Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chicoutimi--Le FjordMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	80,593	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	81,639	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.3	...	...	- 1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,992	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,341	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	31.8	...	...	31.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,534.54	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	80,590	40,165	40,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,510	5,940	5,570	14.3	14.8	13.8
0 to 4 years	3,555	1,875	1,675	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	4,005	2,040	1,960	5.0	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	3,950	2,020	1,930	4.9	5.0	4.8
15 to 64 years	48,140	24,580	23,560	59.7	61.2	58.3
15 to 19 years	3,700	1,880	1,820	4.6	4.7	4.5
20 to 24 years	4,200	2,200	1,995	5.2	5.5	4.9
25 to 29 years	4,835	2,555	2,275	6.0	6.4	5.6
30 to 34 years	4,535	2,385	2,150	5.6	5.9	5.3
35 to 39 years	4,765	2,535	2,225	5.9	6.3	5.5
40 to 44 years	4,795	2,510	2,290	5.9	6.2	5.7
45 to 49 years	4,095	2,110	1,985	5.1	5.3	4.9
50 to 54 years	4,150	2,055	2,095	5.1	5.1	5.2
55 to 59 years	5,970	2,910	3,060	7.4	7.2	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,105	3,450	3,660	8.8	8.6	9.1
65 years and over	20,945	9,640	11,305	26.0	24.0	28.0
65 to 69 years	6,445	3,215	3,230	8.0	8.0	8.0
70 to 74 years	5,350	2,605	2,745	6.6	6.5	6.8
75 to 79 years	3,910	1,810	2,105	4.9	4.5	5.2
80 to 84 years	2,700	1,110	1,590	3.4	2.8	3.9
85 years and over	2,530	900	1,635	3.1	2.2	4.0
85 to 89 years	1,525	595	935	1.9	1.5	2.3
90 to 94 years	815	235	585	1.0	0.6	1.4
95 to 99 years	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	14.8	13.8	14.3	14.8	13.8
15 to 64 years	59.7	61.2	58.3	59.7	61.2	58.3
65 years and over	26.0	24.0	28.0	26.0	24.0	28.0
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	4.0	3.1	2.2	4.0
Average age of the population	45.7	44.4	47.0	45.7	44.4	47.0
Median age of the population	47.2	45.2	49.6	47.2	45.2	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,530	...	...	45.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,905	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	1,045	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,985	...	...	13.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,535	...	...	27.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	945	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,410	...	...	37.6	...	...
2 persons	14,715	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	4,175	...	...	10.9	...	...
4 persons	3,470	...	...	9.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,570	...	...	4.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	78,665	39,460	39,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	69,085	34,220	34,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,250	20,125	20,130	58.3	58.8	57.7
Married	21,615	10,820	10,790	31.3	31.6	31.0
Living common-law	18,640	9,305	9,335	27.0	27.2	26.8
Living common law - Never married	14,750	7,325	7,425	21.4	21.4	21.3
Living common law - Separated	250	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,155	1,650	1,505	4.6	4.8	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	485	200	285	0.7	0.6	0.8
Not married and not living common-law	28,835	14,100	14,730	41.7	41.2	42.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,695	10,520	8,180	27.1	30.7	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	945	460	480	1.4	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,530	1,930	2,595	6.6	5.6	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,665	1,190	3,480	6.8	3.5	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,285	...	...	62.4	...	...
3 persons	3,895	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	3,335	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,370	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,875	...	...	86.9	...	...
Married couples	10,560	...	...	46.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,990	...	...	13.1	...	...
Without children	7,575	...	...	33.1	...	...
Common-law couples	9,315	...	...	40.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,470	...	...	19.5	...	...
Without children	4,845	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,010	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,165	...	...	9.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	845	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	78,665	39,460	39,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	60,830	30,370	30,460	77.3	77.0	77.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,750	19,865	19,885	50.5	50.3	50.7
Parents in one-parent families	3,005	845	2,160	3.8	2.1	5.5
Children⁶	18,065	9,665	8,405	23.0	24.5	21.4
In a two-parent family	13,635	7,205	6,430	17.3	18.3	16.4
In a one-parent family	4,435	2,460	1,975	5.6	6.2	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,835	9,085	8,750	22.7	23.0	22.3
Living alone	14,410	7,145	7,260	18.3	18.1	18.5
Living with other relatives⁷	1,240	575	665	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,190	1,365	830	2.8	3.5	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,000	...	...	57.4	...	...
