Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chicoutimi--Le FjordMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,460	46,385	46,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,670	7,040	6,625	14.8	15.2	14.4
0 to 4 years	4,245	2,250	1,995	4.6	4.9	4.3
5 to 9 years	4,785	2,445	2,340	5.2	5.3	5.1
10 to 14 years	4,645	2,355	2,290	5.0	5.1	5.0
15 to 64 years	55,400	28,390	27,005	59.9	61.2	58.6
15 to 19 years	4,300	2,210	2,090	4.7	4.8	4.5
20 to 24 years	4,620	2,440	2,180	5.0	5.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	5,420	2,835	2,585	5.9	6.1	5.6
30 to 34 years	5,260	2,755	2,505	5.7	5.9	5.4
35 to 39 years	5,580	2,955	2,625	6.0	6.4	5.7
40 to 44 years	5,615	2,915	2,695	6.1	6.3	5.8
45 to 49 years	4,765	2,480	2,285	5.2	5.3	5.0
50 to 54 years	4,790	2,400	2,390	5.2	5.2	5.2
55 to 59 years	6,875	3,385	3,485	7.4	7.3	7.6
60 to 64 years	8,180	4,015	4,175	8.8	8.7	9.1
65 years and over	23,390	10,955	12,440	25.3	23.6	27.0
65 to 69 years	7,430	3,735	3,695	8.0	8.1	8.0
70 to 74 years	6,075	3,010	3,070	6.6	6.5	6.7
75 to 79 years	4,335	2,035	2,295	4.7	4.4	5.0
80 to 84 years	2,880	1,210	1,670	3.1	2.6	3.6
85 years and over	2,675	965	1,705	2.9	2.1	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,620	650	970	1.8	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	855	245	605	0.9	0.5	1.3
95 to 99 years	185	70	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.2	14.4	14.8	15.2	14.4
15 to 64 years	59.9	61.2	58.6	59.9	61.2	58.6
65 years and over	25.3	23.6	27.0	25.3	23.6	27.0
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.7	2.9	2.1	3.7
Average age of the population	45.3	44.2	46.4	45.3	44.2	46.4
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	48.8	46.8	45.2	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,635	...	...	49.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,290	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	1,075	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,200	...	...	12.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,835	...	...	25.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	945	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,740	...	...	36.3	...	...
2 persons	16,810	...	...	38.7	...	...
3 persons	4,845	...	...	11.2	...	...
4 persons	4,090	...	...	9.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,910	...	...	4.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	90,500	45,665	44,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	78,790	39,345	39,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	46,780	23,380	23,400	59.4	59.4	59.3
Married	24,955	12,495	12,465	31.7	31.8	31.6
Living common-law	21,825	10,885	10,940	27.7	27.7	27.7
Living common law - Never married	17,305	8,595	8,710	22.0	21.8	22.1
Living common law - Separated	275	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,680	1,910	1,770	4.7	4.9	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	570	240	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	32,010	15,965	16,045	40.6	40.6	40.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,905	11,870	9,030	26.5	30.2	22.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,050	535	515	1.3	1.4	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,015	2,245	2,770	6.4	5.7	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,040	1,310	3,735	6.4	3.3	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,395	...	...	61.8	...	...
3 persons	4,540	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	3,935	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,665	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,125	...	...	87.1	...	...
Married couples	12,220	...	...	46.1	...	...
With children⁶	3,485	...	...	13.1	...	...
Without children	8,735	...	...	32.9	...	...
Common-law couples	10,910	...	...	41.1	...	...
With children⁶	5,350	...	...	20.2	...	...
Without children	5,560	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,400	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,405	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	995	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	90,495	45,665	44,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	70,940	35,495	35,445	78.4	77.7	79.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,255	23,105	23,155	51.1	50.6	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,400	995	2,405	3.8	2.2	5.4
Children⁶	21,280	11,400	9,890	23.5	25.0	22.1
In a two-parent family	16,215	8,575	7,645	17.9	18.8	17.0
In a one-parent family	5,065	2,820	2,240	5.6	6.2	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,555	10,165	9,395	21.6	22.3	21.0
Living alone	15,740	8,005	7,735	17.4	17.5	17.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,485	715	770	1.6	1.6	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,330	1,440	890	2.6	3.2	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,470	...	...	58.7	...	...
