Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Dollard-Des Ormeaux, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	48,403	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	48,899	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.0	...	...	- 1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	17,763	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,383	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,230.2	...	...	3,230.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14.98	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	48,405	23,590	24,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,890	4,050	3,840	16.3	17.2	15.5
0 to 4 years	2,245	1,135	1,105	4.6	4.8	4.5
5 to 9 years	2,675	1,385	1,290	5.5	5.9	5.2
10 to 14 years	2,970	1,525	1,445	6.1	6.5	5.8
15 to 64 years	30,235	14,840	15,395	62.5	62.9	62.0
15 to 19 years	3,035	1,550	1,490	6.3	6.6	6.0
20 to 24 years	3,205	1,680	1,525	6.6	7.1	6.1
25 to 29 years	2,625	1,390	1,235	5.4	5.9	5.0
30 to 34 years	2,480	1,185	1,300	5.1	5.0	5.2
35 to 39 years	2,785	1,355	1,420	5.8	5.7	5.7
40 to 44 years	3,005	1,405	1,605	6.2	6.0	6.5
45 to 49 years	3,035	1,430	1,605	6.3	6.1	6.5
50 to 54 years	3,220	1,525	1,690	6.7	6.5	6.8
55 to 59 years	3,515	1,735	1,780	7.3	7.4	7.2
60 to 64 years	3,325	1,580	1,740	6.9	6.7	7.0
65 years and over	10,275	4,700	5,575	21.2	19.9	22.5
65 to 69 years	3,025	1,400	1,630	6.2	5.9	6.6
70 to 74 years	2,785	1,315	1,470	5.8	5.6	5.9
75 to 79 years	2,000	940	1,065	4.1	4.0	4.3
80 to 84 years	1,270	570	695	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	1,195	485	715	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 to 89 years	700	300	395	1.4	1.3	1.6
90 to 94 years	420	170	255	0.9	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.2	15.5	16.3	17.2	15.5
15 to 64 years	62.5	62.9	62.0	62.5	62.9	62.0
65 years and over	21.2	19.9	22.5	21.2	19.9	22.5
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.9
Average age of the population	42.7	41.7	43.7	42.7	41.7	43.7
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	44.8	43.6	42.0	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,860	...	...	56.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	355	...	...	2.0	...	...
Row house	2,895	...	...	16.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,805	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,430	...	...	8.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,700	...	...	21.3	...	...
2 persons	5,370	...	...	30.9	...	...
3 persons	2,960	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	3,215	...	...	18.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,125	...	...	12.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	47,925	23,425	24,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,515	19,545	20,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	23,680	11,810	11,870	58.4	60.4	56.6
Married	21,440	10,690	10,745	52.9	54.7	51.2
Living common-law	2,235	1,115	1,120	5.5	5.7	5.3
Living common law - Never married	1,530	755	780	3.8	3.9	3.7
Living common law - Separated	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	575	295	285	1.4	1.5	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	16,840	7,735	9,105	41.6	39.6	43.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,545	6,195	5,350	28.5	31.7	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	655	235	420	1.6	1.2	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,385	820	1,565	5.9	4.2	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,255	490	1,760	5.6	2.5	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,815	...	...	42.3	...	...
3 persons	3,060	...	...	22.3	...	...
4 persons	3,300	...	...	24.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,570	...	...	11.4	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,595	...	...	84.3	...	...
Married couples	10,480	...	...	76.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,555	...	...	47.7	...	...
Without children	3,925	...	...	28.5	...	...
Common-law couples	1,115	...	...	8.1	...	...
With children⁶	490	...	...	3.6	...	...
Without children	620	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,150	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,715	...	...	12.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	435	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,925	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	42,370	21,050	21,320	88.4	89.9	87.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,190	11,585	11,605	48.4	49.5	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,155	440	1,715	4.5	1.9	7.0
Children⁶	17,025	9,030	7,995	35.5	38.5	32.6
In a two-parent family	13,645	7,165	6,480	28.5	30.6	26.4
In a one-parent family	3,380	1,860	1,515	7.1	7.9	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,555	2,375	3,180	11.6	10.1	13.0
Living alone	3,705	1,545	2,155	7.7	6.6	8.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,145	420	720	2.4	1.8	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	710	400	305	1.5	1.7	1.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,095	...	...	69.6	...	...
Couple-family households	10,390	...	...	59.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,300	...	...	36.2	...	...
