Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CowansvilleMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	13,334	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	12,028^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,684	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,427	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	815.3	...	...	815.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	13,330	6,390	6,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,105	1,050	1,060	15.8	16.4	15.3
0 to 4 years	675	325	345	5.1	5.1	5.0
5 to 9 years	715	380	335	5.4	5.9	4.8
10 to 14 years	710	340	375	5.3	5.3	5.4
15 to 64 years	7,540	3,730	3,815	56.6	58.4	55.0
15 to 19 years	640	340	300	4.8	5.3	4.3
20 to 24 years	545	290	250	4.1	4.5	3.6
25 to 29 years	715	360	355	5.4	5.6	5.1
30 to 34 years	725	350	370	5.4	5.5	5.3
35 to 39 years	755	390	360	5.7	6.1	5.2
40 to 44 years	745	370	375	5.6	5.8	5.4
45 to 49 years	675	330	345	5.1	5.2	5.0
50 to 54 years	725	350	375	5.4	5.5	5.4
55 to 59 years	915	415	505	6.9	6.5	7.3
60 to 64 years	1,105	530	575	8.3	8.3	8.3
65 years and over	3,690	1,615	2,075	27.7	25.3	29.9
65 to 69 years	1,015	475	535	7.6	7.4	7.7
70 to 74 years	1,000	445	560	7.5	7.0	8.1
75 to 79 years	685	315	365	5.1	4.9	5.3
80 to 84 years	460	195	265	3.5	3.1	3.8
85 years and over	530	185	350	4.0	2.9	5.0
85 to 89 years	350	135	210	2.6	2.1	3.0
90 to 94 years	140	35	110	1.1	0.5	1.6
95 to 99 years	35	5	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	16.4	15.3	15.8	16.4	15.3
15 to 64 years	56.6	58.4	55.0	56.6	58.4	55.0
65 years and over	27.7	25.3	29.9	27.7	25.3	29.9
85 years and over	4.0	2.9	5.0	4.0	2.9	5.0
Average age of the population	46.0	44.5	47.4	46.0	44.5	47.4
Median age of the population	48.4	45.6	50.8	48.4	45.6	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,395	...	...	37.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	320	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	75	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	545	...	...	8.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,025	...	...	47.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.9	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,635	...	...	41.0	...	...
2 persons	2,270	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	685	...	...	10.7	...	...
4 persons	535	...	...	8.3	...	...
5 or more persons	305	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	12,990	6,285	6,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	11,230	5,345	5,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	6,065	3,020	3,040	54.0	56.5	51.7
Married	3,350	1,670	1,680	29.8	31.2	28.5
Living common-law	2,710	1,350	1,365	24.1	25.3	23.2
Living common law - Never married	2,055	1,025	1,030	18.3	19.2	17.5
Living common law - Separated	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	545	280	270	4.9	5.2	4.6
Living common law - Widowed	75	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	5,170	2,330	2,840	46.0	43.6	48.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,125	1,720	1,405	27.8	32.2	23.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	165	70	100	1.5	1.3	1.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,055	375	680	9.4	7.0	11.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	820	170	650	7.3	3.2	11.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,230	...	...	61.1	...	...
3 persons	660	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	495	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	265	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,960	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	1,600	...	...	43.8	...	...
With children⁶	445	...	...	12.2	...	...
Without children	1,160	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	1,360	...	...	37.3	...	...
With children⁶	675	...	...	18.5	...	...
Without children	680	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	690	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	535	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	165	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	12,990	6,285	6,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	9,835	4,815	5,020	75.7	76.6	74.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,915	2,950	2,960	45.5	46.9	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	690	160	530	5.3	2.5	7.9
Children⁶	3,230	1,700	1,525	24.9	27.0	22.7
In a two-parent family	2,130	1,115	1,015	16.4	17.7	15.1
In a one-parent family	1,095	585	510	8.4	9.3	7.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,155	1,465	1,685	24.3	23.3	25.1
Living alone	2,640	1,185	1,450	20.3	18.9	21.6
Living with other relatives⁷	205	90	115	1.6	1.4	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	310	190	125	2.4	3.0	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,450	...	...	53.7	...	...