Couple-family households	22,350	...	...	51.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,540	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	13,815	...	...	31.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,115	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	555	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,295	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	15,740	...	...	36.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	76,895	38,680	38,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,415	38,055	37,360	98.1	98.4	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	33,200	40,400	48,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,425	38,060	37,365	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	30,200	36,000	41,600	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,815	35,040	31,775	86.9	90.6	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	25,600	33,200	40,800	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,155	28,805	23,345	67.8	74.5	61.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	29,200	34,800	40,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,425	30,355	33,070	82.5	78.5	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	11,600	12,400	12,100	11,600	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,040	6,155	4,885	14.4	15.9	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,640	5,160	5,480	5,640	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,640	9,760	8,880	24.2	25.2	23.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,350	38,125	37,230	97.9	98.2	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,480	56,250	40,560	48,480	56,250	40,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,365	38,130	37,240	97.9	98.2	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,280	45,840	34,600	40,280	45,840	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,920	35,155	31,765	87.0	90.5	83.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	50,640	33,880	42,680	50,640	33,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,235	28,935	23,300	67.9	74.5	61.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	48,920	37,200	43,680	48,920	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,385	30,210	33,180	82.4	77.8	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,590	12,050	13,080	12,590	12,050	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,095	6,095	5,000	14.4	15.7	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,730	7,280	6,980	6,730	7,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,565	9,630	8,940	24.1	24.8	23.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,410	7,100	7,730	7,410	7,100	7,730
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,025	13,645	10,385	31.2	35.1	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	63,200	47,600	56,000	63,200	47,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	72,000	56,450	65,300	72,000	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,050	10,710	10,335	27.4	27.6	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,000	17,000	20,400	25,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	34,920	24,000	29,560	34,920	24,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	83.0	71.2	78.2	83.0	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.5	66.0	57.4	62.5	66.0	57.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.8	17.0	28.7	21.8	17.0	28.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.7	4.6	3.8	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.2	4.6	3.8	3.2	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	76,895	38,680	38,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,485	625	865	1.9	1.6	2.3
With total income	75,415	38,055	37,360	98.1	98.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,900	1,675	3,225	6.5	4.4	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,560	3,475	6,080	12.7	9.1	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,675	5,255	7,420	16.8	13.8	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,005	4,510	5,490	13.3	11.9	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,925	5,070	4,855	13.2	13.3	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,060	4,605	3,460	10.7	12.1	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,835	3,680	2,155	7.7	9.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	2,565	1,330	5.2	6.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	1,780	1,185	3.9	4.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,945	1,195	745	2.6	3.1	2.0
$100,000 and over	5,660	4,245	1,415	7.5	11.1	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,160	3,170	990	5.5	8.3	2.6
$150,000 and over	1,500	1,075	425	2.0	2.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	76,895	38,680	38,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,475	620	855	1.9	1.6	2.3
With after-tax income	75,425	38,060	37,365	98.1	98.4	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,430	1,785	3,640	7.2	4.7	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,975	3,685	6,295	13.2	9.7	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,905	6,250	8,660	19.8	16.4	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	12,650	6,195	6,455	16.8	16.3	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,665	6,555	5,110	15.5	17.2	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	7,875	5,040	2,835	10.4	13.2	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,815	2,910	1,910	6.4	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	1,855	1,125	4.0	4.9	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,845	1,330	515	2.4	3.5	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	925	250	1.6	2.4	0.7
$100,000 and over	2,110	1,525	580	2.8	4.0	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,185	890	295	1.6	2.3	0.8
$125,000 and over	925	640	280	1.2	1.7	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	76,895	38,680	38,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,745	9,870	14,875	32.2	25.5	38.9
With employment income	52,155	28,805	23,350	67.8	74.5	61.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,500	4,375	3,125	14.4	15.2	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,750	1,700	2,045	7.2	5.9	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,395	2,735	3,665	12.3	9.5	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,725	2,635	3,090	11.0	9.1	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,545	2,750	2,790	10.6	9.5	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,330	2,810	2,520	10.2	9.7	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,140	2,485	1,650	7.9	8.6	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	2,235	1,195	6.6	7.7	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,510	1,670	840	4.8	5.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,230	955	4.2	4.3	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	880	445	2.6	3.1	1.9
