Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Compton--StansteadMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	111,088	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	105,459	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,186	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,650	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,554.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,085	56,245	54,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20,365	10,480	9,890	18.3	18.6	18.0
0 to 4 years	6,005	3,115	2,895	5.4	5.5	5.3
5 to 9 years	7,035	3,625	3,405	6.3	6.4	6.2
10 to 14 years	7,325	3,735	3,585	6.6	6.6	6.5
15 to 64 years	68,105	34,380	33,725	61.3	61.1	61.5
15 to 19 years	6,225	3,265	2,965	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,355	2,835	2,520	4.8	5.0	4.6
25 to 29 years	5,660	2,815	2,840	5.1	5.0	5.2
30 to 34 years	6,345	3,125	3,220	5.7	5.6	5.9
35 to 39 years	6,870	3,435	3,435	6.2	6.1	6.3
40 to 44 years	7,530	3,795	3,735	6.8	6.7	6.8
45 to 49 years	6,615	3,345	3,270	6.0	5.9	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,895	3,585	3,305	6.2	6.4	6.0
55 to 59 years	8,235	4,050	4,190	7.4	7.2	7.6
60 to 64 years	8,375	4,130	4,240	7.5	7.3	7.7
65 years and over	22,615	11,385	11,230	20.4	20.2	20.5
65 to 69 years	7,410	3,810	3,595	6.7	6.8	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,280	3,200	3,075	5.7	5.7	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,180	2,160	2,020	3.8	3.8	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,395	1,190	1,205	2.2	2.1	2.2
85 years and over	2,360	1,025	1,335	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 to 89 years	1,455	675	775	1.3	1.2	1.4
90 to 94 years	715	290	415	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	175	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	18.6	18.0	18.3	18.6	18.0
15 to 64 years	61.3	61.1	61.5	61.3	61.1	61.5
65 years and over	20.4	20.2	20.5	20.4	20.2	20.5
85 years and over	2.1	1.8	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.4
Average age of the population	42.2	41.9	42.5	42.2	41.9	42.5
Median age of the population	43.2	42.8	43.2	43.2	42.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,595	...	...	69.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,295	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	865	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,290	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,910	...	...	17.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	530	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,505	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	17,895	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	6,055	...	...	13.0	...	...
4 persons	5,870	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,325	...	...	7.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,110	55,210	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	90,720	45,760	44,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	56,340	28,170	28,170	62.1	61.6	62.7
Married	29,085	14,565	14,520	32.1	31.8	32.3
Living common-law	27,260	13,610	13,650	30.0	29.7	30.4
Living common law - Never married	21,905	10,850	11,050	24.1	23.7	24.6
Living common law - Separated	230	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,640	2,430	2,205	5.1	5.3	4.9
Living common law - Widowed	490	210	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	34,380	17,595	16,790	37.9	38.5	37.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,830	13,425	10,405	26.3	29.3	23.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	910	460	450	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,715	2,685	3,025	6.3	5.9	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,925	1,020	2,905	4.3	2.2	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,725	...	...	55.1	...	...
3 persons	5,780	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	5,745	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,915	...	...	9.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,855	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	14,225	...	...	44.2	...	...
With children⁶	5,075	...	...	15.8	...	...
Without children	9,155	...	...	28.5	...	...
Common-law couples	13,625	...	...	42.4	...	...
With children⁶	7,450	...	...	23.2	...	...
Without children	6,185	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,310	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,895	...	...	9.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,410	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	109,115	55,210	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,430	45,900	45,535	83.8	83.1	84.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,710	27,815	27,895	51.1	50.4	51.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,310	1,415	2,895	3.9	2.6	5.4
Children⁶	31,415	16,670	14,740	28.8	30.2	27.3
In a two-parent family	24,555	12,980	11,580	22.5	23.5	21.5
In a one-parent family	6,860	3,695	3,160	6.3	6.7	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,680	9,310	8,370	16.2	16.9	15.5
Living alone	13,505	7,060	6,445	12.4	12.8	12.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,625	775	855	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,555	1,480	1,075	2.3	2.7	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,550	...	...	65.5	...	...
Couple-family households	26,725	...	...	57.3	...	...