Couple-family households	2,840	...	...	44.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,075	...	...	16.7	...	...
Without children	1,770	...	...	27.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	610	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	105	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	170	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	2,635	...	...	41.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	10,890	5,240	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,705	5,130	5,575	98.3	97.9	98.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,000	33,200	36,000	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,705	5,130	5,575	98.3	97.9	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,600	30,400	32,400	35,600	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,210	4,525	4,685	84.6	86.4	82.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,000	24,000	28,400	34,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,985	3,610	3,375	64.1	68.9	59.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,000	28,000	31,200	36,000	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,365	4,340	5,025	86.0	82.8	88.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,700	12,100	14,500	13,700	12,100	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,275	670	600	11.7	12.8	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,000	5,440	5,320	5,000	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,850	1,525	1,325	26.2	29.1	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	10,910	5,285	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,740	5,170	5,570	98.4	97.8	98.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,880	41,200	44,800	37,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,745	5,170	5,575	98.5	97.8	99.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,520	37,840	33,360	35,520	37,840	33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,210	4,560	4,650	84.4	86.3	82.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,240	38,920	29,680	34,240	38,920	29,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,995	3,620	3,375	64.1	68.5	59.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,040	39,840	31,960	36,040	39,840	31,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,305	4,300	5,005	85.3	81.4	88.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,660	12,610	14,580	13,660	12,610	14,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,300	705	595	11.9	13.3	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,235	5,220	7,440	6,235	5,220	7,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,775	1,515	1,260	25.4	28.7	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,260	8,420	7,780	7,260	8,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	10,910	5,285	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,185	1,660	1,520	29.2	31.4	27.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	54,800	42,800	48,400	54,800	42,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,250	58,100	47,960	53,250	58,100	47,960
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,975	1,530	1,450	27.3	28.9	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,200	15,400	18,600	21,200	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,860	28,240	21,300	24,860	28,240	21,300
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.2	76.6	65.4	71.2	76.6	65.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.0	62.3	51.1	57.0	62.3	51.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.8	23.4	34.6	28.8	23.4	34.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.1	1.8	1.6	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.6	6.4	6.0	5.6	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	10,890	5,240	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	190	105	80	1.7	2.0	1.4
With total income	10,705	5,135	5,570	98.3	98.0	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	590	260	330	5.5	5.1	5.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,520	595	925	14.2	11.6	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,180	950	1,225	20.4	18.5	22.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,725	760	965	16.1	14.8	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,585	760	830	14.8	14.8	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,055	545	505	9.9	10.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	705	425	275	6.6	8.3	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	480	300	185	4.5	5.8	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	305	180	125	2.8	3.5	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	170	105	65	1.6	2.0	1.2
$100,000 and over	395	250	145	3.7	4.9	2.6
$100,000 to $149,999	305	185	115	2.8	3.6	2.1
$150,000 and over	90	60	30	0.8	1.2	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	10,890	5,240	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	185	105	80	1.7	2.0	1.4
With after-tax income	10,705	5,135	5,570	98.3	98.0	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	635	275	360	5.9	5.4	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,580	635	945	14.8	12.4	17.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,575	1,140	1,435	24.1	22.2	25.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,135	970	1,165	19.9	18.9	20.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,675	875	800	15.6	17.0	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	945	560	385	8.8	10.9	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	540	300	240	5.0	5.8	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	265	155	105	2.5	3.0	1.9
$80,000 to $89,999	165	110	55	1.5	2.1	1.0
$90,000 to $99,999	75	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
$100,000 and over	115	75	45	1.1	1.5	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	65	40	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
$125,000 and over	50	35	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	10,890	5,240	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,910	1,630	2,275	35.9	31.1	40.3
With employment income	6,980	3,605	3,375	64.1	68.8	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	985	490	495	14.1	13.6	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	590	270	320	8.5	7.5	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	900	400	500	12.9	11.1	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	890	405	485	12.8	11.2	14.4
$30,000 to $39,999	935	435	505	13.4	12.1	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	815	420	395	11.7	11.7	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	565	350	215	8.1	9.7	6.4
$60,000 to $69,999	435	290	140	6.2	8.0	4.1
$70,000 to $79,999	295	195	100	4.2	5.4	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	215	120	100	3.1	3.3	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	110	75	30	1.6	2.1	0.9
$100,000 and over	255	165	90	3.7	4.6	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	150	95	55	2.1	2.6	1.6