Without children	4,095	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,705	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	730	...	...	4.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	375	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	395	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	3,700	...	...	21.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	40,045	19,380	20,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,380	18,570	19,805	95.8	95.8	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,400	36,800	39,200	42,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,385	18,570	19,810	95.9	95.8	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	33,200	35,200	37,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,435	16,970	17,465	86.0	87.6	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,200	26,600	31,400	37,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,655	14,165	13,495	69.1	73.1	65.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,800	33,600	38,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,590	14,345	17,245	78.9	74.0	83.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	11,200	12,800	12,100	11,200	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,735	1,680	2,055	9.3	8.7	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,480	5,960	5,680	5,480	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,095	6,775	6,315	32.7	35.0	30.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	40,045	19,390	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,435	18,620	19,810	96.0	96.0	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950	65,100	45,360	54,950	65,100	45,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,435	18,620	19,820	96.0	96.0	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,400	37,960	43,480	49,400	37,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,605	17,085	17,525	86.4	88.1	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,480	61,100	38,160	49,480	61,100	38,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,660	14,215	13,440	69.1	73.3	65.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	61,350	40,040	51,000	61,350	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,375	14,190	17,190	78.3	73.2	83.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,710	11,900	13,380	12,710	11,900	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,630	1,720	1,915	9.1	8.9	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,875	7,830	6,900	5,875	7,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,000	6,670	6,330	32.5	34.4	30.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,220	9,200	9,230	9,220	9,200	9,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	40,045	19,390	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,850	7,035	5,815	32.1	36.3	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,000	54,800	62,000	71,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,400	97,000	64,600	82,400	97,000	64,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,505	5,495	6,015	28.7	28.3	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	17,600	14,800	15,900	17,600	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	29,480	23,120	26,160	29,480	23,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	86.0	74.4	81.2	86.0	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	72.0	59.9	66.8	72.0	59.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.9	13.9	25.6	18.9	13.9	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.2	0.8	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.5	7.4	6.3	5.5	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	5.1	6.5	5.7	5.1	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	40,045	19,385	20,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,665	810	850	4.2	4.2	4.1
With total income	38,380	18,570	19,810	95.8	95.8	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,370	1,475	1,895	8.8	7.9	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,830	2,090	2,740	12.6	11.3	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,410	2,935	3,480	16.7	15.8	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,940	2,270	2,675	12.9	12.2	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,285	1,980	2,305	11.2	10.7	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	1,480	1,835	8.6	8.0	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,420	1,175	1,245	6.3	6.3	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,850	945	905	4.8	5.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	760	720	3.9	4.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	615	540	3.0	3.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,330	2,860	1,470	11.3	15.4	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	2,670	1,610	1,060	7.0	8.7	5.4
$150,000 and over	1,660	1,250	410	4.3	6.7	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	40,045	19,385	20,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,660	810	850	4.1	4.2	4.1
With after-tax income	38,380	18,570	19,810	95.8	95.8	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,570	1,535	2,030	9.3	8.3	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,090	2,235	2,855	13.3	12.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,495	3,485	4,005	19.5	18.8	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,925	2,755	3,170	15.4	14.8	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,805	2,210	2,600	12.5	11.9	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,410	1,620	1,790	8.9	8.7	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,360	1,195	1,165	6.1	6.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680	865	810	4.4	4.7	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	665	500	3.0	3.6	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	745	440	300	1.9	2.4	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,140	1,565	580	5.6	8.4	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	970	655	320	2.5	3.5	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,175	910	260	3.1	4.9	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	40,045	19,385	20,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	12,390	5,220	7,165	30.9	26.9	34.7
With employment income	27,660	14,160	13,495	69.1	73.0	65.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,240	2,110	2,125	15.3	14.9	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	2,645	1,185	1,455	9.6	8.4	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,465	1,650	1,815	12.5	11.7	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,610	1,235	1,375	9.4	8.7	10.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,440	1,115	1,320	8.8	7.9	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,400	1,155	1,245	8.7	8.2	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,860	910	950	6.7	6.4	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,470	755	715	5.3	5.3	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	655	555	4.4	4.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,245	645	595	4.5	4.6	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	775	445	330	2.8	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,305	2,300	1,010	11.9	16.2	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,300	810	490	4.7	5.7	3.6
$125,000 and over	2,005	1,485	515	7.2	10.5	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	40,045	19,380	20,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,405	18,090	19,315	93.4	93.3	93.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	34,000	37,200	41,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,430	18,095	19,335	93.5	93.4	93.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,400	30,800	33,200	36,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,080	16,795	17,285	85.1	86.7	83.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,800	33,600	39,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,705	14,180	13,530	69.2	73.2	65.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,000	31,400	35,200	40,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,195	12,475	15,725	70.4	64.4	76.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	3,480	8,500	6,240	3,480	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,355	1,010	1,345	5.9	5.2	6.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,240	6,700	5,200	4,240	6,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	40,045	19,390	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,430	18,125	19,295	93.5	93.5	93.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,100	61,950	42,880	52,100	61,950	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,435	18,135	19,300	93.5	93.5	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	47,440	35,840	41,480	47,440	35,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,085	16,810	17,275	85.1	86.7	83.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,880	61,100	38,920	49,880	61,100	38,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,625	14,170	13,455	69.0	73.1	65.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,480	60,250	40,200	50,480	60,250	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,015	12,370	15,650	70.0	63.8	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,960	7,750	9,910	8,960	7,750	9,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,210	975	1,235	5.5	5.0	6.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,430	6,460	10,000	8,430	6,460	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	40,045	19,390	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,765	6,985	5,780	31.9	36.0	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	67,000	51,200	58,400	67,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300	90,300	59,500	76,300	90,300	59,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,750	5,175	5,575	26.8	26.7	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	23,800	20,600	21,800	23,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	35,600	28,720	32,040	35,600	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.4	81.2	87.2	91.4	81.2
Employment income (%)	71.4	76.0	65.4	71.4	76.0	65.4
Government transfers (%)	12.9	8.5	18.7	12.9	8.5	18.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,400	...	...	121,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,200	...	...	54,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,560	...	...	43,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	550	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	480	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	480	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	550	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	580	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	555	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,150	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,110	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,070	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,000	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,270	...	...	47.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,210	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,615	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,090	...	...	12.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,350	...	...	13.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	585	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	585	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	685	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	695	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,375	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,335	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,285	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,295	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,160	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,550	...	...	37.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,235	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,610	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,705	...	...	15.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,410	1,955	2,460	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	40,400	37,600	38,800	40,400	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,600	34,000	34,800	35,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...	87,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,200	...	...	169,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,380	2,075	2,300	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,440	53,450	47,720	50,440	53,450	47,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,840	42,240	39,600	40,840	42,240	39,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,925	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,755	5,005	4,755	20.4	21.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	2,760	1,400	1,355	5.8	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	28,340	13,870	14,470	59.1	59.2	59.1
65 years and over	9,830	4,555	5,275	20.5	19.4	21.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,985	1,880	2,100	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	785	415	370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	145	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,975	990	980	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,225	475	755	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	8.0	8.6	8.3	8.0	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.3	7.8	8.0	8.3	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	10.4	7.5	9.0	10.4	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	7.2	6.8	7.0	7.2	6.8
65 years and over (%)	12.5	10.4	14.3	12.5	10.4	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	47,925	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,750	5,000	4,750	20.3	21.3	19.4
0 to 5 years	2,755	1,405	1,355	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	28,345	13,870	14,470	59.1	59.2	59.1
65 years and over	9,835	4,555	5,280	20.5	19.4	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,185	1,075	1,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	415	220	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	70	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,340	690	650	...	...	...