$100,000 and over	4,315	3,305	1,010	8.3	11.5	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,220	1,730	495	4.3	6.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	2,095	1,575	520	4.0	5.5	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	76,895	38,680	38,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,465	37,595	36,870	96.8	97.2	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	30,400	38,400	46,800	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,595	37,595	36,995	97.0	97.2	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	27,600	34,000	40,400	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,960	34,655	31,305	85.8	89.6	81.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,000	26,600	34,000	42,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,570	28,905	23,665	68.4	74.7	61.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	29,200	35,200	42,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,800	27,870	30,925	76.5	72.1	80.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,700	9,800	9,200	8,700	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,570	6,005	4,570	13.7	15.5	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,200	4,600	5,000	5,200	4,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,440	37,670	36,775	96.7	97.0	96.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,440	54,800	37,880	46,440	54,800	37,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,570	37,670	36,900	96.9	97.0	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,280	44,360	32,040	38,280	44,360	32,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,075	34,745	31,325	85.9	89.5	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	51,700	34,040	43,320	51,700	34,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,700	29,015	23,690	68.5	74.7	62.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	49,640	36,600	43,800	49,640	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,905	27,840	31,060	76.5	71.7	81.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,090	9,610	10,520	10,090	9,610	10,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,740	6,040	4,700	14.0	15.6	12.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,185	7,260	6,650	6,185	7,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,950	13,615	10,340	31.1	35.1	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	60,000	44,800	53,200	60,000	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,300	69,600	52,650	62,300	69,600	52,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,950	10,155	9,795	25.9	26.2	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,200	20,400	24,200	29,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,400	39,560	27,000	33,400	39,560	27,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.0	76.6	82.8	87.0	76.6
Employment income (%)	66.8	69.8	62.2	66.8	69.8	62.2
Government transfers (%)	17.2	13.0	23.4	17.2	13.0	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.8	2.5	2.1	1.8	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,900	...	...	69,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,040	...	...	37,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	675	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,055	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,975	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,720	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,685	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,180	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,155	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,060	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,715	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,445	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,810	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,420	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,975	...	...	29.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,585	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,100	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,150	...	...	7.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,135	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	695	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,125	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,155	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,140	...	...	4.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,065	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,805	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,655	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,190	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,440	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,820	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,485	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,860	...	...	20.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,110	...	...	9.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,285	...	...	5.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,470	...	...	5.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,075	9,450	8,625	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	40,400	30,400	35,200	40,400	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	35,600	28,600	31,800	35,600	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...	108,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	65,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,075	9,370	8,700	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,240	46,800	37,320	42,240	46,800	37,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,040	32,760	36,000	39,040	32,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	90,500	45,665	44,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,125	8,275	7,850	17.8	18.1	17.5
0 to 5 years	5,185	2,725	2,460	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	52,485	26,845	25,640	58.0	58.8	57.2
65 years and over	21,895	10,540	11,355	24.2	23.1	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,920	5,010	5,915	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,230	645	585	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	215	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,095	2,570	2,520	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,600	1,800	2,805	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.1	11.0	13.2	12.1	11.0	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.8	7.4	7.6	7.8	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	7.8	7.5	7.6	7.8	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.6	9.8	9.7	9.6	9.8
65 years and over (%)	21.0	17.0	24.7	21.0	17.0	24.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	90,500	45,665	44,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,125	8,275	7,850	17.8	18.1	17.5
0 to 5 years	5,185	2,725	2,460	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	52,485	26,845	25,640	58.0	58.8	57.2
65 years and over	21,895	10,540	11,355	24.2	23.1	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,265	1,750	1,515	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	300	160	135	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	45	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,645	1,455	1,195	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	135	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.4	4.7	5.1	5.4	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	90,500	45,660	44,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,010	25,530	26,480	57.5	55.9	59.1
In bottom decile	8,905	4,120	4,790	9.8	9.0	10.7
In second decile	10,275	4,860	5,420	11.4	10.6	12.1
In third decile	10,390	5,120	5,275	11.5	11.2	11.8
In fourth decile	11,715	5,920	5,790	12.9	13.0	12.9
In fifth decile	10,715	5,515	5,210	11.8	12.1	11.6
In top half of the distribution	38,490	20,135	18,355	42.5	44.1	40.9
In sixth decile	10,285	5,400	4,890	11.4	11.8	10.9
In seventh decile	9,210	4,775	4,435	10.2	10.5	9.9
In eighth decile	8,130	4,210	3,925	9.0	9.2	8.8
In ninth decile	6,345	3,385	2,955	7.0	7.4	6.6