Couple-family households	19,245	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,225	...	...	18.8	...	...
Without children	12,025	...	...	31.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,760	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	215	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	475	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,185	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	14,410	...	...	37.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	67,225	33,575	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,975	33,045	32,925	98.1	98.4	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,600	33,200	40,400	47,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,985	33,050	32,935	98.2	98.4	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	30,000	35,600	41,200	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,340	30,375	27,965	86.8	90.5	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,800	25,600	32,800	40,800	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,290	24,925	20,365	67.4	74.2	60.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	29,200	34,800	40,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,595	26,405	29,195	82.7	78.6	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	11,600	12,400	12,100	11,600	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,280	5,095	4,185	13.8	15.2	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,520	5,120	5,400	5,520	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,110	8,405	7,705	24.0	25.0	22.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,960	33,085	32,875	98.0	98.2	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	56,000	40,760	48,400	56,000	40,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,975	33,085	32,885	98.0	98.2	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	45,640	34,720	40,200	45,640	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,495	30,455	28,040	86.9	90.4	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	50,520	34,160	42,680	50,520	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,370	25,045	20,330	67.4	74.3	60.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	48,680	37,640	43,720	48,680	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,535	26,250	29,285	82.5	77.9	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,540	11,960	13,060	12,540	11,960	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,360	5,085	4,270	13.9	15.1	12.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,540	7,290	6,880	6,540	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,045	8,310	7,740	23.8	24.7	23.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,480	7,210	7,780	7,480	7,210	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,880	11,820	9,065	31.0	35.1	27.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,800	48,400	56,000	62,800	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,600	71,800	57,350	65,600	71,800	57,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,225	9,200	9,025	27.1	27.3	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,200	17,000	20,000	24,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	34,720	24,180	29,480	34,720	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	83.0	71.4	78.2	83.0	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.1	65.8	57.1	62.1	65.8	57.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.8	17.0	28.6	21.8	17.0	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.6	4.6	3.8	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.2	4.5	3.8	3.2	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	67,225	33,575	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,250	530	720	1.9	1.6	2.1
With total income	65,975	33,050	32,930	98.1	98.4	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,265	1,470	2,795	6.5	4.4	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,455	3,100	5,360	12.8	9.4	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,230	4,595	6,635	17.0	13.9	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	8,765	3,925	4,835	13.3	11.9	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,655	4,425	4,235	13.1	13.4	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,025	4,000	3,025	10.6	12.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	3,205	1,870	7.7	9.7	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,355	2,185	1,175	5.1	6.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,550	1,515	1,035	3.9	4.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,670	1,000	670	2.5	3.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,935	3,635	1,295	7.5	11.0	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	3,605	2,705	900	5.5	8.2	2.7
$150,000 and over	1,325	930	395	2.0	2.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	67,225	33,575	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,240	525	715	1.8	1.6	2.1
With after-tax income	65,985	33,050	32,940	98.2	98.4	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,740	1,570	3,165	7.2	4.8	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,815	3,270	5,545	13.4	9.9	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,200	5,460	7,740	20.0	16.5	23.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,035	5,390	5,645	16.7	16.3	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,150	5,675	4,470	15.4	17.2	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,815	4,350	2,465	10.3	13.2	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,160	2,510	1,650	6.3	7.6	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,595	1,580	1,015	3.9	4.8	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	1,120	470	2.4	3.4	1.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,020	800	225	1.5	2.4	0.7
$100,000 and over	1,870	1,330	540	2.8	4.0	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040	755	285	1.6	2.3	0.9
$125,000 and over	830	575	260	1.3	1.7	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	67,225	33,575	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,935	8,650	13,285	32.6	25.8	39.5
With employment income	45,290	24,925	20,365	67.4	74.2	60.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,590	3,850	2,735	14.6	15.4	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,290	1,510	1,780	7.3	6.1	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,595	2,390	3,200	12.4	9.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	4,950	2,280	2,665	10.9	9.1	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,795	2,385	2,415	10.6	9.6	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,600	2,430	2,170	10.2	9.7	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,555	2,110	1,445	7.8	8.5	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,970	1,935	1,030	6.6	7.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,165	1,425	735	4.8	5.7	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,865	1,030	840	4.1	4.1	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,155	745	415	2.6	3.0	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,760	2,830	930	8.3	11.4	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,920	1,465	455	4.2	5.9	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,840	1,365	480	4.1	5.5	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	67,225	33,575	33,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,125	32,635	32,490	96.9	97.2	96.