Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Côte-du-Sud--Rivière-du-Loup--Kataskomiq--TémiscouataMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,215	58,330	57,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,430	8,470	7,960	14.1	14.5	13.8
0 to 4 years	4,795	2,420	2,370	4.1	4.1	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,530	2,875	2,655	4.8	4.9	4.6
10 to 14 years	6,105	3,175	2,935	5.3	5.4	5.1
15 to 64 years	66,765	34,105	32,660	57.4	58.5	56.4
15 to 19 years	5,570	2,920	2,655	4.8	5.0	4.6
20 to 24 years	4,725	2,500	2,220	4.1	4.3	3.8
25 to 29 years	5,025	2,585	2,435	4.3	4.4	4.2
30 to 34 years	5,570	2,830	2,735	4.8	4.9	4.7
35 to 39 years	5,935	3,095	2,840	5.1	5.3	4.9
40 to 44 years	6,635	3,370	3,260	5.7	5.8	5.6
45 to 49 years	6,330	3,255	3,070	5.4	5.6	5.3
50 to 54 years	6,760	3,420	3,340	5.8	5.9	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,280	4,670	4,615	8.0	8.0	8.0
60 to 64 years	10,940	5,455	5,485	9.4	9.4	9.5
65 years and over	33,015	15,755	17,265	28.4	27.0	29.8
65 to 69 years	10,290	5,185	5,105	8.9	8.9	8.8
70 to 74 years	8,720	4,330	4,390	7.5	7.4	7.6
75 to 79 years	6,205	3,075	3,135	5.3	5.3	5.4
80 to 84 years	3,795	1,775	2,015	3.3	3.0	3.5
85 years and over	4,000	1,390	2,615	3.4	2.4	4.5
85 to 89 years	2,365	875	1,485	2.0	1.5	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,305	420	885	1.1	0.7	1.5
95 to 99 years	300	85	215	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.5	13.8	14.1	14.5	13.8
15 to 64 years	57.4	58.5	56.4	57.4	58.5	56.4
65 years and over	28.4	27.0	29.8	28.4	27.0	29.8
85 years and over	3.4	2.4	4.5	3.4	2.4	4.5
Average age of the population	47.4	46.5	48.3	47.4	46.5	48.3
Median age of the population	51.6	50.4	52.8	51.6	50.4	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,295	...	...	69.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,150	...	...	4.0	...	...
Row house	570	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,455	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,105	...	...	18.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	385	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	695	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,850	...	...	37.0	...	...
2 persons	20,840	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	5,635	...	...	10.5	...	...
4 persons	4,825	...	...	9.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,575	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,785	49,860	49,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,830	29,495	29,335	59.0	59.2	58.8
Married	30,900	15,535	15,360	31.0	31.2	30.8
Living common-law	27,935	13,955	13,975	28.0	28.0	28.0
Living common law - Never married	23,190	11,540	11,650	23.2	23.1	23.3
Living common law - Separated	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,865	2,040	1,830	3.9	4.1	3.7
Living common law - Widowed	610	250	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	40,955	20,365	20,590	41.0	40.8	41.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,445	15,085	11,365	26.5	30.3	22.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,090	545	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,180	2,950	3,230	6.2	5.9	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,245	1,790	5,455	7.3	3.6	10.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,375	...	...	62.2	...	...
3 persons	5,365	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	4,680	...	...	14.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,340	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,765	...	...	87.8	...	...
Married couples	14,810	...	...	45.2	...	...
With children⁶	3,660	...	...	11.2	...	...
Without children	11,150	...	...	34.0	...	...
Common-law couples	13,955	...	...	42.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,150	...	...	21.8	...	...
Without children	6,810	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,000	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,830	...	...	8.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,170	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,750	56,575	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,115	44,315	43,800	78.9	78.3	79.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,525	28,760	28,770	51.5	50.8	52.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,000	1,170	2,830	3.6	2.1	5.1
Children⁶	26,590	14,390	12,205	23.8	25.4	22.1
In a two-parent family	20,445	10,985	9,460	18.3	19.4	17.1
In a one-parent family	6,145	3,405	2,740	5.5	6.0	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,630	12,255	11,375	21.1	21.7	20.6
Living alone	19,850	10,165	9,685	17.8	18.0	17.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,625	810	815	1.5	1.4	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,155	1,280	875	1.9	2.3	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,720	...	...	59.0	...	...
