Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Deux-Montagnes, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,915	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,496	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,463	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,266	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,947.8	...	...	2,947.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,915	8,765	9,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,265	1,645	1,620	18.2	18.8	17.7
0 to 4 years	985	515	470	5.5	5.9	5.1
5 to 9 years	1,130	570	560	6.3	6.5	6.1
10 to 14 years	1,150	560	585	6.4	6.4	6.4
15 to 64 years	11,630	5,770	5,860	64.9	65.8	64.0
15 to 19 years	1,025	575	455	5.7	6.6	5.0
20 to 24 years	865	450	410	4.8	5.1	4.5
25 to 29 years	945	480	460	5.3	5.5	5.0
30 to 34 years	1,030	515	515	5.7	5.9	5.6
35 to 39 years	1,230	575	650	6.9	6.6	7.1
40 to 44 years	1,365	635	730	7.6	7.2	8.0
45 to 49 years	1,230	630	600	6.9	7.2	6.6
50 to 54 years	1,215	585	630	6.8	6.7	6.9
55 to 59 years	1,350	660	685	7.5	7.5	7.5
60 to 64 years	1,385	655	725	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over	3,020	1,350	1,675	16.9	15.4	18.3
65 to 69 years	1,000	490	505	5.6	5.6	5.5
70 to 74 years	800	355	450	4.5	4.1	4.9
75 to 79 years	605	255	350	3.4	2.9	3.8
80 to 84 years	335	145	190	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	280	105	180	1.6	1.2	2.0
85 to 89 years	180	65	120	1.0	0.7	1.3
90 to 94 years	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
95 to 99 years	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	18.8	17.7	18.2	18.8	17.7
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.8	64.0	64.9	65.8	64.0
65 years and over	16.9	15.4	18.3	16.9	15.4	18.3
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.6	1.2	2.0
Average age of the population	41.2	40.1	42.2	41.2	40.1	42.2
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	43.2	42.4	41.2	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,265	...	...	58.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	525	...	...	7.2	...	...
Row house	285	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	215	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,815	...	...	25.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,975	...	...	27.2	...	...
2 persons	2,505	...	...	34.5	...	...
3 persons	1,255	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	1,045	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	485	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,600	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	14,650	7,120	7,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,525	4,255	4,265	58.2	59.8	56.6
Married	4,860	2,430	2,430	33.2	34.1	32.2
Living common-law	3,660	1,825	1,835	25.0	25.6	24.4
Living common law - Never married	2,960	1,460	1,495	20.2	20.5	19.8
Living common law - Separated	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	620	325	290	4.2	4.6	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	55	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	6,130	2,865	3,265	41.8	40.2	43.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,150	2,235	1,915	28.3	31.4	25.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	205	80	125	1.4	1.1	1.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,070	380	690	7.3	5.3	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	700	170	535	4.8	2.4	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,545	...	...	49.3	...	...
3 persons	1,210	...	...	23.4	...	...
4 persons	1,005	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	405	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,210	...	...	81.6	...	...
Married couples	2,380	...	...	46.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,240	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	1,140	...	...	22.1	...	...
Common-law couples	1,830	...	...	35.5	...	...
With children⁶	975	...	...	18.9	...	...
Without children	855	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	950	...	...	18.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	705	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	250	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,600	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	14,900	7,410	7,495	84.7	85.8	83.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,425	4,205	4,220	47.9	48.7	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	950	245	700	5.4	2.8	7.8
Children⁶	5,530	2,960	2,570	31.4	34.3	28.7
In a two-parent family	4,080	2,170	1,905	23.2	25.1	21.3
In a one-parent family	1,450	790	665	8.2	9.1	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,695	1,235	1,465	15.3	14.3	16.4
Living alone	1,975	845	1,125	11.2	9.8	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	320	145	180	1.8	1.7	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	400	240	160	2.3	2.8	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,775	...	...	65.7	...	...
Couple-family households	3,955	...	...	54.4	...	...
With children⁶	2,085	...	...	28.7	...	...