$125,000 and over	110	75	35	1.6	2.1	1.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	10,890	5,240	5,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,580	5,055	5,520	97.2	96.5	97.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	30,000	33,200	38,000	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,585	5,055	5,525	97.2	96.5	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,600	27,600	30,200	33,600	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,145	4,485	4,660	84.0	85.6	82.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	35,200	24,600	29,400	35,200	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,075	3,640	3,435	65.0	69.5	60.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,800	27,800	31,800	36,800	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,570	3,865	4,700	78.7	73.8	83.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,000	12,000	10,800	9,000	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,110	580	530	10.2	11.1	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,920	4,680	4,800	4,920	4,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	10,910	5,285	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,615	5,075	5,540	97.3	96.0	98.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,400	43,920	35,280	39,400	43,920	35,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,620	5,075	5,545	97.3	96.0	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,840	36,840	31,080	33,840	36,840	31,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,200	4,505	4,690	84.3	85.2	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,120	40,920	29,560	35,120	40,920	29,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,145	3,665	3,480	65.5	69.3	61.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,520	40,840	32,000	36,520	40,840	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,550	3,905	4,645	78.4	73.9	82.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,120	9,860	12,180	11,120	9,860	12,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,085	585	505	9.9	11.1	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,780	5,720	8,000	6,780	5,720	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	10,910	5,285	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,170	1,660	1,510	29.1	31.4	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,200	51,200	40,000	45,200	51,200	40,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,920	56,850	44,400	50,920	56,850	44,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,815	1,425	1,390	25.8	27.0	24.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	28,600	20,600	23,400	28,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520	33,360	25,600	29,520	33,360	25,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.2	82.8	71.0	77.2	82.8	71.0
Employment income (%)	62.4	67.2	57.0	62.4	67.2	57.0
Government transfers (%)	22.8	17.3	29.0	22.8	17.3	29.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.8	1.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	30,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,500	...	...	59,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,240	...	...	38,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,400	...	...	33,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	145	...	...	2.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	170	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...	8.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	355	...	...	5.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	315	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	415	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	410	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	405	...	...	6.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	565	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	520	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	470	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	395	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	310	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,330	...	...	20.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	590	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	330	...	...	5.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	280	...	...	4.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	130	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	2.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	590	...	...	9.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	445	...	...	6.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	390	...	...	6.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...	7.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	465	...	...	7.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	380	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	655	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	585	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	475	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	385	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	315	...	...	4.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	845	...	...	13.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	445	...	...	6.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	230	...	...	3.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	165	...	...	2.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,950	1,375	1,570	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	36,000	31,400	33,200	36,000	31,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	32,000	28,800	30,200	32,000	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...	67,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,600	...	...	60,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,890	1,330	1,565	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,120	42,440	36,320	39,120	42,440	36,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,040	36,160	32,240	34,040	36,160	32,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	12,990	6,285	6,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,490	1,240	1,250	19.2	19.7	18.6
0 to 5 years	810	395	410	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	7,105	3,510	3,595	54.7	55.8	53.6
65 years and over	3,395	1,535	1,865	26.1	24.4	27.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,145	965	1,185	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	210	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	85	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	935	465	475	...	...	...
65 years and over	820	295	525	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	15.4	17.6	16.5	15.4	17.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	16.8	14.4	15.6	16.8	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	19.2	21.6	17.0	19.2	21.6	17.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	13.2	13.3	13.2	13.2	13.3
65 years and over (%)	24.2	19.2	28.3	24.2	19.2	28.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	12,990	6,285	6,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,490	1,245	1,250	19.2	19.8	18.6
0 to 5 years	805	395	410	6.2	6.3	6.1
18 to 64 years	7,110	3,515	3,595	54.7	55.9	53.6
65 years and over	3,390	1,530	1,860	26.1	24.3	27.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	490	275	215	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	70	35	30	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	375	220	155	...	...	...