Couple-family households	28,035	...	...	52.2	...	...
With children⁶	10,515	...	...	19.6	...	...
Without children	17,515	...	...	32.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,690	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	505	...	...	0.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,280	...	...	2.4	...	...
One-person households	19,850	...	...	37.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,180	47,625	46,560	98.8	99.0	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,600	33,200	37,600	41,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,190	47,630	46,560	98.8	99.0	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,600	36,800	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,650	43,355	40,295	87.7	90.1	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	24,600	29,600	34,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,475	35,090	29,385	67.6	72.9	62.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	28,800	32,800	36,800	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,580	40,195	41,380	85.6	83.5	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,500	11,700	13,000	12,500	11,700	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,345	7,655	5,690	14.0	15.9	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,800	5,560	5,720	5,800	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,920	13,055	10,870	25.1	27.1	23.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,155	47,625	46,535	98.8	99.0	98.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	48,400	38,560	43,520	48,400	38,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,160	47,625	46,535	98.8	99.0	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,840	39,960	33,640	36,840	39,960	33,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,555	43,370	40,190	87.6	90.1	85.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,560	41,920	30,800	36,560	41,920	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,475	35,160	29,310	67.6	73.1	62.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,960	41,120	34,120	37,960	41,120	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,540	40,270	41,265	85.5	83.7	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,790	12,070	13,480	12,790	12,070	13,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,200	7,670	5,535	13.8	15.9	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040	6,660	7,560	7,040	6,660	7,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,725	12,925	10,800	24.9	26.9	22.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	6,480	7,510	6,950	6,480	7,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,020	16,790	13,225	31.5	34.9	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	50,800	46,000	48,400	50,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,600	57,200	51,300	54,600	57,200	51,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,885	13,750	13,135	28.2	28.6	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,600	16,600	20,000	24,600	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,080	31,960	21,920	27,080	31,960	21,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.6	79.0	69.0	74.6	79.0	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.7	62.8	55.8	59.7	62.8	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.4	21.1	31.0	25.4	21.1	31.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.4	5.8	5.0	4.4	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.5	4.0	3.6	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,155	495	660	1.2	1.0	1.4
With total income	94,180	47,625	46,560	98.8	99.0	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,505	2,195	3,310	5.8	4.6	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,315	5,150	8,165	14.1	10.8	17.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,990	8,610	9,385	19.1	18.1	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,635	6,575	7,060	14.5	13.8	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	13,745	7,225	6,515	14.6	15.2	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	10,850	6,270	4,580	11.5	13.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,735	4,090	2,640	7.2	8.6	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,015	2,465	1,545	4.3	5.2	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,825	1,575	1,250	3.0	3.3	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,015	795	1.9	2.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,755	2,450	1,310	4.0	5.1	2.8
$100,000 to $149,999	2,795	1,770	1,025	3.0	3.7	2.2
$150,000 and over	965	685	285	1.0	1.4	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,150	490	660	1.2	1.0	1.4
With after-tax income	94,195	47,630	46,560	98.8	99.0	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,890	2,345	3,550	6.3	4.9	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,995	5,485	8,515	14.9	11.5	18.3
$20,000 to $29,999	20,825	9,945	10,880	22.1	20.9	23.4
$30,000 to $39,999	17,825	9,210	8,620	18.9	19.3	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	15,855	9,110	6,745	16.8	19.1	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,845	5,225	3,620	9.4	11.0	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,840	2,725	2,115	5.1	5.7	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	1,400	1,250	2.8	2.9	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,420	820	600	1.5	1.7	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	735	475	260	0.8	1.0	0.5
$100,000 and over	1,300	890	410	1.4	1.9	0.9
$100,000 to $124,999	690	440	250	0.7	0.9	0.5
$125,000 and over	615	450	165	0.6	0.9	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,865	13,030	17,840	32.4	27.1	37.8
With employment income	64,475	35,090	29,385	67.6	72.9	62.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,720	4,950	3,770	13.5	14.1	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,155	2,275	2,875	8.0	6.5	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,310	3,790	4,520	12.9	10.8	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	7,805	3,740	4,065	12.1	10.7	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	8,225	4,305	3,915	12.7	12.3	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,260	4,615	3,645	12.8	13.1	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,860	3,795	2,060	9.1	10.8	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,910	2,595	1,315	6.1	7.4	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,480	1,500	980	3.8	4.3	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060	1,130	930	3.2	3.2	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	655	425	1.7	1.9	1.4