With children⁶	11,995	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	14,730	...	...	31.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,820	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	810	...	...	1.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,245	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	13,505	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,775	44,745	44,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,990	43,835	43,150	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,600	41,200	44,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,020	43,860	43,165	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,200	34,000	36,400	39,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,905	40,780	39,125	90.0	91.1	88.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	28,000	33,200	38,800	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,580	33,825	30,750	72.7	75.6	69.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	31,200	35,600	40,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,975	34,845	37,130	81.1	77.9	84.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	9,500	12,100	11,000	9,500	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,105	6,085	5,020	12.5	13.6	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,080	5,280	5,160	5,080	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,170	13,045	11,130	27.2	29.2	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,500	6,000	5,480	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,745	44,735	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,840	43,785	43,065	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	54,000	44,000	49,040	54,000	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,865	43,800	43,065	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,760	37,600	40,680	43,760	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,895	40,795	39,095	90.0	91.2	88.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,440	48,600	36,000	42,440	48,600	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,490	33,915	30,570	72.7	75.8	69.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	46,920	38,080	42,720	46,920	38,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,010	34,860	37,145	81.1	77.9	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,040	10,910	13,100	12,040	10,910	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,835	6,045	4,790	12.2	13.5	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	5,760	7,690	6,620	5,760	7,690
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,945	13,105	10,845	27.0	29.3	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,640	7,490	7,030	6,640	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,745	44,730	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,565	17,275	14,290	35.6	38.6	32.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	56,000	50,000	53,200	56,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,200	64,800	56,850	61,200	64,800	56,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,215	12,955	13,260	29.5	29.0	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	24,600	17,000	20,600	24,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	32,600	23,780	28,120	32,600	23,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	84.0	74.4	79.6	84.0	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.6	67.2	61.4	64.6	67.2	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	16.1	25.7	20.4	16.1	25.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.3	5.3	4.7	4.3	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.7	4.3	4.0	3.7	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,770	44,750	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,785	910	875	2.0	2.0	2.0
With total income	86,990	43,840	43,155	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,535	2,525	3,005	6.4	5.8	7.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,740	4,445	6,295	12.3	10.1	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,950	6,455	7,495	16.0	14.7	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,740	5,565	6,180	13.5	12.7	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,870	5,810	6,060	13.6	13.3	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,620	5,030	4,585	11.1	11.5	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770	3,765	3,005	7.8	8.6	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,855	2,890	1,960	5.6	6.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,650	2,140	1,515	4.2	4.9	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	1,365	1,070	2.8	3.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	5,820	3,840	1,975	6.7	8.8	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,155	2,680	1,475	4.8	6.1	3.4
$150,000 and over	1,665	1,160	505	1.9	2.6	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,770	44,750	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,750	885	860	2.0	2.0	2.0
With after-tax income	87,025	43,860	43,160	98.0	98.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,935	2,670	3,265	6.8	6.1	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,375	4,760	6,610	13.1	10.9	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,350	7,635	8,715	18.8	17.4	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,330	7,645	7,685	17.6	17.4	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,715	7,165	6,555	15.8	16.3	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,360	5,190	4,175	10.8	11.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,045	3,435	2,610	6.9	7.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620	1,970	1,645	4.2	4.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,920	1,130	790	2.2	2.6	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	680	400	1.2	1.6	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,295	1,585	715	2.6	3.6	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,235	830	405	1.4	1.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	1,065	760	305	1.2	1.7	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,770	44,750	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,195	10,920	13,275	27.3	24.4	30.2
With employment income	64,580	33,825	30,755	72.7	75.6	69.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,255	4,315	3,940	12.8	12.8	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,920	2,165	2,760	7.6	6.4	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,920	3,565	4,360	12.3	10.5	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	7,095	3,195	3,900	11.0	9.4	12.7
$30,000 to $39,999	7,355	3,620	3,735	11.4	10.7	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	7,260	3,675	3,580	11.2	10.9	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,590	3,300	2,290	8.7	9.8	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,450	2,665	1,790	6.9	7.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,190	2,010	1,180	4.9	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,810	1,550	1,265	4.4	4.6	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,630	1,020	610	2.5	3.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,100	2,755	1,345	6.3	8.1	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,125	1,395	735	3.3	4.1	2.4