65 years and over	435	165	265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	5.0	3.0	4.1	5.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.0	4.5	4.7	5.0	4.5
65 years and over (%)	4.4	3.6	5.0	4.4	3.6	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,925	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	22,340	10,700	11,635	46.6	45.7	47.5
In bottom decile	3,275	1,565	1,715	6.8	6.7	7.0
In second decile	4,050	1,905	2,145	8.5	8.1	8.8
In third decile	4,710	2,205	2,510	9.8	9.4	10.2
In fourth decile	5,180	2,545	2,640	10.8	10.9	10.8
In fifth decile	5,125	2,495	2,635	10.7	10.7	10.8
In top half of the distribution	25,585	12,725	12,865	53.4	54.3	52.5
In sixth decile	5,330	2,615	2,710	11.1	11.2	11.1
In seventh decile	5,075	2,520	2,555	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	5,190	2,590	2,605	10.8	11.1	10.6
In ninth decile	4,890	2,435	2,455	10.2	10.4	10.0
In top decile	5,105	2,570	2,535	10.7	11.0	10.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,925	...	...	47,925	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.350	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.468	...	...	0.468	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	48,200	23,525	24,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	13,190	6,430	6,760	27.4	27.3	27.4
French only	2,280	930	1,350	4.7	4.0	5.5
English and French	31,645	15,775	15,870	65.7	67.1	64.3
Neither English nor French	1,080	395	690	2.2	1.7	2.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	48,200	23,525	24,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	31,460	15,510	15,945	65.3	65.9	64.6
French	10,140	4,825	5,310	21.0	20.5	21.5
English and French	5,555	2,815	2,745	11.5	12.0	11.1
Neither English nor French	1,040	375	670	2.2	1.6	2.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	48,200	23,525	24,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,725	21,305	22,425	90.7	90.6	90.9
Official languages	25,315	12,435	12,875	52.5	52.9	52.2
English	18,120	8,935	9,180	37.6	38.0	37.2
French	7,195	3,500	3,695	14.9	14.9	15.0
Non-official languages	18,415	8,865	9,550	38.2	37.7	38.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,410	8,865	9,545	38.2	37.7	38.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,480	1,765	1,710	7.2	7.5	6.9
Berber languages	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,385	1,715	1,665	7.0	7.3	6.7
Amharic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,065	1,555	1,515	6.4	6.6	6.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	295	155	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	140	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	245	110	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,125	460	665	2.3	2.0	2.7
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	915	375	545	1.9	1.6	2.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	300	135	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian Creole	200	85	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	995	495	495	2.1	2.1	2.0
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	930	465	465	1.9	2.0	1.9
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,230	4,940	5,285	21.2	21.0	21.4
Albanian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	410	205	210	0.9	0.9	0.9
Balto-Slavic languages	1,290	590	700	2.7	2.5	2.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,275	585	695	2.6	2.5	2.8
Belarusian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	385	165	215	0.8	0.7	0.9
Russian	525	235	290	1.1	1.0	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	90	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	310	140	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	250	120	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	200	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,050	505	545	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,950	2,005	1,950	8.2	8.5	7.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,025	1,520	1,505	6.3	6.5	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	695	325	370	1.4	1.4	1.5
Hindi	285	140	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,215	650	570	2.5	2.8	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	615	300	315	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	925	485	440	1.9	2.1	1.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	900	465	430	1.9	2.0	1.7
Dari	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	730	375	360	1.5	1.6	1.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,185	1,490	1,695	6.6	6.3	6.9
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,205	550	650	2.5	2.3	2.6
Portuguese	280	130	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	550	270	280	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	1,150	540	610	2.4	2.3	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,435	685	755	3.0	2.9	3.1
Chinese languages	1,435	680	755	3.0	2.9	3.1
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,025	485	535	2.1	2.1	2.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	165	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	155	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,470	2,225	2,245	9.3	9.5	9.1
English and French	1,280	685	600	2.7	2.9	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,700	835	865	3.5	3.5	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	625	300	325	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	675	325	350	1.4	1.4	1.4
Multiple non-official languages	190	80	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	48,200	23,525	24,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,700	9,730	9,970	40.9	41.4	40.4
French	4,460	2,160	2,305	9.3	9.2	9.3
Non-official language	5,555	2,690	2,865	11.5	11.4	11.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,555	2,690	2,865	11.5	11.4	11.6
English and French	4,125	2,105	2,020	8.6	8.9	8.2
English and non-official language(s)	7,220	3,520	3,700	15.0	15.0	15.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,595	705	885	3.3	3.0	3.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	5,150	2,430	2,715	10.7	10.3	11.0
Multiple non-official languages	400	185	215	0.8	0.8	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	48,200	23,525	24,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,140	21,075	22,060	89.5	89.6	89.4
Official languages	32,440	15,880	16,560	67.3	67.5	67.1
English	25,925	12,775	13,145	53.8	54.3	53.3
French	6,520	3,105	3,415	13.5	13.2	13.8
Non-official languages	10,695	5,195	5,500	22.2	22.1	22.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,695	5,195	5,500	22.2	22.1	22.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,945	940	1,005	4.0	4.0	4.1
Berber languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,905	925	980	4.0	3.9	4.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,825	890	935	3.8	3.8	3.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	665	300	370	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	545	240	305	1.1	1.0	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	790	390	400	1.6	1.7	1.6
Kannada	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	760	375	380	1.6	1.6	1.5
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,600	2,750	2,850	11.6	11.7	11.6
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	240	110	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Balto-Slavic languages	705	325	380	1.5	1.4	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	705	325	380	1.5	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	185	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	365	175	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	370	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
Indo-Iranian languages	2,900	1,465	1,435	6.0	6.2	5.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,150	1,090	1,065	4.5	4.6	4.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	480	225	250	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hindi	185	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	500	450	2.0	2.1	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	425	215	205	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	745	380	370	1.5	1.6	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	730	370	360	1.5	1.6	1.5
Dari	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	595	290	300	1.2	1.2	1.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,350	655	690	2.8	2.8	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	120	60	65	0.2	0.3	0.3
Romanian	355	175	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	690	335	355	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,095	535	565	2.3	2.3	2.3