In top decile	4,515	2,365	2,150	5.0	5.2	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431	...	...	0.431	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.259	...	...	0.259	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	91,935	46,070	45,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	270	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
French only	69,375	32,850	36,525	75.5	71.3	79.6
English and French	22,200	13,025	9,175	24.1	28.3	20.0
Neither English nor French	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	91,935	46,070	45,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	910	500	410	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	90,650	45,360	45,290	98.6	98.5	98.7
English and French	300	170	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	91,935	46,070	45,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,315	45,740	45,575	99.3	99.3	99.4
Official languages	90,100	45,085	45,015	98.0	97.9	98.1
English	790	440	345	0.9	1.0	0.8
French	89,315	44,640	44,675	97.2	96.9	97.4
Non-official languages	1,215	655	555	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,100	600	500	1.2	1.3	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	295	185	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	265	170	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	260	170	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	530	270	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	620	330	290	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	410	220	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	91,935	46,070	45,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	440	235	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	88,370	44,010	44,360	96.1	95.5	96.7
Non-official language	270	160	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	1,870	1,130	740	2.0	2.5	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	650	345	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	255	140	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	91,935	46,070	45,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,375	45,755	45,625	99.4	99.3	99.5
Official languages	90,845	45,460	45,390	98.8	98.7	99.0
English	675	380	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
French	90,170	45,080	45,095	98.1	97.9	98.3
Non-official languages	530	300	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	480	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	555	310	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
English and French	340	200	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	91,935	46,070	45,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,580	44,685	44,895	97.4	97.0	97.9
English	1,405	855	550	1.5	1.9	1.2
French	355	205	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	365	200	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	330	180	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	125	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	90,565	45,710	44,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	90,510	45,690	44,820	99.9	100.0	99.9
English	22,375	13,150	9,220	24.7	28.8	20.6
French	90,255	45,550	44,710	99.7	99.6	99.7
Non-official languages	3,290	1,630	1,660	3.6	3.6	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	145	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,145	1,570	1,575	3.5	3.4	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	380	235	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	350	220	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	340	220	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,220	1,045	1,170	2.5	2.3	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	135	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
German	165	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,890	855	1,035	2.1	1.9	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,720	760	955	1.9	1.7	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolof	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,560	1,790	1,780	3.9	3.9	4.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,300	1,680	1,615	3.6	3.7	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,395	660	735	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	1,875	1,010	870	2.1	2.2	1.9
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	87,000	43,925	43,080	96.1	96.1	96.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,055	495	565	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	89,510	45,215	44,295	98.8	98.9	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,035	...	...	62.3	...	...
Renter	16,380	...	...	37.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,475	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not condominium	38,940	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,605	...	...	12.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,895	...	...	29.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,605	...	...	33.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,155	...	...	23.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,325	...	...	30.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,650	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,230	...	...	12.0	...	...
7 rooms	4,990	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,230	...	...	28.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,330	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,990	...	...	99.0	...	...
Not suitable	425	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,810	...	...	22.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,125	...	...	34.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,560	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,790	...	...	11.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,330	...	...	3.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,835	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,375	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,590	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,500	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,920	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,410	...	...	58.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,405	...	...	40.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	600	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,620	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,690	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,615	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,710	...	...	13.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,075	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,620	...	...	19.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,600	...	...	10.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,500	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,825	...	...	87.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,370	...	...	12.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,890	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,415	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,400	...	...	17.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,090	...	...	11.7	...	...
Not suitable only	385	...	...	0.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,630	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,010	...	...	82.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,060	...	...	2.5	...	...