Without children	1,870	...	...	25.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	820	...	...	11.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	170	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	200	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	1,975	...	...	27.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,925	6,800	7,130	97.1	97.2	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,400	39,200	43,600	48,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,925	6,800	7,130	97.1	97.2	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,800	38,000	41,600	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,630	6,320	6,310	88.1	90.4	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	30,200	36,800	43,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,695	5,510	5,185	74.6	78.8	70.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,600	34,000	39,600	45,600	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,185	5,045	6,135	78.0	72.1	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	8,900	11,900	10,500	8,900	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,825	900	925	12.7	12.9	12.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,640	5,480	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,150	2,180	1,970	29.0	31.2	26.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,930	6,840	7,090	97.2	97.8	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	59,850	45,480	52,550	59,850	45,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,930	6,840	7,090	97.2	97.8	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	47,480	38,560	42,920	47,480	38,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,670	6,325	6,345	88.4	90.4	86.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,080	55,950	38,280	47,080	55,950	38,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,695	5,490	5,210	74.6	78.5	71.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	51,120	40,560	45,960	51,120	40,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,250	5,120	6,130	78.5	73.2	83.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,030	10,870	13,000	12,030	10,870	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,780	870	910	12.4	12.4	12.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,890	7,740	6,840	5,890	7,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,140	2,145	1,995	28.9	30.7	27.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,260	8,350	7,780	7,260	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,330	7,000	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,350	2,905	2,445	37.3	41.5	33.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,500	54,400	60,000	66,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	72,400	60,550	67,000	72,400	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,260	1,995	2,265	29.7	28.5	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,200	17,600	19,000	23,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,280	31,920	25,040	28,280	31,920	25,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	86.4	75.4	81.6	86.4	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	68.6	65.4	67.2	68.6	65.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	13.6	24.7	18.5	13.6	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.3	2.2	1.7	1.3	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.2	6.2	5.1	4.2	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.2	4.4	3.8	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	405	195	210	2.8	2.8	2.9
With total income	13,925	6,795	7,130	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,005	460	545	7.2	6.8	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,500	625	870	10.8	9.2	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,020	815	1,210	14.5	12.0	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,800	765	1,030	12.9	11.3	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,785	850	935	12.8	12.5	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,490	710	775	10.7	10.4	10.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,180	610	570	8.5	9.0	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	860	485	370	6.2	7.1	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	740	410	335	5.3	6.0	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	440	275	170	3.2	4.0	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,110	795	320	8.0	11.7	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	870	610	260	6.2	9.0	3.6
$150,000 and over	240	180	55	1.7	2.6	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	405	195	210	2.8	2.8	2.9
With after-tax income	13,925	6,795	7,130	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,050	470	580	7.5	6.9	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,580	660	920	11.3	9.7	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,440	990	1,445	17.5	14.6	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,305	1,085	1,225	16.6	16.0	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,140	1,040	1,100	15.4	15.3	15.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,595	835	760	11.5	12.3	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	625	525	8.2	9.2	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	680	395	285	4.9	5.8	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	430	280	150	3.1	4.1	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	205	155	50	1.5	2.3	0.7
$100,000 and over	355	270	90	2.5	4.0	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	215	155	55	1.5	2.3	0.8
$125,000 and over	145	110	35	1.0	1.6	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,640	1,485	2,155	25.4	21.2	29.4
With employment income	10,695	5,510	5,180	74.6	78.8	70.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,310	665	645	12.2	12.1	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	805	345	460	7.5	6.3	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,230	525	700	11.5	9.5	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,010	445	565	9.4	8.1	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,060	465	595	9.9	8.4	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,090	515	570	10.2	9.3	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	955	495	455	8.9	9.0	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	760	420	340	7.1	7.6	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	640	390	250	6.0	7.1	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	605	335	265	5.7	6.1	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	345	240	100	3.2	4.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	895	655	240	8.4	11.9	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	520	365	150	4.9	6.6	2.9