65 years and over	50	20	30	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.4	3.2	3.8	4.4	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	6.2	4.3	5.2	6.2	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	12,990	6,285	6,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,135	4,285	4,850	70.3	68.2	72.3
In bottom decile	1,670	770	900	12.9	12.3	13.4
In second decile	2,140	970	1,170	16.5	15.4	17.4
In third decile	1,940	910	1,030	14.9	14.5	15.4
In fourth decile	1,830	850	980	14.1	13.5	14.6
In fifth decile	1,550	785	770	11.9	12.5	11.5
In top half of the distribution	3,860	1,995	1,860	29.7	31.7	27.7
In sixth decile	1,210	620	590	9.3	9.9	8.8
In seventh decile	1,070	570	505	8.2	9.1	7.5
In eighth decile	810	420	390	6.2	6.7	5.8
In ninth decile	465	240	225	3.6	3.8	3.4
In top decile	295	150	145	2.3	2.4	2.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	12,990	...	...	12,990	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	13,165	6,330	6,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	820	420	400	6.2	6.6	5.8
French only	5,705	2,605	3,105	43.3	41.2	45.4
English and French	6,620	3,290	3,330	50.3	52.0	48.7
Neither English nor French	20	15	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	13,165	6,330	6,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,215	1,080	1,135	16.8	17.1	16.6
French	10,730	5,145	5,585	81.5	81.3	81.7
English and French	200	90	115	1.5	1.4	1.7
Neither English nor French	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	13,165	6,330	6,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,680	6,100	6,585	96.3	96.4	96.3
Official languages	12,425	5,970	6,455	94.4	94.3	94.4
English	2,000	985	1,015	15.2	15.6	14.8
French	10,430	4,990	5,445	79.2	78.8	79.6
Non-official languages	250	125	125	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	125	125	1.9	2.0	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	160	80	80	1.2	1.3	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	65	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	490	235	255	3.7	3.7	3.7
English and French	410	185	225	3.1	2.9	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	13,165	6,330	6,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,725	845	880	13.1	13.3	12.9
French	9,840	4,700	5,145	74.7	74.2	75.2
Non-official language	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	1,320	640	685	10.0	10.1	10.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	35	0.8	0.9	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	13,165	6,330	6,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,685	6,110	6,575	96.4	96.5	96.1
Official languages	12,590	6,055	6,540	95.6	95.7	95.6
English	2,050	990	1,055	15.6	15.6	15.4
French	10,545	5,060	5,485	80.1	79.9	80.2
Non-official languages	100	60	40	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	60	40	0.8	0.9	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	215	260	3.6	3.4	3.8
English and French	415	190	230	3.2	3.0	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	13,165	6,325	6,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,080	5,785	6,295	91.8	91.5	92.0
English	640	330	315	4.9	5.2	4.6
French	320	160	165	2.4	2.5	2.4
Non-official language	65	35	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	13,020	6,345	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	12,980	6,315	6,670	99.7	99.5	99.9
English	7,380	3,720	3,660	56.7	58.6	54.8
French	12,185	5,915	6,275	93.6	93.2	93.9
Non-official languages	620	315	310	4.8	5.0	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	620	315	310	4.8	5.0	4.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	520	255	265	4.0	4.0	4.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
German	65	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	395	190	205	3.0	3.0	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	345	155	185	2.6	2.4	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Chinese languages	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	13,020	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	435	185	245	3.3	2.9	3.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	405	165	240	3.1	2.6	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	210	85	125	1.6	1.3	1.9
Métis	190	80	110	1.5	1.3	1.6
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	12,590	6,160	6,430	96.7	97.2	96.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	13,020	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,000	6,325	6,675	99.8	99.8	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,040	...	...	47.4	...	...
Renter	3,380	...	...	52.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	620	...	...	9.7	...	...