$125,000 and over	1,980	1,365	615	3.1	4.0	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,775	44,745	44,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,550	43,065	42,485	96.4	96.2	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	34,800	39,200	43,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,585	43,070	42,515	96.4	96.3	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,400	34,800	38,000	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,520	40,135	38,385	88.4	89.7	87.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,000	34,400	40,400	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,625	33,765	30,865	72.8	75.5	70.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,200	31,400	36,000	41,200	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,175	30,750	34,425	73.4	68.7	78.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	6,800	9,700	8,400	6,800	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,060	6,175	4,885	12.5	13.8	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,480	4,840	4,600	4,480	4,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,745	44,735	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,430	42,985	42,445	96.3	96.1	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	52,700	40,800	46,800	52,700	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,460	42,985	42,480	96.3	96.1	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,720	42,480	34,880	38,720	42,480	34,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,585	40,125	38,455	88.6	89.7	87.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,880	35,400	42,800	49,880	35,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,615	33,805	30,810	72.8	75.6	70.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	48,120	36,840	42,720	48,120	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,780	30,475	34,310	73.0	68.1	78.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,770	8,640	10,780	9,770	8,640	10,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,900	6,105	4,790	12.3	13.6	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,480	5,285	8,010	6,480	5,285	8,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,745	44,730	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,355	17,135	14,225	35.3	38.3	32.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,400	46,000	50,400	54,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,050	63,300	51,750	58,050	63,300	51,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,910	12,300	12,605	28.1	27.5	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,200	20,000	24,200	29,200	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,920	37,280	26,720	31,920	37,280	26,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	88.4	78.6	84.2	88.4	78.6
Employment income (%)	69.0	71.8	65.6	69.0	71.8	65.6
Government transfers (%)	15.8	11.6	21.4	15.8	11.6	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.8	1.4	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	75,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,080	...	...	46,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,720	...	...	38,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,340	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,620	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,610	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,140	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,205	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,105	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,880	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,580	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,185	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,875	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,960	...	...	34.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,660	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,855	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,905	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,535	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	510	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,500	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,965	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,040	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,640	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,630	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,415	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,535	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,330	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,930	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,495	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,985	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,305	...	...	24.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,300	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,970	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,030	...	...	6.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,055	8,535	7,520	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	39,600	33,600	36,400	39,600	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	30,800	32,800	34,800	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,200	...	...	64,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,990	8,595	7,395	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	46,640	41,520	44,280	46,640	41,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	38,760	35,760	37,360	38,760	35,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	109,110	55,210	53,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,205	12,455	11,760	22.2	22.6	21.8
0 to 5 years	7,300	3,790	3,515	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	63,805	32,145	31,660	58.5	58.2	58.7
65 years and over	21,095	10,610	10,485	19.3	19.2	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,755	5,200	5,560	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,745	905	840	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	555	305	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,900	2,475	2,425	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,105	1,820	2,290	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.9	9.4	10.3	9.9	9.4	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.3	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	8.0	7.2	7.6	8.0	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.7
65 years and over (%)	19.5	17.1	21.8	19.5	17.1	21.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,115	55,210	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,210	12,450	11,755	22.2	22.6	21.8
0 to 5 years	7,300	3,790	3,510	6.7	6.9	6.5
18 to 64 years	63,805	32,150	31,660	58.5	58.2	58.7
65 years and over	21,095	10,615	10,485	19.3	19.2	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,390	1,285	1,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	175	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	35	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,785	995	785	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	110	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	3.1	2.5	2.8	3.1	2.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	109,110	55,210	53,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	62,275	31,155	31,120	57.1	56.4	57.7
In bottom decile	8,685	4,300	4,385	8.0	7.8	8.1
In second decile	12,485	6,075	6,405	11.4	11.0	11.9
In third decile	13,490	6,765	6,730	12.4	12.3	12.5
In fourth decile	14,020	7,070	6,945	12.8	12.8	12.9
In fifth decile	13,605	6,950	6,655	12.5	12.6	12.3
In top half of the distribution	46,835	24,055	22,780	42.9	43.6	42.3
In sixth decile	12,965	6,595	6,370	11.9	11.9	11.8
In seventh decile	11,580	5,950	5,625	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	9,645	4,975	4,670	8.8	9.0	8.7
In ninth decile	7,555	3,895	3,660	6.9	7.1	6.8
In top decile	5,095	2,640	2,455	4.7	4.8	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	109,115	...	...	109,115	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422	...	...	0.422	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	110,340	55,905	54,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	4,170	2,050	2,115	3.8	3.7	3.9