Chinese languages	1,095	535	565	2.3	2.3	2.3
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	835	405	430	1.7	1.7	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	110	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,060	2,455	2,610	10.5	10.4	10.6
English and French	1,320	665	655	2.7	2.8	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,265	1,100	1,165	4.7	4.7	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	635	300	335	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	785	360	425	1.6	1.5	1.7
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	48,200	23,525	24,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,305	16,325	16,980	69.1	69.4	68.8
English	3,550	1,755	1,795	7.4	7.5	7.3
French	3,310	1,650	1,660	6.9	7.0	6.7
Non-official language	4,025	1,890	2,135	8.4	8.0	8.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,025	1,890	2,135	8.4	8.0	8.7
English and French	1,255	615	640	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	925	435	495	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	1,345	620	720	2.8	2.6	2.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	315	155	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,925	23,425	24,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	46,970	23,095	23,875	98.0	98.6	97.5
English	44,730	22,140	22,590	93.3	94.5	92.2
French	33,860	16,580	17,280	70.7	70.8	70.5
Non-official languages	26,930	13,115	13,820	56.2	56.0	56.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,925	13,115	13,815	56.2	56.0	56.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,915	3,475	3,440	14.4	14.8	14.0
Berber languages	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kabyle	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,850	3,440	3,410	14.3	14.7	13.9
Amharic	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5,565	2,810	2,755	11.6	12.0	11.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,355	685	675	2.8	2.9	2.8
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	440	230	210	0.9	1.0	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	335	170	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,750	735	1,015	3.7	3.1	4.1
Bikol	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	195	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,705	700	1,005	3.6	3.0	4.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	830	375	465	1.7	1.6	1.9
Haitian Creole	625	290	340	1.3	1.2	1.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	120	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	1,340	670	675	2.8	2.9	2.8
Kannada	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Malayalam	115	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	1,200	590	610	2.5	2.5	2.5
Telugu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,585	7,140	7,435	30.4	30.5	30.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	535	280	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,635	775	860	3.4	3.3	3.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,630	775	855	3.4	3.3	3.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	485	235	245	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	760	345	415	1.6	1.5	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	195	85	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	725	335	390	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	665	310	355	1.4	1.3	1.4
German	510	225	285	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,710	860	855	3.6	3.7	3.5
Indo-Iranian languages	5,150	2,640	2,505	10.7	11.3	10.2
Indo-Aryan languages	4,090	2,095	2,000	8.5	8.9	8.2
Assamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Gujarati	1,095	500	590	2.3	2.1	2.4
Hindi	1,785	865	920	3.7	3.7	3.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,855	1,040	805	3.9	4.4	3.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Urdu	680	350	335	1.4	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,090	570	525	2.3	2.4	2.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,060	540	515	2.2	2.3	2.1
Dari	145	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian Persian	870	440	430	1.8	1.9	1.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,515	2,575	2,940	11.5	11.0	12.0
Catalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,110	1,020	1,090	4.4	4.4	4.4
Portuguese	420	205	210	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	815	400	415	1.7	1.7	1.7
Spanish	2,610	1,150	1,460	5.4	4.9	6.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	170	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	175	185	0.8	0.7	0.8
Akan (Twi)	170	80	85	0.4	0.3	0.3
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	25	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,685	850	835	3.5	3.6	3.4
Chinese languages	1,665	840	830	3.5	3.6	3.4
Hakka	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	1,250	640	610	2.6	2.7	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	510	245	260	1.1	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	290	140	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	240	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	215	95	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	200	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,925	23,430	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	230	125	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	215	120	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	47,695	23,300	24,390	99.5	99.4	99.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,925	23,430	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,870	23,400	24,470	99.9	99.9	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,080	...	...	75.3	...	...
Renter	4,305	...	...	24.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,160	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not condominium	14,225	...	...	81.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	1,410	...	...	8.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,715	...	...	15.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,155	...	...	29.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,990	...	...	46.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,850	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 rooms	1,910	...	...	11.0	...	...
6 rooms	1,865	...	...	10.7	...	...
7 rooms	2,465	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,290	...	...	41.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	16,825	...	...	96.8	...	...
More than one person per room	560	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,350	...	...	94.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,030	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	975	...	...	5.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,735	...	...	61.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,355	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,290	...	...	7.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	835	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	575	...	...	3.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	375	...	...	2.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	245	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,160	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,220	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,100	...	...	46.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,420	...	...	48.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	860	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...	0.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,205	...	...	6.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,740	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,420	...	...	19.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,865	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,410	...	...	19.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,910	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	675	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,270	...	...	82.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,055	...	...	17.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,755	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,810	...	...	27.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,660	...	...	15.3	...	...
Not suitable only	805	...	...	4.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	850	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,570	...	...	72.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	980	...	...	5.8	...	...