Not condominium	5,800	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	1,040	...	...	16.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,065	...	...	32.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,260	...	...	35.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,025	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,545	...	...	39.7	...	...
5 rooms	1,400	...	...	21.8	...	...
6 rooms	585	...	...	9.1	...	...
7 rooms	600	...	...	9.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,285	...	...	20.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,400	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,325	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	90	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,350	...	...	21.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,010	...	...	31.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	700	...	...	10.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	415	...	...	6.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	245	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	315	...	...	4.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	490	...	...	7.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	890	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,065	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	350	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,890	...	...	60.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,420	...	...	37.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	110	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	195	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	730	...	...	11.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	950	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	880	...	...	13.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,370	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,270	...	...	19.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	755	...	...	11.8	...	...
85 years and over	265	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,410	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,280	...	...	82.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,130	...	...	17.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,020	...	...	15.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,495	...	...	23.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,070	...	...	16.7	...	...
Not suitable only	70	...	...	1.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	280	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,925	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	240	...	...	3.8	...	...
Not in core need	6,065	...	...	96.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,035	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.6	...	...	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,013	...	...	1,013	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	284,000	...	...	284,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	690	...	...	690	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	788	...	...	788	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	13,020	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	350	135	215	2.7	2.1	3.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	350	135	215	2.7	2.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	265	110	160	2.0	1.7	2.4
Métis single ancestry	65	20	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	555	245	310	4.3	3.9	4.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	545	240	305	4.2	3.8	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	510	215	295	3.9	3.4	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	12,115	5,960	6,155	93.0	94.0	92.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	13,025	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	12,880	6,270	6,615	98.9	98.9	99.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,510	1,285	1,230	19.3	20.3	18.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	10,370	4,980	5,385	79.6	78.5	80.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	140	70	60	1.1	1.1	0.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	13,025	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,565	6,135	6,430	96.5	96.8	96.3
Immigrants⁸¹	410	175	240	3.1	2.8	3.6
Before 1980	185	85	100	1.4	1.3	1.5
1980 to 1990	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
1991 to 2000	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
2001 to 2010	95	30	65	0.7	0.5	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	65	40	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
2011 to 2015	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
2016 to 2021	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	35	15	0.3	0.6	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	410	175	235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	70	45	30	17.1	25.7	12.8
5 to 14 years	90	30	60	22.0	17.1	25.5
15 to 24 years	95	25	70	23.2	14.3	29.8
25 to 44 years	150	70	80	36.6	40.0	34.0
45 years and over	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	410	175	235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	130	60	70	31.7	34.3	29.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	15	10	6.1	8.6	4.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	35	30	15.9	20.0	12.8
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	6.1	5.7	6.4
Europe	195	85	110	47.6	48.6	46.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	80	35	45	19.5	20.0	19.1
Germany	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	10	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	15	8.5	11.4	6.4
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	25	8.5	5.7	10.6
