Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chicoutimi - JonquièreMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	103,934	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	104,741^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.8	...	...	- 0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,088	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,552	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,099.1	...	...	1,099.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	94.56	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,935	51,210	52,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,070	7,750	7,325	14.5	15.1	13.9
0 to 4 years	4,590	2,415	2,180	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,155	2,595	2,555	5.0	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,330	2,740	2,595	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	62,015	31,525	30,485	59.7	61.6	57.8
15 to 19 years	5,030	2,535	2,495	4.8	5.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,675	2,975	2,705	5.5	5.8	5.1
25 to 29 years	6,035	3,175	2,860	5.8	6.2	5.4
30 to 34 years	5,875	3,090	2,785	5.7	6.0	5.3
35 to 39 years	6,040	3,175	2,865	5.8	6.2	5.4
40 to 44 years	6,415	3,285	3,120	6.2	6.4	5.9
45 to 49 years	5,445	2,760	2,685	5.2	5.4	5.1
50 to 54 years	5,305	2,640	2,675	5.1	5.2	5.1
55 to 59 years	7,415	3,625	3,795	7.1	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,785	4,275	4,505	8.5	8.3	8.5
65 years and over	26,845	11,930	14,915	25.8	23.3	28.3
65 to 69 years	8,010	3,905	4,105	7.7	7.6	7.8
70 to 74 years	6,725	3,195	3,530	6.5	6.2	6.7
75 to 79 years	5,060	2,275	2,785	4.9	4.4	5.3
80 to 84 years	3,550	1,410	2,145	3.4	2.8	4.1
85 years and over	3,500	1,155	2,350	3.4	2.3	4.5
85 to 89 years	2,110	765	1,345	2.0	1.5	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,125	315	815	1.1	0.6	1.5
95 to 99 years	245	70	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.1	13.9	14.5	15.1	13.9
15 to 64 years	59.7	61.6	57.8	59.7	61.6	57.8
65 years and over	25.8	23.3	28.3	25.8	23.3	28.3
85 years and over	3.4	2.3	4.5	3.4	2.3	4.5
Average age of the population	45.5	44.0	46.9	45.5	44.0	46.9
Median age of the population	46.4	44.4	49.2	46.4	44.4	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,245	...	...	42.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,040	...	...	8.2	...	...
Row house	1,330	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,745	...	...	13.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,890	...	...	30.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,045	...	...	2.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,315	...	...	39.0	...	...
2 persons	18,340	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 persons	5,390	...	...	10.9	...	...
4 persons	4,535	...	...	9.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,975	...	...	4.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,855	50,140	50,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	88,860	43,460	45,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,940	24,930	25,005	56.2	57.4	55.1
Married	25,990	12,980	13,005	29.2	29.9	28.6
Living common-law	23,950	11,950	12,000	27.0	27.5	26.4
Living common law - Never married	19,130	9,565	9,565	21.5	22.0	21.1
Living common law - Separated	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	3,935	2,000	1,935	4.4	4.6	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	585	240	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	38,925	18,530	20,395	43.8	42.6	44.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,220	13,980	11,240	28.4	32.2	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,195	560	640	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,235	2,480	3,755	7.0	5.7	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,275	1,515	4,760	7.1	3.5	10.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,740	...	...	61.6	...	...
3 persons	5,005	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	4,345	...	...	15.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,720	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,595	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	12,630	...	...	43.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,610	...	...	12.5	...	...
Without children	9,015	...	...	31.3	...	...
Common-law couples	11,965	...	...	41.5	...	...
With children⁶	5,820	...	...	20.2	...	...
Without children	6,145	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,215	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,020	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,195	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,855	50,140	50,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,950	38,260	38,685	76.3	76.3	76.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,190	24,565	24,620	48.8	49.0	48.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,210	1,195	3,015	4.2	2.4	5.9
Children⁶	23,550	12,500	11,045	23.4	24.9	21.8
In a two-parent family	17,250	9,080	8,175	17.1	18.1	16.1
In a one-parent family	6,295	3,420	2,875	6.2	6.8	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,905	11,885	12,025	23.7	23.7	23.7
Living alone	19,320	9,300	10,015	19.2	18.5	19.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,595	740	855	1.6	1.5	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	2,995	1,840	1,155	3.0	3.7	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,720	...	...	55.9	...	...
