Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Deux-Montagnes, Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC)More information: Quebec [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	102,052	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	98,203	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,552	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,454	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	420.2	...	...	420.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	242.88	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	102,050	50,375	51,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,975	9,865	9,110	18.6	19.6	17.6
0 to 4 years	5,470	2,885	2,585	5.4	5.7	5.0
5 to 9 years	6,500	3,420	3,085	6.4	6.8	6.0
10 to 14 years	7,000	3,565	3,435	6.9	7.1	6.6
15 to 64 years	64,580	32,090	32,490	63.3	63.7	62.9
15 to 19 years	5,515	2,890	2,625	5.4	5.7	5.1
20 to 24 years	4,600	2,405	2,195	4.5	4.8	4.2
25 to 29 years	5,045	2,515	2,525	4.9	5.0	4.9
30 to 34 years	5,985	2,875	3,115	5.9	5.7	6.0
35 to 39 years	7,000	3,355	3,650	6.9	6.7	7.1
40 to 44 years	7,810	3,860	3,945	7.7	7.7	7.6
45 to 49 years	6,805	3,450	3,360	6.7	6.8	6.5
50 to 54 years	6,535	3,250	3,285	6.4	6.5	6.4
55 to 59 years	7,700	3,855	3,850	7.5	7.7	7.5
60 to 64 years	7,580	3,645	3,940	7.4	7.2	7.6
65 years and over	18,495	8,415	10,080	18.1	16.7	19.5
65 to 69 years	5,985	2,865	3,120	5.9	5.7	6.0
70 to 74 years	5,140	2,385	2,755	5.0	4.7	5.3
75 to 79 years	3,635	1,620	2,010	3.6	3.2	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,000	900	1,110	2.0	1.8	2.1
85 years and over	1,730	650	1,085	1.7	1.3	2.1
85 to 89 years	1,110	430	675	1.1	0.9	1.3
90 to 94 years	520	195	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
95 to 99 years	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	19.6	17.6	18.6	19.6	17.6
15 to 64 years	63.3	63.7	62.9	63.3	63.7	62.9
65 years and over	18.1	16.7	19.5	18.1	16.7	19.5
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.1	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	41.5	40.5	42.5	41.5	40.5	42.5
Median age of the population	42.4	41.6	43.2	42.4	41.6	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,250	...	...	63.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,365	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	675	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,385	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,985	...	...	24.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	450	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,485	...	...	27.7	...	...
2 persons	14,470	...	...	34.9	...	...
3 persons	6,395	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	6,000	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,105	...	...	7.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,080	40,505	42,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,785	24,860	24,925	59.9	61.4	58.6
Married	27,525	13,770	13,760	33.1	34.0	32.3
Living common-law	22,265	11,095	11,165	26.8	27.4	26.2
Living common law - Never married	17,905	8,910	8,995	21.6	22.0	21.1
Living common law - Separated	220	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,735	1,905	1,830	4.5	4.7	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	400	165	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	33,290	15,640	17,645	40.1	38.6	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,285	11,920	10,370	26.8	29.4	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,100	485	610	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,660	2,160	3,505	6.8	5.3	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,245	1,080	3,165	5.1	2.7	7.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,955	...	...	50.8	...	...
3 persons	6,255	...	...	21.3	...	...
4 persons	5,790	...	...	19.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,420	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,560	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	13,430	...	...	45.6	...	...
With children⁶	6,390	...	...	21.7	...	...
Without children	7,035	...	...	23.9	...	...
Common-law couples	11,130	...	...	37.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,100	...	...	20.7	...	...
Without children	5,035	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,860	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,475	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,390	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,490	49,770	50,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	84,685	42,375	42,315	84.3	85.1	83.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,120	24,505	24,610	48.9	49.2	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,860	1,390	3,470	4.8	2.8	6.8
Children⁶	30,710	16,480	14,230	30.6	33.1	28.1
In a two-parent family	23,360	12,470	10,890	23.2	25.1	21.5
In a one-parent family	7,350	4,010	3,340	7.3	8.1	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,800	7,400	8,405	15.7	14.9	16.6
Living alone	11,490	5,210	6,275	11.4	10.5	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,085	905	1,180	2.1	1.8	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,235	1,285	950	2.2	2.6	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,735	...	...	64.5	...	...
Couple-family households	22,665	...	...	54.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,580	...	...	27.9	...	...
