Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Côte-Saint-Luc, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	34,504	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	32,448	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,548	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,603	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,903.7	...	...	4,903.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.04	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	34,505	16,010	18,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,030	3,115	2,915	17.5	19.5	15.8
0 to 4 years	1,870	960	915	5.4	6.0	4.9
5 to 9 years	2,085	1,070	1,015	6.0	6.7	5.5
10 to 14 years	2,070	1,080	990	6.0	6.7	5.4
15 to 64 years	18,565	8,855	9,705	53.8	55.3	52.5
15 to 19 years	1,850	945	900	5.4	5.9	4.9
20 to 24 years	1,845	945	905	5.3	5.9	4.9
25 to 29 years	1,635	815	820	4.7	5.1	4.4
30 to 34 years	1,780	835	940	5.2	5.2	5.1
35 to 39 years	2,040	920	1,120	5.9	5.7	6.1
40 to 44 years	2,195	1,020	1,170	6.4	6.4	6.3
45 to 49 years	1,915	910	1,005	5.5	5.7	5.4
50 to 54 years	1,845	855	990	5.3	5.3	5.4
55 to 59 years	1,705	795	915	4.9	5.0	4.9
60 to 64 years	1,760	815	945	5.1	5.1	5.1
65 years and over	9,910	4,040	5,870	28.7	25.2	31.7
65 to 69 years	1,980	860	1,115	5.7	5.4	6.0
70 to 74 years	2,290	990	1,300	6.6	6.2	7.0
75 to 79 years	1,945	810	1,130	5.6	5.1	6.1
80 to 84 years	1,535	605	925	4.4	3.8	5.0
85 years and over	2,165	770	1,395	6.3	4.8	7.5
85 to 89 years	1,135	435	705	3.3	2.7	3.8
90 to 94 years	695	255	440	2.0	1.6	2.4
95 to 99 years	290	65	220	0.8	0.4	1.2
100 years and over	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	19.5	15.8	17.5	19.5	15.8
15 to 64 years	53.8	55.3	52.5	53.8	55.3	52.5
65 years and over	28.7	25.2	31.7	28.7	25.2	31.7
85 years and over	6.3	4.8	7.5	6.3	4.8	7.5
Average age of the population	45.2	42.9	47.3	45.2	42.9	47.3
Median age of the population	44.8	42.0	47.2	44.8	42.0	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	1,990	...	...	13.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,510	...	...	10.3	...	...
Row house	700	...	...	4.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	750	...	...	5.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,475	...	...	10.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,180	...	...	56.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,305	...	...	36.3	...	...
2 persons	4,470	...	...	30.6	...	...
3 persons	1,955	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	1,655	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,220	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	33,710	15,740	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,475	12,900	15,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	15,555	7,725	7,830	54.6	59.9	50.3
Married	14,385	7,145	7,240	50.5	55.4	46.5
Living common-law	1,170	575	590	4.1	4.5	3.8
Living common law - Never married	760	370	390	2.7	2.9	2.5
Living common law - Separated	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	310	155	150	1.1	1.2	1.0
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	12,915	5,175	7,740	45.4	40.1	49.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,280	3,710	3,575	25.6	28.8	23.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	550	195	360	1.9	1.5	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,485	845	1,640	8.7	6.6	10.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,590	420	2,175	9.1	3.3	14.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,390	...	...	48.9	...	...
3 persons	1,895	...	...	21.1	...	...
4 persons	1,615	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,085	...	...	12.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,510	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	6,920	...	...	77.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,805	...	...	42.3	...	...
Without children	3,120	...	...	34.7	...	...
Common-law couples	585	...	...	6.5	...	...
With children⁶	210	...	...	2.3	...	...
Without children	375	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,480	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,245	...	...	13.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	235	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	33,710	15,745	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	27,070	13,280	13,790	80.3	84.3	76.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,015	7,500	7,515	44.5	47.6	41.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,480	235	1,240	4.4	1.5	6.9
Children⁶	10,580	5,550	5,030	31.4	35.2	28.0
In a two-parent family	8,340	4,340	3,995	24.7	27.6	22.2
In a one-parent family	2,235	1,210	1,030	6.6	7.7	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,645	2,460	4,185	19.7	15.6	23.3
Living alone	5,310	1,870	3,435	15.8	11.9	19.1
Living with other relatives⁷	660	260	405	2.0	1.7	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	675	325	350	2.0	2.1	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,430	...	...	57.7	...	...
Couple-family households	7,125	...	...	48.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,785	...	...	25.9	...	...