Couple-family households	23,820	...	...	48.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,160	...	...	18.5	...	...
Without children	14,655	...	...	29.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,895	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,585	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	19,315	...	...	39.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,850	42,455	43,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,260	41,735	42,525	98.1	98.3	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,600	33,600	40,400	47,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,280	41,740	42,540	98.2	98.3	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	30,400	35,600	41,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,280	38,205	36,080	86.5	90.0	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,400	26,000	33,200	40,400	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,095	31,725	26,370	67.7	74.7	60.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	29,800	34,400	39,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,350	33,435	37,915	83.1	78.8	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	11,500	12,500	12,100	11,500	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,440	6,215	5,220	13.3	14.6	12.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,480	4,960	5,240	5,480	4,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,280	11,060	10,225	24.8	26.1	23.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,945	42,480	43,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,275	41,680	42,600	98.1	98.1	98.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	55,850	41,080	48,400	55,850	41,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,295	41,695	42,605	98.1	98.2	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	45,440	35,040	40,200	45,440	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,405	38,120	36,290	86.6	89.7	83.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,760	50,600	34,480	42,760	50,600	34,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,140	31,810	26,330	67.6	74.9	60.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	47,960	38,160	43,520	47,960	38,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,345	33,195	38,155	83.0	78.1	87.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,580	11,990	13,080	12,580	11,990	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,325	6,105	5,220	13.2	14.4	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,710	6,385	7,080	6,710	6,385	7,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,135	10,885	10,250	24.6	25.6	23.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,540	7,300	7,800	7,540	7,300	7,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,940	42,485	43,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,860	14,860	12,000	31.3	35.0	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	63,200	49,200	56,400	63,200	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	72,900	58,000	66,300	72,900	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,055	11,405	11,645	26.8	26.8	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,200	16,800	19,400	23,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,360	33,240	23,600	28,360	33,240	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	82.8	71.4	78.0	82.8	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	65.6	57.4	62.0	65.6	57.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0	17.1	28.5	22.0	17.1	28.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.7	4.7	4.0	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.4	4.6	3.9	3.4	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,855	42,455	43,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,590	720	875	1.9	1.7	2.0
With total income	84,260	41,730	42,525	98.1	98.3	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,410	1,985	3,425	6.4	4.8	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,925	4,045	6,885	13.0	9.7	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,080	5,580	8,495	16.7	13.4	20.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,190	4,935	6,255	13.3	11.8	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,135	5,650	5,480	13.2	13.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,285	5,305	3,985	11.0	12.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,395	3,900	2,495	7.6	9.3	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,065	2,510	1,555	4.8	6.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	1,895	1,390	3.9	4.5	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,115	1,285	835	2.5	3.1	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,370	4,640	1,735	7.6	11.1	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	4,735	3,475	1,255	5.6	8.3	3.0
$150,000 and over	1,640	1,160	480	1.9	2.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,855	42,455	43,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,575	715	860	1.8	1.7	2.0
With after-tax income	84,275	41,740	42,535	98.2	98.3	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,025	2,085	3,950	7.1	5.0	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,330	4,285	7,045	13.4	10.3	16.6
$20,000 to $29,999	16,625	6,705	9,920	19.7	16.1	23.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,235	6,830	7,405	16.9	16.4	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,030	7,300	5,730	15.5	17.5	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,660	5,340	3,325	10.3	12.8	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,225	3,020	2,210	6.2	7.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,335	2,010	1,320	4.0	4.8	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,170	1,535	635	2.6	3.7	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	980	325	1.6	2.3	0.8
$100,000 and over	2,325	1,655	675	2.8	4.0	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,325	975	355	1.6	2.3	0.8
$125,000 and over	1,000	675	320	1.2	1.6	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,855	42,455	43,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,760	10,730	17,030	32.3	25.3	39.2
With employment income	58,090	31,725	26,365	67.7	74.7	60.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,770	5,350	3,415	15.1	16.9	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,310	1,940	2,365	7.4	6.1	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,980	2,995	3,980	12.0	9.4	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,270	2,805	3,465	10.8	8.8	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,110	3,040	3,075	10.5	9.6	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,985	3,100	2,885	10.3	9.8	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,535	2,590	1,945	7.8	8.2	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,600	2,275	1,325	6.2	7.2	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,555	1,585	970	4.4	5.