Without children	11,085	...	...	26.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,065	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	910	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,020	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,115	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	11,485	...	...	27.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,530	39,915	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,295	38,845	40,455	97.3	97.3	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,000	38,400	43,600	50,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,325	38,855	40,470	97.3	97.3	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,400	38,400	42,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,220	36,265	35,960	88.6	90.9	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,400	29,200	36,400	44,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,225	31,240	28,985	73.9	78.3	69.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	33,600	39,200	46,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,970	29,755	35,215	79.7	74.5	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,500	12,200	11,100	9,500	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,575	5,440	5,135	13.0	13.6	12.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,640	5,480	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,200	12,740	11,460	29.7	31.9	27.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,535	39,910	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,325	38,905	40,420	97.3	97.5	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,350	58,850	44,160	51,350	58,850	44,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,350	38,925	40,425	97.3	97.5	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,360	37,640	42,400	47,360	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,295	36,415	35,885	88.7	91.2	86.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	53,500	36,760	45,200	53,500	36,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,225	31,270	28,955	73.9	78.4	69.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880	52,100	39,160	45,880	52,100	39,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,965	29,675	35,290	79.7	74.4	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,410	11,500	13,180	12,410	11,500	13,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,505	5,505	5,000	12.9	13.8	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,105	7,650	6,840	6,105	7,650
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,065	12,655	11,415	29.5	31.7	27.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760	7,360	8,210	7,760	7,360	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,530	39,915	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,865	16,270	13,590	36.6	40.8	32.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	67,000	52,800	60,400	67,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,500	73,300	58,300	66,500	73,300	58,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,160	11,610	12,550	29.6	29.1	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,400	17,400	20,200	24,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	34,400	24,440	29,240	34,400	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	85.0	74.0	80.2	85.0	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	71.2	63.5	67.8	71.2	63.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.8	14.9	26.1	19.8	14.9	26.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.5	6.3	5.3	4.5	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.1	5.3	4.6	4.1	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,530	39,915	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,235	1,070	1,165	2.7	2.7	2.8
With total income	79,295	38,845	40,450	97.3	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,975	2,065	2,910	6.3	5.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,445	3,190	5,255	10.7	8.2	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,070	4,970	7,105	15.2	12.8	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,200	4,415	5,780	12.9	11.4	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,280	4,820	5,460	13.0	12.4	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,530	4,215	4,315	10.8	10.9	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,675	3,620	3,060	8.4	9.3	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,130	3,080	2,050	6.5	7.9	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,150	2,425	1,730	5.2	6.2	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,620	1,625	995	3.3	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	6,225	4,415	1,810	7.9	11.4	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	4,790	3,310	1,480	6.0	8.5	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,430	1,105	325	1.8	2.8	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,530	39,915	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,205	1,060	1,150	2.7	2.7	2.8
With after-tax income	79,325	38,855	40,465	97.3	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,370	2,165	3,205	6.8	5.6	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,910	3,420	5,495	11.2	8.8	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	14,240	5,940	8,300	18.0	15.3	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	13,155	6,095	7,055	16.6	15.7	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,315	6,160	6,155	15.5	15.9	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,295	5,075	4,215	11.7	13.1	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,570	3,830	2,735	8.3	9.9	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960	2,360	1,595	5.0	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	1,435	805	2.8	3.7	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	835	370	1.5	2.1	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,075	1,535	535	2.6	4.0	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,195	870	330	1.5	2.2	0.8
$125,000 and over	875	665	210	1.1	1.7	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,530	39,915	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,305	8,675	12,635	26.1	21.7	30.4
With employment income	60,225	31,240	28,985	73.9	78.3	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,520	3,905	3,615	12.5	12.5	12.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,415	1,840	2,575	7.3	5.9	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,850	2,950	3,900	11.4	9.4	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,800	2,470	3,330	9.6	7.9	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,935	2,675	3,265	9.9	8.6	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,170	2,935	3,235	10.2	9.4	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,405	2,865	2,545	9.0	9.2	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420	2,565	1,850	7.3	8.2	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,740	2,315	1,430	6.2	7.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,195	1,895	1,300	5.3	6.1	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,950	1,300	650	3.2	4.2	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,525	1,295	8.0	11.3	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,720	1,920	795	4.5	6.1	2.7