Not in core need	16,050	...	...	94.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,075	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,458	...	...	1,458	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	603,000	...	...	603,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.4	...	...	33.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,121	...	...	1,121	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,925	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	310	155	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	300	145	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	125	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	47,560	23,250	24,315	99.2	99.3	99.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,930	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,725	21,410	22,310	91.2	91.4	91.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,020	4,550	4,470	18.8	19.4	18.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,705	16,865	17,840	72.4	72.0	72.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,205	2,020	2,190	8.8	8.6	8.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,930	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	27,490	13,570	13,915	57.4	57.9	56.8
Immigrants⁸¹	19,380	9,225	10,155	40.4	39.4	41.4
Before 1980	4,925	2,370	2,550	10.3	10.1	10.4
1980 to 1990	3,145	1,540	1,605	6.6	6.6	6.6
1991 to 2000	3,715	1,660	2,055	7.8	7.1	8.4
2001 to 2010	3,960	1,940	2,020	8.3	8.3	8.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,645	1,720	1,930	7.6	7.3	7.9
2011 to 2015	1,780	860	915	3.7	3.7	3.7
2016 to 2021	1,865	860	1,010	3.9	3.7	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,055	625	430	2.2	2.7	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,385	9,230	10,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,670	855	815	8.6	9.3	8.0
5 to 14 years	2,950	1,480	1,475	15.2	16.0	14.5
15 to 24 years	4,035	1,750	2,280	20.8	19.0	22.5
25 to 44 years	9,300	4,500	4,800	48.0	48.8	47.3
45 years and over	1,430	645	790	7.4	7.0	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,385	9,230	10,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,525	1,080	1,440	13.0	11.7	14.2
Brazil	70	15	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Colombia	150	60	85	0.8	0.7	0.8
El Salvador	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	110	45	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haiti	450	210	235	2.3	2.3	2.3
Jamaica	245	115	130	1.3	1.2	1.3
Mexico	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	140	65	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	255	115	145	1.3	1.2	1.4
United States of America	315	115	195	1.6	1.2	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	690	285	400	3.6	3.1	3.9
Europe	3,675	1,800	1,870	19.0	19.5	18.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	275	135	145	1.4	1.5	1.4
Germany	200	80	120	1.0	0.9	1.2
Greece	455	215	240	2.3	2.3	2.4
Hungary	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italy	460	255	205	2.4	2.8	2.0
Netherlands	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Poland	270	120	150	1.4	1.3	1.5
Portugal	135	60	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romania	565	285	275	2.9	3.1	2.7
Russian Federation	160	75	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	130	55	80	0.7	0.6	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	160	140	1.5	1.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	535	265	275	2.8	2.9	2.7
Africa	3,005	1,505	1,505	15.5	16.3	14.8
Algeria	315	160	160	1.6	1.7	1.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	1,165	590	580	6.0	6.4	5.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	635	325	305	3.3	3.5	3.0
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	770	370	405	4.0	4.0	4.0
Asia	10,160	4,825	5,335	52.4	52.3	52.6
Afghanistan	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	705	350	350	3.6	3.8	3.4
Iraq	160	70	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanon	1,055	520	535	5.4	5.6	5.3
Syria⁸⁹	510	270	240	2.6	2.9	2.4
Turkey	115	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
China⁹⁰	780	385	390	4.0	4.2	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	215	90	125	1.1	1.0	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	105	50	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Taiwan	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	1,635	670	965	8.4	7.3	9.5
Viet Nam	245	110	135	1.3	1.2	1.3
Bangladesh	65	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	2,060	975	1,085	10.6	10.6	10.7
Pakistan	385	230	150	2.0	2.5	1.5
Sri Lanka	685	340	345	3.5	3.7	3.4
Other places of birth in Asia	1,305	605	700	6.7	6.6	6.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,865	855	1,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	75	85	8.6	8.8	8.4
Brazil	25	10	10	1.3	1.2	1.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	25	20	0	1.3	2.3	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
United States of America	45	30	20	2.4	3.5	2.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	25	1.6	1.2	2.5
Europe	95	40	50	5.1	4.7	5.0
France	30	15	10	1.6	1.8	1.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25	2.1	1.8	2.5
Africa	185	90	95	9.9	10.5	9.4
Algeria	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	1.3	1.8	1.0
Egypt	55	30	25	2.9	3.5	2.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	25	30	2.9	2.9	3.0
Nigeria	20	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,420	650	775	76.1	76.0	76.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	35	55	5.1	4.1	5.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	315	155	160	16.9	18.1	15.8
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	35	3.8	4.1	3.5
Iraq	45	20	20	2.4	2.3	2.0
Israel	15	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	2.4	2.3	2.5
Lebanon	45	20	20	2.4	2.3	2.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	45	20	3.5	5.3	2.0
Philippines	325	95	230	17.4	11.1	22.8
Saudi Arabia	50	20	30	2.7	2.3	3.0
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	1.6	1.8	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	225	125	100	12.1	14.6	9.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	40	20	20	2.1	2.3	2.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,925	23,430	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,940	10,070	10,870	43.7	43.0	44.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,485	7,290	7,190	30.2	31.1	29.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,500	6,065	6,435	26.1	25.9	26.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,465	6,855	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,865	3,885	3,975	54.4	56.7	52.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,455	2,040	1,420	23.9	29.8	18.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,405	1,845	2,560	30.5	26.9	33.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,245	1,660	2,580	29.3	24.2	33.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,145	1,225	925	14.8	17.9	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	210	90	120	1.5	1.3	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,465	6,855	7,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,165	670	500	8.1	9.8	6.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,605	715	885	11.1	10.4	11.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	300	120	180	2.1	1.8	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	455	280	180	3.1	4.1	2.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	60	65	0.9	0.9	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,810	5,015	5,795	74.7	73.2	76.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,925	23,430	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	20,780	10,150	10,630	43.4	43.3	43.4
South Asian	5,825	2,960	2,865	12.2	12.6	11.7
Chinese	1,880	900	985	3.9	3.8	4.0
Black	3,385	1,620	1,760	7.1	6.9	7.2
Filipino	2,310	1,010	1,300	4.8	4.3	5.3
Arab	3,775	1,885	1,890	7.9	8.0	7.7
Latin American	805	385	420	1.7	1.6	1.7
Southeast Asian	530	275	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
West Asian	980	500	480	2.0	2.1	2.0
Korean	165	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	370	180	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	735	355	385	1.5	1.5	1.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	27,150	13,280	13,870	56.7	56.7	56.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,925	23,425	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,990	1,960	2,025	8.3	8.4	8.3
English	1,955	895	1,060	4.1	3.8	4.3
Irish	2,505	1,085	1,425	5.2	4.6	5.8
Scottish	1,805	810	995	3.8	3.5	4.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,250	1,530	1,720	6.8	6.5	7.0
German	1,185	585	600	2.5	2.5	2.4
Chinese	1,980	960	1,025	4.1	4.1	4.2
Italian	3,565	1,765	1,800	7.4	7.5	7.3
Indian (India)	3,135	1,530	1,600	6.5	6.5	6.5
Ukrainian	610	265	345	1.3	1.1	1.4