Not in core need	41,655	...	...	97.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,935	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.6	...	...	62.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,025	...	...	1,025	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	214,000	...	...	214,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	236,800	...	...	236,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...	21.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	636	...	...	636	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	698	...	...	698	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,535	1,720	1,815	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,495	1,695	1,805	3.9	3.7	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,440	1,185	1,255	2.7	2.6	2.8
Métis single ancestry	1,010	495	520	1.1	1.1	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,580	1,285	1,295	2.8	2.8	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,530	1,270	1,265	2.8	2.8	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,105	1,050	1,050	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	425	210	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,455	42,710	41,750	93.3	93.4	93.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,910	44,770	44,140	98.2	97.9	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,045	8,220	7,825	17.7	18.0	17.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	72,870	36,550	36,315	80.5	80.0	81.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,655	935	715	1.8	2.0	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,940	44,260	43,675	97.1	96.8	97.4
Immigrants⁸¹	1,370	705	660	1.5	1.5	1.5
Before 1980	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
1980 to 1990	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	460	270	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	540	260	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
2011 to 2015	260	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,255	740	515	1.4	1.6	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,370	705	660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	170	80	90	12.4	11.3	13.6
5 to 14 years	225	130	100	16.4	18.4	15.2
15 to 24 years	190	85	105	13.9	12.1	15.9
25 to 44 years	690	370	320	50.4	52.5	48.5
45 years and over	85	40	50	6.2	5.7	7.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,370	705	660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	110	130	17.2	15.6	19.7
Brazil	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	15	30	3.3	2.1	4.5
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	30	10	20	2.2	1.4	3.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	2.2	2.1	2.3
Peru	20	10	10	1.5	1.4	1.5
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	40	20	15	2.9	2.8	2.3
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	30	4.7	5.0	4.5
Europe	575	335	245	42.0	47.5	37.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	350	195	155	25.5	27.7	23.5
Germany	30	10	20	2.2	1.4	3.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	1.1	1.4	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	15	1.8	0.0	2.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	20	0	1.8	2.8	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	75	45	30	5.5	6.4	4.5
Africa	415	215	200	30.3	30.5	30.3
Algeria	55	30	20	4.0	4.3	3.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	0	1.5	2.1	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	25	0	1.8	3.5	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	300	135	160	21.9	19.1	24.2
Asia	140	50	90	10.2	7.1	13.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10	1.5	2.1	1.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	2.2	0.0	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.5
Viet Nam	15	15	0	1.1	2.1	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	35	2.9	1.4	5.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	280	145	135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	20	10.7	10.3	14.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	8.9	6.9	7.4
Europe	105	65	45	37.5	44.8	33.3
France	105	60	45	37.5	41.4	33.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	100	45	55	35.7	31.0	40.7
Algeria	15	0	10	5.4	0.0	7.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	15	20	10.7	10.3	14.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	3.6	6.9	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	20	12.5	6.9	14.8
Asia	40	20	20	14.3	13.8	14.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	90,565	45,715	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,985	1,645	1,340	3.3	3.6	3.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,670	790	880	1.8	1.7	2.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,905	43,275	42,630	94.9	94.7	95.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,230	645	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	755	445	310	61.4	69.0	52.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	410	280	130	33.3	43.4	22.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	345	160	180	28.0	24.8	30.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	370	135	235	30.1	20.9	39.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	100	60	35	8.1	9.3	5.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,230	645	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	20	10	2.0	3.1	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	165	80	85	13.4	12.4	14.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	25	45	5.3	3.9	7.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	135	55	15.4	20.9	9.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	770	385	390	62.6	59.7	66.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,060	1,060	1,000	2.3	2.3	2.2
South Asian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	130	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	995	525	470	1.1	1.1	1.0
Filipino	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab	305	195	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	285	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,510	44,645	43,860	97.7	97.7	97.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	37,000	18,510	18,490	40.9	40.5	41.2
English	605	335	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
Irish	1,960	925	1,040	2.2	2.0	2.3