Without children	3,340	...	...	22.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,305	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	210	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	220	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	415	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	5,305	...	...	36.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,680	12,625	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,740	12,165	14,580	96.6	96.4	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	39,600	37,200	38,000	39,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,750	12,165	14,580	96.6	96.4	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,600	33,600	34,400	35,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,855	10,920	12,935	86.2	86.5	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	33,600	25,000	28,200	33,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,100	8,425	8,675	61.8	66.7	57.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	32,800	24,200	27,600	32,800	24,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,175	9,945	13,235	83.7	78.8	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,100	13,100	14,900	14,100	13,100	14,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,310	935	1,375	8.3	7.4	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	6,000	5,560	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,160	4,575	4,585	33.1	36.2	30.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	9,000	8,500	8,500	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,715	12,660	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,730	12,175	14,560	96.4	96.2	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,600	71,000	50,040	59,600	71,000	50,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,745	12,175	14,565	96.5	96.2	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,720	53,600	41,000	46,720	53,600	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,785	10,920	12,865	85.8	86.3	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	67,700	41,200	53,400	67,700	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,100	8,490	8,610	61.7	67.1	57.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,480	62,200	36,920	49,480	62,200	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,190	9,995	13,190	83.7	78.9	87.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,960	12,500	15,060	13,960	12,500	15,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,150	890	1,265	7.8	7.0	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	5,790	7,940	7,060	5,790	7,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,135	4,630	4,505	33.0	36.6	29.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,590	9,590	9,580	9,590	9,590	9,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,710	12,660	15,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,965	3,870	3,090	25.1	30.6	20.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,800	52,400	57,600	62,800	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,400	99,400	65,600	84,400	99,400	65,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,635	3,540	4,095	27.6	28.0	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	16,200	13,600	14,700	16,200	13,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,480	34,400	23,340	28,480	34,400	23,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	85.6	72.8	79.6	85.6	72.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.1	61.1	43.6	53.1	61.1	43.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.3	14.4	27.3	20.3	14.4	27.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.4	1.0	0.6	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.6	6.8	6.2	5.6	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	5.1	5.9	5.5	5.1	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,685	12,630	15,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	940	460	475	3.4	3.6	3.2
With total income	26,745	12,165	14,575	96.6	96.3	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,500	1,145	1,355	9.3	9.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,210	1,430	1,775	12.0	11.8	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,775	2,055	2,720	17.9	16.9	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,480	1,490	1,990	13.0	12.2	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,920	1,225	1,695	10.9	10.1	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,130	875	1,255	8.0	7.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,600	645	950	6.0	5.3	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	505	670	4.4	4.2	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	875	405	470	3.3	3.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	755	375	380	2.8	3.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	3,325	2,010	1,315	12.4	16.5	9.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,700	900	805	6.4	7.4	5.5
$150,000 and over	1,625	1,110	515	6.1	9.1	3.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,685	12,630	15,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	935	460	475	3.4	3.6	3.2
With after-tax income	26,750	12,170	14,580	96.6	96.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,615	1,190	1,430	9.8	9.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,410	1,545	1,870	12.7	12.7	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,365	2,310	3,055	20.1	19.0	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,175	1,790	2,380	15.6	14.7	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,225	1,340	1,880	12.1	11.0	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,225	925	1,295	8.3	7.6	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,460	645	820	5.5	5.3	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	495	540	3.9	4.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	730	345	385	2.7	2.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	510	270	240	1.9	2.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,995	1,310	685	7.5	10.8	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	750	440	310	2.8	3.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,245	870	370	4.7	7.1	2.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,685	12,630	15,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,580	4,205	6,380	38.2	33.3	42.4
With employment income	17,095	8,420	8,675	61.7	66.7	57.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,020	1,395	1,625	17.7	16.6	18.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,905	855	1,055	11.1	10.2	12.2
$10,000 to $19,999	2,300	1,050	1,250	13.5	12.5	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,700	740	955	9.9	8.8	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,475	670	800	8.6	8.0	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,405	670	735	8.2	8.0	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	980	470	510	5.7	5.6	5.9
$60,000 to $69,999	775	385	395	4.5	4.6	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	600	320	285	3.5	3.8	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	540	270	270	3.2	3.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	435	270	165	2.5	3.2	1.9
$100,000 and over	1,965	1,330	630	11.5	15.8	7.3
$100,000 to $124,999	645	365	275	3.8	4.3	3.2
$125,000 and over	1,315	965	350	7.7	11.5	4.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,680	12,625	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,795	11,695	14,100	93.2	92.6	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,200	34,000	35,200	37,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,800	11,695	14,100	93.2	92.6	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	33,600	31,200	32,400	33,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,310	10,700	12,615	84.2	84.8	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,800	26,800	30,200	34,800	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,985	8,380	8,605	61.4	66.4	57.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,200	26,200	29,600	33,200	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,015	8,770	12,250	75.9	69.5	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	4,920	11,500	9,500	4,920	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,575	605	970	5.7	4.8	6.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	3,960	6,850	5,280	3,960	6,850
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,715	12,660	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,740	11,700	14,040	92.9	92.4	93.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,100	65,500	46,440	55,100	65,500	46,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,745	11,705	14,040	92.9	92.5	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	49,520	38,440	43,480	49,520	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,185	10,715	12,465	83.7	84.6	82.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,950	64,700	40,960	51,950	64,700	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,840	8,435	8,410	60.8	66.6	55.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,920	59,550	38,240	48,920	59,550	38,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,965	8,735	12,225	75.6	69.0	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,180	8,270	11,540	10,180	8,270	11,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,530	605	920	5.5	4.8	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960	5,360	9,680	7,960	5,360	9,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,710	12,660	15,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,825	3,800	3,030	24.6	30.0	20.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	59,200	47,600	52,400	59,200	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,500	87,900	59,950	75,500	87,900	59,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,945	3,265	3,675	25.1	25.8	24.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	22,200	21,200	21,600	22,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,560	41,760	30,040	35,560	41,760	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	90.6	78.4	85.0	90.6	78.4
Employment income (%)	58.1	65.6	49.3	58.1	65.6	49.3
Government transfers (%)	15.0	9.4	21.6	15.0	9.4	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.4	1.4	0.9	0.4	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,250	...	...	57,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960	...	...	44,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	280	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	935	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	670	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	600	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	645	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	660	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	600	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,095	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,040	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	695	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,130	...	...	35.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,365	...	...	9.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	945	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,125	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,700	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	985	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	760	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	735	...	...	5.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	775	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	795	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	680	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,270	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	990	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	850	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	735	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,010	...	...	27.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,345	...	...	9.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	835	...	...	5.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,840	...	...	12.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,980	2,200	3,780	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	35,200	38,000	36,800	35,200	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	32,000	34,400	33,600	32,000	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,200	...	...	168,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,885	2,110	3,775	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,600	65,900	54,500	58,600	65,900	54,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,280	49,760	42,800	45,280	49,760	42,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	33,715	15,740	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,180	3,685	3,495	21.3	23.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	2,280	1,180	1,095	6.8	7.5	6.1
18 to 64 years	17,385	8,260	9,120	51.6	52.5	50.8
65 years and over	9,150	3,795	5,360	27.1	24.1	29.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,765	2,100	2,660	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	900	465	435	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	300	155	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,380	1,135	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,480	500	980	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.1	13.4	14.8	14.1	13.4	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.5	12.6	12.6	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	13.2	13.0	13.1	13.2	13.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.8	13.6	13.7	13.8	13.6
65 years and over (%)	16.2	13.3	18.2	16.2	13.3	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	33,710	15,745	17,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,180	3,690	3,490	21.3	23.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	2,285	1,185	1,095	6.8	7.5	6.1
18 to 64 years	17,380	8,260	9,125	51.6	52.5	50.8
65 years and over	9,155	3,795	5,355	27.2	24.1	29.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,740	1,275	1,465	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	550	295	260	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	100	85	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,620	790	835	...	...	...