Dutch	200	90	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Polish	2,055	1,070	980	4.3	4.6	4.0
Québécois	640	310	330	1.3	1.3	1.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	665	320	350	1.4	1.4	1.4
Filipino	2,330	1,000	1,325	4.9	4.3	5.4
French Canadian	915	405	510	1.9	1.7	2.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	375	180	200	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Métis	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	735	370	370	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	1,550	735	810	3.2	3.1	3.3
Norwegian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Portuguese	525	265	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	335	160	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	815	390	420	1.7	1.7	1.7
Swedish	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	480	215	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
Acadian	135	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistani	610	340	265	1.3	1.5	1.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	705	335	370	1.5	1.4	1.5
Jewish	3,950	2,000	1,950	8.2	8.5	8.0
Punjabi	480	295	180	1.0	1.3	0.7
Vietnamese	325	155	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,510	795	710	3.2	3.4	2.9
Greek	2,140	1,075	1,065	4.5	4.6	4.3
Jamaican	335	175	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	355	165	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	75	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	1,270	605	665	2.6	2.6	2.7
Lebanese	1,910	970	935	4.0	4.1	3.8
Iranian	780	390	385	1.6	1.7	1.6
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	315	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Danish	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	415	230	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
Austrian	300	130	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belgian	175	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	805	385	420	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hindu	510	255	255	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexican	165	95	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	760	400	355	1.6	1.7	1.4
Croatian	160	95	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japanese	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	170	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Egyptian	1,400	725	675	2.9	3.1	2.8
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	590	290	300	1.2	1.2	1.2
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	1,380	750	630	2.9	3.2	2.6
Czech	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	640	365	280	1.3	1.6	1.1
Guyanese	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afghan	135	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	265	105	160	0.6	0.4	0.7
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	295	155	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	200	115	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkish	280	130	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algerian	260	120	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
Brazilian	90	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	780	410	370	1.6	1.8	1.5
Slovak	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	100	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	75	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	215	75	145	0.4	0.3	0.6
Salvadorean	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	260	125	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	375	175	205	0.8	0.7	0.8
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquin	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	125	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	385	205	180	0.8	0.9	0.7
Chilean	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	185	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Yoruba	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	120	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	120	55	60	0.3	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Israeli	640	315	325	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mohawk	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	210	115	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Barbadian	165	85	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
African American	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	190	80	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	150	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Assyrian	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	80	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jordanian	95	65	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,925	23,430	24,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	455	220	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
Christian	23,000	10,795	12,205	48.0	46.1	49.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,680	1,230	1,450	5.6	5.2	5.9
Anabaptist	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	740	305	430	1.5	1.3	1.8
Baptist	370	165	205	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catholic	13,125	6,225	6,900	27.4	26.6	28.2
Christian Orthodox	3,570	1,785	1,785	7.4	7.6	7.3
Jehovah's Witness	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	455	185	270	0.9	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	170	80	85	0.4	0.3	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	295	105	190	0.6	0.4	0.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,225	550	675	2.6	2.3	2.8
Hindu	2,845	1,375	1,475	5.9	5.9	6.0
Jewish	7,395	3,665	3,725	15.4	15.6	15.2
Muslim	5,035	2,555	2,475	10.5	10.9	10.1
Sikh	1,360	760	600	2.8	3.2	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	110	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	7,600	3,950	3,655	15.9	16.9	14.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	47,575	23,265	24,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,185	21,545	22,640	92.9	92.6	93.1
Movers	3,395	1,720	1,675	7.1	7.4	6.9
Non-migrants	2,020	1,045	975	4.2	4.5	4.0
Migrants	1,375	675	700	2.9	2.9	2.9
Internal migrants	820	380	435	1.7	1.6	1.8
Intraprovincial migrants	685	320	365	1.4	1.4	1.5
Interprovincial migrants	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	555	295	265	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,810	22,350	23,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,720	15,770	16,950	71.4	70.6	72.3
Movers	13,085	6,580	6,505	28.6	29.4	27.7
Non-migrants	2,770	1,355	1,415	6.0	6.1	6.0
Migrants	10,315	5,230	5,090	22.5	23.4	21.7
Internal migrants	7,895	3,980	3,920	17.2	17.8	16.7
Intraprovincial migrants	7,385	3,705	3,685	16.1	16.6	15.7
Interprovincial migrants	505	270	235	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	2,420	1,250	1,170	5.3	5.6	5.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,045	19,390	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,685	2,775	2,905	14.2	14.3	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,360	16,610	17,745	85.8	85.7	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,960	11,690	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,040	1,155	890	8.5	9.9	7.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,920	10,535	11,385	91.5	90.1	92.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,045	19,390	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,215	2,480	2,735	13.0	12.8	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,000	4,575	4,430	22.5	23.6	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,825	12,335	13,485	64.5	63.6	65.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,735	5,655	6,080	29.3	29.2	29.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,650	1,590	1,060	6.6	8.2	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,835	1,000	840	4.6	5.2	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	815	590	225	2.0	3.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,590	3,435	4,155	19.0	17.7	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,495	630	865	3.7	3.2	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,090	6,680	7,405	35.2	34.5	35.9
Bachelor's degree	9,005	4,165	4,840	22.5	21.5	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,355	610	745	3.4	3.1	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	210	215	1.1	1.1	1.0
Master's degree	2,840	1,400	1,445	7.1	7.2	7.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465	300	170	1.2	1.5	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,965	11,690	12,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,780	1,010	770	7.4	8.6	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,165	2,310	1,855	17.4	19.8	15.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,015	8,370	9,645	75.2	71.6	78.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,360	3,550	3,805	30.7	30.4	31.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,805	1,010	790	7.5	8.6	6.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,230	625	605	5.1	5.3	4.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	575	385	190	2.4	3.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,575	2,115	2,460	19.1	18.1	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	980	430	550	4.1	3.7	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,660	4,820	5,840	44.5	41.2	47.6