$125,000 and over	2,105	1,605	500	3.5	5.1	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,530	39,915	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,940	38,100	39,835	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,000	42,000	49,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,985	38,100	39,885	95.7	95.5	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,400	36,800	42,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,340	35,815	35,530	87.5	89.7	85.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	31,000	38,000	46,000	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,440	31,195	29,245	74.1	78.2	70.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,000	40,400	48,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,770	25,460	32,305	70.9	63.8	77.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,640	9,100	8,000	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,475	4,915	4,560	11.6	12.3	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	4,120	5,000	4,480	4,120	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,535	39,910	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,985	38,185	39,800	95.6	95.7	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	57,700	41,760	49,560	57,700	41,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,050	38,185	39,865	95.7	95.7	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,680	46,120	35,480	40,680	46,120	35,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,325	35,900	35,425	87.5	90.0	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,440	55,350	37,440	46,440	55,350	37,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,415	31,260	29,150	74.1	78.3	70.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	53,250	39,360	46,520	53,250	39,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,705	25,420	32,290	70.8	63.7	77.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,570	8,530	10,380	9,570	8,530	10,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,125	4,665	4,460	11.2	11.7	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,730	5,375	8,150	6,730	5,375	8,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,530	39,915	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,800	16,205	13,600	36.6	40.6	32.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	65,000	49,200	57,600	65,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	71,400	54,650	63,750	71,400	54,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,980	11,080	11,895	28.2	27.8	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	31,600	22,800	26,000	31,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	39,880	28,920	34,200	39,880	28,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	90.2	79.8	85.8	90.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	72.8	75.6	69.0	72.8	75.6	69.0
Government transfers (%)	14.3	9.8	20.2	14.3	9.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,200	...	...	81,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200	...	...	48,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,820	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,185	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,190	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,570	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,665	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,570	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,190	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,560	...	...	39.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,570	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,105	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,305	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,580	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	595	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,940	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,565	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,995	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,970	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,920	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,820	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,785	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	...	...	8.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,335	...	...	8.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,965	...	...	28.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,560	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,205	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,200	...	...	7.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,720	6,495	7,225	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,800	36,400	40,400	44,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,400	32,800	35,600	38,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200	...	...	69,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,710	6,545	7,165	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,040	51,450	42,960	47,040	51,450	42,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,440	42,240	36,880	39,440	42,240	36,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,490	49,775	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,400	11,675	10,725	22.3	23.5	21.1
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,560	3,190	6.7	7.2	6.3
18 to 64 years	60,900	30,090	30,815	60.6	60.5	60.8
65 years and over	17,190	8,010	9,185	17.1	16.1	18.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,600	3,310	4,290	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,355	730	625	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	420	230	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,505	1,670	1,840	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,740	910	1,830	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.6	6.7	8.5	7.6	6.7	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.1	6.2	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	6.4	6.0	6.2	6.4	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.6	6.0	5.8	5.6	6.0
65 years and over (%)	15.9	11.4	19.9	15.9	11.4	19.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,490	49,770	50,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,395	11,675	10,720	22.3	23.5	21.1
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,560	3,190	6.7	7.2	6.3
18 to 64 years	60,900	30,090	30,810	60.6	60.5	60.8
65 years and over	17,195	8,010	9,180	17.1	16.1	18.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,430	1,600	1,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	555	285	270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	90	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,085	1,045	...	...	...
65 years and over	745	230	510	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
65 years and over (%)	4.3	2.9	5.6	4.3	2.9	5.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,490	49,775	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,635	24,805	26,835	51.4	49.8	52.9
In bottom decile	6,360	2,815	3,545	6.3	5.7	7.0
In second decile	8,795	4,010	4,780	8.8	8.1	9.4
In third decile	11,090	5,385	5,705	11.0	10.8	11.2
In fourth decile	12,405	6,155	6,250	12.3	12.4	12.3
In fifth decile	12,995	6,435	6,560	12.9	12.9	12.9
In top half of the distribution	48,850	24,965	23,885	48.6	50.2	47.1
In sixth decile	12,880	6,465	6,420	12.8	13.0	12.7
In seventh decile	12,150	6,220	5,930	12.1	12.5	11.7
In eighth decile	10,630	5,445	5,185	10.6	10.9	10.2
In ninth decile	8,410	4,355	4,060	8.4	8.7	8.0
In top decile	4,775	2,480	2,290	4.8	5.0	4.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,490	...	...	100,490	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.387	...	...	0.387	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.234	...	...	0.234	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,660	50,215	51,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,015	1,025	990	2.0	2.0	1.9
French only	46,760	21,340	25,425	46.0	42.5	49.4
English and French	52,450	27,645	24,810	51.6	55.1	48.2
Neither English nor French	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,660	50,215	51,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,685	3,915	3,765	7.6	7.8	7.3
French	90,675	44,605	46,070	89.2	88.8	89.6
English and French	2,890	1,500	1,395	2.8	3.0	2.7
Neither English nor French	410	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,660	50,215	51,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,445	48,575	49,865	96.8	96.7	96.9
Official languages	90,305	44,565	45,745	88.8	88.7	88.9
English	5,620	2,895	2,725	5.5	5.8	5.3
French	84,690	41,670	43,015	83.3	83.0	83.6
Non-official languages	8,135	4,010	4,125	8.0	8.0	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,125	4,010	4,110	8.0	8.0	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,995	1,020	975	2.0	2.0	1.9
Berber languages	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,750	890	855	1.7	1.8	1.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,735	885	855	1.7	1.8	1.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	270	125	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,775	2,385	2,390	4.7	4.7	4.6