French only	58,235	28,540	29,690	52.8	51.1	54.6
English and French	47,730	25,170	22,560	43.3	45.0	41.5
Neither English nor French	200	145	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	110,340	55,905	54,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,100	6,100	6,000	11.0	10.9	11.0
French	96,990	49,135	47,855	87.9	87.9	87.9
English and French	1,060	535	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Neither English nor French	185	135	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	110,340	55,905	54,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,295	54,865	53,430	98.1	98.1	98.2
Official languages	105,585	53,465	52,120	95.7	95.6	95.8
English	10,940	5,500	5,440	9.9	9.8	10.0
French	94,645	47,965	46,685	85.8	85.8	85.8
Non-official languages	2,705	1,400	1,305	2.5	2.5	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,690	1,390	1,300	2.4	2.5	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,840	960	880	1.7	1.7	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,175	635	545	1.1	1.1	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	910	500	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,040	1,045	995	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	1,695	860	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	110,340	55,905	54,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,620	4,805	4,820	8.7	8.6	8.9
French	91,400	46,355	45,040	82.8	82.9	82.8
Non-official language	695	395	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	695	395	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	6,555	3,310	3,240	5.9	5.9	6.0
English and non-official language(s)	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	1,080	545	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	645	330	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	110,340	55,905	54,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,320	54,905	53,415	98.2	98.2	98.1
Official languages	107,035	54,210	52,825	97.0	97.0	97.1
English	11,670	5,830	5,835	10.6	10.4	10.7
French	95,365	48,380	46,990	86.4	86.5	86.3
Non-official languages	1,280	690	595	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,280	690	590	1.2	1.2	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	915	500	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	725	405	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	610	350	255	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,015	1,005	1,015	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	1,575	785	785	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	110,335	55,910	54,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,580	52,485	51,095	93.9	93.9	93.9
English	3,410	1,740	1,675	3.1	3.1	3.1
French	2,135	1,065	1,070	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-official language	695	345	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	690	345	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	109,120	55,235	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,915	55,105	53,810	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	51,520	27,305	24,215	47.2	49.4	44.9
French	104,745	52,960	51,790	96.0	95.9	96.1
Non-official languages	6,480	3,160	3,315	5.9	5.7	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,465	3,155	3,315	5.9	5.7	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	550	310	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	530	300	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	500	295	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,120	2,450	2,665	4.7	4.4	4.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	195	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	490	270	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	390	215	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	370	195	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,205	1,980	2,230	3.9	3.6	4.1
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	315	205	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portuguese	300	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	3,715	1,710	2,005	3.4	3.1	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,115	55,230	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,140	1,055	1,085	2.0	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,995	990	1,005	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,215	595	620	1.1	1.1	1.2
Métis	705	370	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,980	54,180	52,800	98.0	98.1	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	109,115	55,230	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	380	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,740	55,025	53,715	99.7	99.6	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,030	...	...	75.1	...	...
Renter	11,625	...	...	24.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,930	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	44,730	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,670	...	...	7.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,655	...	...	27.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,540	...	...	37.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,705	...	...	27.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,000	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 rooms	7,240	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,615	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,805	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,000	...	...	34.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,475	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,910	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	745	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,110	...	...	23.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,175	...	...	24.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,970	...	...	12.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,800	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,105	...	...	6.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,445	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,875	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,185	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,015	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,645	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,425	...	...	50.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,445	...	...	48.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	790	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,210	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,075	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,180	...	...	17.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,835	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,755	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,215	...	...	17.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,195	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,195	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,875	...	...	89.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,870	...	...	10.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,440	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,865	...	...	16.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,530	...	...	9.7	...	...
Not suitable only	660	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,280	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,795	...	...	83.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	915	...	...	2.0	...	...