Bachelor's degree	6,795	3,015	3,775	28.4	25.8	30.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	415	565	4.1	3.6	4.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	120	160	1.2	1.0	1.3
Master's degree	2,260	1,055	1,210	9.4	9.0	9.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	350	215	130	1.5	1.8	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,040	19,390	20,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,220	7,050	7,165	35.5	36.4	34.7
Education	1,435	260	1,175	3.6	1.3	5.7
13. Education	1,435	260	1,175	3.6	1.3	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	790	275	510	2.0	1.4	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	710	225	485	1.8	1.2	2.3
Humanities	1,645	535	1,110	4.1	2.8	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	30	240	0.7	0.2	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	240	60	180	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	230	440	1.7	1.2	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	155	95	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	35	125	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,740	1,395	2,345	9.3	7.2	11.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	85	175	0.7	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	65	475	1.3	0.3	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	385	145	240	1.0	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	530	100	425	1.3	0.5	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,935	970	965	4.8	5.0	4.7
Business, management and public administration	6,685	3,055	3,635	16.7	15.8	17.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	40	145	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,495	3,015	3,480	16.2	15.5	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,625	800	820	4.1	4.1	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	210	315	1.3	1.1	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	265	255	1.3	1.4	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	50	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
40. Physical sciences	455	275	180	1.1	1.4	0.9
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,475	1,035	440	3.7	5.3	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,210	885	320	3.0	4.6	1.5
25. Library science	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	95	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,435	3,800	635	11.1	19.6	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	2,225	1,785	440	5.6	9.2	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	810	735	75	2.0	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	290	280	15	0.7	1.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	670	645	25	1.7	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	290	280	10	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	225	105	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	3,025	740	2,285	7.6	3.8	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,755	600	2,155	6.9	3.1	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	750	340	410	1.9	1.8	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	470	125	345	1.2	0.6	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	155	25	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,960	11,690	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,945	3,315	2,630	24.8	28.4	21.4
Education	800	110	690	3.3	0.9	5.6
13. Education	800	110	690	3.3	0.9	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	200	350	2.3	1.7	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	495	160	330	2.1	1.4	2.7
Humanities	1,015	335	680	4.2	2.9	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	10	160	0.7	0.1	1.3
23. English language and literature/letters	145	35	105	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	150	265	1.7	1.3	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	35	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
54. History	110	75	40	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	20	75	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,675	960	1,715	11.2	8.2	14.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	75	150	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	430	50	380	1.8	0.4	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	280	90	190	1.2	0.8	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	360	55	305	1.5	0.5	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,315	670	645	5.5	5.7	5.3
Business, management and public administration	4,935	2,135	2,795	20.6	18.3	22.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	30	105	0.5	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,800	2,105	2,685	20.0	18.0	21.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	890	405	485	3.7	3.5	4.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	150	230	1.6	1.3	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	75	100	0.7	0.6	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	305	175	130	1.3	1.5	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,160	840	325	4.8	7.2	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,015	760	260	4.2	6.5	2.1
25. Library science	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,150	2,600	550	13.1	22.2	4.5
04. Architecture and related services	110	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
14. Engineering	1,680	1,295	390	7.0	11.1	3.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	545	480	70	2.3	4.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	190	175	15	0.8	1.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	450	440	15	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	170	155	10	0.7	1.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	160	65	95	0.7	0.6	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	2,105	480	1,625	8.8	4.1	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	50	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,915	390	1,525	8.0	3.3	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	575	250	325	2.4	2.1	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	375	100	280	1.6	0.9	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	100	20	0.5	0.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,960	11,690	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,945	3,315	2,630	24.8	28.4	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	18,015	8,375	9,640	75.2	71.6	78.5
Location of study inside Canada	13,125	6,100	7,025	54.8	52.2	57.2
Same as province or territory of residence	12,295	5,700	6,595	51.3	48.8	53.7
Different than province or territory of residence	830	400	430	3.5	3.4	3.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,890	2,275	2,620	20.4	19.5	21.3
Americas	695	365	330	2.9	3.1	2.7
United States of America	360	195	165	1.5	1.7	1.3
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Peru	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	125	65	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Europe	840	470	375	3.5	4.0	3.1
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	145	95	60	0.6	0.8	0.5
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	35	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Romania	205	105	100	0.9	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	80	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	70	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
Africa	605	280	325	2.5	2.4	2.6
Nigeria	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	100	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Morocco	95	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tunisia	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	290	130	160	1.2	1.1	1.3
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asia	2,730	1,140	1,590	11.4	9.8	13.0
Iran⁸⁸	275	130	145	1.1	1.1	1.2
Iraq	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Israel	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	230	115	115	1.0	1.0	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	100	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Turkey	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	340	135	205	1.4	1.2	1.7
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	615	215	400	2.6	1.8	3.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	615	265	350	2.6	2.3	2.9
Pakistan	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	180	70	105	0.8	0.6	0.9
Oceania	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	40,045	19,390	20,655	...	...	...
In the labour force	25,505	13,250	12,255	...	...	...