$100,000 and over	2,625	1,740	885	4.1	5.0	3.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,435	895	540	2.2	2.6	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,190	850	340	1.8	2.4	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,345	47,160	46,190	97.9	98.0	97.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,400	30,400	35,200	40,400	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,365	47,160	46,205	97.9	98.0	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	35,200	28,000	31,800	35,200	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,770	42,980	39,790	86.8	89.3	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,000	26,000	30,800	36,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,780	35,560	30,220	69.0	73.9	64.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,600	32,800	37,600	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,685	36,185	38,500	78.3	75.2	81.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,200	10,800	10,100	9,200	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,520	7,850	5,670	14.2	16.3	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,200	4,880	5,080	5,200	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,375	47,205	46,170	97.9	98.1	97.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	46,920	35,720	41,400	46,920	35,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,405	47,215	46,190	98.0	98.1	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,040	38,720	31,240	35,040	38,720	31,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,900	43,145	39,755	87.0	89.7	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,080	42,960	30,720	37,080	42,960	30,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,915	35,650	30,265	69.1	74.1	64.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,680	41,720	32,880	37,680	41,720	32,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,540	36,175	38,365	78.2	75.2	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,030	11,140	10,600	10,030	11,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,335	7,870	5,470	14.0	16.4	11.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,590	6,285	7,020	6,590	6,285	7,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,995	16,780	13,210	31.5	34.9	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	49,600	42,400	46,000	49,600	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,900	55,600	47,160	51,900	55,600	47,160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,985	13,285	12,705	27.3	27.6	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	29,600	20,600	24,000	29,600	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	36,040	24,860	30,560	36,040	24,860
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6	83.6	74.0	79.6	83.6	74.0
Employment income (%)	64.2	67.2	60.4	64.2	67.2	60.4
Government transfers (%)	20.4	16.4	25.9	20.4	16.4	25.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...	30,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,840	...	...	34,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,400	...	...	97,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	285	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	765	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,375	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,460	...	...	8.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,345	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,485	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,250	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,000	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,770	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,060	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,245	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,790	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,940	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,405	...	...	25.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,630	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,300	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,950	...	...	5.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,520	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	795	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,445	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,705	...	...	8.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,865	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,100	...	...	5.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,955	...	...	7.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,500	...	...	6.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,165	...	...	5.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,375	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,735	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,150	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,585	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,940	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,805	...	...	16.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,640	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,230	...	...	4.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,930	...	...	3.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	17,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,005	11,445	10,560	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	37,600	29,800	33,600	37,600	29,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	33,200	28,400	30,600	33,200	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,600	...	...	97,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,700	...	...	69,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,855	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,850	...	...	62,850	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,075	11,380	10,695	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,960	42,760	36,960	39,960	42,760	36,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,520	36,200	32,720	34,520	36,200	32,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,735	10,165	9,575	17.7	18.0	17.4
0 to 5 years	5,820	2,960	2,855	5.2	5.2	5.2
18 to 64 years	62,620	31,960	30,660	56.0	56.5	55.6
65 years and over	29,390	14,450	14,940	26.3	25.5	27.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,230	7,170	8,065	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,420	715	705	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	405	200	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,125	3,135	2,990	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,690	3,320	4,370	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.7	14.6	13.6	12.7	14.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.1	7.3	7.2	7.1	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	6.7	7.4	7.0	6.7	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.8	9.8	9.8	9.8	9.8
65 years and over (%)	26.2	23.0	29.2	26.2	23.0	29.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,735	10,165	9,575	17.7	18.0	17.4
0 to 5 years	5,820	2,960	2,855	5.2	5.2	5.2
18 to 64 years	62,620	31,960	30,660	56.0	56.5	55.6
65 years and over	29,390	14,450	14,940	26.3	25.5	27.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,420	1,305	1,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	175	90	80	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	15	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,965	1,095	875	...	...	...