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	715	335	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	715	335	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	420	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	395	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,155	1,590	1,570	3.1	3.2	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	305	180	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	405	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	915	455	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	1,535	755	775	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	165	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,215	1,640	1,580	3.2	3.3	3.1
English and French	1,685	870	815	1.7	1.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	270	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	925	455	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,660	50,215	51,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,675	2,385	2,290	4.6	4.7	4.5
French	81,505	40,085	41,420	80.2	79.8	80.5
Non-official language	2,110	1,045	1,065	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,110	1,045	1,065	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	6,620	3,420	3,200	6.5	6.8	6.2
English and non-official language(s)	725	345	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	3,420	1,640	1,780	3.4	3.3	3.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,500	1,235	1,265	2.5	2.5	2.5
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,660	50,215	51,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	98,225	48,530	49,690	96.6	96.6	96.6
Official languages	94,195	46,535	47,660	92.7	92.7	92.6
English	6,675	3,390	3,285	6.6	6.8	6.4
French	87,515	43,145	44,375	86.1	85.9	86.3
Non-official languages	4,030	2,000	2,035	4.0	4.0	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,030	2,000	2,035	4.0	4.0	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	845	410	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	770	375	400	0.8	0.7	0.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	770	375	400	0.8	0.7	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,640	1,330	1,315	2.6	2.6	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	455	230	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	455	230	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	260	125	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	875	865	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	655	320	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	870	445	420	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,435	1,685	1,755	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	1,710	850	860	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	290	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,065	520	545	1.0	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	350	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,660	50,215	51,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	91,085	44,900	46,190	89.6	89.4	89.8
English	4,180	2,180	2,000	4.1	4.3	3.9
French	2,460	1,220	1,245	2.4	2.4	2.4
Non-official language	2,100	1,000	1,100	2.1	2.0	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,090	995	1,095	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and French	470	240	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	780	380	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	400	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,055	49,620	50,440	99.6	99.7	99.4
English	54,350	28,620	25,730	54.1	57.5	50.7
French	98,065	48,620	49,445	97.6	97.7	97.5
Non-official languages	14,025	6,595	7,430	14.0	13.3	14.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,995	6,585	7,410	13.9	13.2	14.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,210	1,645	1,565	3.2	3.3	3.1
Berber languages	370	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kabyle	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,950	1,525	1,425	2.9	3.1	2.8
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,870	1,485	1,385	2.9	3.0	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	815	395	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian Creole	690	340	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,640	4,005	4,640	8.6	8.0	9.1
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085	540	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,085	540	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	740	370	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	415	230	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	450	240	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	550	300	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	250	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,425	2,820	3,605	6.4	5.7	7.1
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	885	460	430	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portuguese	650	280	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	1,080	545	540	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	4,190	1,700	2,500	4.2	3.4	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	650	340	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese languages	205	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	75	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lao	200	75	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,490	49,775	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,305	1,115	1,195	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,075	1,010	1,065	2.1	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,350	675	680	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis	710	335	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	98,180	48,655	49,525	97.7	97.7	97.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,490	49,775	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	800	385	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,690	49,385	50,305	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,045	...	...	74.9	...	...
Renter	10,405	...	...	25.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,130	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not condominium	36,325	...	...	87.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,615	...	...	8.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,165	...	...	31.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,265	...	...	34.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,305	...	...	24.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,410	...	...	27.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,250	...	...	15.1	...	...
6 rooms	5,215	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,695	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,890	...	...	31.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,180	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,440	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,015	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,375	...	...	13.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,660	...	...	28.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,725	...	...	16.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,475	...	...	13.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,340	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,075	...	...	9.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,235	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,565	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,520	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,935	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,880	...	...	50.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,480	...	...	47.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,095	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	540	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,890	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,215	...	