Scottish	1,355	630	725	1.5	1.4	1.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,905	9,195	8,705	19.8	20.1	19.4
German	555	260	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	565	345	215	0.6	0.8	0.5
Indian (India)	135	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	14,405	7,265	7,140	15.9	15.9	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	160	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	11,425	5,750	5,680	12.6	12.6	12.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,245	1,130	1,110	2.5	2.5	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,225	1,115	1,105	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis	1,510	735	770	1.7	1.6	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	995	540	455	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	240	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Acadian	900	480	420	1.0	1.1	0.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,305	640	665	1.4	1.4	1.5
Danish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	570	280	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	200	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	85	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,075	515	565	1.2	1.1	1.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	100	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	90,565	45,710	44,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	70,430	34,690	35,740	77.8	75.9	79.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,980	2,515	2,460	5.5	5.5	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baptist	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	64,580	31,745	32,830	71.3	69.4	73.2
Christian Orthodox	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	595	345	245	0.7	0.8	0.5
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	245	110	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	19,200	10,515	8,690	21.2	23.0	19.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	89,675	45,225	44,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,960	40,300	39,660	89.2	89.1	89.2
Movers	9,710	4,925	4,785	10.8	10.9	10.8
Non-migrants	6,840	3,405	3,435	7.6	7.5	7.7
Migrants	2,870	1,520	1,355	3.2	3.4	3.0
Internal migrants	2,480	1,300	1,180	2.8	2.9	2.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,255	1,150	1,110	2.5	2.5	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	220	150	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	390	220	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	86,290	43,465	42,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,920	28,760	28,160	66.0	66.2	65.8
Movers	29,375	14,705	14,670	34.0	33.8	34.3
Non-migrants	16,800	8,230	8,565	19.5	18.9	20.0
Migrants	12,575	6,470	6,100	14.6	14.9	14.2
Internal migrants	11,330	5,765	5,560	13.1	13.3	13.0
Intraprovincial migrants	10,660	5,375	5,280	12.4	12.4	12.3
Interprovincial migrants	670	390	280	0.8	0.9	0.7
External migrants	1,245	710	540	1.4	1.6	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,025	8,530	7,495	20.8	22.0	19.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,935	30,300	30,635	79.2	78.0	80.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,265	23,505	22,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,935	4,085	2,850	15.0	17.4	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	39,330	19,420	19,910	85.0	82.6	87.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,960	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,740	6,780	6,955	17.9	17.5	18.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,520	7,595	7,930	20.2	19.6	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,695	24,450	23,245	62.0	63.0	61.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,020	18,125	15,900	44.2	46.7	41.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,095	10,490	6,605	22.2	27.0	17.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,795	7,100	5,690	16.6	18.3	14.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,305	3,390	910	5.6	8.7	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,010	6,360	7,645	18.2	16.4	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,915	1,270	1,645	3.8	3.3	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,675	6,330	7,350	17.8	16.3	19.3
Bachelor's degree	9,020	4,040	4,980	11.7	10.4	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,060	515	550	1.4	1.3	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	500	220	280	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	2,535	1,205	1,335	3.3	3.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	555	350	205	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,265	23,505	22,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,345	2,885	2,465	11.6	12.3	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,950	3,500	3,450	15.0	14.9	15.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,965	17,115	16,845	73.4	72.8	74.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,715	12,670	11,045	51.3	53.9	48.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,450	7,540	4,910	26.9	32.1	21.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,320	5,020	4,305	20.1	21.4	18.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,130	2,520	605	6.8	10.7	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,495	4,345	5,150	20.5	18.5	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,770	785	985	3.8	3.3	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,250	4,445	5,800	22.2	18.9	25.5
Bachelor's degree	6,595	2,810	3,785	14.3	12.0	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	780	325	455	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	145	265	0.9	0.6	1.2
Master's degree	2,025	920	1,110	4.4	3.9	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	425	245	185	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,260	14,370	14,885	38.0	37.0	39.0
Education	3,875	1,070	2,805	5.0	2.8	7.4
13. Education	3,875	1,070	2,805	5.0	2.8	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	970	450	520	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	105	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	825	345	480	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	2,265	1,020	1,245	2.9	2.6	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	65	175	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,090	495	595	1.4	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	145	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	190	100	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	315	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,895	785	2,110	3.8	2.0	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	105	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	985	40	945	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	420	180	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	575	110	465	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	500	325	180	0.6	0.8	0.5