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	30,200	38,000	46,400	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,235	32,640	32,595	97.0	97.2	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	27,400	33,600	40,000	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,605	30,035	27,570	85.7	89.5	81.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	26,600	33,600	41,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,620	24,980	20,640	67.9	74.4	61.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	29,200	34,800	41,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,555	24,260	27,300	76.7	72.3	81.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,700	9,900	9,200	8,700	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,740	4,885	3,855	13.0	14.5	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	5,200	4,520	4,960	5,200	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,145	32,680	32,465	96.8	97.0	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,280	54,450	38,040	46,280	54,450	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,260	32,680	32,580	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	44,120	32,280	38,200	44,120	32,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,765	30,100	27,665	85.8	89.3	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,240	51,500	34,240	43,240	51,500	34,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,785	25,085	20,700	68.0	74.5	61.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	49,360	37,000	43,760	49,360	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,630	24,185	27,440	76.7	71.8	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,040	9,510	10,510	10,040	9,510	10,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,930	4,940	3,985	13.3	14.7	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,165	7,250	6,650	6,165	7,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,815	11,790	9,020	30.9	35.0	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	60,000	45,200	53,200	60,000	45,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,450	69,400	53,400	62,450	69,400	53,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,280	8,715	8,565	25.7	25.9	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	28,400	20,400	23,800	28,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,280	39,200	27,240	33,280	39,200	27,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.0	76.6	82.8	87.0	76.6
Employment income (%)	66.4	69.6	62.0	66.4	69.6	62.0
Government transfers (%)	17.2	12.9	23.4	17.2	12.9	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.3	2.0	1.7	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	23,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,480	...	...	36,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	995	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,765	...	...	7.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,585	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,530	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,935	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,900	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,330	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,040	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,640	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,410	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,140	...	...	29.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,940	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,620	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,695	...	...	7.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,885	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	655	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,050	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,935	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,955	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,885	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,475	...	...	6.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,375	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,950	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,935	...	...	10.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,310	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,025	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,535	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,605	...	...	19.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,485	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,945	...	...	5.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,180	...	...	5.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,595	8,510	8,090	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	39,600	30,400	34,400	39,600	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	35,200	28,600	31,400	35,200	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...	76,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,565	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,585	8,425	8,165	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	45,640	37,120	41,440	45,640	37,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,440	38,200	32,600	35,440	38,200	32,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	78,670	39,455	39,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,560	6,945	6,610	17.2	17.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	4,345	2,280	2,065	5.5	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	45,650	23,275	22,375	58.0	59.0	57.1
65 years and over	19,460	9,240	10,225	24.7	23.4	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,825	4,455	5,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,035	540	500	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	160	165	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,680	2,375	2,300	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,110	1,540	2,570	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.5	11.3	13.7	12.5	11.3	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7	7.8	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.1	7.8	7.4	7.1	7.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.2	10.3	10.3	10.2	10.3
65 years and over (%)	21.1	16.7	25.1	21.1	16.7	25.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	78,665	39,460	39,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,555	6,945	6,615	17.2	17.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	4,345	2,280	2,065	5.5	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	45,645	23,275	22,375	58.0	59.0	57.1
65 years and over	19,460	9,235	10,220	24.7	23.4	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,110	1,665	1,445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	270	150	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	35	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,550	1,400	1,150	...	...	...