...	19.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,895	...	...	19.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,070	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,705	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,270	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	865	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,645	...	...	86.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,560	...	...	13.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,290	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,050	...	...	19.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,190	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not suitable only	865	...	...	2.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,555	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,400	...	...	80.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,400	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	38,530	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,845	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.6	...	...	70.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	353,600	...	...	353,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,405	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.3	...	...	27.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.9	...	...	16.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	909	...	...	909	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,570	805	770	1.6	1.6	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,530	785	745	1.5	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,365	685	680	1.4	1.4	1.3
Métis single ancestry	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,140	1,450	1,695	3.1	2.9	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,105	1,430	1,675	3.1	2.9	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,910	1,360	1,545	2.9	2.7	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	95,780	47,525	48,255	95.3	95.5	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	98,325	48,790	49,530	97.8	98.0	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,995	11,450	10,545	21.9	23.0	20.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,330	37,340	38,985	76.0	75.0	76.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,170	975	1,190	2.2	2.0	2.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	90,380	44,730	45,655	89.9	89.9	90.0
Immigrants⁸¹	9,810	4,905	4,900	9.8	9.9	9.7
Before 1980	1,140	650	495	1.1	1.3	1.0
1980 to 1990	830	425	405	0.8	0.9	0.8
1991 to 2000	1,420	740	680	1.4	1.5	1.3
2001 to 2010	3,525	1,715	1,810	3.5	3.4	3.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,895	1,375	1,510	2.9	2.8	3.0
2011 to 2015	1,865	915	950	1.9	1.8	1.9
2016 to 2021	1,025	460	560	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,805	4,905	4,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,255	660	600	12.8	13.5	12.2
5 to 14 years	1,640	860	785	16.7	17.5	16.0
15 to 24 years	1,480	635	845	15.1	12.9	17.2
25 to 44 years	4,955	2,540	2,420	50.5	51.8	49.4
45 years and over	475	220	250	4.8	4.5	5.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,805	4,905	4,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,050	865	1,190	20.9	17.6	24.3
Brazil	105	30	70	1.1	0.6	1.4
Colombia	355	160	195	3.6	3.3	4.0
El Salvador	65	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	450	185	265	4.6	3.8	5.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	230	65	170	2.3	1.3	3.5
Peru	85	35	50	0.9	0.7	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	230	120	110	2.3	2.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	500	235	265	5.1	4.8	5.4
Europe	3,145	1,690	1,455	32.1	34.5	29.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	860	465	395	8.8	9.5	8.1
Germany	115	80	40	1.2	1.6	0.8
Greece	75	45	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hungary	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italy	150	100	50	1.5	2.0	1.0
Netherlands	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Poland	80	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portugal	140	80	60	1.4	1.6	1.2
Romania	590	300	285	6.0	6.1	5.8
Russian Federation	145	65	80	1.5	1.3	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	105	50	55	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	55	25	0.8	1.1	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	725	380	345	7.4	7.7	7.0
Africa	2,915	1,505	1,410	29.7	30.7	28.8
Algeria	485	250	235	4.9	5.1	4.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	140	65	75	1.4	1.3	1.5
Egypt	250	150	95	2.5	3.1	1.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	765	395	370	7.8	8.1	7.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,255	620	630	12.8	12.6	12.9
Asia	1,685	850	840	17.2	17.3	17.1
Afghanistan	105	60	45	1.1	1.2	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	50	35	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	435	245	190	4.4	5.0	3.9
Syria⁸⁹	130	60	65	1.3	1.2	1.3
Turkey	45	20	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	130	40	90	1.3	0.8	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	80	20	60	0.8	0.4	1.2
Viet Nam	60	25	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	70	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lanka	75	35	40	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	425	215	210	4.3	4.4	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,025	460	565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	35	105	14.1	7.6	18.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.7
Haiti	35	0	35	3.4	0.0	6.2
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	3.5
United States of America	35	15	15	3.4	3.3	2.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	2.4	3.3	2.7
Europe	265	140	125	25.9	30.4	22.1
France	80	50	35	7.8	10.9	6.2
Germany	15	10	10	1.5	2.2	1.8
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	150	85	70	14.6	18.5	12.4
Africa	360	165	200	35.1	35.9	35.4
Algeria	35	20	15	3.4	4.3	2.7
Burundi	15	10	0	1.5	2.2	0.0
Cameroon	55	25	35	5.4	5.4	6.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	2.0	2.2	1.8
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	60	40	25	5.9	8.7	4.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	10	25	3.4	2.2	4.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	90	40	50	8.8	8.7	8.8
Asia	255	120	135	24.9	26.1	23.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	2.9	3.3	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	1.0	2.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	15	35	4.9	3.3	6.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	35	6.3	6.5	6.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,520	5,255	5,265	10.5	10.6	10.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,590	4,715	4,875	9.5	9.5	9.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,375	39,800	40,575	80.0	80.0	80.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,665	4,260	4,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,085	2,775	2,310	58.7	65.1	52.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,275	1,435	845	26.3	33.7	19.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,805	1,340	1,465	32.4	31.5	33.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,270	840	1,435	26.2	19.7	32.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,210	610	605	14.0	14.3	13.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	105	40	65	1.2	0.9	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,665	4,260	4,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	730	375	355	8.4	8.8	8.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	650	330	315	7.5	7.7	7.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	65	95	1.8	1.5	2.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	260	170	90	3.0	4.0	2.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	10	40	0.6	0.2	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,810	3,295	3,510	78.6	77.3	79.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,850	4,775	5,080	9.8	9.6	10.0
South Asian	540	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese	285	110	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	3,465	1,725	1,735	3.4	3.5	3.4