65 years and over	565	190	375	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1	8.1	8.2	8.1	8.1	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7	8.0	7.4	7.7	8.0	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.1	8.4	7.7	8.1	8.4	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.6	9.1	9.3	9.6	9.1
65 years and over (%)	6.2	5.0	7.0	6.2	5.0	7.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	33,710	15,740	17,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,610	8,410	10,200	55.2	53.4	56.8
In bottom decile	4,085	1,850	2,230	12.1	11.8	12.4
In second decile	3,915	1,670	2,240	11.6	10.6	12.5
In third decile	3,675	1,675	2,000	10.9	10.6	11.1
In fourth decile	3,640	1,675	1,965	10.8	10.6	10.9
In fifth decile	3,300	1,535	1,765	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	15,105	7,330	7,775	44.8	46.6	43.3
In sixth decile	3,050	1,465	1,580	9.0	9.3	8.8
In seventh decile	2,750	1,320	1,425	8.2	8.4	7.9
In eighth decile	2,505	1,200	1,305	7.4	7.6	7.3
In ninth decile	2,750	1,330	1,420	8.2	8.4	7.9
In top decile	4,050	2,020	2,035	12.0	12.8	11.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	33,710	...	...	33,710	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.556	...	...	0.556	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.359	...	...	0.359	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,975	15,835	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	9,740	4,085	5,660	28.7	25.8	31.2
French only	2,065	920	1,145	6.1	5.8	6.3
English and French	21,590	10,555	11,030	63.5	66.7	60.8
Neither English nor French	580	275	305	1.7	1.7	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,975	15,835	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,320	9,795	11,530	62.8	61.9	63.6
French	8,340	3,965	4,375	24.5	25.0	24.1
English and French	3,760	1,815	1,945	11.1	11.5	10.7
Neither English nor French	545	260	290	1.6	1.6	1.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,975	15,835	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	31,370	14,625	16,750	92.3	92.4	92.3
Official languages	19,980	9,300	10,680	58.8	58.7	58.9
English	13,515	6,190	7,325	39.8	39.1	40.4
French	6,465	3,110	3,350	19.0	19.6	18.5
Non-official languages	11,390	5,320	6,070	33.5	33.6	33.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,390	5,320	6,065	33.5	33.6	33.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,655	845	820	4.9	5.3	4.5
Berber languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,650	835	810	4.9	5.3	4.5
Amharic	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	660	335	320	1.9	2.1	1.8
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	950	480	465	2.8	3.0	2.6
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	790	285	505	2.3	1.8	2.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	200	390	1.7	1.3	2.1
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,205	3,395	3,815	21.2	21.4	21.0
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,180	1,000	1,180	6.4	6.3	6.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,170	990	1,175	6.4	6.3	6.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	185	90	95	0.5	0.6	0.5
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	65	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	1,655	765	890	4.9	4.8	4.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	615	260	355	1.8	1.6	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	585	250	335	1.7	1.6	1.8
German	90	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	495	215	280	1.5	1.4	1.5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	2,085	1,050	1,035	6.1	6.6	5.7
Indo-Aryan languages	290	155	140	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,790	900	895	5.3	5.7	4.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,775	890	890	5.2	5.6	4.9
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	1,650	825	825	4.9	5.2	4.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,210	1,020	1,190	6.5	6.4	6.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	565	265	300	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	160	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	680	315	360	2.0	2.0	2.0
Spanish	810	380	430	2.4	2.4	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	305	140	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
Mongolian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	130	60	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	275	285	1.6	1.7	1.6
Chinese languages	550	270	275	1.6	1.7	1.5
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	405	205	205	1.2	1.3	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	345	135	205	1.0	0.9	1.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	340	135	205	1.0	0.9	1.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,600	1,205	1,395	7.7	7.6	7.7
English and French	1,050	520	525	3.1	3.3	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	815	350	465	2.4	2.2	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	350	155	200	1.0	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	250	115	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,975	15,835	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,910	6,745	8,170	43.9	42.6	45.0
French	3,845	1,865	1,980	11.3	11.8	10.9
Non-official language	4,090	2,005	2,085	12.0	12.7	11.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,090	2,005	2,080	12.0	12.7	11.5
English and French	3,620	1,795	1,825	10.7	11.3	10.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,775	1,685	2,090	11.1	10.6	11.5
French and non-official language(s)	955	425	525	2.8	2.7	2.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,505	1,175	1,325	7.4	7.4	7.3
Multiple non-official languages	265	130	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,975	15,835	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	31,145	14,520	16,625	91.7	91.7	91.6
Official languages	24,260	11,230	13,025	71.4	70.9	71.8
English	18,815	8,600	10,210	55.4	54.3	56.3
French	5,445	2,630	2,810	16.0	16.6	15.5
Non-official languages	6,885	3,285	3,600	20.3	20.7	19.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,880	3,285	3,600	20.3	20.7	19.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	710	335	370	2.1	2.1	2.0
Berber languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	700	330	365	2.1	2.1	2.0
Amharic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	310	150	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	365	170	195	1.1	1.1	1.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	455	185	265	1.3	1.2	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	140	220	1.1	0.9	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,660	2,250	2,410	13.7	14.2	13.3
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,585	760	830	4.7	4.8	4.6
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,585	760	830	4.7	4.8	4.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	155	75	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,295	620	675	3.8	3.9	3.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	90	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	90	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	175	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,710	845	860	5.0	5.3	4.7
Indo-Aryan languages	185	95	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,520	750	770	4.5	4.7	4.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,520	750	770	4.5	4.7	4.2
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	1,410	705	705	4.2	4.5	3.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,135	530	610	3.3	3.3	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	60	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	100	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	420	210	205	1.2	1.3	1.1
Spanish	480	215	260	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	280	130	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mongolian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	220	210	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese languages	435	220	210	1.3	1.4	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	340	170	170	1.0	1.1	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,830	1,315	1,515	8.3	8.3	8.4