Business, management and public administration	10,135	3,300	6,835	13.2	8.5	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	840	175	665	1.1	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,275	3,130	6,150	12.1	8.1	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,445	795	650	1.9	2.0	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	155	250	0.5	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	320	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	440	300	140	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,325	1,045	275	1.7	2.7	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,080	925	150	1.4	2.4	0.4
25. Library science	130	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,430	11,465	965	16.2	29.5	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	390	220	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,550	1,325	220	2.0	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,730	2,445	285	3.5	6.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,650	2,570	80	3.4	6.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,895	2,785	105	3.8	7.2	0.3
48. Precision production	2,225	2,115	110	2.9	5.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,340	975	360	1.7	2.5	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	375	215	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	960	760	200	1.2	2.0	0.5
Health and related fields	6,770	1,185	5,580	8.8	3.1	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	215	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,170	875	5,300	8.0	2.3	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	100	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,240	2,350	1,890	5.5	6.1	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,275	615	1,660	3.0	1.6	4.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	635	495	135	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,275	1,180	95	1.7	3.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,265	23,505	22,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,300	6,385	5,910	26.6	27.2	26.0
Education	2,305	525	1,775	5.0	2.2	7.8
13. Education	2,305	525	1,775	5.0	2.2	7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	310	385	1.5	1.3	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	620	245	370	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	1,330	605	730	2.9	2.6	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	45	145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	630	305	330	1.4	1.3	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	85	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,205	540	1,665	4.8	2.3	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	70	130	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	800	30	765	1.7	0.1	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	310	120	190	0.7	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	455	75	375	1.0	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	360	215	145	0.8	0.9	0.6
Business, management and public administration	7,220	2,235	4,990	15.6	9.5	21.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	630	110	515	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,580	2,120	4,460	14.2	9.0	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	865	510	355	1.9	2.2	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
40. Physical sciences	360	250	110	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,035	830	205	2.2	3.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	890	775	115	1.9	3.3	0.5
25. Library science	80	15	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,165	8,325	845	19.8	35.4	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	285	145	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	1,230	1,035	190	2.7	4.4	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,030	1,775	255	4.4	7.6	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,900	1,830	70	4.1	7.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,060	1,975	85	4.5	8.4	0.4
48. Precision production	1,660	1,555	100	3.6	6.6	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	965	675	295	2.1	2.9	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	135	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	710	540	170	1.5	2.3	0.7
Health and related fields	4,825	795	4,025	10.4	3.4	17.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	155	85	0.5	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,370	565	3,805	9.4	2.4	16.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	75	130	0.5	0.3	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,350	1,770	1,580	7.2	7.5	6.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,800	420	1,375	3.9	1.8	6.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	520	390	125	1.1	1.7	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	980	915	70	2.1	3.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,265	23,505	22,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,300	6,385	5,910	26.6	27.2	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,965	17,120	16,845	73.4	72.8	74.0
Location of study inside Canada	33,045	16,595	16,455	71.4	70.6	72.3
Same as province or territory of residence	32,500	16,240	16,255	70.2	69.1	71.4
Different than province or territory of residence	545	350	195	1.2	1.5	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	920	525	395	2.0	2.2	1.7
Americas	160	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	55	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	380	240	140	0.8	1.0	0.6
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	275	185	95	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	285	165	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	75	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	76,955	38,825	38,130	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,480	24,500	20,980	...	...	...