Filipino	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	2,485	1,265	1,220	2.5	2.5	2.4
Latin American	1,525	670	855	1.5	1.3	1.7
Southeast Asian	745	390	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
West Asian	250	125	130	0.2	0.3	0.3
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	315	110	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	90,635	44,995	45,640	90.2	90.4	90.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,490	49,770	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	33,295	16,385	16,910	33.1	32.9	33.3
English	2,225	1,205	1,025	2.2	2.4	2.0
Irish	6,130	3,055	3,075	6.1	6.1	6.1
Scottish	2,565	1,325	1,240	2.6	2.7	2.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	23,290	11,650	11,645	23.2	23.4	23.0
German	1,675	805	865	1.7	1.6	1.7
Chinese	395	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italian	4,295	2,115	2,175	4.3	4.2	4.3
Indian (India)	245	130	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	480	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	730	330	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
Québécois	13,130	6,520	6,615	13.1	13.1	13.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	480	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
French Canadian	7,325	3,610	3,710	7.3	7.3	7.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,590	825	760	1.6	1.7	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,250	1,085	1,170	2.2	2.2	2.3
Métis	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,085	565	525	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian	510	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Norwegian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	860	385	470	0.9	0.8	0.9
American	555	235	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	835	375	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Swedish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	365	165	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Acadian	1,225	535	700	1.2	1.1	1.4
Pakistani	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	540	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	970	440	530	1.0	0.9	1.0
Greek	795	425	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
Jamaican	50	25	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	860	440	420	0.9	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	845	420	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Iranian	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	695	335	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	425	230	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	870	405	465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Haitian	1,255	610	645	1.2	1.2	1.3
Hindu	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	335	110	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	400	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	445	170	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moroccan	820	405	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Czech	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazilian	140	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	50	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	360	140	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	230	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	235	125	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	260	120	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	265	110	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Norman	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	85	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Beninese	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,490	49,775	50,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	340	145	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	65,800	31,895	33,905	65.5	64.1	66.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,450	2,795	2,660	5.4	5.6	5.2
Anabaptist	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	350	175	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catholic	55,800	26,980	28,820	55.5	54.2	56.8
Christian Orthodox	1,895	950	945	1.9	1.9	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	280	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Presbyterian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Reformed	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	180	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,020	430	590	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hindu	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jewish	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	3,420	1,720	1,700	3.4	3.5	3.4
Sikh	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	275	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	30,240	15,700	14,535	30.1	31.5	28.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,480	49,230	50,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,440	44,785	45,660	90.9	91.0	90.9
Movers	9,040	4,450	4,595	9.1	9.0	9.1
Non-migrants	3,030	1,505	1,520	3.0	3.1	3.0
Migrants	6,010	2,940	3,075	6.0	6.0	6.1
Internal migrants	5,835	2,860	2,980	5.9	5.8	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,730	2,800	2,930	5.8	5.7	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	95,020	46,890	48,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,210	30,040	30,165	63.4	64.1	62.7
Movers	34,815	16,855	17,960	36.6	35.9	37.3
Non-migrants	7,710	3,760	3,955	8.1	8.0	8.2
Migrants	27,105	13,095	14,005	28.5	27.9	29.1
Internal migrants	26,155	12,635	13,520	27.5	26.9	28.1
Intraprovincial migrants	25,760	12,450	13,310	27.1	26.6	27.7
Interprovincial migrants	395	185	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	950	460	490	1.0	1.0	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,530	39,910	41,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,175	9,520	7,655	21.1	23.9	18.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,355	30,395	33,965	78.9	76.2	81.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,240	26,630	27,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,205	4,935	3,265	15.1	18.5	11.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,035	21,690	24,340	84.9	81.4	88.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,530	39,915	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,985	7,995	6,985	18.4	20.0	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,465	9,220	10,240	23.9	23.1	24.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,080	22,695	24,390	57.7	56.9	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,465	17,050	16,420	41.0	42.7	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,580	9,295	6,285	19.1	23.3	15.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,105	5,660	5,445	13.6	14.2	13.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,475	3,635	840	5.5	9.1	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,615	6,345	8,270	17.9	15.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,270	1,410	1,860	4.0	3.5	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,615	5,650	7,965	16.7	14.2	19.1
Bachelor's degree	9,485	3,825	5,660	11.6	9.6	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,370	525	850	1.7	1.3	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,275	1,060	1,215	2.8	2.7	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	150	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,240	26,630	27,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,620	3,900	2,715	12.2	14.6	9.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,575	5,140	5,435	19.5	19.3	19.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,040	17,595	19,450	68.3	66.1	70.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,455	12,990	12,465	46.9	48.8	45.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,290	7,260	5,030	22.7	27.3	18.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,820	4,425	4,400	16.3	16.6	15.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,465	2,835	630	6.4	10.6	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,830	4,710	6,120	20.0	17.7	22.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,340	1,020	1,320	4.3	3.8	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,590	4,605	6,985	21.4	17.3	25.3