$125,000 and over	370	290	85	3.5	5.3	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,650	6,635	7,010	95.2	94.9	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,000	36,800	42,000	48,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,660	6,635	7,020	95.3	94.9	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,200	32,800	36,800	41,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,490	6,225	6,265	87.1	89.0	85.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	31,600	38,400	45,600	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,735	5,505	5,230	74.9	78.7	71.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	34,800	40,800	47,200	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,885	4,305	5,580	69.0	61.5	76.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	4,600	9,000	7,350	4,600	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,545	750	795	10.8	10.7	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,160	4,920	4,440	4,160	4,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,615	6,650	6,975	95.0	95.1	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	61,450	43,320	52,200	61,450	43,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,635	6,650	6,990	95.1	95.1	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,280	48,360	36,480	42,280	48,360	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,470	6,165	6,305	87.0	88.1	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	60,700	39,000	49,760	60,700	39,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,690	5,435	5,255	74.6	77.7	71.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	52,750	40,440	46,680	52,750	40,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,960	4,355	5,605	69.5	62.3	76.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,070	7,870	10,000	9,070	7,870	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,470	710	760	10.3	10.2	10.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,310	8,280	6,850	5,310	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,330	7,000	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,315	2,865	2,445	37.1	40.9	33.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	63,200	50,000	57,200	63,200	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	70,200	56,200	63,750	70,200	56,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,035	1,875	2,160	28.2	26.8	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	30,200	22,400	24,600	30,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,960	39,400	29,240	33,960	39,400	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	91.6	81.4	87.2	91.6	81.4
Employment income (%)	70.2	70.2	70.4	70.2	70.2	70.4
Government transfers (%)	12.7	8.4	18.6	12.7	8.4	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.1	1.4	0.9	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...	100,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,880	...	...	49,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,520	...	...	41,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	290	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	190	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	270	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	310	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	270	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	560	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	510	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	570	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	545	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	480	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,870	...	...	39.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,015	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	730	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	715	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	415	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	310	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	265	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	345	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	375	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	340	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	650	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	690	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	665	...	...	9.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	600	...	...	8.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	535	...	...	7.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,035	...	...	28.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	990	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	540	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	510	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,375	1,090	1,285	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,400	36,400	40,800	46,400	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	40,000	33,200	36,000	40,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,700	...	...	98,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,200	...	...	157,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...	76,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,375	1,140	1,235	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,920	51,500	44,600	47,920	51,500	44,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,080	42,700	37,700	40,080	42,700	37,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,595	8,645	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,880	1,985	1,895	22.1	23.0	21.2
0 to 5 years	1,205	635	575	6.8	7.3	6.4
18 to 64 years	11,000	5,425	5,580	62.5	62.8	62.3
65 years and over	2,715	1,235	1,480	15.4	14.3	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,290	530	760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	240	125	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	40	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	620	280	335	...	...	...
65 years and over	430	120	310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.3	6.1	8.5	7.3	6.1	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7	6.0	7.6	6.7	6.0	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.2	6.0	5.6	5.2	6.0
65 years and over (%)	15.9	9.8	21.0	15.9	9.8	21.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,600	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,880	1,985	1,895	22.0	23.0	21.2
0 to 5 years	1,205	635	570	6.8	7.3	6.4
18 to 64 years	11,000	5,420	5,580	62.5	62.7	62.3
65 years and over	2,715	1,235	1,480	15.4	14.3	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	645	285	355	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	110	50	55	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	10	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	385	200	190	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	35	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.3	4.0	3.7	3.3	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.7	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
65 years and over (%)	5.3	2.8	7.4	5.3	2.8	7.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,600	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,360	4,420	4,940	53.2	51.2	55.2
In bottom decile	1,080	455	630	6.1	5.3	7.0
In second decile	1,650	745	905	9.4	8.6	10.1
In third decile	2,075	995	1,080	11.8	11.5	12.1
In fourth decile	2,265	1,100	1,165	12.9	12.7	13.0
In fifth decile	2,285	1,135	1,150	13.0	13.1	12.8
In top half of the distribution	8,235	4,220	4,020	46.8	48.8	44.9
In sixth decile	2,255	1,125	1,135	12.8	13.0	12.7
In seventh decile	1,920	970	955	10.9	11.2	10.7
In eighth decile	1,785	925	865	10.1	10.7	9.7
In ninth decile	1,410	755	660	8.0	8.7	7.4
In top decile	865	455	410	4.9	5.3	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,600	...	...	17,600	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.241	...	...	0.241	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,870	8,750	9,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	775	380	390	4.3	4.3	4.3
French only	6,590	2,900	3,690	36.9	33.1	40.4
English and French	10,430	5,435	5,000	58.4	62.1	54.8
Neither English nor French	80	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,870	8,750	9,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,725	1,390	1,335	15.2	15.9	14.6
French	14,330	6,940	7,395	80.2	79.3	81.0
English and French	745	385	360	4.2	4.4	3.9
Neither English nor French	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,870	8,750	9,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,140	8,360	8,775	95.9	95.5	96.2
Official languages	15,365	7,495	7,875	86.0	85.7	86.3
English	2,155	1,100	1,055	12.1	12.6	11.6
French	13,210	6,390	6,815	73.9	73.0	74.7
Non-official languages	1,775	870	900	9.9	9.9	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,770	870	895	9.9	9.9	9.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	205	185	2.2	2.3	2.0