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,320	1,175	4.3	4.2	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,520	1,005	515	2.6	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,965	3,715	1,250	8.5	11.7	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,615	1,975	640	4.5	6.2	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,350	1,745	610	4.0	5.5	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,850	42,455	43,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,145	41,170	41,975	96.8	97.0	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	30,400	38,000	46,400	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,265	41,170	42,095	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,000	27,600	33,600	40,000	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,490	37,825	35,660	85.6	89.1	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	41,600	26,800	34,000	41,600	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,545	31,765	26,780	68.2	74.8	61.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	29,600	34,800	40,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,005	30,610	35,395	76.9	72.1	81.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,500	10,000	9,200	8,500	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,695	5,850	4,845	12.5	13.8	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,960	4,520	4,720	4,960	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,945	42,480	43,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,130	41,050	42,080	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	54,500	38,200	46,240	54,500	38,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,260	41,055	42,205	96.9	96.6	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	44,120	32,480	38,200	44,120	32,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,460	37,695	35,770	85.5	88.7	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	51,750	34,400	43,320	51,750	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,600	31,795	26,805	68.2	74.8	61.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	48,800	37,200	43,480	48,800	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,010	30,455	35,555	76.8	71.7	81.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,050	9,380	10,620	10,050	9,380	10,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,705	5,825	4,875	12.5	13.7	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,570	5,935	7,340	6,570	5,935	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,940	42,485	43,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,750	14,825	11,925	31.1	34.9	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	60,400	46,400	53,600	60,400	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,100	70,300	54,100	63,100	70,300	54,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,755	10,725	11,030	25.3	25.2	25.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	28,200	20,200	23,400	28,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	38,560	26,400	32,400	38,560	26,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.2	76.6	82.8	87.2	76.6
Employment income (%)	66.2	69.4	62.0	66.2	69.4	62.0
Government transfers (%)	17.2	12.8	23.5	17.2	12.8	23.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.6	2.2	1.8	1.6	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...	31,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,320	...	...	41,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,360	...	...	35,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	360	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	930	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,410	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,700	...	...	7.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,070	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,040	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,540	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,495	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,415	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,265	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,980	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,605	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,100	...	...	28.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,940	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,245	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,505	...	...	7.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,415	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	955	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,945	...	...	8.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,590	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,625	...	...	5.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,155	...	...	6.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,090	...	...	6.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,550	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,940	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,325	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,640	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,285	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,685	...	...	19.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,315	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,565	...	...	5.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,805	...	...	5.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,310	11,140	11,170	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	38,400	30,200	34,000	38,400	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	34,000	28,400	30,800	34,000	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,900	...	...	89,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	151,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,375	10,985	11,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,080	43,760	36,520	40,080	43,760	36,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,440	36,760	32,200	34,440	36,760	32,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,855	50,145	50,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,840	9,140	8,700	17.7	18.2	17.2
0 to 5 years	5,605	2,910	2,695	5.6	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	58,725	29,775	28,945	58.2	59.4	57.1
65 years and over	24,290	11,230	13,065	24.1	22.4	25.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,990	5,745	7,250	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,475	755	725	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	445	240	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,480	3,270	3,210	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,040	1,725	3,320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.9	11.5	14.3	12.9	11.5	14.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.2	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.2	7.7	8.0	8.2	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	11.0	11.1	11.0	11.0	11.1
65 years and over (%)	20.7	15.3	25.4	20.7	15.3	25.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,850	50,140	50,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,840	9,135	8,700	17.7	18.2	17.2
0 to 5 years	5,610	2,910	2,700	5.6	5.8	5.3
18 to 64 years	58,720	29,775	28,950	58.2	59.4	57.1
65 years and over	24,290	11,230	13,060	24.1	22.4	25.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,745	2,505	2,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	405	215	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	55	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,860	2,125	1,735	...	...	...