Not in core need	44,405	...	...	98.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,300	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.1	...	...	63.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,043	...	...	1,043	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	301,200	...	...	301,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	695	...	...	695	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	752	...	...	752	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	109,120	55,230	53,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,265	1,120	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,250	1,110	1,140	2.1	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,980	960	1,015	1.8	1.7	1.9
Métis single ancestry	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,815	1,955	1,860	3.5	3.5	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,785	1,940	1,840	3.5	3.5	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,485	1,805	1,680	3.2	3.3	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,035	52,155	50,875	94.4	94.4	94.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	109,120	55,235	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,175	54,150	53,025	98.2	98.0	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,095	12,390	11,705	22.1	22.4	21.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,080	41,760	41,320	76.1	75.6	76.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,940	1,080	860	1.8	2.0	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	109,120	55,235	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,805	52,390	51,415	95.1	94.8	95.4
Immigrants⁸¹	4,595	2,395	2,200	4.2	4.3	4.1
Before 1980	1,135	625	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
1980 to 1990	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,190	590	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,280	690	585	1.2	1.2	1.1
2011 to 2015	620	325	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
2016 to 2021	660	360	295	0.6	0.7	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	720	450	270	0.7	0.8	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,590	2,395	2,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	595	350	250	13.0	14.6	11.4
5 to 14 years	705	355	350	15.4	14.8	15.9
15 to 24 years	830	405	430	18.1	16.9	19.5
25 to 44 years	2,165	1,140	1,025	47.2	47.6	46.6
45 years and over	295	150	145	6.4	6.3	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,590	2,395	2,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,545	725	825	33.7	30.3	37.5
Brazil	145	70	75	3.2	2.9	3.4
Colombia	235	110	125	5.1	4.6	5.7
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	50	20	30	1.1	0.8	1.4
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	55	20	35	1.2	0.8	1.6
Peru	65	30	35	1.4	1.3	1.6
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
United States of America	700	305	400	15.3	12.7	18.2
Other places of birth in Americas	255	145	110	5.6	6.1	5.0
Europe	1,985	1,095	890	43.2	45.7	40.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	35	25	1.4	1.5	1.1
Croatia	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.5
France	1,100	590	515	24.0	24.6	23.4
Germany	65	45	20	1.4	1.9	0.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italy	60	45	20	1.3	1.9	0.9
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.5
Poland	55	30	20	1.2	1.3	0.9
Portugal	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Romania	35	20	15	0.8	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	90	45	2.9	3.8	2.0
Other places of birth in Europe	355	185	175	7.7	7.7	8.0
Africa	515	315	200	11.2	13.2	9.1
Algeria	80	50	30	1.7	2.1	1.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	145	90	55	3.2	3.8	2.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	250	150	100	5.4	6.3	4.5
Asia	535	255	285	11.7	10.6	13.0
Afghanistan	40	20	20	0.9	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.7
Iraq	25	10	10	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	55	25	25	1.2	1.0	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.7
Turkey	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	35	65	2.2	1.5	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Philippines	30	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.7
Viet Nam	45	15	25	1.0	0.6	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	35	25	1.2	1.5	1.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	45	55	2.3	1.9	2.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	660	360	295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	190	115	75	28.8	31.9	25.4
Brazil	35	20	15	5.3	5.6	5.1
Colombia	65	40	25	9.8	11.1	8.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	20	15	5.3	5.6	5.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	15	10	3.0	4.2	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	10	6.1	6.9	3.4
Europe	315	185	135	47.7	51.4	45.8
France	265	150	120	40.2	41.7	40.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.5	2.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	10	4.5	4.2	3.4
Africa	70	35	35	10.6	9.7	11.9
Algeria	20	0	15	3.0	0.0	5.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	15	4.5	5.6	5.1
Asia	80	30	50	12.1	8.3	16.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	2.3	0.0	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	3.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	3.0	2.8	3.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	3.4
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	109,120	55,230	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,270	3,260	3,010	5.7	5.9	5.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,680	2,885	2,795	5.2	5.2	5.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	97,175	49,090	48,085	89.1	88.9	89.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,460	1,775	1,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,915	1,035	885	55.3	58.3	52.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	940	610	330	27.2	34.4	19.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	980	425	555	28.3	23.9	32.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,000	425	575	28.9	23.9	34.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	485	290	200	14.0	16.3	11.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	1.4	1.1	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,460	1,775	1,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	75	50	3.6	4.2	3.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	540	315	225	15.6	17.7	13.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	150	55	90	4.3	3.1	5.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	255	140	110	7.4	7.9	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	15	35	1.3	0.8	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,350	1,170	1,180	67.9	65.9	69.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	109,120	55,230	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,470	1,810	1,660	3.2	3.3	3.1
South Asian	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese	365	150	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	840	445	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Filipino	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	540	320	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Latin American	875	455	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Southeast Asian	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,650	53,420	52,230	96.8	96.7	96.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	109,120	55,235	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	41,660	21,070	20,590	38.2	38.1	38.2