65 years and over	295	115	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.2	1.8	2.0	2.2	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	1.7	2.5	2.1	1.7	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	6.0	5.1	5.6	6.0	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	78,670	39,455	39,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,475	22,140	23,335	57.8	56.1	59.5
In bottom decile	8,125	3,725	4,395	10.3	9.4	11.2
In second decile	8,950	4,195	4,750	11.4	10.6	12.1
In third decile	9,105	4,445	4,660	11.6	11.3	11.9
In fourth decile	10,125	5,080	5,045	12.9	12.9	12.9
In fifth decile	9,180	4,690	4,485	11.7	11.9	11.4
In top half of the distribution	33,190	17,320	15,865	42.2	43.9	40.5
In sixth decile	8,810	4,600	4,210	11.2	11.7	10.7
In seventh decile	7,860	4,070	3,795	10.0	10.3	9.7
In eighth decile	6,925	3,580	3,340	8.8	9.1	8.5
In ninth decile	5,540	2,955	2,585	7.0	7.5	6.6
In top decile	4,055	2,115	1,935	5.2	5.4	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	78,665	...	...	78,665	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	80,085	39,855	40,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	255	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
French only	59,710	27,915	31,800	74.6	70.0	79.1
English and French	20,030	11,760	8,275	25.0	29.5	20.6
Neither English nor French	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	80,085	39,855	40,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	845	470	380	1.1	1.2	0.9
French	78,880	39,190	39,695	98.5	98.3	98.7
English and French	285	160	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Neither English nor French	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	80,085	39,855	40,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,510	39,555	39,955	99.3	99.2	99.3
Official languages	78,330	38,915	39,415	97.8	97.6	98.0
English	730	410	315	0.9	1.0	0.8
French	77,600	38,500	39,100	96.9	96.6	97.2
Non-official languages	1,185	640	540	1.5	1.6	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	105	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	105	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,070	590	480	1.3	1.5	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	180	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	260	165	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	255	165	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	510	260	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	180	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	240	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	570	300	270	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	365	195	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	80,085	39,855	40,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	410	225	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	76,750	37,935	38,815	95.8	95.2	96.5
Non-official language	275	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	235	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	1,710	1,030	675	2.1	2.6	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	630	335	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	80,085	39,855	40,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,565	39,565	40,000	99.4	99.3	99.4
Official languages	79,040	39,270	39,770	98.7	98.5	98.9
English	630	355	280	0.8	0.9	0.7
French	78,405	38,915	39,490	97.9	97.6	98.2
Non-official languages	530	295	230	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	470	270	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	145	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	100	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	515	290	230	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	315	180	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	80,080	39,855	40,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,900	38,575	39,325	97.3	96.8	97.8
English	1,285	785	500	1.6	2.0	1.2
French	335	190	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Non-official language	350	195	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	315	180	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	78,680	39,470	39,210	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	20,245	11,900	8,345	25.7	30.1	21.3
French	78,430	39,330	39,100	99.6	99.6	99.6
Non-official languages	3,140	1,565	1,570	4.0	4.0	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,995	1,505	1,490	3.8	3.8	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	235	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	345	215	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	340	215	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,085	985	1,105	2.6	2.5	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	155	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,775	810	965	2.3	2.1	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,610	725	885	2.0	1.8	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	285	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,940	1,420	1,515	3.7	3.6	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,720	1,340	1,375	3.5	3.4	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,175	540	630	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	1,520	790	730	1.9	2.0	1.9
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	75,795	38,065	37,730	96.3	96.4	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	905	405	500	1.1	1.0	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	77,825	39,090	38,740	98.8	99.0	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,820	...	...	59.5	...	...
Renter	15,545	...	...	40.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,315	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not condominium	34,055	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,210	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,475	...	...	29.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,850	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,685	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,540	...	...	32.7	...	...
5 rooms	6,595	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,475	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,235	...	...	11.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,515	...	...	27.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,305	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,015	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,140	...	...	23.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,485	...	...	35.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,805	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,280	...	...	11.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,130	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,445	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,840	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,235	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,690	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,675	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,730	...	...	59.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,110	...	...	39.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	525	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,530	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,055	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,680	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,950	...	...	12.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,970	...	...	20.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,510	...	...	19.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,230	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,440	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,210	...	...	87.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,980	...	...	13.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,535	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,735	...	...	17.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,735	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,425	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,630	...	...	82.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	990	...	...	2.6	...	...