Berber languages	45	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	345	175	165	1.9	2.0	1.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	340	175	165	1.9	2.0	1.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,065	530	540	6.0	6.1	5.9
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	110	55	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	710	350	365	4.0	4.0	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	75	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	260	125	135	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	310	145	165	1.7	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	385	350	4.1	4.4	3.8
English and French	425	230	190	2.4	2.6	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	170	80	90	1.0	0.9	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,870	8,750	9,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,990	1,015	975	11.1	11.6	10.7
French	12,380	6,005	6,380	69.3	68.6	69.9
Non-official language	450	215	230	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	450	215	230	2.5	2.5	2.5
English and French	1,595	815	775	8.9	9.3	8.5
English and non-official language(s)	195	90	105	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	685	330	360	3.8	3.8	3.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	540	260	285	3.0	3.0	3.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,870	8,750	9,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,090	8,365	8,725	95.6	95.6	95.6
Official languages	16,155	7,905	8,250	90.4	90.3	90.4
English	2,570	1,300	1,275	14.4	14.9	14.0
French	13,585	6,605	6,975	76.0	75.5	76.4
Non-official languages	935	465	475	5.2	5.3	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	935	465	475	5.2	5.3	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	80	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	145	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	640	325	315	3.6	3.7	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	105	55	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	200	215	2.3	2.3	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	180	85	90	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	185	95	95	1.0	1.1	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	785	380	400	4.4	4.3	4.4
English and French	425	205	225	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	200	100	100	1.1	1.1	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,870	8,750	9,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	15,465	7,550	7,910	86.5	86.3	86.7
English	885	460	430	5.0	5.3	4.7
French	700	365	340	3.9	4.2	3.7
Non-official language	440	195	245	2.5	2.2	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	435	195	240	2.4	2.2	2.6
English and French	125	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	75	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,595	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,500	8,600	8,900	99.5	99.5	99.4
English	11,180	5,810	5,370	63.5	67.2	60.0
French	16,665	8,190	8,480	94.7	94.8	94.7
Non-official languages	3,150	1,485	1,665	17.9	17.2	18.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,145	1,485	1,660	17.9	17.2	18.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	660	370	290	3.8	4.3	3.2
Berber languages	35	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	615	340	275	3.5	3.9	3.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	570	320	250	3.2	3.7	2.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	65	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Haitian Creole	110	55	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,130	955	1,175	12.1	11.1	13.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	350	175	175	2.0	2.0	2.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	175	175	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	230	120	110	1.3	1.4	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	80	55	0.8	0.9	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	125	70	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
German	125	70	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	85	55	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	625	905	8.7	7.2	10.1
Catalan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	80	75	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portuguese	130	30	95	0.7	0.3	1.1
Romanian	270	140	130	1.5	1.6	1.5
Spanish	1,055	405	645	6.0	4.7	7.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	60	0.7	0.6	0.7
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lao	50	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,595	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	335	150	185	1.9	1.7	2.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	315	135	180	1.8	1.6	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	215	85	130	1.2	1.0	1.5
Métis	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	17,260	8,490	8,770	98.1	98.3	97.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,595	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	65	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,465	8,580	8,880	99.3	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,140	...	...	70.8	...	...
Renter	2,125	...	...	29.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	785	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not condominium	6,485	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	625	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,375	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,580	...	...	35.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,685	...	...	23.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,025	...	...	27.9	...	...
5 rooms	1,220	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	1,040	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	970	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,005	...	...	27.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,205	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,045	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	220	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,495	...	...	20.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,585	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,235	...	...	17.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,605	...	...	22.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	350	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	330	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	300	...	...	4.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	370	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,900	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	370	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,640	...	...	50.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,465	...	...	47.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	160	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	130	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	845	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,510	...	...	20.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,425	...	...	19.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,655	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,065	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	520	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,275	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	985	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	935	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,490	...	...	20.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	915	...	...	12.6	...	...
Not suitable only	190	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	305	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,780	...	...	79.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	410	...	...	5.7	...	...