English	4,340	2,220	2,125	4.0	4.0	3.9
Irish	6,635	3,195	3,440	6.1	5.8	6.4
Scottish	3,765	1,900	1,865	3.5	3.4	3.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,440	13,780	13,655	25.1	24.9	25.3
German	1,790	905	885	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese	410	165	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	1,765	905	860	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indian (India)	300	190	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukrainian	145	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	430	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Polish	380	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Québécois	14,415	7,295	7,120	13.2	13.2	13.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	825	380	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
Filipino	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	9,475	4,765	4,710	8.7	8.6	8.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,160	1,060	1,100	2.0	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,775	1,435	1,340	2.5	2.6	2.5
Métis	460	235	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,310	685	625	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Welsh	280	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	290	180	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
American	1,120	560	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	700	305	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	660	275	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	165	115	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	245	140	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,310	660	645	1.2	1.2	1.2
Danish	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	730	385	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	145	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belgian	690	380	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haitian	245	140	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	450	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	410	200	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	350	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	225	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	110	80	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	515	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	75	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	435	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	155	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	100	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norman	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	109,115	55,230	53,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	74,750	37,090	37,665	68.5	67.2	69.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,055	2,540	2,510	4.6	4.6	4.7
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,630	755	880	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baptist	575	310	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catholic	63,945	31,695	32,250	58.6	57.4	59.8
Christian Orthodox	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	390	210	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,115	510	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,655	890	765	1.5	1.6	1.4
Hindu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	805	440	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	355	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	32,930	17,435	15,490	30.2	31.6	28.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,020	54,620	53,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	96,395	48,915	47,475	89.2	89.6	88.9
Movers	11,630	5,700	5,925	10.8	10.4	11.1
Non-migrants	6,610	3,250	3,360	6.1	6.0	6.3
Migrants	5,015	2,455	2,565	4.6	4.5	4.8
Internal migrants	4,735	2,295	2,435	4.4	4.2	4.6
Intraprovincial migrants	4,515	2,185	2,330	4.2	4.0	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	103,175	52,155	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,420	33,855	32,565	64.4	64.9	63.8
Movers	36,760	18,300	18,460	35.6	35.1	36.2
Non-migrants	16,420	8,160	8,260	15.9	15.6	16.2
Migrants	20,335	10,140	10,200	19.7	19.4	20.0
Internal migrants	19,090	9,445	9,645	18.5	18.1	18.9
Intraprovincial migrants	18,225	8,990	9,240	17.7	17.2	18.1
Interprovincial migrants	865	460	405	0.8	0.9	0.8
External migrants	1,245	690	555	1.2	1.3	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,745	44,730	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,500	11,545	7,955	22.0	25.8	18.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,240	33,190	36,055	78.0	74.2	81.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,180	28,390	27,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,360	5,440	2,925	14.9	19.2	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,815	22,950	24,865	85.1	80.8	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,745	44,735	44,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,220	9,840	7,380	19.4	22.0	16.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,110	9,285	9,825	21.5	20.8	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,415	25,610	26,805	59.1	57.2	60.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,650	18,485	17,160	40.2	41.3	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,020	10,855	7,165	20.3	24.3	16.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,015	6,835	6,185	14.7	15.3	14.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,000	4,020	980	5.6	9.0	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,000	6,610	8,390	16.9	14.8	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,630	1,025	1,605	3.0	2.3	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,765	7,120	9,645	18.9	15.9	21.9
Bachelor's degree	10,235	4,110	6,125	11.5	9.2	13.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,350	575	775	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	240	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	3,675	1,610	2,065	4.1	3.6	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,005	585	420	1.1	1.3	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,180	28,390	27,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,880	4,340	2,540	12.2	15.3	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,055	5,230	4,820	17.9	18.4	17.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,245	18,825	20,425	69.9	66.3	73.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,180	13,575	12,600	46.6	47.8	45.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,010	8,300	5,715	24.9	29.2	20.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,210	5,265	4,940	18.2	18.5	17.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,805	3,040	770	6.8	10.7	2.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,405	4,620	5,785	18.5	16.3	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,760	660	1,100	3.1	2.3	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,065	5,245	7,825	23.3	18.5	28.2