Not in core need	36,755	...	...	97.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,750	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.4	...	...	62.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031	...	...	1,031	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	214,000	...	...	214,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	237,200	...	...	237,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,540	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	640	...	...	640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	703	...	...	703	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	78,730	39,490	39,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,910	1,375	1,535	3.7	3.5	3.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,885	1,360	1,520	3.7	3.4	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,095	1,005	1,095	2.7	2.5	2.8
Métis single ancestry	750	345	410	1.0	0.9	1.0
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,185	1,085	1,095	2.8	2.7	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,150	1,070	1,075	2.7	2.7	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,810	905	900	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	73,640	37,025	36,615	93.5	93.8	93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	78,730	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	77,150	38,580	38,570	98.0	97.7	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,425	6,880	6,540	17.1	17.4	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,720	31,695	32,025	80.9	80.3	81.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,585	910	670	2.0	2.3	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	78,730	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,220	38,100	38,120	96.8	96.5	97.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,300	665	635	1.7	1.7	1.6
Before 1980	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	430	250	185	0.5	0.6	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	525	250	270	0.7	0.6	0.7
2011 to 2015	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	275	140	140	0.3	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,205	725	490	1.5	1.8	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,305	670	635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	160	80	85	12.3	11.9	13.4
5 to 14 years	220	125	95	16.9	18.7	15.0
15 to 24 years	185	90	95	14.2	13.4	15.0
25 to 44 years	665	345	315	51.0	51.5	49.6
45 years and over	75	35	45	5.7	5.2	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,305	670	635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	110	125	17.6	16.4	19.7
Brazil	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Colombia	45	15	25	3.4	2.2	3.9
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	25	10	15	1.9	1.5	2.4
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	2.3	2.2	2.4
Peru	20	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	20	20	2.7	3.0	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	30	5.0	5.2	4.7
Europe	530	300	230	40.6	44.8	36.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	320	180	140	24.5	26.9	22.0
Germany	30	10	20	2.3	1.5	3.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
Portugal	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	3.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	20	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	65	35	25	5.0	5.2	3.9
Africa	405	205	200	31.0	30.6	31.5
Algeria	50	30	25	3.8	4.5	3.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	1.9	2.2	1.6
Egypt	15	10	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	20	0	2.3	3.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	295	135	165	22.6	20.1	26.0
Asia	130	55	80	10.0	8.2	12.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	1.5	1.5	1.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	2.3	0.0	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Viet Nam	15	10	0	1.1	1.5	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	10	30	3.4	1.5	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	280	140	135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	10	20	10.7	7.1	14.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	15	7.1	7.1	11.1
Europe	105	60	40	37.5	42.9	29.6
France	100	60	40	35.7	42.9	29.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	105	50	55	37.5	35.7	40.7
Algeria	15	0	10	5.4	0.0	7.4
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	15	15	10.7	10.7	11.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	3.6	7.1	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	12.5	7.1	18.5
Asia	40	15	20	14.3	10.7	14.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,835	1,580	1,260	3.6	4.0	3.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,535	715	820	1.9	1.8	2.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,365	37,195	37,165	94.4	94.2	94.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,170	600	570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	725	420	305	62.0	70.0	53.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	395	265	125	33.8	44.2	21.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	335	155	180	28.6	25.8	31.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	350	125	220	29.9	20.8	38.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	90	55	35	7.7	9.2	6.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,170	600	570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	20	0	2.1	3.3	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	140	65	75	12.0	10.8	13.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	30	40	5.6	5.0	7.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	130	55	16.2	21.7	9.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	740	365	375	63.2	60.8	65.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,005	1,040	965	2.5	2.6	2.5
South Asian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	110	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	980	510	470	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	295	185	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	285	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,730	38,450	38,280	97.5	97.4	97.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,795	15,730	16,065	40.4	39.8	40.9
English	545	290	255	0.7	0.7	0.6
Irish	1,650	820	835	2.1	2.1	2.1
Scottish	1,235	560	675	1.6	1.4	1.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,785	8,035	7,750	20.0	20.3	19.7