65 years and over	280	120	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
0 to 5 years (%)	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.9
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.4	2.8	3.1	3.4	2.8
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,745	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	72,035	35,940	36,095	64.5	63.5	65.4
In bottom decile	11,590	5,475	6,120	10.4	9.7	11.1
In second decile	15,065	7,295	7,765	13.5	12.9	14.1
In third decile	15,595	7,855	7,745	14.0	13.9	14.0
In fourth decile	15,215	7,835	7,390	13.6	13.9	13.4
In fifth decile	14,565	7,485	7,085	13.0	13.2	12.8
In top half of the distribution	39,710	20,630	19,085	35.5	36.5	34.6
In sixth decile	12,695	6,580	6,115	11.4	11.6	11.1
In seventh decile	10,650	5,540	5,110	9.5	9.8	9.3
In eighth decile	7,910	4,085	3,825	7.1	7.2	6.9
In ninth decile	5,420	2,795	2,625	4.9	4.9	4.8
In top decile	3,035	1,625	1,405	2.7	2.9	2.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,745	...	...	111,745	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.434	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,385	57,595	56,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	175	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
French only	91,415	44,975	46,440	79.9	78.1	81.8
English and French	22,585	12,325	10,255	19.7	21.4	18.1
Neither English nor French	205	180	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,385	57,595	56,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	695	365	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
French	113,305	56,950	56,355	99.1	98.9	99.2
English and French	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	205	175	25	0.2	0.3	0.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,385	57,595	56,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,855	57,305	56,550	99.5	99.5	99.6
Official languages	112,985	56,755	56,230	98.8	98.5	99.0
English	615	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	112,370	56,445	55,920	98.2	98.0	98.5
Non-official languages	870	550	315	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	870	550	315	0.8	1.0	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	450	300	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	270	100	0.3	0.5	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	320	245	80	0.3	0.4	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	535	290	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	375	205	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,385	57,595	56,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	280	155	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
French	111,525	55,960	55,565	97.5	97.2	97.8
Non-official language	320	255	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	320	255	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
English and French	1,595	885	710	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,385	57,595	56,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,980	57,380	56,605	99.6	99.6	99.7
Official languages	113,490	57,035	56,455	99.2	99.0	99.4
English	440	245	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
French	113,055	56,795	56,260	98.8	98.6	99.1
Non-official languages	495	340	150	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	490	345	150	0.4	0.6	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	300	230	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	270	215	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	205	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	400	215	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	260	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,385	57,595	56,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	112,495	56,565	55,930	98.3	98.2	98.5
English	1,250	700	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
French	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,555	56,420	55,135	99.8	99.7	99.9
English	22,665	12,465	10,195	20.3	22.0	18.5
French	111,340	56,265	55,075	99.6	99.5	99.8
Non-official languages	3,145	1,600	1,540	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,135	1,595	1,535	2.8	2.8	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	320	200	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	310	185	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,355	1,145	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	245	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,135	1,035	1,095	1.9	1.8	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,995	945	1,050	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,745	56,575	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,775	900	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,620	810	810	1.4	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	900	430	470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Métis	705	380	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,980	55,670	54,305	98.4	98.4	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,745	56,575	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	420	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,330	56,365	54,960	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,340	...	...	71.4	...	...
Renter	15,380	...	...	28.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,865	...	...	5.3	...	...
Not condominium	50,860	...	...	94.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	5,800	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,275	...	...	26.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,665	...	...	34.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,740	...	...	27.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,750	...	...	25.6	...	...
5 rooms	8,745	...	...	16.3	...	...
6 rooms	8,235	...	...	15.3	...	...
7 rooms	7,290	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,700	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,620	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,150	...	...	98.9	...	...
