguese	215	95	110	1.1	1.0	1.1
American	210	115	95	1.1	1.2	1.0
Spanish	305	160	140	1.6	1.7	1.5
Swedish	60	10	50	0.3	0.1	0.5
Hungarian	225	105	115	1.2	1.1	1.2
Acadian	75	50	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistani	40	35	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	105	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
Jewish	180	80	100	0.9	0.9	1.0
Punjabi	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	155	75	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	270	140	130	1.4	1.5	1.4
Greek	310	130	180	1.6	1.4	1.9
Jamaican	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165	70	90	0.9	0.7	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	355	155	200	1.9	1.6	2.1
Lebanese	185	100	85	1.0	1.1	0.9
Iranian	155	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	50	80	0.7	0.5	0.8
Danish	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Sikh	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Austrian	120	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Belgian	85	25	55	0.4	0.3	0.6
Haitian	145	55	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
Hindu	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexican	175	105	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	95	50	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Finnish	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Croatian	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	10	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Muslim	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	215	95	120	1.1	1.0	1.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	75	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Tamil	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	95	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	195	120	70	1.0	1.3	0.7
Czech	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syrian	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
Serbian	45	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ontarian	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkish	105	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	145	75	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Brazilian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	100	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Slovak	45	35	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	110	50	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iraqi	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
African Caribbean	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Algonquin	45	15	35	0.2	0.2	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	85	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	90	30	60	0.5	0.3	0.6
Congolese	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	60	50	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Albanian	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Slovenian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Barbadian	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
African American	25	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tunisian	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Laotian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Thai	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dominican	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Grenadian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,015	9,395	9,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	65	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Christian	11,575	5,440	6,135	60.9	57.9	63.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	865	415	455	4.5	4.4	4.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	590	265	325	3.1	2.8	3.4
Baptist	95	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Catholic	7,885	3,805	4,080	41.5	40.5	42.4
Christian Orthodox	730	315	420	3.8	3.4	4.4
Jehovah's Witness	95	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	165	80	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	110	60	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	300	105	195	1.6	1.1	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	670	280	390	3.5	3.0	4.1
Hindu	215	125	90	1.1	1.3	0.9
Jewish	235	105	130	1.2	1.1	1.4
Muslim	940	490	445	4.9	5.2	4.6
Sikh	225	105	120	1.2	1.1	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	5,550	3,010	2,545	29.2	32.0	26.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,850	9,320	9,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,110	8,525	8,585	90.8	91.5	90.1
Movers	1,740	800	940	9.2	8.6	9.9
Non-migrants	810	385	425	4.3	4.1	4.5
Migrants	935	415	515	5.0	4.5	5.4
Internal migrants	800	365	440	4.2	3.9	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	735	330	400	3.9	3.5	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
External migrants	135	50	80	0.7	0.5	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,210	9,005	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,820	5,810	6,015	64.9	64.5	65.3
Movers	6,385	3,200	3,190	35.1	35.5	34.7
Non-migrants	1,380	720	655	7.6	8.0	7.1
Migrants	5,010	2,480	2,530	27.5	27.5	27.5
Internal migrants	4,145	2,025	2,120	22.8	22.5	23.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,905	1,895	2,010	21.4	21.0	21.8
Interprovincial migrants	240	130	110	1.3	1.4	1.2
External migrants	865	450	415	4.8	5.0	4.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,375	8,040	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,930	1,105	825	11.8	13.7	9.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,445	6,940	7,510	88.2	86.3	90.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,465	5,150	5,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	795	535	255	7.6	10.4	4.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,670	4,615	5,050	92.4	89.6	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,375	8,045	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,740	960	780	10.6	11.9	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,015	2,055	1,960	24.5	25.5	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,615	5,030	5,590	64.8	62.5	67.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,090	2,470	2,620	31.1	30.7	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,360	840	520	8.3	10.4	6.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	935	520	420	5.7	6.5	5.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	420	320	100	2.6	4.0	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,065	1,360	1,705	18.7	16.9	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	670	270	400	4.1	3.4	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,525	2,560	2,970	33.7	31.8	35.6
Bachelor's degree	3,555	1,645	1,910	21.7	20.4	22.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	510	230	280	3.1	2.9	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	1,120	490	630	6.8	6.1	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	135	80	1.3	1.7	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,470	5,155	5,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	690	450	240	6.6	8.7	4.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,090	1,180	905	20.0	22.9	17.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,680	3,520	4,160	73.4	68.3	78.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,335	1,635	1,700	31.9	31.7	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	870	515	355	8.3	10.0	6.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	665	370	300	6.4	7.2	5.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	200	145	55	1.9	2.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,995	935	1,060	19.1	18.1	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	475	185	285	4.5	3.6	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,345	1,885	2,465	41.5	36.6	46.4