Not in core need	6,800	...	...	94.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.3	...	...	69.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,222	...	...	1,222	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	336,400	...	...	336,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.6	...	...	15.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	944	...	...	944	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,600	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	215	125	90	1.2	1.4	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	215	125	90	1.2	1.4	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	210	120	90	1.2	1.4	1.0
Métis single ancestry	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	655	295	365	3.7	3.4	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	655	295	365	3.7	3.4	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	620	290	330	3.5	3.4	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,720	8,220	8,505	95.0	95.1	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,600	8,645	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,120	8,440	8,675	97.3	97.6	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,760	1,925	1,835	21.4	22.3	20.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,360	6,515	6,845	75.9	75.4	76.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	475	200	280	2.7	2.3	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,600	8,645	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,285	7,510	7,780	86.8	86.9	86.9
Immigrants⁸¹	2,210	1,095	1,110	12.6	12.7	12.4
Before 1980	290	165	120	1.6	1.9	1.3
1980 to 1990	175	100	70	1.0	1.2	0.8
1991 to 2000	290	140	155	1.6	1.6	1.7
2001 to 2010	875	405	465	5.0	4.7	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	580	285	295	3.3	3.3	3.3
2011 to 2015	360	185	170	2.0	2.1	1.9
2016 to 2021	220	95	130	1.3	1.1	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	35	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,210	1,100	1,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	225	135	90	10.2	12.3	8.1
5 to 14 years	385	195	185	17.4	17.7	16.7
15 to 24 years	285	125	165	12.9	11.4	14.9
25 to 44 years	1,195	590	600	54.1	53.6	54.1
45 years and over	115	50	65	5.2	4.5	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,210	1,100	1,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	490	190	300	22.2	17.3	27.0
Brazil	30	10	25	1.4	0.9	2.3
Colombia	85	50	35	3.8	4.5	3.2
El Salvador	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	35	10	25	1.6	0.9	2.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	130	35	100	5.9	3.2	9.0
Peru	30	15	20	1.4	1.4	1.8
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
United States of America	65	20	40	2.9	1.8	3.6
Other places of birth in Americas	80	40	35	3.6	3.6	3.2
Europe	875	450	420	39.6	40.9	37.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	220	95	125	10.0	8.6	11.3
Germany	25	20	10	1.1	1.8	0.9
Greece	30	15	20	1.4	1.4	1.8
Hungary	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.9	1.4	0.9
Netherlands	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
Poland	25	15	10	1.1	1.4	0.9
Portugal	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romania	200	110	90	9.0	10.0	8.1
Russian Federation	65	25	40	2.9	2.3	3.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	15	1.4	1.4	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	40	0	2.0	3.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	155	80	80	7.0	7.3	7.2
Africa	515	270	245	23.3	24.5	22.1
Algeria	85	45	35	3.8	4.1	3.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.4
Egypt	50	30	20	2.3	2.7	1.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	140	75	65	6.3	6.8	5.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	225	110	115	10.2	10.0	10.4
Asia	335	185	145	15.2	16.8	13.1
Afghanistan	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	85	60	30	3.8	5.5	2.7
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	15	1.4	1.8	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	20	1.4	0.9	1.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	50	35	3.8	4.5	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	225	95	125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	0	30	13.3	0.0	24.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	6.7	0.0	12.0
United States of America	10	0	10	4.4	0.0	8.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	80	40	35	35.6	42.1	28.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	25	24.4	31.6	20.0
Africa	60	30	35	26.7	31.6	28.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	6.7	0.0	12.0
Asia	50	25	30	22.2	26.3	24.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	15	13.3	10.5	12.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,595	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,440	1,195	1,240	13.9	13.8	13.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,265	1,090	1,175	12.9	12.6	13.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,895	6,355	6,540	73.3	73.6	73.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,920	930	985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,190	640	550	62.0	68.8	55.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	575	345	230	29.9	37.1	23.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	610	295	315	31.8	31.7	32.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	445	150	290	23.2	16.1	29.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	265	135	135	13.8	14.5	13.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	15	1.3	1.1	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,920	930	985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	150	75	70	7.8	8.1	7.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	170	75	95	8.9	8.1	9.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	15	30	2.6	1.6	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	20	35	2.9	2.2	3.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,490	740	750	77.6	79.6	76.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,595	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,945	975	975	11.1	11.3	10.9
South Asian	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	620	320	300	3.5	3.7	3.4
Filipino	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	495	270	225	2.8	3.1	2.5
Latin American	420	170	255	2.4	2.0	2.8
Southeast Asian	120	90	30	0.7	1.0	0.3
West Asian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,650	7,670	7,980	88.9	88.8	89.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,595	8,645	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,650	2,250	2,400	26.4	26.0	26.8
English	695	405	290	3.9	4.7	3.2
Irish	1,585	810	775	9.0	9.4	8.7
Scottish	895	510	380	5.1	5.9	4.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,495	2,195	2,305	25.5	25.4	25.7
German	390	210	180	2.2	2.4	2.0
Chinese	85	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italian	880	415	465	5.0	4.8	5.2