Bachelor's degree	8,075	3,155	4,915	14.9	11.8	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,185	420	770	2.2	1.6	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	45	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
Master's degree	1,930	860	1,070	3.6	3.2	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	125	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,530	39,915	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,450	17,220	17,230	42.3	43.1	41.4
Education	3,215	610	2,600	3.9	1.5	6.2
13. Education	3,215	610	2,600	3.9	1.5	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,655	730	925	2.0	1.8	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	195	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,390	530	860	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	2,190	750	1,435	2.7	1.9	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	355	90	265	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,265	455	810	1.6	1.1	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	115	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	230	50	170	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,990	1,025	2,965	4.9	2.6	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	165	345	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	40	920	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	825	260	565	1.0	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	510	80	430	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,015	435	580	1.2	1.1	1.4
Business, management and public administration	11,100	3,670	7,430	13.6	9.2	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	110	370	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,610	3,550	7,055	13.0	8.9	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,400	675	725	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	155	310	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	170	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	220	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
40. Physical sciences	335	210	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,240	1,620	615	2.7	4.1	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,940	1,505	435	2.4	3.8	1.0
25. Library science	135	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,140	10,345	790	13.7	25.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	265	160	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,710	1,460	250	2.1	3.7	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,080	1,860	220	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,885	2,810	80	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,680	2,610	75	3.3	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,515	1,450	65	1.9	3.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	760	375	385	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	615	275	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	95	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,330	715	4,615	6.5	1.8	11.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	120	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,975	585	4,395	6.1	1.5	10.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,060	2,175	1,885	5.0	5.4	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,920	395	1,525	2.4	1.0	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	955	755	195	1.2	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,175	1,015	155	1.4	2.5	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,240	26,630	27,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,195	9,035	8,160	31.7	33.9	29.6
Education	2,325	425	1,900	4.3	1.6	6.9
13. Education	2,325	425	1,900	4.3	1.6	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,265	540	725	2.3	2.0	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	155	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,045	380	665	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	1,545	500	1,040	2.8	1.9	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315	75	240	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	840	305	535	1.5	1.1	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	20	145	0.3	0.1	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,295	780	2,515	6.1	2.9	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	130	295	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	25	790	1.5	0.1	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	695	200	495	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	405	60	345	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	830	345	495	1.5	1.3	1.8
Business, management and public administration	8,715	2,680	6,030	16.1	10.1	21.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	70	310	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,330	2,615	5,715	15.4	9.8	20.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975	475	495	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	125	265	0.7	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	270	175	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,895	1,400	495	3.5	5.3	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,670	1,325	345	3.1	5.0	1.2
25. Library science	110	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,925	8,245	670	16.5	31.0	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	205	115	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,530	1,295	230	2.8	4.9	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,615	1,430	180	3.0	5.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,250	2,195	55	4.1	8.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110	2,055	50	3.9	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,220	1,155	65	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	595	265	330	1.1	1.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	205	285	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,285	550	3,735	7.9	2.1	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	85	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,000	460	3,545	7.4	1.7	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,220	1,715	1,505	5.9	6.4	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,495	285	1,205	2.8	1.1	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	740	590	150	1.4	2.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	975	830	145	1.8	3.1	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,240	26,630	27,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,195	9,035	8,160	31.7	33.9	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,045	17,590	19,455	68.3	66.1	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	33,800	15,945	17,860	62.3	59.9	64.7
Same as province or territory of residence	33,150	15,635	17,510	61.1	58.7	63.4
Different than province or territory of residence	650	305	345	1.2	1.1	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,245	1,650	1,595	6.0	6.2	5.8
Americas	595	285	310	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	135	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexico	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	70	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,335	745	590	2.5	2.8	2.1
Belgium	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	480	300	180	0.9	1.1	0.7
Germany	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	165	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	295	145	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	940	460	475	1.7	1.7	1.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Morocco	250	130	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tunisia	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	285	125	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Asia	370	155	215	0.7	0.6	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,530	39,915	41,615	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,975	28,435	26,540	...	...	...