65 years and over	480	160	315	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	5.0	4.4	4.7	5.0	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	7.1	6.0	6.6	7.1	6.0
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.5	2.4	2.0	1.5	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,855	50,145	50,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	58,540	28,270	30,265	58.0	56.4	59.7
In bottom decile	11,160	5,055	6,110	11.1	10.1	12.0
In second decile	11,525	5,340	6,190	11.4	10.6	12.2
In third decile	11,620	5,615	6,000	11.5	11.2	11.8
In fourth decile	12,805	6,425	6,385	12.7	12.8	12.6
In fifth decile	11,420	5,830	5,585	11.3	11.6	11.0
In top half of the distribution	42,320	21,870	20,440	42.0	43.6	40.3
In sixth decile	10,940	5,590	5,355	10.8	11.1	10.6
In seventh decile	10,025	5,115	4,910	9.9	10.2	9.7
In eighth decile	9,065	4,700	4,365	9.0	9.4	8.6
In ninth decile	7,155	3,795	3,360	7.1	7.6	6.6
In top decile	5,125	2,675	2,445	5.1	5.3	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,850	...	...	100,850	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	102,755	50,655	52,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	76,555	35,230	41,320	74.5	69.5	79.3
English and French	25,925	15,280	10,650	25.2	30.2	20.4
Neither English nor French	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	102,755	50,655	52,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	865	445	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	101,510	49,995	51,515	98.8	98.7	98.9
English and French	300	170	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	102,755	50,655	52,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,055	50,290	51,760	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	100,665	49,545	51,115	98.0	97.8	98.1
English	755	395	360	0.7	0.8	0.7
French	99,905	49,150	50,755	97.2	97.0	97.4
Non-official languages	1,390	750	645	1.4	1.5	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,270	690	580	1.2	1.4	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	215	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	200	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	310	195	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	610	300	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	705	360	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	435	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	102,755	50,655	52,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	315	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	98,835	48,415	50,420	96.2	95.6	96.8
Non-official language	330	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	2,160	1,285	875	2.1	2.5	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	795	420	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	255	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	102,755	50,655	52,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,170	50,325	51,845	99.4	99.3	99.5
Official languages	101,540	49,980	51,565	98.8	98.7	99.0
English	525	280	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
French	101,010	49,695	51,315	98.3	98.1	98.5
Non-official languages	630	350	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	570	325	250	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	320	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	590	325	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	335	195	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	102,755	50,655	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	100,000	49,045	50,955	97.3	96.8	97.8
English	1,710	1,040	670	1.7	2.1	1.3
French	375	200	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	430	240	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	395	220	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,045	50,285	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,965	50,255	50,720	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	26,130	15,485	10,645	25.9	30.8	21.0
French	100,775	50,140	50,640	99.7	99.7	99.8
Non-official languages	3,905	1,935	1,970	3.9	3.8	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,710	1,845	1,870	3.7	3.7	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	290	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	280	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	455	270	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Merina	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,590	1,190	1,400	2.6	2.4	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	200	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,225	1,000	1,230	2.2	2.0	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,060	920	1,145	2.0	1.8	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	290	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,045	50,285	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,810	1,830	1,975	3.8	3.6	3.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,555	1,715	1,845	3.5	3.4	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,750	795	960	1.7	1.6	1.9
Métis	1,745	905	845	1.7	1.8	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	97,235	48,450	48,780	96.2	96.4	96.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,045	50,285	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,320	665	655	1.3	1.3	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,725	49,615	50,105	98.7	98.7	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	28,745	...	...	58.0	...	...