Indian (India)	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	170	90	80	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dutch	75	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Polish	230	95	140	1.3	1.1	1.6
Québécois	1,880	845	1,035	10.7	9.8	11.6
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	145	75	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Filipino	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
French Canadian	1,205	635	570	6.8	7.3	6.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	290	160	130	1.6	1.9	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	415	200	220	2.4	2.3	2.5
Métis	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	300	155	145	1.7	1.8	1.6
Russian	200	75	120	1.1	0.9	1.3
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	165	60	110	0.9	0.7	1.2
American	140	65	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	205	80	125	1.2	0.9	1.4
Swedish	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	150	55	95	0.9	0.6	1.1
Acadian	260	115	150	1.5	1.3	1.7
Pakistani	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	75	55	0.7	0.9	0.6
Jewish	45	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	70	120	1.1	0.8	1.3
Greek	170	90	75	1.0	1.0	0.8
Jamaican	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	270	140	125	1.5	1.6	1.4
Lebanese	170	80	90	1.0	0.9	1.0
Iranian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	155	80	70	0.9	0.9	0.8
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	80	50	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Belgian	195	85	105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Haitian	225	100	130	1.3	1.2	1.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	160	45	115	0.9	0.5	1.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	115	65	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	15	50	0.4	0.2	0.6
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	130	45	80	0.7	0.5	0.9
Moroccan	110	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.6
Czech	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	70	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Brazilian	50	0	45	0.3	0.0	0.5
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber	60	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	45	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Laotian	60	40	25	0.3	0.5	0.3
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moldovan	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	55	10	50	0.3	0.1	0.6
Norman	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,595	8,640	8,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	10,870	5,170	5,700	61.8	59.8	63.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	990	495	500	5.6	5.7	5.6
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	150	80	65	0.9	0.9	0.7
Baptist	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	8,640	4,100	4,540	49.1	47.5	50.7
Christian Orthodox	435	220	210	2.5	2.5	2.3
Jehovah's Witness	85	30	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Presbyterian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	95	40	60	0.5	0.5	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	285	130	160	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hindu	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jewish	65	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Muslim	655	360	300	3.7	4.2	3.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	40	60	0.5	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	5,845	3,020	2,825	33.2	35.0	31.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,395	8,560	8,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,640	7,650	7,990	89.9	89.4	90.4
Movers	1,755	910	845	10.1	10.6	9.6
Non-migrants	530	245	285	3.0	2.9	3.2
Migrants	1,230	670	560	7.1	7.8	6.3
Internal migrants	1,195	645	550	6.9	7.5	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,175	635	535	6.8	7.4	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
External migrants	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,640	8,140	8,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	10,315	5,140	5,175	62.0	63.1	60.8
Movers	6,325	2,995	3,330	38.0	36.8	39.2
Non-migrants	1,245	540	705	7.5	6.6	8.3
Migrants	5,075	2,455	2,625	30.5	30.2	30.9
Internal migrants	4,835	2,345	2,485	29.1	28.8	29.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,760	2,315	2,455	28.6	28.4	28.9
Interprovincial migrants	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	245	110	135	1.5	1.4	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,335	7,000	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,605	1,475	1,130	18.2	21.1	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,730	5,525	6,205	81.8	78.9	84.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,675	4,715	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,200	725	470	12.4	15.4	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,475	3,985	4,485	87.6	84.5	90.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,335	6,995	7,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,235	1,230	1,005	15.6	17.6	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,290	1,585	1,705	23.0	22.7	23.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,810	4,180	4,625	61.5	59.8	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,760	2,855	2,905	40.2	40.8	39.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,435	1,385	1,050	17.0	19.8	14.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,745	870	880	12.2	12.4	12.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	690	515	170	4.8	7.4	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,735	1,235	1,500	19.1	17.7	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	590	235	355	4.1	3.4	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,045	1,320	1,725	21.2	18.9	23.5
Bachelor's degree	2,055	895	1,160	14.3	12.8	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	75	150	1.6	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	635	280	350	4.4	4.0	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	55	30	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,670	4,710	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	905	535	365	9.4	11.4	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,830	905	925	18.9	19.2	18.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,940	3,275	3,670	71.8	69.5	74.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,285	2,125	2,160	44.3	45.1	43.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,895	1,075	825	19.6	22.8	16.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,365	680	685	14.1	14.4	13.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	535	390	140	5.5	8.3	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,945	865	1,075	20.1	18.4	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	185	255	4.6	3.9	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,660	1,145	1,510	27.5	24.3	30.4
Bachelor's degree	1,795	780	1,015	18.6	16.6	20.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	195	55	140	2.0	1.2	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