Bachelor's degree	2,760	1,245	1,515	26.4	24.2	28.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	400	155	245	3.8	3.0	4.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	20	55	0.8	0.4	1.0
Master's degree	950	370	580	9.1	7.2	10.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	100	65	1.5	1.9	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,375	8,040	8,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,755	3,015	2,745	35.1	37.5	33.0
Education	725	190	535	4.4	2.4	6.4
13. Education	725	190	535	4.4	2.4	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	555	235	320	3.4	2.9	3.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	485	180	300	3.0	2.2	3.6
Humanities	655	230	430	4.0	2.9	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	25	100	0.8	0.3	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	130	40	85	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	85	160	1.5	1.1	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	65	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,435	540	890	8.8	6.7	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	65	100	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	170	30	135	1.0	0.4	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	200	75	120	1.2	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	225	60	165	1.4	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	650	305	350	4.0	3.8	4.2
Business, management and public administration	2,645	1,100	1,545	16.2	13.7	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	10	65	0.5	0.1	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,570	1,090	1,480	15.7	13.6	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	670	375	300	4.1	4.7	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	95	115	1.3	1.2	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	100	95	1.2	1.2	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
40. Physical sciences	200	145	55	1.2	1.8	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	595	405	190	3.6	5.0	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	435	330	105	2.7	4.1	1.3
25. Library science	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,720	1,505	215	10.5	18.7	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	100	65	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	650	550	105	4.0	6.8	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	310	260	45	1.9	3.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	240	225	15	1.5	2.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	330	330	0	2.0	4.1	0.0
48. Precision production	95	80	15	0.6	1.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	155	50	100	0.9	0.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	10	55	0.4	0.1	0.7
Health and related fields	1,050	200	855	6.4	2.5	10.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	920	140	780	5.6	1.7	9.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	415	200	215	2.5	2.5	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265	80	185	1.6	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	75	55	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	60	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,465	5,150	5,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,785	1,635	1,150	26.6	31.7	21.6
Education	470	110	365	4.5	2.1	6.9
13. Education	470	110	365	4.5	2.1	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	185	230	4.0	3.6	4.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	30	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	365	150	215	3.5	2.9	4.0
Humanities	425	160	265	4.1	3.1	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	70	0.8	0.2	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	85	35	55	0.8	0.7	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	50	85	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
54. History	55	30	30	0.5	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,110	420	685	10.6	8.2	12.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	60	75	1.2	1.2	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	0	85	0.9	0.0	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	150	50	100	1.4	1.0	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	180	50	130	1.7	1.0	2.4
45. Social sciences	535	255	275	5.1	5.0	5.2
Business, management and public administration	1,980	750	1,230	18.9	14.6	23.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	10	55	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,920	745	1,175	18.3	14.5	22.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	395	205	190	3.8	4.0	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	65	90	1.4	1.3	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	95	45	1.3	1.8	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	490	325	165	4.7	6.3	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	375	290	90	3.6	5.6	1.7
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.5	0.2	0.8
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,255	1,080	175	12.0	21.0	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	85	50	35	0.8	1.0	0.7
14. Engineering	540	450	90	5.2	8.7	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	210	180	35	2.0	3.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	145	145	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	210	210	0	2.0	4.1	0.0
48. Precision production	65	50	15	0.6	1.0	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	110	35	80	1.1	0.7	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	20	45	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.7
Health and related fields	720	115	605	6.9	2.2	11.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	630	85	545	6.0	1.7	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	300	140	165	2.9	2.7	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	190	60	135	1.8	1.2	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	65	45	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	50	35	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,465	5,150	5,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,785	1,635	1,150	26.6	31.7	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,685	3,520	4,165	73.4	68.3	78.4
Location of study inside Canada	6,060	2,755	3,300	57.9	53.5	62.1
Same as province or territory of residence	5,620	2,590	3,035	53.7	50.3	57.1
Different than province or territory of residence	435	165	275	4.2	3.2	5.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,625	765	860	15.5	14.9	16.2
Americas	360	180	185	3.4	3.5	3.5
United States of America	140	75	60	1.3	1.5	1.1
Mexico	55	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cuba	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Colombia	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Europe	495	245	255	4.7	4.8	4.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	100	70	30	1.0	1.4	0.6
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Romania	105	45	60	1.0	0.9	1.1
Russian Federation	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	35	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
Africa	235	130	100	2.2	2.5	1.9
Nigeria	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Algeria	35	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Morocco	65	35	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	30	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	70	40	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Asia	520	205	320	5.0	4.0	6.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	70	90	1.5	1.4	1.7
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	105	35	75	1.0	0.7	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
India	110	50	65	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.4
Oceania	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,375	8,045	8,335	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,930	5,680	5,250	...	...	...