Not suitable	575	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	20,575	...	...	38.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,855	...	...	27.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,390	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,450	...	...	8.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,810	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,000	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,120	...	...	3.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,515	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,200	...	...	93.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,515	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,295	...	...	60.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,750	...	...	38.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	675	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,470	...	...	2.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,485	...	...	10.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,165	...	...	13.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,770	...	...	14.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,130	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,775	...	...	21.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,285	...	...	11.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,645	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	48,225	...	...	91.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,510	...	...	8.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,155	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,130	...	...	15.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,110	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not suitable only	490	...	...	0.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,060	...	...	5.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	385	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	45,595	...	...	84.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
Not in core need	50,460	...	...	96.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.5	...	...	50.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	645	...	...	645	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	792	...	...	792	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	191,000	...	...	191,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,295	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.5	...	...	15.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	560	...	...	560	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	575	...	...	575	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,950	1,000	945	1.7	1.8	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,930	1,000	935	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,635	850	785	1.5	1.5	1.4
Métis single ancestry	290	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,945	970	975	1.7	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,920	960	960	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,715	865	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,855	54,600	53,255	96.5	96.5	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,745	56,575	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,525	55,815	54,705	98.9	98.7	99.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,640	10,145	9,500	17.6	17.9	17.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,880	45,670	45,215	81.3	80.7	81.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,225	755	465	1.1	1.3	0.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,745	56,575	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	109,615	55,380	54,230	98.1	97.9	98.3
Immigrants⁸¹	1,370	660	720	1.2	1.2	1.3
Before 1980	280	110	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
1980 to 1990	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	295	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	490	255	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
2011 to 2015	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
2016 to 2021	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	760	535	230	0.7	0.9	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,375	655	720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	190	80	110	13.8	12.2	15.3
5 to 14 years	260	125	130	18.9	19.1	18.1
15 to 24 years	180	70	110	13.1	10.7	15.3
25 to 44 years	665	320	345	48.4	48.9	47.9
45 years and over	85	65	20	6.2	9.9	2.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,375	655	720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	295	115	180	21.5	17.6	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	55	35	20	4.0	5.3	2.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	15	0.7	0.0	2.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	105	40	70	7.6	6.1	9.7
Other places of birth in Americas	90	20	75	6.5	3.1	10.4
Europe	640	305	335	46.5	46.6	46.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	450	215	235	32.7	32.8	32.6
Germany	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	2.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	20	1.8	1.5	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	90	55	40	6.5	8.4	5.6
Africa	245	140	110	17.8	21.4	15.3
Algeria	75	45	35	5.5	6.9	4.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	20	2.2	2.3	2.8
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	75	60	9.1	11.5	8.3
Asia	185	95	90	13.5	14.5	12.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	3.6	3.1	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	25	10	2.2	3.8	1.4
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	35	25	4.0	5.3	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	295	150	145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20	0	20	6.8	0.0	13.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	20	6.8	0.0	13.8
Europe	120	65	55	40.7	43.3	37.9
France	100	50	50	33.9	33.3	34.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	5.1	6.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	110	55	45	37.3	36.7	31.0
Algeria	45	20	30	15.3	13.3	20.7
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	3.4	0.0	6.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	3.4	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	10.2	13.3	6.9