Master's degree	545	260	290	5.6	5.5	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	30	0.8	1.0	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,335	6,995	7,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,525	2,820	2,710	38.5	40.3	36.9
Education	545	95	450	3.8	1.4	6.1
13. Education	545	95	450	3.8	1.4	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	185	230	2.9	2.6	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	15	0.3	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	355	145	215	2.5	2.1	2.9
Humanities	450	165	290	3.1	2.4	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	15	80	0.7	0.2	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	225	95	130	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
54. History	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	835	245	595	5.8	3.5	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	50	80	0.9	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	15	160	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	160	45	110	1.1	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	105	15	85	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	245	105	135	1.7	1.5	1.8
Business, management and public administration	2,010	620	1,390	14.0	8.9	19.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	20	80	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,910	595	1,310	13.3	8.5	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	195	170	2.5	2.8	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	35	75	0.8	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	40	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	40	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
40. Physical sciences	115	70	45	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	460	170	4.4	6.6	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	540	440	100	3.8	6.3	1.4
25. Library science	45	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,910	1,740	175	13.3	24.9	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	430	355	75	3.0	5.1	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	335	50	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	375	355	20	2.6	5.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	390	390	0	2.7	5.6	0.0
48. Precision production	275	265	10	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	55	70	0.9	0.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	35	60	0.7	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	905	110	795	6.3	1.6	10.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	845	95	755	5.9	1.4	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	610	310	300	4.3	4.4	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	315	55	260	2.2	0.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	120	15	0.9	1.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	165	140	25	1.2	2.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,675	4,710	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,730	1,440	1,290	28.2	30.6	26.0
Education	415	70	345	4.3	1.5	7.0
13. Education	415	70	345	4.3	1.5	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325	145	175	3.4	3.1	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	280	115	165	2.9	2.4	3.3
Humanities	325	110	215	3.4	2.3	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	15	85	0.9	0.3	1.7
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	60	80	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
54. History	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685	170	510	7.1	3.6	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	40	75	1.1	0.8	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	145	0	145	1.5	0.0	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	145	45	100	1.5	1.0	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	85	10	70	0.9	0.2	1.4
45. Social sciences	175	70	110	1.8	1.5	2.2
Business, management and public administration	1,600	490	1,110	16.5	10.4	22.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	20	75	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,505	470	1,035	15.6	10.0	20.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	135	105	2.5	2.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	30	60	0.9	0.6	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
40. Physical sciences	95	60	35	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	535	395	140	5.5	8.4	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	465	380	80	4.8	8.1	1.6
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.7
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,505	1,375	130	15.6	29.2	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	380	315	65	3.9	6.7	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	290	255	35	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	280	265	10	2.9	5.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	300	0	3.1	6.4	0.0
48. Precision production	220	205	10	2.3	4.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	40	55	0.9	0.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	20	45	0.7	0.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Health and related fields	725	90	630	7.5	1.9	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	675	80	590	7.0	1.7	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	250	250	5.2	5.3	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	40	210	2.6	0.8	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	90	10	1.1	1.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	125	25	1.6	2.7	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	9,675	4,710	4,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,730	1,440	1,290	28.2	30.6	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,945	3,270	3,670	71.8	69.4	74.0
Location of study inside Canada	6,050	2,825	3,225	62.5	60.0	65.0
Same as province or territory of residence	5,915	2,780	3,135	61.1	59.0	63.2
Different than province or territory of residence	135	45	90	1.4	1.0	1.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	890	445	445	9.2	9.4	9.0
Americas	210	90	120	2.2	1.9	2.4
United States of America	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexico	65	25	35	0.7	0.5	0.7
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Colombia	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	390	220	170	4.0	4.7	3.4
Belgium	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	140	85	60	1.4	1.8	1.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Poland	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Romania	100	55	45	1.0	1.2	0.9
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	200	100	105	2.1	2.1	2.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	55	20	25	0.6	0.4	0.5
Morocco	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	65	30	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Asia	90	45	50	0.9	1.0	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,335	6,995	7,340	...	...	...
In the labour force	9,815	5,025	4,790	...	...	...
Employed	9,200	4,700	4,500	...	...	...