Bachelor's degree	8,070	3,175	4,895	14.4	11.2	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	995	370	625	1.8	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	120	195	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	2,870	1,145	1,730	5.1	4.0	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	815	440	375	1.5	1.5	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,740	44,735	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,325	19,120	17,205	40.9	42.7	39.1
Education	4,545	1,000	3,540	5.1	2.2	8.0
13. Education	4,545	1,000	3,540	5.1	2.2	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,490	630	860	1.7	1.4	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	120	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,320	510	810	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	2,630	1,170	1,460	3.0	2.6	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	75	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	145	50	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,410	635	775	1.6	1.4	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	265	185	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	285	80	205	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,285	1,330	2,955	4.8	3.0	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	195	310	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	890	60	830	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	665	260	405	0.7	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,000	240	760	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	990	480	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
Business, management and public administration	10,785	3,625	7,165	12.2	8.1	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	145	580	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,060	3,480	6,580	11.3	7.8	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,845	1,040	805	2.1	2.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	760	365	400	0.9	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	160	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	295	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
40. Physical sciences	385	320	65	0.4	0.7	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	35	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,250	830	425	1.4	1.9	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,080	760	325	1.2	1.7	0.7
25. Library science	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,210	11,340	870	13.8	25.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	210	130	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,445	1,220	230	1.6	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,340	2,060	275	2.6	4.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,070	3,005	65	3.5	6.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,945	2,860	90	3.3	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	2,195	2,060	130	2.5	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,320	1,430	895	2.6	3.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,760	980	780	2.0	2.2	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	560	450	110	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	7,085	1,280	5,805	8.0	2.9	13.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	365	205	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,515	975	5,540	7.3	2.2	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,905	1,905	2,000	4.4	4.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,310	495	1,815	2.6	1.1	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	635	550	85	0.7	1.2	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	845	90	1.1	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,180	28,390	27,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,930	9,570	7,360	30.1	33.7	26.5
Education	3,120	580	2,545	5.6	2.0	9.2
13. Education	3,120	580	2,545	5.6	2.0	9.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,125	465	660	2.0	1.6	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	100	40	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	985	365	620	1.8	1.3	2.2
Humanities	1,620	715	910	2.9	2.5	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835	400	435	1.5	1.4	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	180	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	45	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,115	830	2,285	5.5	2.9	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	150	255	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	725	25	700	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	490	160	335	0.9	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	655	105	550	1.2	0.4	2.0
45. Social sciences	665	320	340	1.2	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	8,370	2,660	5,710	14.9	9.4	20.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	100	475	1.0	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,795	2,560	5,235	13.9	9.0	18.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,190	650	540	2.1	2.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	280	325	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	270	215	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,035	720	315	1.8	2.5	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	935	670	270	1.7	2.4	1.0
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,415	8,670	740	16.8	30.5	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,280	1,065	210	2.3	3.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,775	1,535	235	3.2	5.4	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,355	2,315	40	4.2	8.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,190	2,125	70	3.9	7.5	0.3
48. Precision production	1,660	1,550	110	3.0	5.5	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,835	1,125	710	3.3	4.0	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,390	780	610	2.5	2.7	2.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	445	345	100	0.8	1.2	0.4
Health and related fields	5,300	940	4,360	9.4	3.3	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	170	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,875	720	4,155	8.7	2.5	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,085	1,465	1,625	5.5	5.2	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,885	400	1,485	3.4	1.4	5.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	430	65	0.9	1.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	640	70	1.3	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,180	28,390	27,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,930	9,570	7,360	30.1	33.7	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,250	18,820	20,430	69.9	66.3	73.5
Location of study inside Canada	37,505	17,900	19,610	66.8	63.1	70.6
Same as province or territory of residence	36,790	17,565	19,225	65.5	61.9	69.2
Different than province or territory of residence	720	335	385	1.3	1.2	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,745	925	820	3.1	3.3	3.0
Americas	535	265	270	1.0	0.9	1.0
United States of America	245	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	860	480	375	1.5	1.7	1.3
Belgium	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	605	335	270	1.1	1.2	1.0
Germany	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	170	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Morocco	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	155	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,745	44,735	44,005	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,555	30,720	27,830	...	...	...