Asia	55	30	25	18.6	20.0	17.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	5.1	6.7	6.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	15	10	8.5	10.0	6.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,745	56,570	55,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,425	1,290	1,125	2.2	2.3	2.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,720	900	815	1.5	1.6	1.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	107,610	54,375	53,235	96.3	96.1	96.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,095	540	545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	640	340	295	58.4	63.0	54.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	325	195	130	29.7	36.1	23.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	315	145	165	28.8	26.9	30.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	410	180	230	37.4	33.3	42.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	25	15	3.2	4.6	2.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,095	540	545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	175	80	95	16.0	14.8	17.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	100	65	40	9.1	12.0	7.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	0	1.4	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	770	385	390	70.3	71.3	71.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,570	900	670	1.4	1.6	1.2
South Asian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	120	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Black	465	245	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Filipino	125	105	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Arab	255	160	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	325	225	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Southeast Asian	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	110,180	55,675	54,510	98.6	98.4	98.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	48,740	24,355	24,380	43.6	43.1	44.2
English	465	245	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Irish	2,140	1,035	1,100	1.9	1.8	2.0
Scottish	720	345	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,665	12,580	12,090	22.1	22.2	21.9
German	560	250	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese	125	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	455	230	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indian (India)	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	17,930	9,075	8,850	16.0	16.0	16.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Filipino	130	105	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
French Canadian	13,135	6,680	6,460	11.8	11.8	11.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,870	940	925	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,495	735	765	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	530	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,020	475	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Russian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	115	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	435	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	985	435	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,325	1,210	1,120	2.1	2.1	2.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	440	260	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	300	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	65	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	260	90	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	110	105	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	160	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	275	165	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,750	56,570	55,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	93,300	46,805	46,495	83.5	82.7	84.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,955	3,570	3,385	6.2	6.3	6.1
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catholic	85,410	42,820	42,590	76.4	75.7	77.2
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	370	215	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	17,860	9,440	8,420	16.0	16.7	15.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,845	56,095	54,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,405	51,460	49,945	91.5	91.7	91.2
Movers	9,435	4,635	4,800	8.5	8.3	8.8
Non-migrants	4,380	2,150	2,225	4.0	3.8	4.1
Migrants	5,055	2,490	2,570	4.6	4.4	4.7
Internal migrants	4,800	2,360	2,435	4.3	4.2	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,610	2,270	2,340	4.2	4.0	4.3
Interprovincial migrants	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,000	54,130	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,240	38,330	36,905	70.3	70.8	69.8
Movers	31,765	15,795	15,970	29.7	29.2	30.2
Non-migrants	10,535	5,245	5,295	9.8	9.7	10.0
Migrants	21,225	10,555	10,675	19.8	19.5	20.2
Internal migrants	20,310	9,970	10,340	19.0	18.4	19.6
Intraprovincial migrants	19,890	9,790	10,105	18.6	18.1	19.1
Interprovincial migrants	420	185	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	915	580	335	0.9	1.1	0.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,605	15,300	11,305	27.9	31.8	23.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,735	32,820	35,915	72.1	68.2	76.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,785	28,195	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,450	7,255	4,195	20.5	25.7	15.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,330	20,935	23,395	79.5	74.3	84.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,525	12,970	10,550	24.7	27.0	22.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,560	8,920	10,640	20.5	18.5	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,255	26,230	26,025	54.8	54.5	55.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40,845	21,495	19,350	42.8	44.7	41.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,200	14,285	7,920	23.3	29.7	16.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,965	10,110	6,855	17.8	21.0	14.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,235	4,170	1,065	5.5	8.7	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,020	6,370	9,645	16.8	13.2	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,625	840	1,785	2.8	1.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,410	4,735	6,680	12.0	9.8	14.1
Bachelor's degree	7,985	3,125	4,860	8.4	6.5	10.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	925	425	505	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	395	205	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,825	850	975	1.9	1.8	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,780	28,195	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,420	5,745	3,675	16.9	20.4	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,030	4,250	4,780	16.2	15.1	17.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,330	18,195	19,135	66.9	64.5	69.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,055	15,130	13,920	52.1	53.7	50.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,295	10,195	6,105	29.2	36.2	22.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,580	7,235	5,345	22.6	25.7	19.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,715	2,955	760	6.7	10.5	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,275	4,460	6,815	20.2	15.8	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,480	480	1,005	2.7	1.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,275	3,060	5,210	14.8	10.9	18.9