German	510	230	285	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italian	520	320	200	0.7	0.8	0.5
Indian (India)	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	12,570	6,340	6,235	16.0	16.1	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	150	100	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Filipino	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,035	5,055	4,980	12.7	12.8	12.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,970	980	985	2.5	2.5	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,875	930	950	2.4	2.4	2.4
Métis	1,135	525	610	1.4	1.3	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	950	505	440	1.2	1.3	1.1
Russian	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	255	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	210	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Acadian	820	415	405	1.0	1.1	1.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	110	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,125	560	570	1.4	1.4	1.5
Danish	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	240	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	200	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	95	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	215	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	80	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	895	430	465	1.1	1.1	1.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	110	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	100	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	78,735	39,490	39,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	61,320	29,945	31,375	77.9	75.8	79.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,290	2,140	2,155	5.4	5.4	5.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catholic	56,210	27,410	28,800	71.4	69.4	73.4
Christian Orthodox	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	285	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	595	345	250	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	16,510	9,045	7,465	21.0	22.9	19.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	77,980	39,080	38,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,230	34,630	34,605	88.8	88.6	89.0
Movers	8,745	4,455	4,295	11.2	11.4	11.0
Non-migrants	6,360	3,180	3,180	8.2	8.1	8.2
Migrants	2,385	1,275	1,110	3.1	3.3	2.9
Internal migrants	2,000	1,055	945	2.6	2.7	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	1,800	920	885	2.3	2.4	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	200	135	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	390	220	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	75,140	37,615	37,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	49,425	24,765	24,660	65.8	65.8	65.7
Movers	25,710	12,850	12,860	34.2	34.2	34.3
Non-migrants	15,810	7,715	8,095	21.0	20.5	21.6
Migrants	9,905	5,135	4,770	13.2	13.7	12.7
Internal migrants	8,700	4,440	4,265	11.6	11.8	11.4
Intraprovincial migrants	8,060	4,060	4,000	10.7	10.8	10.7
Interprovincial migrants	645	380	265	0.9	1.0	0.7
External migrants	1,205	695	505	1.6	1.8	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,290	33,685	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,515	7,085	6,430	20.1	21.0	19.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,775	26,600	27,175	79.9	79.0	80.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,045	20,270	19,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,730	3,335	2,390	14.3	16.5	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,325	16,930	17,390	85.7	83.5	87.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,685	5,695	5,985	17.4	16.9	17.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,690	6,680	7,010	20.3	19.8	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,915	21,315	20,605	62.3	63.3	61.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,390	15,485	13,905	43.7	46.0	41.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,485	8,780	5,695	21.5	26.1	16.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,960	6,045	4,915	16.3	17.9	14.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,520	2,735	785	5.2	8.1	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,330	5,600	6,730	18.3	16.6	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,580	1,100	1,480	3.8	3.3	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,525	5,835	6,690	18.6	17.3	19.9
Bachelor's degree	8,190	3,695	4,495	12.2	11.0	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	960	450	510	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	485	210	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,355	1,145	1,215	3.5	3.4	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	530	330	200	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,050	20,265	19,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,480	2,405	2,080	11.2	11.9	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,945	3,005	2,935	14.8	14.8	14.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,625	14,860	14,765	74.0	73.3	74.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,250	10,750	9,500	50.6	53.0	48.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,420	6,250	4,175	26.0	30.8	21.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,965	4,280	3,685	19.9	21.1	18.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,460	1,965	490	6.1	9.7	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,260	3,825	4,430	20.6	18.9	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,570	675	895	3.9	3.3	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,375	4,110	5,265	23.4	20.3	26.6
Bachelor's degree	5,960	2,580	3,385	14.9	12.7	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	705	280	430	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	140	260	1.0	0.7	1.3
Master's degree	1,895	885	1,010	4.7	4.4	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	405	230	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,370	12,370	13,000	37.7	36.7	38.7
Education	3,515	945	2,570	5.2	2.8	7.6
13. Education	3,515	945	2,570	5.2	2.8	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	880	425	460	1.3	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	750	335	420	1.1	1.0	1.3