Renter	20,850	...	...	42.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,905	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not condominium	43,685	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	6,990	...	...	14.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,415	...	...	31.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,540	...	...	31.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,470	...	...	23.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,135	...	...	34.6	...	...
5 rooms	7,920	...	...	16.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,265	...	...	10.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,350	...	...	10.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,920	...	...	28.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,515	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,145	...	...	99.1	...	...
Not suitable	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,880	...	...	28.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,940	...	...	34.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,815	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,635	...	...	9.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,430	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,825	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,435	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,625	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,245	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,345	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	29,845	...	...	60.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,095	...	...	38.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	650	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,140	...	...	4.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,605	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,585	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,605	...	...	13.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,040	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,500	...	...	19.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,445	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,680	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,670	...	...	86.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,770	...	...	13.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,210	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,135	...	...	18.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,405	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not suitable only	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,955	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,460	...	...	81.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,525	...	...	3.1	...	...
Not in core need	47,355	...	...	96.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.2	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,048	...	...	1,048	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	212,000	...	...	212,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	234,000	...	...	234,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	636	...	...	636	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	696	...	...	696	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,045	50,280	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,650	1,750	1,905	3.6	3.5	3.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,605	1,725	1,880	3.6	3.4	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,650	1,300	1,350	2.6	2.6	2.7
Métis single ancestry	880	405	475	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	75	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,785	1,340	1,445	2.8	2.7	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,745	1,325	1,415	2.7	2.6	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,350	1,140	1,215	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	94,610	47,195	47,415	93.6	93.9	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,040	50,280	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,000	49,115	49,885	98.0	97.7	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,685	9,250	8,435	17.5	18.4	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,315	39,865	41,455	80.5	79.3	81.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,045	1,170	870	2.0	2.3	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,040	50,280	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,885	48,555	49,335	96.9	96.6	97.2
Immigrants⁸¹	1,605	810	790	1.6	1.6	1.6
Before 1980	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
1980 to 1990	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	440	235	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	650	320	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
2011 to 2015	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	385	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,555	920	635	1.5	1.8	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,600	810	795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	220	105	120	13.8	13.0	15.1
5 to 14 years	270	130	140	16.9	16.0	17.6
15 to 24 years	230	110	125	14.4	13.6	15.7
25 to 44 years	795	435	365	49.7	53.7	45.9
45 years and over	85	35	50	5.3	4.3	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,600	810	795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	150	175	20.3	18.5	22.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.9
Colombia	55	25	35	3.4	3.1	4.4
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	10	25	2.5	1.2	3.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	15	15	1.6	1.9	1.9
Peru	25	0	15	1.6	0.0	1.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	25	15	2.2	3.1	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	50	6.9	7.4	6.3
Europe	580	330	255	36.3	40.7	32.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	360	210	140	22.5	25.9	17.6
Germany	30	25	10	1.9	3.1	1.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	0	1.6	1.9	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	20	10	1.9	2.5	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	65	35	30	4.1	4.3	3.8
Africa	505	255	250	31.6	31.5	31.4
Algeria	60	30	25	3.8	3.7	3.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	1.3	1.2	1.3
Egypt	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	55	40	10	3.4	4.9	1.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	355	155	195	22.2	19.1	24.5
Asia	190	75	120	11.9	9.3	15.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	1.3	1.2	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	15	40	3.8	1.9	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.9
Viet Nam	20	15	0	1.3	1.9	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	25	1.9	1.2	3.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	385	190	190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	25	25	11.7	13.2	13.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	2.6	5.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	6.5	7.9	7.9