Bachelor's degree	5,845	2,130	3,715	10.5	7.6	13.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	215	375	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	110	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,345	520	820	2.4	1.8	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	90	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,085	21,890	21,200	45.2	45.5	44.9
Education	5,035	1,165	3,865	5.3	2.4	8.2
13. Education	5,035	1,165	3,865	5.3	2.4	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,175	455	715	1.2	0.9	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,050	375	675	1.1	0.8	1.4
Humanities	1,840	835	1,010	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,055	470	585	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250	75	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,740	590	2,150	2.9	1.2	4.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255	70	190	0.3	0.1	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	60	925	1.0	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	415	140	275	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	410	65	345	0.4	0.1	0.7
45. Social sciences	565	230	335	0.6	0.5	0.7
Business, management and public administration	9,780	2,595	7,180	10.3	5.4	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	150	590	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,025	2,445	6,585	9.5	5.1	13.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,165	685	485	1.2	1.4	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	340	165	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	325	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
40. Physical sciences	225	185	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	120	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	845	595	250	0.9	1.2	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	695	545	145	0.7	1.1	0.3
25. Library science	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,615	12,905	710	14.3	26.8	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	260	175	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	925	815	110	1.0	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,125	1,900	230	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,200	3,120	85	3.4	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,795	3,700	100	4.0	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	3,310	3,215	100	3.5	6.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,400	2,440	965	3.6	5.1	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,270	1,475	795	2.4	3.1	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,130	960	170	1.2	2.0	0.4
Health and related fields	7,325	1,175	6,145	7.7	2.4	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	440	235	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,745	895	5,850	7.1	1.9	12.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,335	2,780	2,550	5.6	5.8	5.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,175	860	2,320	3.3	1.8	4.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	525	405	120	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,615	1,500	115	1.7	3.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,780	28,190	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,450	9,995	8,455	33.1	35.5	30.6
Education	3,015	540	2,470	5.4	1.9	9.0
13. Education	3,015	540	2,470	5.4	1.9	9.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	890	285	600	1.6	1.0	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	805	235	565	1.4	0.8	2.0
Humanities	1,040	470	575	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	620	290	325	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	40	105	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,020	335	1,690	3.6	1.2	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	50	140	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	45	725	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	285	65	220	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	315	40	280	0.6	0.1	1.0
45. Social sciences	390	125	265	0.7	0.4	1.0
Business, management and public administration	7,320	1,785	5,530	13.1	6.3	20.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	95	445	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,765	1,690	5,080	12.1	6.0	18.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	645	415	230	1.2	1.5	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	110	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	170	140	30	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	95	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	675	505	175	1.2	1.8	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	485	115	1.1	1.7	0.4
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,975	9,355	620	17.9	33.2	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	180	100	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	780	685	100	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,580	1,370	210	2.8	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,295	2,230	65	4.1	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,705	2,610	95	4.8	9.3	0.3
48. Precision production	2,435	2,360	75	4.4	8.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,595	1,760	840	4.7	6.2	3.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,765	1,070	690	3.2	3.8	2.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	835	690	150	1.5	2.4	0.5
Health and related fields	5,095	730	4,365	9.1	2.6	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	140	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,680	560	4,120	8.4	2.0	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,050	2,015	2,035	7.3	7.1	7.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,390	550	1,840	4.3	2.0	6.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	420	325	100	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,225	1,130	95	2.2	4.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,780	28,190	27,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,450	9,995	8,455	33.1	35.5	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,330	18,195	19,135	66.9	64.5	69.4
Location of study inside Canada	36,550	17,735	18,810	65.5	62.9	68.2
Same as province or territory of residence	36,020	17,480	18,540	64.6	62.0	67.2
Different than province or territory of residence	525	255	275	0.9	0.9	1.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	780	460	325	1.4	1.6	1.2
Americas	155	110	40	0.3	0.4	0.1
United States of America	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexico	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	70	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Europe	375	175	200	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belgium	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	305	155	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	170	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	90	65	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,340	48,120	47,220	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,820	29,940	25,875	...	...	...