Employed	55,725	29,325	26,400	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,825	1,395	1,430	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,190	14,015	16,180	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	68.7	63.2	66.0	68.7	63.2
Employment rate	62.8	65.6	60.0	62.8	65.6	60.0
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.8	4.5	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,740	44,735	44,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,235	13,425	15,810	32.9	30.0	35.9
Worked	59,510	31,310	28,200	67.1	70.0	64.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,185	17,675	14,505	36.3	39.5	33.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,330	13,635	13,695	30.8	30.5	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.8	42.1	42.5	42.8	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,550	30,720	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	815	370	450	1.4	1.2	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,735	30,350	27,380	98.6	98.8	98.4
Employee	49,315	25,245	24,065	84.2	82.2	86.5
Permanent position	42,035	21,705	20,330	71.8	70.7	73.1
Temporary position	7,275	3,540	3,735	12.4	11.5	13.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,345	925	1,425	4.0	3.0	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,930	2,620	2,310	8.4	8.5	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,420	5,105	3,315	14.4	16.6	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,550	30,720	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	815	370	450	1.4	1.2	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,735	30,350	27,380	98.6	98.8	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,140	785	355	1.9	2.6	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,615	2,735	5,875	14.7	8.9	21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,485	2,650	840	6.0	8.6	3.0
3 Health occupations	5,330	865	4,465	9.1	2.8	16.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,490	2,070	5,420	12.8	6.7	19.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,415	695	720	2.4	2.3	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,935	5,720	7,215	22.1	18.6	25.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,875	10,160	710	18.6	33.1	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,480	1,820	655	4.2	5.9	2.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,975	2,850	1,125	6.8	9.3	4.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,550	30,720	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	815	370	450	1.4	1.2	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	57,735	30,350	27,380	98.6	98.8	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,525	1,765	765	4.3	5.7	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	165	150	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	225	180	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	4,825	4,205	620	8.2	13.7	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	8,925	6,360	2,560	15.2	20.7	9.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,395	1,000	395	2.4	3.3	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,455	3,135	3,320	11.0	10.2	11.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,105	1,745	360	3.6	5.7	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	655	420	235	1.1	1.4	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,485	570	920	2.5	1.9	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	570	310	255	1.0	1.0	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,350	1,750	1,605	5.7	5.7	5.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,825	1,105	715	3.1	3.6	2.6
61 Educational services	5,490	1,820	3,670	9.4	5.9	13.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,995	1,560	7,440	15.4	5.1	26.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	920	515	410	1.6	1.7	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,815	1,170	1,640	4.8	3.8	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,665	1,330	1,340	4.6	4.3	4.8
91 Public administration	2,330	1,270	1,060	4.0	4.1	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,445	32,755	29,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,195	1,835	1,360	5.1	5.6	4.6
French	45,805	23,615	22,190	73.4	72.1	74.7
Non-official language	75	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and French	13,015	7,035	5,980	20.8	21.5	20.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,445	32,755	29,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	60,625	31,775	28,860	97.1	97.0	97.2
Official languages	60,515	31,685	28,830	96.9	96.7	97.1
English	5,640	3,160	2,480	9.0	9.6	8.4
French	54,875	28,525	26,350	87.9	87.1	88.8
Non-official languages	115	90	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	90	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	80	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,815	985	835	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and French	1,790	970	820	2.9	3.0	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,445	32,755	29,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,880	26,500	24,385	81.5	80.9	82.1
English	8,855	4,775	4,075	14.2	14.6	13.7
French	2,420	1,315	1,105	3.9	4.0	3.7
Non-official language	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,725	29,325	26,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,325	4,645	4,685	16.7	15.8	17.7
Worked outside Canada	215	155	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,040	4,665	1,375	10.8	15.9	5.2
Usual place of work	40,140	19,860	20,280	72.0	67.7	76.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	40,145	19,860	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,425	10,640	11,790	55.9	53.6	58.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,120	2,035	2,085	10.3	10.2	10.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,485	7,110	6,375	33.6	35.8	31.4
Commute to a different province or territory	105	80	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,180	24,530	21,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,750	22,820	19,930	92.6	93.0	92.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40,600	21,850	18,745	87.9	89.1	86.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,150	965	1,185	4.7	3.9	5.5
Public transit	510	205	310	1.1	0.8	1.4
Walked	2,045	1,020	1,020	4.4	4.2	4.7
Bicycle	205	170	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	675	320	360	1.5	1.3	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,180	24,530	21,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,335	8,485	7,855	35.4	34.6	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	19,300	9,660	9,640	41.8	39.4	44.5
30 to 44 minutes	7,035	4,070	2,960	15.2	16.6	13.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,990	1,165	820	4.3	4.7	3.8
60 minutes and over	1,525	1,145	380	3.3	4.7	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,180	24,530	21,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,815	2,265	545	6.1	9.2	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,090	6,340	2,750	19.7	25.8	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,105	7,810	8,295	34.9	31.8	38.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,900	3,495	5,410	19.3	14.2	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,185	1,220	1,960	6.9	5.0	9.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,085	3,395	2,690	13.2	13.8	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,645	12,695	11,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,575	2,395	2,185	18.6	18.9	18.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,070	10,305	9,770	81.4	81.2	81.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,190	9,345	8,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,380	1,755	1,625	18.6	18.8	18.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,585	1,325	1,260	14.2	14.2	14.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	795	430	365	4.4	4.6	4.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,805	7,585	7,220	81.4	81.2	81.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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