Unemployed	620	330	290	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,520	1,970	2,545	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.5	71.8	65.3	68.5	71.8	65.3
Employment rate	64.2	67.2	61.3	64.2	67.2	61.3
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.6	6.1	6.3	6.6	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,335	6,995	7,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,465	1,930	2,535	31.1	27.6	34.6
Worked	9,865	5,065	4,800	68.8	72.4	65.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,445	2,985	2,455	38.0	42.7	33.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,425	2,080	2,345	30.9	29.7	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.6	41.3	41.9	42.6	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,820	5,030	4,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	85	120	2.1	1.7	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,610	4,940	4,670	97.9	98.2	97.5
Employee	8,715	4,410	4,300	88.7	87.7	89.8
Permanent position	7,510	3,830	3,680	76.5	76.1	76.8
Temporary position	1,205	585	620	12.3	11.6	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	410	195	215	4.2	3.9	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	795	390	410	8.1	7.8	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	895	525	365	9.1	10.4	7.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,820	5,030	4,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	85	120	2.1	1.7	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,610	4,940	4,670	97.9	98.2	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	140	120	25	1.4	2.4	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,895	580	1,315	19.3	11.5	27.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,100	850	250	11.2	16.9	5.2
3 Health occupations	650	90	560	6.6	1.8	11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,170	275	895	11.9	5.5	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	340	170	165	3.5	3.4	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	2,205	1,005	1,200	22.5	20.0	25.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,580	1,440	140	16.1	28.6	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	100	75	25	1.0	1.5	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	420	325	95	4.3	6.5	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,820	5,030	4,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	210	85	120	2.1	1.7	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	9,610	4,940	4,670	97.9	98.2	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	95	55	45	1.0	1.1	0.9
23 Construction	710	595	115	7.2	11.8	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,025	720	300	10.4	14.3	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	445	310	135	4.5	6.2	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	1,255	630	620	12.8	12.5	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	535	395	140	5.4	7.9	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	265	145	120	2.7	2.9	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	480	195	285	4.9	3.9	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	125	50	75	1.3	1.0	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	930	540	390	9.5	10.7	8.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	375	230	135	3.8	4.6	2.8
61 Educational services	885	240	645	9.0	4.8	13.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,135	175	960	11.6	3.5	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	145	60	85	1.5	1.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	355	190	165	3.6	3.8	3.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	370	160	210	3.8	3.2	4.4
91 Public administration	400	200	200	4.1	4.0	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,340	5,275	5,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	710	350	355	6.9	6.6	7.0
French	5,655	2,780	2,880	54.7	52.7	56.9
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,805	2,070	1,735	36.8	39.2	34.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	65	1.2	1.1	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,340	5,275	5,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,630	4,865	4,770	93.1	92.2	94.2
Official languages	9,615	4,855	4,755	93.0	92.0	93.9
English	1,500	745	755	14.5	14.1	14.9
French	8,115	4,115	4,000	78.5	78.0	79.0
Non-official languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	705	410	295	6.8	7.8	5.8
English and French	685	410	280	6.6	7.8	5.5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,340	5,275	5,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	7,035	3,510	3,525	68.0	66.5	69.6
English	2,385	1,305	1,080	23.1	24.7	21.3
French	775	385	390	7.5	7.3	7.7
Non-official language	55	35	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	35	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,200	4,700	4,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,275	1,080	1,195	24.7	23.0	26.6
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	945	705	245	10.3	15.0	5.4
Usual place of work	5,965	2,900	3,060	64.8	61.7	68.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,965	2,905	3,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	695	235	460	11.7	8.1	15.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,635	755	880	27.4	26.0	28.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,620	1,900	1,725	60.7	65.4	56.4
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,910	3,605	3,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,930	3,170	2,760	85.8	87.9	83.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,595	3,025	2,565	81.0	83.9	77.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	335	140	195	4.8	3.9	5.9
Public transit	560	235	320	8.1	6.5	9.7
Walked	250	100	150	3.6	2.8	4.5
Bicycle	80	55	15	1.2	1.5	0.5
Other method	105	45	60	1.5	1.2	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,910	3,605	3,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,620	705	910	23.4	19.6	27.5
15 to 29 minutes	2,170	1,090	1,080	31.4	30.2	32.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,705	1,015	695	24.7	28.2	21.0
45 to 59 minutes	690	405	285	10.0	11.2	8.6
60 minutes and over	730	390	340	10.6	10.8	10.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,910	3,605	3,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	870	650	225	12.6	18.0	6.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,295	735	565	18.7	20.4	17.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,745	815	925	25.3	22.6	28.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,215	465	745	17.6	12.9	22.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	770	300	465	11.1	8.3	14.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,020	645	380	14.8	17.9	11.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,955	2,030	1,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	745	405	340	18.8	20.0	17.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,210	1,625	1,590	81.2	80.0	82.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,905	1,480	1,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	305	260	19.4	20.6	18.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430	230	195	14.8	15.5	13.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	75	60	4.6	5.1	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	1,175	1,175	80.9	79.4	82.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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