English and French	1,205	580	625	3.5	3.7	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,015	460	555	3.0	2.9	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	260	115	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	320	145	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,975	15,835	18,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,980	11,615	13,365	73.5	73.4	73.7
English	2,270	1,045	1,225	6.7	6.6	6.8
French	2,240	1,110	1,135	6.6	7.0	6.3
Non-official language	2,260	1,025	1,235	6.7	6.5	6.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,255	1,025	1,235	6.6	6.5	6.8
English and French	635	295	340	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	470	230	245	1.4	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	735	345	390	2.2	2.2	2.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	295	130	170	0.9	0.8	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	33,715	15,760	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	33,080	15,485	17,595	98.1	98.3	98.0
English	30,965	14,520	16,450	91.8	92.1	91.6
French	23,580	11,485	12,095	69.9	72.9	67.4
Non-official languages	18,770	8,710	10,050	55.7	55.3	56.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,770	8,710	10,050	55.7	55.3	56.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,260	3,085	3,175	18.6	19.6	17.7
Berber languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,255	3,075	3,175	18.6	19.5	17.7
Amharic	50	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arabic	1,520	760	765	4.5	4.8	4.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5,010	2,475	2,535	14.9	15.7	14.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,400	495	910	4.2	3.1	5.1
Bikol	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	120	50	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	115	40	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,340	460	885	4.0	2.9	4.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	150	45	105	0.4	0.3	0.6
Haitian Creole	85	25	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,605	4,990	5,620	31.5	31.7	31.3
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	2,790	1,280	1,505	8.3	8.1	8.4
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,780	1,280	1,500	8.2	8.1	8.4
Belarusian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	310	125	185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Czech	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	75	170	0.8	0.5	0.9
Russian	2,265	1,065	1,205	6.7	6.8	6.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	265	120	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,555	705	850	4.6	4.5	4.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,540	705	835	4.6	4.5	4.7
German	315	140	175	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,270	590	675	3.8	3.7	3.8
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	55	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	2,545	1,250	1,295	7.5	7.9	7.2
Indo-Aryan languages	505	265	240	1.5	1.7	1.3
Assamese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	105	65	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	300	150	150	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	70	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,040	985	1,055	6.1	6.3	5.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,035	980	1,055	6.0	6.2	5.9
Dari	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	1,800	870	930	5.3	5.5	5.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	200	95	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,230	1,945	2,275	12.5	12.3	12.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,215	610	610	3.6	3.9	3.4
Portuguese	270	115	155	0.8	0.7	0.9
Romanian	940	445	495	2.8	2.8	2.8
Spanish	2,190	950	1,245	6.5	6.0	6.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korean	285	120	160	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mongolian	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	455	215	240	1.3	1.4	1.3
Akan (Twi)	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamanankan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	65	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	105	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	345	320	2.0	2.2	1.8
Chinese languages	665	345	320	2.0	2.2	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	575	290	280	1.7	1.8	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	220	115	105	0.7	0.7	0.6
Azerbaijani	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uralic languages	480	215	270	1.4	1.4	1.5
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	470	210	260	1.4	1.3	1.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,715	15,755	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	95	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Métis	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	33,620	15,720	17,900	99.7	99.8	99.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	33,715	15,755	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,690	15,750	17,940	99.9	100.0	99.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,770	...	...	46.4	...	...
Renter	7,835	...	...	53.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,340	...	...	22.9	...	...
Not condominium	11,260	...	...	77.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	205	...	...	1.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,105	...	...	28.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,300	...	...	29.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,300	...	...	22.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,690	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,780	...	...	53.3	...	...
5 rooms	2,170	...	...	14.9	...	...
6 rooms	1,145	...	...	7.8	...	...
7 rooms	1,185	...	...	8.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,325	...	...	15.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,940	...	...	95.5	...	...
More than one person per room	660	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,120	...	...	89.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,480	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,640	...	...	24.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,070	...	...	41.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,215	...	...	15.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	790	...	...	5.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	615	...	...	4.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	330	...	...	2.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	250	...	...	1.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	695	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,440	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,160	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,685	...	...	59.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,545	...	...	38.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	380	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	260	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,410	...	...	9.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,230	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,220	...	...	15.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,100	...	...	14.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,755	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,195	...	...	15.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,430	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,800	...	...	67.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,735	...	...	32.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,280	...	...	29.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,545	...	...	44.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,070	...	...	27.9	...	...
Not suitable only	975	...	...	6.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	680	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	315	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,055	...	...	55.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,610	...	...	11.4	...	...