Africa	25	10	20	6.1	5.7	8.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	65	20	40	15.9	11.4	17.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	2.4	0.0	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	3.7	0.0	4.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	25	15	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	15	0	50.0	60.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	0	10	25.0	0.0	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	13,020	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	510	230	280	3.9	3.6	4.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	655	320	340	5.0	5.0	5.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,850	5,795	6,055	91.0	91.4	90.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	225	95	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	95	35	65	42.2	36.8	50.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	55	15	35	24.4	15.8	26.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	45	15	25	20.0	15.8	19.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	105	55	55	46.7	57.9	42.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	10	15	13.3	10.5	11.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	225	95	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	4.4	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	40	10	22.2	42.1	7.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	4.4	10.5	0.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	4.4	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	150	40	115	66.7	42.1	88.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	13,020	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	250	130	120	1.9	2.1	1.8
South Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black	120	70	50	0.9	1.1	0.7
Filipino	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin American	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	12,775	6,215	6,560	98.1	98.0	98.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	13,020	6,340	6,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,625	2,280	2,340	35.5	36.0	35.0
English	640	315	320	4.9	5.0	4.8
Irish	1,245	585	660	9.6	9.2	9.9
Scottish	600	265	330	4.6	4.2	4.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,340	1,635	1,710	25.7	25.8	25.6
German	305	160	140	2.3	2.5	2.1
Chinese	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Italian	230	125	105	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indian (India)	60	15	40	0.5	0.2	0.6
Ukrainian	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	55	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Polish	110	55	55	0.8	0.9	0.8
Québécois	1,660	765	900	12.7	12.1	13.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	90	35	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Filipino	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
French Canadian	1,020	510	510	7.8	8.0	7.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	410	195	215	3.1	3.1	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	445	185	255	3.4	2.9	3.8
Métis	105	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	120	70	55	0.9	1.1	0.8
Russian	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Welsh	45	10	40	0.3	0.2	0.6
Portuguese	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
American	140	55	90	1.1	0.9	1.3
Spanish	170	75	95	1.3	1.2	1.4
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	110	55	55	0.8	0.9	0.8
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Belgian	60	40	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Haitian	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	65	40	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	75	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	50	15	35	0.4	0.2	0.5
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Norman	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	13,020	6,340	6,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Christian	8,640	4,085	4,560	66.4	64.4	68.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	480	235	245	3.7	3.7	3.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	275	100	175	2.1	1.6	2.6
Baptist	100	40	55	0.8	0.6	0.8
Catholic	7,235	3,435	3,795	55.6	54.2	56.9
Christian Orthodox	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	65	35	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	180	95	85	1.4	1.5	1.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	265	115	155	2.0	1.8	2.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	4,285	2,195	2,085	32.9	34.6	31.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	12,895	6,275	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,100	5,435	5,670	86.1	86.6	85.6
Movers	1,795	845	950	13.9	13.5	14.4
Non-migrants	785	350	430	6.1	5.6	6.5
Migrants	1,010	495	520	7.8	7.9	7.9
Internal migrants	970	460	510	7.5	7.3	7.7
Intraprovincial migrants	965	460	505	7.5	7.3	7.6
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
External migrants	40	35	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	12,385	6,025	6,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	6,455	3,210	3,250	52.1	53.3	51.1
Movers	5,930	2,820	3,110	47.9	46.8	48.9
Non-migrants	2,290	1,060	1,235	18.5	17.6	19.4
Migrants	3,640	1,760	1,880	29.4	29.2	29.6
Internal migrants	3,545	1,700	1,845	28.6	28.2	29.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,435	1,635	1,800	27.7	27.1	28.3
Interprovincial migrants	105	60	40	0.8	1.0	0.6
External migrants	95	60	30	0.8	1.0	0.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,910	5,285	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,010	1,645	1,365	27.6	31.1	24.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,900	3,640	4,265	72.4	68.9	75.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,350	3,080	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,235	745	490	19.4	24.2	15.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,115	2,340	2,775	80.6	76.0	85.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,910	5,285	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,735	1,450	1,285	25.1	27.4	22.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,065	1,410	1,655	28.1	26.7	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,110	2,425	2,685	46.8	45.9	47.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,870	1,905	1,960	35.5	36.0	34.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,945	1,085	860	17.8	20.5	15.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,460	715	745	13.4	13.5	13.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	485	370	110	4.4	7.0	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,650	730	925	15.1	13.8	16.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	95	175	2.5	1.8	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,245	520	725	11.4	9.8	12.9