Employed	23,000	12,005	10,990	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,505	1,250	1,255	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,540	6,140	8,400	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.7	68.3	59.3	63.7	68.3	59.3
Employment rate	57.4	61.9	53.2	57.4	61.9	53.2
Unemployment rate	9.8	9.4	10.2	9.8	9.4	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	40,040	19,390	20,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,535	6,130	8,405	36.3	31.6	40.7
Worked	25,505	13,255	12,250	63.7	68.4	59.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,265	7,315	5,950	33.1	37.7	28.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,240	5,945	6,295	30.6	30.7	30.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.8	40.5	41.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	25,505	13,250	12,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	305	300	2.4	2.3	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,895	12,945	11,950	97.6	97.7	97.5
Employee	21,085	10,350	10,735	82.7	78.1	87.6
Permanent position	17,940	8,910	9,035	70.3	67.2	73.7
Temporary position	3,145	1,440	1,700	12.3	10.9	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,195	525	665	4.7	4.0	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,945	910	1,035	7.6	6.9	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,810	2,600	1,210	14.9	19.6	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	25,505	13,250	12,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	305	300	2.4	2.3	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,895	12,945	11,950	97.6	97.7	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	500	110	2.4	3.8	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,610	1,990	3,620	22.0	15.0	29.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,675	2,025	650	10.5	15.3	5.3
3 Health occupations	1,845	430	1,415	7.2	3.2	11.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,585	730	1,855	10.1	5.5	15.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	690	340	345	2.7	2.6	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	6,995	3,665	3,325	27.4	27.7	27.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,590	2,365	225	10.2	17.8	1.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	150	130	20	0.6	1.0	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,155	780	380	4.5	5.9	3.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	25,505	13,250	12,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	610	305	300	2.4	2.3	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	24,895	12,945	11,950	97.6	97.7	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
23 Construction	770	625	145	3.0	4.7	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,785	1,835	945	10.9	13.8	7.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,025	1,170	855	7.9	8.8	7.0
44-45 Retail trade	3,100	1,590	1,515	12.2	12.0	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,800	1,310	490	7.1	9.9	4.0
51 Information and cultural industries	565	345	225	2.2	2.6	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,065	500	565	4.2	3.8	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	585	315	270	2.3	2.4	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,870	1,790	1,085	11.3	13.5	8.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,010	525	485	4.0	4.0	4.0
61 Educational services	1,805	500	1,305	7.1	3.8	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,860	595	2,265	11.2	4.5	18.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	330	190	140	1.3	1.4	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,505	745	760	5.9	5.6	6.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,015	520	495	4.0	3.9	4.0
91 Public administration	575	270	305	2.3	2.0	2.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	27,220	14,115	13,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,085	4,805	4,275	33.4	34.0	32.6
French	2,620	1,325	1,285	9.6	9.4	9.8
Non-official language	155	105	45	0.6	0.7	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	105	45	0.6	0.7	0.3
English and French	14,030	7,155	6,880	51.5	50.7	52.5
English and non-official language(s)	570	330	235	2.1	2.3	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	700	360	340	2.6	2.6	2.6
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	27,220	14,115	13,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,890	11,915	10,975	84.1	84.4	83.7
Official languages	22,525	11,695	10,830	82.8	82.9	82.6
English	16,465	8,590	7,875	60.5	60.9	60.1
French	6,060	3,105	2,955	22.3	22.0	22.5
Non-official languages	365	225	145	1.3	1.6	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	365	225	145	1.3	1.6	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	125	75	0.7	0.9	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	80	65	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	80	65	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	60	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	60	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,330	2,200	2,130	15.9	15.6	16.3
English and French	4,125	2,095	2,035	15.2	14.8	15.5
English and non-official language(s)	150	85	70	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	27,220	14,115	13,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	15,960	8,320	7,635	58.6	58.9	58.3
English	3,400	1,760	1,640	12.5	12.5	12.5
French	6,850	3,480	3,370	25.2	24.7	25.7
Non-official language	465	270	200	1.7	1.9	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	465	265	200	1.7	1.9	1.5
English and French	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	155	95	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	260	130	135	1.0	0.9	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	23,000	12,005	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,650	3,380	3,265	28.9	28.2	29.7
Worked outside Canada	50	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,885	1,375	505	8.2	11.5	4.6
Usual place of work	14,420	7,215	7,210	62.7	60.1	65.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,420	7,215	7,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,710	1,165	1,540	18.8	16.1	21.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,555	5,330	5,230	73.2	73.9	72.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,105	680	430	7.7	9.4	6.0
Commute to a different province or territory	55	40	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,300	8,585	7,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,850	7,450	6,400	85.0	86.8	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,565	7,050	5,515	77.1	82.1	71.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,285	400	885	7.9	4.7	11.5
Public transit	1,590	650	940	9.8	7.6	12.2
Walked	440	220	220	2.7	2.6	2.9
Bicycle	80	55	25	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	340	215	130	2.1	2.5	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,300	8,585	7,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,155	2,030	2,130	25.5	23.6	27.6
15 to 29 minutes	6,440	3,515	2,925	39.5	40.9	37.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,630	1,900	1,735	22.3	22.1	22.5
45 to 59 minutes	960	520	445	5.9	6.1	5.8
60 minutes and over	1,115	635	480	6.8	7.4	6.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,300	8,585	7,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	805	620	185	4.9	7.2	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,480	1,485	990	15.2	17.3	12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,915	1,880	2,030	24.0	21.9	26.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,715	1,805	1,905	22.8	21.0	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,935	1,405	1,530	18.0	16.4	19.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,455	1,395	1,065	15.1	16.2	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,960	5,105	4,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,435	2,790	2,645	54.6	54.7	54.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,525	2,315	2,205	45.4	45.3	45.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,560	3,880	3,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,210	2,170	2,040	55.7	55.9	55.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,650	1,885	1,760	48.3	48.6	47.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	285	280	7.5	7.3	7.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,345	1,710	1,635	44.2	44.1	44.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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