Not in core need	12,475	...	...	88.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,770	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.4	...	...	48.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,834	...	...	1,834	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	685,000	...	...	685,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	733,000	...	...	733,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.7	...	...	39.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,213	...	...	1,213	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	33,715	15,760	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	33,615	15,720	17,895	99.7	99.7	99.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	33,710	15,760	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,555	13,270	15,280	84.7	84.2	85.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,245	3,200	3,050	18.5	20.3	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,310	10,075	12,235	66.2	63.9	68.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,160	2,490	2,675	15.3	15.8	14.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	33,710	15,760	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,510	8,410	9,105	51.9	53.4	50.7
Immigrants⁸¹	14,485	6,550	7,935	43.0	41.6	44.2
Before 1980	4,255	1,860	2,400	12.6	11.8	13.4
1980 to 1990	1,700	815	885	5.0	5.2	4.9
1991 to 2000	1,650	715	935	4.9	4.5	5.2
2001 to 2010	2,625	1,160	1,465	7.8	7.4	8.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,255	2,000	2,255	12.6	12.7	12.6
2011 to 2015	1,995	880	1,120	5.9	5.6	6.2
2016 to 2021	2,255	1,120	1,130	6.7	7.1	6.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,710	805	910	5.1	5.1	5.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,485	6,550	7,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,275	625	645	8.8	9.5	8.1
5 to 14 years	2,530	1,200	1,325	17.5	18.3	16.7
15 to 24 years	2,600	1,180	1,415	17.9	18.0	17.8
25 to 44 years	6,760	2,955	3,800	46.7	45.1	47.9
45 years and over	1,325	580	745	9.1	8.9	9.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,485	6,550	7,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,370	550	815	9.5	8.4	10.3
Brazil	100	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombia	130	65	65	0.9	1.0	0.8
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyana	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	55	10	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
Jamaica	140	35	100	1.0	0.5	1.3
Mexico	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Peru	45	10	40	0.3	0.2	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	320	150	165	2.2	2.3	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	440	170	270	3.0	2.6	3.4
Europe	4,470	1,950	2,515	30.9	29.8	31.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	440	230	205	3.0	3.5	2.6
Germany	140	50	85	1.0	0.8	1.1
Greece	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	320	150	170	2.2	2.3	2.1
Italy	395	205	190	2.7	3.1	2.4
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Poland	290	100	190	2.0	1.5	2.4
Portugal	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romania	530	215	315	3.7	3.3	4.0
Russian Federation	695	305	385	4.8	4.7	4.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	440	175	270	3.0	2.7	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	45	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	1,040	455	585	7.2	6.9	7.4
Africa	3,330	1,625	1,705	23.0	24.8	21.5
Algeria	145	80	70	1.0	1.2	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	215	120	95	1.5	1.8	1.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	2,295	1,065	1,230	15.8	16.3	15.5
Nigeria	75	45	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	525	280	240	3.6	4.3	3.0
Asia	5,305	2,415	2,890	36.6	36.9	36.4
Afghanistan	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	1,350	630	725	9.3	9.6	9.1
Iraq	115	45	75	0.8	0.7	0.9
Lebanon	130	60	70	0.9	0.9	0.9
Syria⁸⁹	90	45	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Turkey	50	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	430	205	225	3.0	3.1	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	30	20	0.3	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	150	70	85	1.0	1.1	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,320	490	825	9.1	7.5	10.4
Viet Nam	70	40	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bangladesh	30	10	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
India	255	135	120	1.8	2.1	1.5
Pakistan	65	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,135	575	560	7.8	8.8	7.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,255	1,120	1,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	95	115	9.3	8.5	10.2
Brazil	20	0	10	0.9	0.0	0.9
Colombia	40	15	25	1.8	1.3	2.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	15	0.9	0.9	1.3
United States of America	40	30	10	1.8	2.7	0.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	65	25	45	2.9	2.2	4.0
Europe	390	170	220	17.3	15.2	19.5
France	80	40	40	3.5	3.6	3.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	85	35	50	3.8	3.1	4.4
Ukraine	45	15	35	2.0	1.3	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	170	85	90	7.5	7.6	8.0
Africa	410	255	155	18.2	22.8	13.7
Algeria	40	25	20	1.8	2.2	1.8
Burundi	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Cameroon	40	30	10	1.8	2.7	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	50	30	20	2.2	2.7	1.8
Nigeria	50	30	15	2.2	2.7	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.8
Other places of birth in Africa	150	85	70	6.7	7.6	6.2
Asia	1,235	600	640	54.8	53.6	56.6
Afghanistan	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	60	45	4.7	5.4	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	95	50	50	4.2	4.5	4.4
Iran⁸⁸	385	170	210	17.1	15.2	18.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	20	25	2.2	1.8	2.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	25	1.8	0.9	2.2
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	415	200	210	18.4	17.9	18.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	15	2.2	2.7	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10	1.1	0.9	0.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	33,715	15,760	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,710	7,610	9,100	49.6	48.3	50.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,375	4,990	5,385	30.8	31.7	30.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,630	3,160	3,465	19.7	20.1	19.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,230	4,690	5,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,120	3,315	3,805	69.6	70.7	68.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,960	1,410	1,545	28.9	30.1	27.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,160	1,900	2,255	40.7	40.5	40.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,000	815	1,185	19.6	17.4	21.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	980	515	465	9.6	11.0	8.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	130	50	85	1.3	1.1	1.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,230	4,690	5,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	700	355	350	6.8	7.6	6.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,185	360	825	11.6	7.7	14.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	285	160	125	2.8	3.4	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	300	180	125	2.9	3.8	2.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	10	40	0.5	0.2	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,710	3,630	4,080	75.4	77.4	73.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	33,715	15,755	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,130	4,130	5,000	27.1	26.2	27.8
South Asian	750	380	370	2.2	2.4	2.1
Chinese	705	350	350	2.1	2.2	1.9
Black	2,020	860	1,165	6.0	5.5	6.5
Filipino	1,685	645	1,040	5.0	4.1	5.8
Arab	835	430	405	2.5	2.7	2.3
Latin American	495	225	270	1.5	1.4	1.5
Southeast Asian	205	125	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
West Asian	1,720	825	895	5.1	5.2	5.0
Korean	290	125	170	0.9	0.8	0.9
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	85	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	240	85	155	0.7	0.5	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,580	11,630	12,955	72.9	73.8	72.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	33,710	15,760	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,285	1,120	1,165	6.8	7.1	6.5