Humanities	2,065	940	1,125	3.1	2.8	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	55	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	980	450	525	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	135	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	290	110	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,605	735	1,875	3.9	2.2	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	110	185	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	35	775	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	390	160	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	540	100	440	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	465	300	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
Business, management and public administration	9,040	2,970	6,070	13.4	8.8	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	155	615	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,255	2,815	5,440	12.3	8.4	16.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,295	710	590	1.9	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	145	235	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	90	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	275	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	380	260	115	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,245	990	255	1.9	2.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,020	875	145	1.5	2.6	0.4
25. Library science	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,600	9,770	830	15.8	29.0	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	360	215	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,415	1,215	195	2.1	3.6	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,380	2,145	235	3.5	6.4	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,230	2,150	80	3.3	6.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,335	2,250	80	3.5	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,890	1,795	95	2.8	5.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	805	300	1.6	2.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	165	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	795	640	155	1.2	1.9	0.5
Health and related fields	5,955	1,070	4,885	8.8	3.2	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	315	200	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,405	785	4,615	8.0	2.3	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	230	90	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,600	1,960	1,645	5.3	5.8	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,965	525	1,445	2.9	1.6	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	585	460	125	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,005	935	70	1.5	2.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,050	20,265	19,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,425	5,410	5,015	26.0	26.7	25.3
Education	2,080	470	1,610	5.2	2.3	8.1
13. Education	2,080	470	1,610	5.2	2.3	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	630	300	330	1.6	1.5	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	560	245	315	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	1,190	555	635	3.0	2.7	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	170	35	140	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	550	280	265	1.4	1.4	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	70	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	90	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195	75	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,975	500	1,480	4.9	2.5	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	75	135	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	30	620	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	280	95	180	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	430	70	360	1.1	0.3	1.8
45. Social sciences	335	210	125	0.8	1.0	0.6
Business, management and public administration	6,390	1,995	4,400	16.0	9.8	22.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	105	475	1.4	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,805	1,885	3,915	14.5	9.3	19.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	770	460	310	1.9	2.3	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	265	110	160	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	310	220	90	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	980	790	195	2.4	3.9	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	735	110	2.1	3.6	0.6
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,760	7,045	720	19.4	34.8	3.6
04. Architecture and related services	255	140	125	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	1,130	965	170	2.8	4.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,760	1,545	210	4.4	7.6	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,575	1,515	65	3.9	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,630	1,570	60	4.1	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	1,405	1,315	90	3.5	6.5	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	810	575	240	2.0	2.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	600	465	130	1.5	2.3	0.7
Health and related fields	4,190	715	3,470	10.5	3.5	17.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	220	140	80	0.5	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,760	505	3,260	9.4	2.5	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	75	130	0.5	0.4	0.7
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,840	1,460	1,380	7.1	7.2	7.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,560	355	1,200	3.9	1.8	6.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	360	120	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	760	705	50	1.9	3.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,050	20,265	19,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,425	5,410	5,015	26.0	26.7	25.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,625	14,860	14,765	74.0	73.3	74.6
Location of study inside Canada	28,760	14,365	14,395	71.8	70.9	72.8
Same as province or territory of residence	28,255	14,040	14,215	70.5	69.3	71.8
Different than province or territory of residence	510	325	185	1.3	1.6	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	860	490	370	2.1	2.4	1.9
Americas	155	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	330	215	120	0.8	1.1	0.6
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	235	160	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	285	165	125	0.7	0.8	0.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	75	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asia	90	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	67,290	33,690	33,600	...	...	...
In the labour force	39,650	21,320	18,330	...	...	...