Bachelor's degree	900	360	540	8.2	6.8	9.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	50	60	1.1	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	170	80	90	1.6	1.5	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,345	3,080	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,060	605	450	16.7	19.6	13.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,690	810	885	26.6	26.3	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,600	1,665	1,935	56.7	54.1	59.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,700	1,315	1,385	42.6	42.7	42.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,360	745	615	21.4	24.2	18.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,010	460	545	15.9	14.9	16.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	350	285	65	5.5	9.3	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,180	510	670	18.6	16.6	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	65	95	2.4	2.1	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	895	345	550	14.1	11.2	16.8
Bachelor's degree	645	245	400	10.2	8.0	12.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	25	45	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	145	70	75	2.3	2.3	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,915	5,280	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,800	2,860	2,940	53.1	54.2	52.2
Education	440	120	320	4.0	2.3	5.7
13. Education	440	120	320	4.0	2.3	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130	40	90	1.2	0.8	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	125	40	80	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	275	110	165	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	55	100	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
54. History	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	460	130	340	4.2	2.5	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	15	140	1.4	0.3	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	60	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
45. Social sciences	135	65	65	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	990	315	675	9.1	6.0	12.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	85	20	65	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	905	290	610	8.3	5.5	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	45	30	0.7	0.9	0.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	125	95	35	1.1	1.8	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	105	85	25	1.0	1.6	0.4
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,100	1,005	100	10.1	19.0	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
14. Engineering	75	65	10	0.7	1.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	230	205	25	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	310	285	20	2.8	5.4	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	215	15	2.1	4.1	0.3
48. Precision production	245	230	15	2.2	4.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	190	100	85	1.7	1.9	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	60	70	1.2	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	45	15	0.5	0.9	0.3
Health and related fields	645	130	515	5.9	2.5	9.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	595	110	490	5.5	2.1	8.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	670	330	335	6.1	6.3	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	395	90	300	3.6	1.7	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	130	105	20	1.2	2.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	135	15	1.4	2.6	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,350	3,080	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,750	1,415	1,335	43.3	45.9	40.9
Education	245	55	190	3.9	1.8	5.8
13. Education	245	55	190	3.9	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	115	40	75	1.8	1.3	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	105	40	70	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	165	65	95	2.6	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	25	50	1.3	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
54. History	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	400	95	300	6.3	3.1	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	0	30	0.6	0.0	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130	10	120	2.0	0.3	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	40	10	35	0.6	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	45	10	30	0.7	0.3	0.9
45. Social sciences	120	60	65	1.9	1.9	2.0
Business, management and public administration	665	215	450	10.5	7.0	13.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	20	45	1.0	0.6	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	600	195	405	9.4	6.3	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55	35	25	0.9	1.1	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	65	25	1.4	2.1	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	55	20	1.1	1.8	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	795	705	90	12.5	22.9	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
14. Engineering	65	55	10	1.0	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180	150	25	2.8	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	215	195	20	3.4	6.3	0.6
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	155	140	10	2.4	4.5	0.3
48. Precision production	170	155	15	2.7	5.0	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	75	85	2.4	2.4	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	105	45	65	1.7	1.5	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	30	15	0.7	1.0	0.5
Health and related fields	440	80	360	6.9	2.6	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	410	75	340	6.5	2.4	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	470	240	230	7.4	7.8	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	235	35	200	3.7	1.1	6.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	105	20	2.0	3.4	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	110	105	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,350	3,080	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750	1,415	1,335	43.3	45.9	40.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,600	1,665	1,930	56.7	54.1	59.1
Location of study inside Canada	3,480	1,620	1,860	54.8	52.6	57.0
Same as province or territory of residence	3,385	1,565	1,820	53.3	50.8	55.7
Different than province or territory of residence	90	50	40	1.4	1.6	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	120	50	70	1.9	1.6	2.1
Americas	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
United States of America	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Mexico	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	45	15	30	0.7	0.5	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	10,910	5,285	5,625	...	...	...
In the labour force	6,290	3,235	3,050	...	...	...
Employed	5,895	3,005	2,890	...	...	...