Employed	51,735	26,670	25,060	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,245	1,765	1,480	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,550	11,480	15,075	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.2	63.8	67.4	71.2	63.8
Employment rate	63.5	66.8	60.2	63.5	66.8	60.2
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.2	5.6	5.9	6.2	5.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,530	39,915	41,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,760	11,015	14,745	31.6	27.6	35.4
Worked	55,770	28,900	26,870	68.4	72.4	64.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,560	16,700	13,855	37.5	41.8	33.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,205	12,195	13,015	30.9	30.6	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.9	41.5	42.2	42.9	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,980	28,435	26,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	420	470	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,085	28,015	26,075	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	47,975	24,285	23,690	87.3	85.4	89.2
Permanent position	41,905	21,495	20,405	76.2	75.6	76.9
Temporary position	6,075	2,790	3,280	11.0	9.8	12.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,080	820	1,255	3.8	2.9	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,995	1,965	2,030	7.3	6.9	7.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,110	3,730	2,385	11.1	13.1	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,980	28,435	26,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	420	470	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,085	28,015	26,075	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	930	715	210	1.7	2.5	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,280	2,915	7,365	18.7	10.3	27.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,630	3,575	1,055	8.4	12.6	4.0
3 Health occupations	3,850	485	3,360	7.0	1.7	12.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,065	1,475	4,585	11.0	5.2	17.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,340	655	680	2.4	2.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,820	5,935	6,885	23.3	20.9	25.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,790	9,770	1,020	19.6	34.4	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	790	570	225	1.4	2.0	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,605	1,920	685	4.7	6.8	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,980	28,435	26,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	420	470	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	54,085	28,015	26,075	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	700	375	325	1.3	1.3	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	100	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	490	335	155	0.9	1.2	0.6
23 Construction	5,305	4,470	830	9.6	15.7	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	6,230	4,430	1,800	11.3	15.6	6.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,295	1,505	790	4.2	5.3	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	7,115	3,535	3,580	12.9	12.4	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,290	2,375	915	6.0	8.4	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,080	675	405	2.0	2.4	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,075	805	1,270	3.8	2.8	4.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	670	325	350	1.2	1.1	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,025	2,110	1,920	7.3	7.4	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,120	1,270	845	3.9	4.5	3.2
61 Educational services	3,835	940	2,895	7.0	3.3	10.9
62 Health care and social assistance	6,900	1,015	5,890	12.6	3.6	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	660	320	340	1.2	1.1	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,220	1,060	1,160	4.0	3.7	4.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,200	1,035	1,170	4.0	3.6	4.4
91 Public administration	2,675	1,310	1,365	4.9	4.6	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,360	30,050	28,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,155	1,200	955	3.7	4.0	3.4
French	38,525	19,275	19,245	66.0	64.1	68.0
Non-official language	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	17,030	9,295	7,740	29.2	30.9	27.3
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	110	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	445	210	230	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,360	30,050	28,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,490	28,425	27,060	95.1	94.6	95.6
Official languages	55,395	28,395	27,000	94.9	94.5	95.4
English	5,280	2,905	2,370	9.0	9.7	8.4
French	50,115	25,490	24,625	85.9	84.8	87.0
Non-official languages	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,865	1,625	1,245	4.9	5.4	4.4
English and French	2,820	1,615	1,205	4.8	5.4	4.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,360	30,050	28,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,500	22,070	21,430	74.5	73.4	75.7
English	11,295	6,100	5,195	19.4	20.3	18.4
French	3,035	1,635	1,405	5.2	5.4	5.0
Non-official language	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	85	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	85	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,735	26,670	25,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,125	4,785	5,335	19.6	17.9	21.3
Worked outside Canada	65	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,425	5,015	1,410	12.4	18.8	5.6
Usual place of work	35,120	16,810	18,305	67.9	63.0	73.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,125	16,810	18,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,635	3,145	4,490	21.7	18.7	24.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,280	2,465	3,815	17.9	14.7	20.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	21,140	11,155	9,980	60.2	66.4	54.5
Commute to a different province or territory	65	45	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,550	21,825	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,705	20,155	17,550	90.7	92.3	89.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,005	19,405	16,595	86.7	88.9	84.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	750	950	4.1	3.4	4.8
Public transit	1,700	725	975	4.1	3.3	4.9
Walked	1,255	495	760	3.0	2.3	3.9
Bicycle	265	185	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
Other method	620	265	355	1.5	1.2	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,550	21,825	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,295	4,525	5,770	24.8	20.7	29.3
15 to 29 minutes	13,760	6,730	7,040	33.1	30.8	35.7
30 to 44 minutes	10,410	6,300	4,110	25.1	28.9	20.8
45 to 59 minutes	3,880	2,365	1,520	9.3	10.8	7.7
60 minutes and over	3,195	1,915	1,275	7.7	8.8	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,550	21,825	19,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,130	4,080	1,050	12.3	18.7	5.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,515	5,180	3,335	20.5	23.7	16.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,465	4,410	6,055	25.2	20.2	30.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,855	2,545	4,305	16.5	11.7	21.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,000	1,670	2,330	9.6	7.7	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,580	3,945	2,640	15.8	18.1	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,770	11,870	10,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,355	1,765	1,595	14.7	14.9	14.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,410	10,110	9,310	85.2	85.2	85.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,860	8,760	8,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,475	1,300	1,180	14.7	14.8	14.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,595	830	765	9.5	9.5	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	880	465	410	5.2	5.3	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,385	7,465	6,920	85.3	85.2	85.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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