English	580	220	365	1.7	1.4	2.0
Irish	625	265	360	1.9	1.7	2.0
Scottish	455	195	255	1.3	1.2	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,200	585	610	3.6	3.7	3.4
German	520	255	270	1.5	1.6	1.5
Chinese	755	375	380	2.2	2.4	2.1
Italian	1,525	765	760	4.5	4.9	4.2
Indian (India)	635	310	325	1.9	2.0	1.8
Ukrainian	615	325	290	1.8	2.1	1.6
Dutch	90	20	70	0.3	0.1	0.4
Polish	2,035	945	1,090	6.0	6.0	6.1
Québécois	280	135	145	0.8	0.9	0.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	245	80	165	0.7	0.5	0.9
Filipino	1,525	580	955	4.5	3.7	5.3
French Canadian	195	70	115	0.6	0.4	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	300	150	155	0.9	1.0	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	875	335	545	2.6	2.1	3.0
Russian	2,745	1,240	1,505	8.1	7.9	8.4
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	50	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	160	60	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
American	300	145	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	760	340	420	2.3	2.2	2.3
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	775	370	405	2.3	2.3	2.3
Acadian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	365	150	210	1.1	1.0	1.2
Jewish	9,500	4,630	4,865	28.2	29.4	27.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310	195	110	0.9	1.2	0.6
Greek	170	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	180	55	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220	95	130	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	290	120	165	0.9	0.8	0.9
Romanian	1,410	675	735	4.2	4.3	4.1
Lebanese	220	125	95	0.7	0.8	0.5
Iranian	1,730	830	900	5.1	5.3	5.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	355	150	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belgian	80	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	125	40	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hindu	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	335	165	175	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	40	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	175	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	4,130	1,970	2,155	12.3	12.5	12.0
Czech	125	45	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syrian	100	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	40	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	410	215	200	1.2	1.4	1.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	220	85	130	0.7	0.5	0.7
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	120	40	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Brazilian	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	665	330	335	2.0	2.1	1.9
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	260	125	135	0.8	0.8	0.8
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	100	30	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	205	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	155	70	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	160	75	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	105	40	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Albanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	1,355	685	665	4.0	4.3	3.7
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	345	150	195	1.0	1.0	1.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	100	15	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
African American	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	250	115	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	210	95	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	210	115	100	0.6	0.7	0.6
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	33,715	15,755	17,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	95	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	8,755	3,790	4,970	26.0	24.1	27.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,475	640	835	4.4	4.1	4.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	145	25	120	0.4	0.2	0.7
Baptist	195	100	95	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catholic	4,580	2,000	2,580	13.6	12.7	14.4
Christian Orthodox	1,415	660	755	4.2	4.2	4.2
Jehovah's Witness	35	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	220	75	145	0.7	0.5	0.8
Presbyterian	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	70	10	65	0.2	0.1	0.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	435	215	220	1.3	1.4	1.2
Hindu	370	190	180	1.1	1.2	1.0
Jewish	17,845	8,310	9,535	52.9	52.7	53.1
Muslim	2,360	1,135	1,230	7.0	7.2	6.9
Sikh	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	65	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	4,100	2,190	1,910	12.2	13.9	10.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	33,340	15,590	17,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	29,715	13,925	15,795	89.1	89.3	89.0
Movers	3,620	1,670	1,955	10.9	10.7	11.0
Non-migrants	2,530	1,170	1,360	7.6	7.5	7.7
Migrants	1,090	495	595	3.3	3.2	3.4
Internal migrants	650	290	355	1.9	1.9	2.0
Intraprovincial migrants	490	225	270	1.5	1.4	1.5
Interprovincial migrants	160	70	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
External migrants	445	205	240	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,785	14,720	17,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,285	8,260	10,030	57.5	56.1	58.8
Movers	13,505	6,470	7,035	42.5	44.0	41.2
Non-migrants	4,080	1,910	2,175	12.8	13.0	12.7
Migrants	9,415	4,555	4,860	29.6	30.9	28.5
Internal migrants	6,315	3,065	3,245	19.9	20.8	19.0
Intraprovincial migrants	5,895	2,875	3,025	18.5	19.5	17.7
Interprovincial migrants	415	195	220	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	3,105	1,485	1,615	9.8	10.1	9.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,710	12,660	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,330	1,585	1,740	12.0	12.5	11.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	24,380	11,070	13,310	88.0	87.4	88.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,825	6,920	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	760	440	315	5.1	6.4	4.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,065	6,480	7,585	94.9	93.6	96.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,715	12,660	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,915	1,400	1,515	10.5	11.1	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,800	2,655	3,145	20.9	21.0	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,000	8,605	10,390	68.6	68.0	69.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,230	3,145	4,085	26.1	24.8	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,650	825	825	6.0	6.5	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	535	625	4.2	4.2	4.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	495	285	210	1.8	2.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,520	1,920	2,605	16.3	15.2	17.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	405	655	3.8	3.2	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,770	5,460	6,305	42.5	43.1	41.9
Bachelor's degree	6,850	3,010	3,845	24.7	23.8	25.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,265	660	605	4.6	5.2	4.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	555	370	185	2.0	2.9	1.2
Master's degree	2,580	1,135	1,445	9.3	9.0	9.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	520	285	225	1.9	2.3	1.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,825	6,920	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	575	350	225	3.9	5.1	2.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,020	1,070	955	13.6	15.5	12.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,230	5,505	6,725	82.5	79.6	85.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,055	1,855	2,200	27.4	26.8	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	935	475	460	6.3	6.9	5.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	650	320	335	4.4	4.6	4.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	285	155	130	1.9	2.2	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,475	1,095	1,380	16.7	15.8	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	285	360	4.4	4.1	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,170	3,645	4,530	55.1	52.7	57.3
Bachelor's degree	4,795	2,060	2,735	32.3	29.8	34.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	410	400	5.5	5.9	5.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	170	130	2.0	2.5	1.6