Employed	9,810	5,110	4,705	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,120	575	545	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,445	2,360	3,085	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.7	70.6	63.0	66.7	70.6	63.0
Employment rate	59.9	63.5	56.4	59.9	63.5	56.4
Unemployment rate	10.2	10.1	10.4	10.2	10.1	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,375	8,040	8,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,725	2,525	3,200	35.0	31.4	38.4
Worked	10,650	5,520	5,135	65.0	68.7	61.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,920	3,205	2,720	36.2	39.9	32.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,730	2,315	2,415	28.9	28.8	29.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.8	40.6	41.2	41.8	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,930	5,680	5,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	270	135	140	2.5	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,655	5,545	5,115	97.5	97.6	97.4
Employee	9,135	4,600	4,535	83.6	81.0	86.4
Permanent position	7,885	4,035	3,845	72.1	71.0	73.2
Temporary position	1,250	565	685	11.4	9.9	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	440	170	270	4.0	3.0	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	810	390	415	7.4	6.9	7.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,520	945	575	13.9	16.6	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,930	5,680	5,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	270	135	140	2.5	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,655	5,545	5,115	97.5	97.6	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	245	180	65	2.2	3.2	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,310	780	1,535	21.1	13.7	29.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,160	870	290	10.6	15.3	5.5
3 Health occupations	655	115	535	6.0	2.0	10.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,225	370	855	11.2	6.5	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	430	185	245	3.9	3.3	4.7
6 Sales and service occupations	2,755	1,440	1,320	25.2	25.4	25.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,435	1,330	100	13.1	23.4	1.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	40	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	380	235	145	3.5	4.1	2.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,930	5,680	5,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	270	135	140	2.5	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	10,655	5,545	5,115	97.5	97.6	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	50	30	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
23 Construction	410	345	70	3.8	6.1	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,025	675	350	9.4	11.9	6.7
41 Wholesale trade	645	335	310	5.9	5.9	5.9
44-45 Retail trade	1,015	480	540	9.3	8.5	10.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,130	810	320	10.3	14.3	6.1
51 Information and cultural industries	335	205	130	3.1	3.6	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	445	225	220	4.1	4.0	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	290	190	105	2.7	3.3	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,040	540	500	9.5	9.5	9.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	485	265	225	4.4	4.7	4.3
61 Educational services	985	300	680	9.0	5.3	13.0
62 Health care and social assistance	965	200	765	8.8	3.5	14.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	265	155	105	2.4	2.7	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	615	370	245	5.6	6.5	4.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	415	160	255	3.8	2.8	4.9
91 Public administration	475	230	245	4.3	4.0	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,365	5,900	5,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,190	1,725	1,460	28.1	29.2	26.7
French	1,670	840	825	14.7	14.2	15.1
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	6,025	3,040	2,980	53.0	51.5	54.5
English and non-official language(s)	150	70	75	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	35	30	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	165	105	2.4	2.8	1.9
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,365	5,900	5,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,700	5,020	4,680	85.3	85.1	85.6
Official languages	9,615	4,970	4,645	84.6	84.2	85.0
English	5,890	3,095	2,795	51.8	52.5	51.1
French	3,725	1,880	1,850	32.8	31.9	33.9
Non-official languages	80	50	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	50	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,665	880	790	14.7	14.9	14.5
English and French	1,585	830	750	13.9	14.1	13.7
English and non-official language(s)	50	40	20	0.4	0.7	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,365	5,900	5,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	6,445	3,405	3,040	56.7	57.7	55.6
English	2,015	995	1,020	17.7	16.9	18.7
French	2,570	1,295	1,275	22.6	21.9	23.3
Non-official language	175	90	85	1.5	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	85	80	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	75	55	15	0.7	0.9	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,810	5,110	4,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,875	1,350	1,520	29.3	26.4	32.3
Worked outside Canada	45	35	10	0.5	0.7	0.2
No fixed workplace address	800	565	230	8.2	11.1	4.9
Usual place of work	6,095	3,155	2,940	62.1	61.7	62.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,090	3,155	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,610	830	780	26.4	26.3	26.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,015	2,030	1,985	65.9	64.3	67.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	455	280	175	7.5	8.9	5.9
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,895	3,725	3,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,285	2,970	2,315	76.6	79.7	73.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,890	2,830	2,060	70.9	76.0	65.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	395	140	255	5.7	3.8	8.0
Public transit	960	440	520	13.9	11.8	16.4
Walked	370	165	210	5.4	4.4	6.6
Bicycle	115	75	40	1.7	2.0	1.3
Other method	165	70	90	2.4	1.9	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,895	3,725	3,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,750	890	860	25.4	23.9	27.1
15 to 29 minutes	3,065	1,690	1,380	44.5	45.4	43.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,180	680	495	17.1	18.3	15.6
45 to 59 minutes	460	245	215	6.7	6.6	6.8
60 minutes and over	435	220	220	6.3	5.9	6.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,895	3,725	3,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	390	255	135	5.7	6.8	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,050	605	445	15.2	16.2	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,835	925	910	26.6	24.8	28.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,525	740	785	22.1	19.9	24.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,065	525	545	15.4	14.1	17.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,030	675	345	14.9	18.1	10.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,260	1,660	1,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,755	900	860	53.8	54.2	53.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,495	765	740	45.9	46.1	46.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,435	1,240	1,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,315	670	645	54.0	54.0	54.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,075	560	515	44.1	45.2	43.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	110	120	9.9	8.9	10.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120	570	555	46.0	46.0	46.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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