Employed	37,290	20,025	17,270	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,360	1,295	1,065	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,640	12,370	15,270	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.9	63.3	54.6	58.9	63.3	54.6
Employment rate	55.4	59.4	51.4	55.4	59.4	51.4
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.1	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	67,290	33,690	33,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,105	12,095	15,020	40.3	35.9	44.7
Worked	40,180	21,595	18,585	59.7	64.1	55.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,300	12,065	9,235	31.7	35.8	27.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,880	9,535	9,350	28.1	28.3	27.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.2	41.8	42.4	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,650	21,320	18,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	755	375	385	1.9	1.8	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,890	20,945	17,945	98.1	98.2	97.9
Employee	35,295	18,990	16,310	89.0	89.1	89.0
Permanent position	28,205	15,345	12,855	71.1	72.0	70.1
Temporary position	7,095	3,640	3,460	17.9	17.1	18.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,535	1,260	1,275	6.4	5.9	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,560	2,380	2,185	11.5	11.2	11.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,595	1,960	1,640	9.1	9.2	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,650	21,320	18,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	755	375	385	1.9	1.8	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,890	20,945	17,945	98.1	98.2	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	560	425	140	1.4	2.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,915	1,940	3,980	14.9	9.1	21.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,055	2,500	555	7.7	11.7	3.0
3 Health occupations	3,855	680	3,170	9.7	3.2	17.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,430	1,955	3,470	13.7	9.2	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	865	445	420	2.2	2.1	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	9,930	4,500	5,430	25.0	21.1	29.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,735	6,335	400	17.0	29.7	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	750	640	105	1.9	3.0	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,800	1,530	275	4.5	7.2	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,650	21,320	18,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	755	375	385	1.9	1.8	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	38,890	20,945	17,945	98.1	98.2	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	625	495	130	1.6	2.3	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	405	375	30	1.0	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	430	375	55	1.1	1.8	0.3
23 Construction	2,710	2,340	370	6.8	11.0	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,595	2,890	705	9.1	13.6	3.8
41 Wholesale trade	835	680	160	2.1	3.2	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	4,975	2,290	2,685	12.5	10.7	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,385	1,175	215	3.5	5.5	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	675	395	285	1.7	1.9	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	765	290	480	1.9	1.4	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	455	265	195	1.1	1.2	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,445	1,525	925	6.2	7.2	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,565	1,055	505	3.9	4.9	2.8
61 Educational services	3,205	1,100	2,100	8.1	5.2	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,510	1,265	5,245	16.4	5.9	28.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	575	295	275	1.5	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,350	1,090	1,260	5.9	5.1	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,240	1,145	1,095	5.6	5.4	6.0
91 Public administration	3,080	1,865	1,210	7.8	8.7	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,715	22,905	19,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	310	205	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
French	38,345	19,950	18,395	89.8	87.1	92.9
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	3,980	2,710	1,270	9.3	11.8	6.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,715	22,905	19,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,255	22,580	19,670	98.9	98.6	99.3
Official languages	42,230	22,580	19,655	98.9	98.6	99.2
English	780	545	235	1.8	2.4	1.2
French	41,455	22,035	19,420	97.1	96.2	98.0
Non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	465	325	140	1.1	1.4	0.7
English and French	450	320	135	1.1	1.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,715	22,905	19,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,120	20,480	18,645	91.6	89.4	94.1
English	3,070	2,060	1,015	7.2	9.0	5.1
French	475	340	130	1.1	1.5	0.7
Non-official language	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	37,290	20,020	17,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,125	2,550	2,575	13.7	12.7	14.9
Worked outside Canada	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,625	2,710	915	9.7	13.5	5.3
Usual place of work	28,510	14,740	13,765	76.5	73.6	79.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,510	14,740	13,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,940	13,055	12,885	91.0	88.6	93.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,335	780	545	4.7	5.3	4.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,195	865	330	4.2	5.9	2.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	40	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,130	17,455	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	29,265	15,840	13,425	91.1	90.7	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,880	15,125	12,760	86.8	86.7	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,385	715	670	4.3	4.1	4.6
Public transit	700	385	315	2.2	2.2	2.1
Walked	1,370	680	695	4.3	3.9	4.7
Bicycle	130	100	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	665	450	210	2.1	2.6	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,130	17,455	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,805	8,065	8,740	52.3	46.2	59.6
15 to 29 minutes	11,230	6,600	4,625	35.0	37.8	31.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,535	1,575	960	7.9	9.0	6.5
45 to 59 minutes	765	540	220	2.4	3.1	1.5
60 minutes and over	790	670	125	2.5	3.8	0.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,130	17,455	14,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,885	1,565	320	5.9	9.0	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,550	3,930	1,625	17.3	22.5	11.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,900	5,900	6,000	37.0	33.8	40.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,865	2,515	3,340	18.3	14.4	22.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,200	910	1,295	6.8	5.2	8.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,740	2,640	2,095	14.8	15.1	14.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,825	7,080	6,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,265	635	630	9.2	9.0	9.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,555	6,440	6,120	90.8	91.0	90.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,000	5,060	4,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950	465	480	9.5	9.2	9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	310	345	6.6	6.1	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	155	135	3.0	3.1	2.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,050	4,595	4,455	90.5	90.8	90.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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