Master's degree	1,930	850	1,085	13.0	12.3	13.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	155	175	2.2	2.2	2.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,715	12,660	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,715	4,050	4,660	31.4	32.0	31.0
Education	1,480	170	1,310	5.3	1.3	8.7
13. Education	1,480	170	1,310	5.3	1.3	8.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	285	470	2.7	2.3	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	745	275	470	2.7	2.2	3.1
Humanities	1,365	395	970	4.9	3.1	6.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	45	245	1.1	0.4	1.6
23. English language and literature/letters	245	65	175	0.9	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	115	305	1.5	0.9	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	45	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
54. History	80	60	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	35	100	0.5	0.3	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,255	1,345	1,910	11.7	10.6	12.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	105	160	1.0	0.8	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	50	300	1.3	0.4	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	615	360	260	2.2	2.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	35	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
42. Psychology	610	115	490	2.2	0.9	3.3
45. Social sciences	1,310	670	645	4.7	5.3	4.3
Business, management and public administration	4,645	2,300	2,340	16.8	18.2	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	40	190	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,405	2,260	2,145	15.9	17.9	14.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	440	510	3.4	3.5	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	345	105	245	1.2	0.8	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	120	85	0.7	0.9	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	340	185	155	1.2	1.5	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,005	665	340	3.6	5.3	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	525	190	2.6	4.1	1.3
25. Library science	110	20	85	0.4	0.2	0.6
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	100	55	0.6	0.8	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,465	1,950	510	8.9	15.4	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	140	95	50	0.5	0.8	0.3
14. Engineering	1,390	1,025	365	5.0	8.1	2.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	365	270	95	1.3	2.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	185	180	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	285	0	1.0	2.3	0.0
48. Precision production	100	100	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	55	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	2,450	765	1,680	8.8	6.0	11.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	35	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,165	605	1,560	7.8	4.8	10.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	130	55	0.7	1.0	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	510	210	295	1.8	1.7	2.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	395	120	275	1.4	0.9	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	65	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,825	6,920	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,600	1,420	1,180	17.5	20.5	14.9
Education	740	105	635	5.0	1.5	8.0
13. Education	740	105	635	5.0	1.5	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	195	305	3.4	2.8	3.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	485	185	300	3.3	2.7	3.8
Humanities	715	230	490	4.8	3.3	6.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	30	135	1.1	0.4	1.7
23. English language and literature/letters	125	40	85	0.8	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	50	140	1.3	0.7	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
54. History	50	45	10	0.3	0.7	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,230	870	1,360	15.0	12.6	17.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	65	145	1.5	0.9	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	30	230	1.8	0.4	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	460	225	230	3.1	3.3	2.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
42. Psychology	375	70	305	2.5	1.0	3.9
45. Social sciences	845	440	405	5.7	6.4	5.1
Business, management and public administration	3,160	1,490	1,665	21.3	21.5	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	40	130	1.1	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,990	1,455	1,535	20.2	21.0	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	205	340	3.7	3.0	4.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	60	190	1.7	0.9	2.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	45	40	0.6	0.7	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	185	90	100	1.2	1.3	1.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	565	225	5.3	8.2	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	630	480	150	4.2	6.9	1.9
25. Library science	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	60	45	0.6	0.9	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,670	1,290	385	11.3	18.6	4.9
04. Architecture and related services	100	65	35	0.7	0.9	0.4
14. Engineering	995	715	280	6.7	10.3	3.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	230	160	65	1.6	2.3	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	100	95	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205	205	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
48. Precision production	45	45	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	80	40	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	40	30	0.4	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Health and related fields	1,490	400	1,095	10.1	5.8	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	25	55	0.5	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,310	315	995	8.8	4.6	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	55	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	310	120	190	2.1	1.7	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	60	165	1.5	0.9	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	50	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	14,825	6,920	7,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,600	1,420	1,180	17.5	20.5	14.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,225	5,500	6,725	82.5	79.5	85.1
Location of study inside Canada	7,715	3,490	4,225	52.0	50.4	53.4
Same as province or territory of residence	7,340	3,320	4,020	49.5	48.0	50.9
Different than province or territory of residence	375	165	205	2.5	2.4	2.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,510	2,015	2,500	30.4	29.1	31.6
Americas	670	340	335	4.5	4.9	4.2
United States of America	345	205	140	2.3	3.0	1.8
Mexico	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
Cuba	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	25	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	100	45	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	80	35	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Europe	1,080	485	595	7.3	7.0	7.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	200	95	105	1.3	1.4	1.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	150	75	75	1.0	1.1	0.9
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	115	55	60	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	215	90	125	1.5	1.3	1.6
Ukraine	150	65	85	1.0	0.9	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	175	65	110	1.2	0.9	1.4
Africa	470	230	240	3.2	3.3	3.0
Nigeria	90	30	55	0.6	0.4	0.7
Algeria	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Morocco	80	40	45	0.5	0.6	0.6
Tunisia	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Egypt	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	185	100	85	1.2	1.4	1.1
Asia	2,265	955	1,310	15.3	13.8	16.6
Iran⁸⁸	800	370	425	5.4	5.3	5.4
Iraq	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	220	110	110	1.5	1.6	1.4
Lebanon	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkey	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	210	95	115	1.4	1.4	1.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	25	55	0.5	0.4	0.7
Philippines	580	160	420	3.9	2.3	5.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	180	80	95	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	75	40	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
Oceania	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,715	12,660	15,055	...	...	...