Europe	135	85	50	35.1	44.7	26.3
France	125	75	50	32.5	39.5	26.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	140	60	75	36.4	31.6	39.5
Algeria	15	0	10	3.9	0.0	5.3
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	15	25	10.4	7.9	13.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	2.6	0.0	5.3
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	15	0	3.9	7.9	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	15	0	5.2	7.9	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	9.1	5.3	13.2
Asia	65	20	45	16.9	10.5	23.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	2.6	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	2.6	0.0	5.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,045	50,285	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,465	1,875	1,595	3.4	3.7	3.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,705	855	850	1.7	1.7	1.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	95,870	47,555	48,315	94.9	94.6	95.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,395	695	705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	805	475	325	57.7	68.3	46.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	440	315	125	31.5	45.3	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	365	165	205	26.2	23.7	29.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	475	155	315	34.1	22.3	44.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	115	60	55	8.2	8.6	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,395	695	705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	20	0	1.8	2.9	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	135	70	70	9.7	10.1	9.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	25	55	5.7	3.6	7.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	215	165	55	15.4	23.7	7.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	925	420	505	66.3	60.4	71.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,045	50,285	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,510	1,260	1,250	2.5	2.5	2.5
South Asian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	185	50	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black	1,150	575	570	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	415	270	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	365	170	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,535	49,025	49,510	97.5	97.5	97.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,040	50,280	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	41,890	20,515	21,380	41.5	40.8	42.1
English	725	375	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Irish	2,615	1,300	1,315	2.6	2.6	2.6
Scottish	1,730	805	920	1.7	1.6	1.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,575	10,535	10,035	20.4	21.0	19.8
German	620	325	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese	190	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	580	325	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indian (India)	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	16,080	8,130	7,950	15.9	16.2	15.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French Canadian	10,445	5,065	5,385	10.3	10.1	10.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,875	1,475	1,400	2.8	2.9	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,420	1,180	1,240	2.4	2.3	2.4
Métis	1,345	620	720	1.3	1.2	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,165	610	555	1.2	1.2	1.1
Russian	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	325	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Acadian	1,230	570	655	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	210	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	145	105	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,360	655	705	1.3	1.3	1.4
Danish	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	680	385	300	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	255	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	945	445	500	0.9	0.9	1.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Norman	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Beninese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,045	50,285	50,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	78,405	37,770	40,640	77.6	75.1	80.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,325	2,670	2,650	5.3	5.3	5.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	72,170	34,645	37,525	71.4	68.9	73.9
Christian Orthodox	75	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	125	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	710	425	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	21,555	11,905	9,650	21.3	23.7	19.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,125	49,740	50,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	88,445	43,920	44,530	88.3	88.3	88.4
Movers	11,675	5,820	5,855	11.7	11.7	11.6
Non-migrants	8,900	4,400	4,495	8.9	8.8	8.9
Migrants	2,775	1,415	1,365	2.8	2.8	2.7
Internal migrants	2,330	1,165	1,170	2.3	2.3	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,085	1,020	1,060	2.1	2.1	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	250	140	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	445	255	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,325	47,765	48,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,645	31,045	31,600	65.0	65.0	65.1
Movers	33,680	16,725	16,955	35.0	35.0	34.9
Non-migrants	22,170	10,800	11,375	23.0	22.6	23.4
Migrants	11,505	5,925	5,580	11.9	12.4	11.5
Internal migrants	9,895	5,005	4,890	10.3	10.5	10.1
Intraprovincial migrants	9,285	4,670	4,615	9.6	9.8	9.5
Interprovincial migrants	615	335	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
External migrants	1,605	920	690	1.7	1.9	1.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,940	42,485	43,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,605	8,110	7,495	18.2	19.1	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,340	34,375	35,965	81.8	80.9	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,055	25,550	25,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,340	3,600	2,740	12.4	14.1	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,715	21,950	22,765	87.6	85.9	89.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,945	42,485	43,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,310	6,465	6,845	15.5	15.2	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,120	8,245	8,875	19.9	19.4	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,515	27,780	27,735	64.6	65.4	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,280	20,270	19,005	45.7	47.7	43.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,775	11,190	7,585	21.8	26.3	17.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,245	7,690	6,555	16.6	18.1	15.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,525	3,500	1,030	5.3	8.2	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,195	7,705	9,490	20.0	18.1	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,320	1,380	1,935	3.9	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,230	7,505	8,725	18.9	17.7	20.1