Unemployed	395	230	160	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,620	2,045	2,575	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.7	61.2	54.2	57.7	61.2	54.2
Employment rate	54.0	56.9	51.4	54.0	56.9	51.4
Unemployment rate	6.3	7.1	5.2	6.3	7.1	5.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	10,915	5,280	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,570	1,990	2,580	41.9	37.7	45.8
Worked	6,340	3,295	3,050	58.1	62.4	54.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,245	1,705	1,545	29.7	32.3	27.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,095	1,590	1,505	28.4	30.1	26.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.9	41.4	41.7	41.9	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,290	3,235	3,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	35	65	1.7	1.1	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,185	3,200	2,985	98.3	98.9	97.7
Employee	5,475	2,850	2,625	87.0	88.1	85.9
Permanent position	4,690	2,465	2,225	74.6	76.2	72.8
Temporary position	785	380	400	12.5	11.7	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	295	95	195	4.7	2.9	6.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	485	285	205	7.7	8.8	6.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	710	355	360	11.3	11.0	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,290	3,235	3,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	35	65	1.7	1.1	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,185	3,200	2,985	98.3	98.9	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	90	60	30	1.4	1.9	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	780	255	520	12.4	7.9	17.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	210	145	60	3.3	4.5	2.0
3 Health occupations	435	65	375	6.9	2.0	12.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	780	235	540	12.4	7.3	17.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	155	55	95	2.5	1.7	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	1,775	725	1,050	28.2	22.4	34.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,225	1,145	80	19.5	35.4	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	145	125	20	2.3	3.9	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	600	390	210	9.5	12.1	6.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,290	3,235	3,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	105	35	65	1.7	1.1	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	6,185	3,200	2,985	98.3	98.9	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110	75	35	1.7	2.3	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
22 Utilities	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
23 Construction	475	425	45	7.6	13.1	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,170	840	330	18.6	26.0	10.8
41 Wholesale trade	170	115	50	2.7	3.6	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	900	435	470	14.3	13.4	15.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	220	160	55	3.5	4.9	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	50	25	20	0.8	0.8	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	110	30	75	1.7	0.9	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	65	50	15	1.0	1.5	0.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	255	90	165	4.1	2.8	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	255	135	120	4.1	4.2	3.9
61 Educational services	355	100	255	5.6	3.1	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	785	115	665	12.5	3.6	21.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	120	80	40	1.9	2.5	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	400	130	275	6.4	4.0	9.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	360	155	205	5.7	4.8	6.7
91 Public administration	375	225	150	6.0	7.0	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,765	3,515	3,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	415	230	185	6.1	6.5	5.7
French	4,140	2,185	1,955	61.2	62.2	60.1
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,175	1,080	1,095	32.2	30.7	33.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,765	3,515	3,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	6,375	3,325	3,050	94.2	94.6	93.7
Official languages	6,365	3,315	3,050	94.1	94.3	93.7
English	660	335	320	9.8	9.5	9.8
French	5,700	2,975	2,725	84.3	84.6	83.7
Non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	390	190	205	5.8	5.4	6.3
English and French	390	190	200	5.8	5.4	6.1
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,765	3,515	3,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	4,945	2,610	2,340	73.1	74.3	71.9
English	1,545	780	770	22.8	22.2	23.7
French	255	120	135	3.8	3.4	4.1
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,895	3,005	2,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	630	235	395	10.7	7.8	13.7
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	640	445	195	10.9	14.8	6.7
Usual place of work	4,610	2,310	2,300	78.2	76.9	79.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,610	2,310	2,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,380	1,045	1,330	51.6	45.2	57.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,240	630	610	26.9	27.3	26.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	985	625	355	21.4	27.1	15.4
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,255	2,755	2,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,800	2,580	2,220	91.3	93.6	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,400	2,340	2,060	83.7	84.9	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	400	240	165	7.6	8.7	6.6
Public transit	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Walked	350	135	220	6.7	4.9	8.8
Bicycle	30	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	65	25	40	1.2	0.9	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,255	2,755	2,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,485	1,155	1,325	47.3	41.9	53.0
15 to 29 minutes	1,720	935	785	32.7	33.9	31.4
30 to 44 minutes	725	445	280	13.8	16.2	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	135	75	65	2.6	2.7	2.6
60 minutes and over	190	150	40	3.6	5.4	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,255	2,755	2,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	320	240	80	6.1	8.7	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,075	745	330	20.5	27.0	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,600	755	845	30.4	27.4	33.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,015	395	625	19.3	14.3	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	435	110	325	8.3	4.0	13.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	800	505	295	15.2	18.3	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,530	1,265	1,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	620	325	295	24.5	25.7	23.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,910	940	970	75.5	74.3	76.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,815	915	895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	420	225	190	23.1	24.6	21.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	180	140	17.6	19.7	15.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100	45	50	5.5	4.9	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,390	690	700	76.6	75.4	78.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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