In the labour force	15,980	8,175	7,805	...	...	...
Employed	14,110	7,265	6,845	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,870	910	955	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,730	4,480	7,250	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.7	64.6	51.8	57.7	64.6	51.8
Employment rate	50.9	57.4	45.5	50.9	57.4	45.5
Unemployment rate	11.7	11.1	12.2	11.7	11.1	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,715	12,660	15,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,290	4,755	7,540	44.3	37.6	50.1
Worked	15,420	7,910	7,520	55.6	62.5	50.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,230	4,050	3,175	26.1	32.0	21.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,195	3,855	4,335	29.6	30.5	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.1	40.5	37.7	39.1	40.5	37.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,980	8,175	7,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	260	340	3.7	3.2	4.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,385	7,920	7,460	96.3	96.9	95.6
Employee	12,055	5,595	6,460	75.4	68.4	82.8
Permanent position	9,770	4,655	5,115	61.1	56.9	65.5
Temporary position	2,280	940	1,345	14.3	11.5	17.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	985	420	570	6.2	5.1	7.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,295	520	775	8.1	6.4	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,325	2,320	1,005	20.8	28.4	12.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,980	8,175	7,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	260	340	3.7	3.2	4.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,385	7,920	7,460	96.3	96.9	95.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	500	415	90	3.1	5.1	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,420	1,470	1,950	21.4	18.0	25.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,415	1,065	350	8.9	13.0	4.5
3 Health occupations	1,505	420	1,085	9.4	5.1	13.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,335	705	1,630	14.6	8.6	20.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	585	290	290	3.7	3.5	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	3,650	1,930	1,720	22.8	23.6	22.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,415	1,265	155	8.9	15.5	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	475	305	170	3.0	3.7	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,980	8,175	7,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	595	260	340	3.7	3.2	4.4
All industries¹⁹¹	15,385	7,920	7,460	96.3	96.9	95.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
22 Utilities	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
23 Construction	470	375	95	2.9	4.6	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,115	780	335	7.0	9.5	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	845	505	340	5.3	6.2	4.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,935	1,045	895	12.1	12.8	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	750	555	190	4.7	6.8	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	335	230	105	2.1	2.8	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	760	425	340	4.8	5.2	4.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	550	350	195	3.4	4.3	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,180	1,370	815	13.6	16.8	10.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	625	340	280	3.9	4.2	3.6
61 Educational services	1,470	430	1,040	9.2	5.3	13.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,335	625	1,710	14.6	7.6	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	285	150	135	1.8	1.8	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	580	285	295	3.6	3.5	3.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	760	250	510	4.8	3.1	6.5
91 Public administration	325	165	155	2.0	2.0	2.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	17,130	8,740	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,205	3,080	3,125	36.2	35.2	37.3
French	2,005	1,025	980	11.7	11.7	11.7
Non-official language	125	70	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	70	50	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	8,030	4,195	3,835	46.9	48.0	45.7
English and non-official language(s)	300	125	175	1.8	1.4	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	210	175	2.2	2.4	2.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	17,130	8,740	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,755	7,515	7,235	86.1	86.0	86.3
Official languages	14,505	7,390	7,110	84.7	84.6	84.8
English	10,465	5,320	5,150	61.1	60.9	61.4
French	4,040	2,080	1,960	23.6	23.8	23.4
Non-official languages	250	120	130	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	120	130	1.5	1.4	1.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	125	60	65	0.7	0.7	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,380	1,230	1,145	13.9	14.1	13.7
English and French	2,275	1,185	1,095	13.3	13.6	13.1
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	17,130	8,740	8,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	10,540	5,320	5,220	61.5	60.9	62.3
English	2,005	1,020	990	11.7	11.7	11.8
French	4,010	2,115	1,890	23.4	24.2	22.5
Non-official language	330	145	185	1.9	1.7	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	145	185	1.9	1.7	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	50	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,110	7,265	6,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,150	2,135	2,010	29.4	29.4	29.3
Worked outside Canada	55	40	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,165	845	325	8.3	11.6	4.7
Usual place of work	8,740	4,245	4,490	61.9	58.4	65.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,740	4,245	4,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,845	730	1,115	21.1	17.2	24.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,340	3,175	3,165	72.5	74.8	70.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	530	325	205	6.1	7.7	4.6
Commute to a different province or territory	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,905	5,085	4,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,370	4,190	3,185	74.4	82.4	66.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,825	4,010	2,815	68.9	78.9	58.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	545	180	370	5.5	3.5	7.7
Public transit	1,745	595	1,155	17.6	11.7	24.0
Walked	475	150	325	4.8	2.9	6.7
Bicycle	40	30	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	275	125	145	2.8	2.5	3.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,905	5,085	4,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,940	795	1,140	19.6	15.6	23.7
15 to 29 minutes	3,855	2,070	1,780	38.9	40.7	37.0
30 to 44 minutes	2,655	1,480	1,175	26.8	29.1	24.4
45 to 59 minutes	720	360	365	7.3	7.1	7.6
60 minutes and over	740	380	360	7.5	7.5	7.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,905	5,085	4,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	330	220	105	3.3	4.3	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	900	535	365	9.1	10.5	7.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,515	1,205	1,310	25.4	23.7	27.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,715	1,355	1,360	27.4	26.6	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,135	1,015	1,120	21.6	20.0	23.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,315	755	560	13.3	14.8	11.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,310	3,755	3,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,205	2,145	2,060	57.5	57.1	58.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,105	1,610	1,495	42.5	42.9	42.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,290	2,705	2,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,145	1,600	1,545	59.5	59.1	59.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,745	1,390	1,355	51.9	51.4	52.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	205	195	7.6	7.6	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,150	1,115	1,040	40.6	41.2	40.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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