Employed	52,030	28,000	24,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,785	1,945	1,845	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	39,525	18,175	21,345	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.2	54.8	58.5	62.2	54.8
Employment rate	54.6	58.2	50.9	54.6	58.2	50.9
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.5	7.1	6.8	6.5	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,340	48,120	47,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,930	16,735	20,190	38.7	34.8	42.8
Worked	58,410	31,385	27,030	61.3	65.2	57.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,670	17,205	13,460	32.2	35.8	28.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,740	14,175	13,570	29.1	29.5	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.2	41.3	41.8	42.2	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,815	29,945	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	405	475	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,940	29,535	25,400	98.4	98.6	98.2
Employee	48,255	25,340	22,915	86.5	84.6	88.6
Permanent position	40,175	21,060	19,120	72.0	70.3	73.9
Temporary position	8,080	4,285	3,800	14.5	14.3	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,265	990	1,275	4.1	3.3	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,815	3,290	2,525	10.4	11.0	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,685	4,195	2,485	12.0	14.0	9.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,815	29,945	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	405	475	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,940	29,535	25,400	98.4	98.6	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	955	655	295	1.7	2.2	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,320	1,990	5,330	13.1	6.6	20.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,680	1,985	695	4.8	6.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,445	695	3,750	8.0	2.3	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,875	1,245	4,635	10.5	4.2	17.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,095	505	590	2.0	1.7	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	12,740	5,195	7,545	22.8	17.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,915	10,230	685	19.6	34.2	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,585	2,950	635	6.4	9.9	2.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,320	4,080	1,245	9.5	13.6	4.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,815	29,945	25,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	405	475	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	54,940	29,535	25,400	98.4	98.6	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,110	3,095	1,015	7.4	10.3	3.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	800	680	120	1.4	2.3	0.5
22 Utilities	215	170	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	3,545	3,120	425	6.4	10.4	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	10,510	7,885	2,625	18.8	26.3	10.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,055	780	275	1.9	2.6	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,450	2,955	3,500	11.6	9.9	13.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,760	2,240	525	4.9	7.5	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	290	220	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,115	310	810	2.0	1.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	355	220	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,000	915	1,085	3.6	3.1	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,255	805	455	2.2	2.7	1.8
61 Educational services	3,745	970	2,775	6.7	3.2	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,515	1,385	7,130	15.3	4.6	27.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	500	265	240	0.9	0.9	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,860	1,015	1,845	5.1	3.4	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,700	1,435	1,270	4.8	4.8	4.9
91 Public administration	2,110	1,055	1,060	3.8	3.5	4.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,300	32,790	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	330	235	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
French	56,375	29,695	26,685	92.0	90.6	93.6
Non-official language	75	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	4,240	2,625	1,620	6.9	8.0	5.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	180	145	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,300	32,790	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,830	32,520	28,310	99.2	99.2	99.3
Official languages	60,670	32,395	28,275	99.0	98.8	99.2
English	770	520	250	1.3	1.6	0.9
French	59,900	31,875	28,025	97.7	97.2	98.3
Non-official languages	160	125	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	125	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	130	120	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	120	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	120	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	470	265	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	450	260	195	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,300	32,790	28,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,245	30,245	27,000	93.4	92.2	94.7
English	3,380	2,095	1,285	5.5	6.4	4.5
French	500	350	155	0.8	1.1	0.5
Non-official language	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,030	27,995	24,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,575	3,180	3,400	12.6	11.4	14.1
Worked outside Canada	80	65	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,900	3,710	1,190	9.4	13.3	5.0
Usual place of work	40,475	21,040	19,430	77.8	75.2	80.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,475	21,045	19,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,245	9,760	9,485	47.5	46.4	48.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,120	6,655	6,460	32.4	31.6	33.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,860	4,475	3,385	19.4	21.3	17.4
Commute to a different province or territory	255	150	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,375	24,750	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,080	22,490	18,590	90.5	90.9	90.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,300	21,650	17,650	86.6	87.5	85.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,780	845	935	3.9	3.4	4.5
Public transit	160	100	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Walked	3,150	1,500	1,650	6.9	6.1	8.0
Bicycle	245	210	30	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other method	740	455	290	1.6	1.8	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,375	24,750	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,795	12,965	11,830	54.6	52.4	57.4
15 to 29 minutes	12,380	6,600	5,780	27.3	26.7	28.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,725	2,705	2,020	10.4	10.9	9.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,870	1,265	605	4.1	5.1	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,610	1,220	390	3.5	4.9	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,375	24,750	20,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,665	2,760	905	8.1	11.2	4.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,905	6,475	2,430	19.6	26.2	11.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,005	7,565	7,440	33.1	30.6	36.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,490	2,985	5,505	18.7	12.1	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,610	915	1,695	5.8	3.7	8.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,705	4,060	2,645	14.8	16.4	12.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,145	10,380	9,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	665	330	335	3.3	3.2	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,480	10,050	9,430	96.7	96.8	96.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,035	7,800	7,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	535	255	280	3.6	3.3	3.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	135	160	2.0	1.7	2.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	120	120	1.6	1.5	1.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,500	7,545	6,955	96.4	96.7	96.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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