Employed	42,735	23,000	19,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,745	1,505	1,245	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,475	14,325	17,145	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.1	63.1	55.0	59.1	63.1	55.0
Employment rate	55.5	59.2	51.8	55.5	59.2	51.8
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.1	5.9	6.0	6.1	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	76,955	38,825	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,675	13,820	16,860	39.9	35.6	44.2
Worked	46,280	25,010	21,275	60.1	64.4	55.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,485	13,920	10,570	31.8	35.9	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,790	11,085	10,705	28.3	28.6	28.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.2	41.8	42.4	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,480	24,495	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	415	420	1.8	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,640	24,085	20,555	98.2	98.3	98.0
Employee	40,560	21,825	18,740	89.2	89.1	89.3
Permanent position	32,565	17,750	14,815	71.6	72.5	70.6
Temporary position	7,990	4,075	3,920	17.6	16.6	18.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,820	1,365	1,455	6.2	5.6	6.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,175	2,710	2,465	11.4	11.1	11.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,085	2,260	1,825	9.0	9.2	8.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,480	24,495	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	415	420	1.8	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,640	24,085	20,555	98.2	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	465	150	1.4	1.9	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,635	2,105	4,525	14.6	8.6	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,435	2,770	670	7.6	11.3	3.2
3 Health occupations	4,395	745	3,650	9.7	3.0	17.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,015	2,095	3,915	13.2	8.6	18.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	930	470	460	2.0	1.9	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	11,335	5,070	6,265	24.9	20.7	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,195	7,710	480	18.0	31.5	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	860	145	2.2	3.5	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,085	1,790	295	4.6	7.3	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,480	24,495	20,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	415	420	1.8	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	44,640	24,085	20,555	98.2	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	825	645	180	1.8	2.6	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	565	530	40	1.2	2.2	0.2
22 Utilities	475	420	60	1.0	1.7	0.3
23 Construction	3,410	2,955	455	7.5	12.1	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	4,205	3,390	815	9.2	13.8	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	955	770	185	2.1	3.1	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,680	2,580	3,095	12.5	10.5	14.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,645	1,375	265	3.6	5.6	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	700	405	295	1.5	1.7	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	850	320	530	1.9	1.3	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	495	280	220	1.1	1.1	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,695	1,675	1,020	5.9	6.8	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	35	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,800	1,220	580	4.0	5.0	2.8
61 Educational services	3,600	1,235	2,365	7.9	5.0	11.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,370	1,380	5,990	16.2	5.6	28.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	655	345	310	1.4	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,665	1,205	1,460	5.9	4.9	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,610	1,335	1,275	5.7	5.5	6.1
91 Public administration	3,375	1,990	1,385	7.4	8.1	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	49,165	26,470	22,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	340	235	110	0.7	0.9	0.5
French	44,370	23,215	21,155	90.2	87.7	93.2
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,365	2,980	1,390	8.9	11.3	6.1
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	49,165	26,470	22,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	48,670	26,115	22,550	99.0	98.7	99.3
Official languages	48,645	26,115	22,535	98.9	98.7	99.3
English	855	610	245	1.7	2.3	1.1
French	47,790	25,505	22,295	97.2	96.4	98.2
Non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	500	350	145	1.0	1.3	0.6
English and French	485	340	140	1.0	1.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	49,165	26,470	22,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,215	23,795	21,420	92.0	89.9	94.4
English	3,385	2,270	1,115	6.9	8.6	4.9
French	515	375	140	1.0	1.4	0.6
Non-official language	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,740	22,995	19,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,785	2,855	2,930	13.5	12.4	14.8
Worked outside Canada	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,450	3,365	1,095	10.4	14.6	5.5
Usual place of work	32,470	16,770	15,705	76.0	72.9	79.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,470	16,770	15,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,685	13,460	13,225	82.2	80.3	84.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,320	2,250	2,075	13.3	13.4	13.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,420	1,020	400	4.4	6.1	2.5
Commute to a different province or territory	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,925	20,125	16,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,835	18,395	15,440	91.6	91.4	92.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,245	17,570	14,675	87.3	87.3	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,585	820	760	4.3	4.1	4.5
Public transit	715	385	325	1.9	1.9	1.9
Walked	1,485	730	750	4.0	3.6	4.5
Bicycle	145	115	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	750	500	250	2.0	2.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,925	20,125	16,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,790	8,595	9,200	48.2	42.7	54.8
15 to 29 minutes	13,535	7,785	5,750	36.7	38.7	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,570	2,205	1,365	9.7	11.0	8.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,040	715	320	2.8	3.6	1.9
60 minutes and over	990	830	160	2.7	4.1	1.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,925	20,125	16,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,245	1,850	395	6.1	9.2	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,750	4,800	1,955	18.3	23.9	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,580	6,690	6,885	36.8	33.2	41.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,445	2,735	3,705	17.5	13.6	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,435	985	1,450	6.6	4.9	8.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,470	3,075	2,405	14.8	15.3	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,430	8,425	8,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,480	735	740	9.0	8.7	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,955	7,690	7,260	91.0	91.3	90.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,855	6,010	5,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,100	540	565	9.3	9.0	9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	740	345	395	6.2	5.7	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	360	195	165	3.0	3.2	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,750	5,470	5,280	90.7	91.0	90.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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