Bachelor's degree	10,805	4,880	5,935	12.6	11.5	13.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,280	610	670	1.5	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	225	290	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	3,015	1,415	1,600	3.5	3.3	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	610	370	240	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,060	25,555	25,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,720	2,475	2,245	9.2	9.7	8.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,105	3,690	3,410	13.9	14.4	13.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,235	19,385	19,850	76.8	75.9	77.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,965	14,000	12,970	52.8	54.8	50.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,525	7,970	5,555	26.5	31.2	21.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,415	5,475	4,940	20.4	21.4	19.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,115	2,495	620	6.1	9.8	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,440	5,200	6,240	22.4	20.3	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,005	835	1,170	3.9	3.3	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,265	5,385	6,880	24.0	21.1	27.0
Bachelor's degree	8,000	3,495	4,505	15.7	13.7	17.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	360	550	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	160	265	0.8	0.6	1.0
Master's degree	2,455	1,100	1,350	4.8	4.3	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	260	210	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,945	42,485	43,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,430	14,705	15,725	35.4	34.6	36.2
Education	4,520	1,220	3,305	5.3	2.9	7.6
13. Education	4,520	1,220	3,305	5.3	2.9	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,145	515	630	1.3	1.2	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	970	405	565	1.1	1.0	1.3
Humanities	2,560	1,130	1,425	3.0	2.7	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	55	190	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,395	625	770	1.6	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	135	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	200	125	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	325	110	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,660	940	2,720	4.3	2.2	6.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	170	325	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,190	60	1,135	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	520	185	335	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	745	155	590	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	580	345	240	0.7	0.8	0.6
Business, management and public administration	12,645	3,985	8,660	14.7	9.4	19.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,195	240	955	1.4	0.6	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,440	3,745	7,695	13.3	8.8	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,660	935	725	1.9	2.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	400	145	255	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	410	215	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
40. Physical sciences	475	320	155	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	140	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,760	1,290	470	2.0	3.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,370	1,120	255	1.6	2.6	0.6
25. Library science	220	45	165	0.3	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,535	13,260	1,275	16.9	31.2	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	415	230	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	2,050	1,740	310	2.4	4.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,390	2,985	400	3.9	7.0	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,320	3,205	115	3.9	7.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,985	2,840	140	3.5	6.7	0.3
48. Precision production	2,380	2,250	130	2.8	5.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	795	310	1.3	1.9	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	790	635	150	0.9	1.5	0.3
Health and related fields	7,530	1,445	6,090	8.8	3.4	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	310	195	0.6	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,770	1,030	5,745	7.9	2.4	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,375	2,255	2,120	5.1	5.3	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,515	650	1,865	2.9	1.5	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	780	605	170	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,045	965	80	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,055	25,555	25,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,820	6,170	5,660	23.2	24.1	22.2
Education	2,725	620	2,100	5.3	2.4	8.2
13. Education	2,725	620	2,100	5.3	2.4	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	815	390	430	1.6	1.5	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	715	320	400	1.4	1.3	1.6
Humanities	1,445	645	800	2.8	2.5	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	40	140	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	350	410	1.5	1.4	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	215	65	150	0.4	0.3	0.6
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,750	665	2,090	5.4	2.6	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	110	200	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	45	895	1.8	0.2	3.5
22. Legal professions and studies	390	120	270	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	575	110	465	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	430	250	180	0.8	1.0	0.7
Business, management and public administration	8,910	2,685	6,220	17.5	10.5	24.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	175	720	1.8	0.7	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,005	2,510	5,490	15.7	9.8	21.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	955	570	390	1.9	2.2	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	115	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	360	240	120	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,350	1,015	330	2.6	4.0	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,130	940	195	2.2	3.7	0.8
25. Library science	115	15	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,595	9,480	1,110	20.8	37.1	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	320	165	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
14. Engineering	1,655	1,390	265	3.2	5.4	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,495	2,135	355	4.9	8.4	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,370	2,265	105	4.6	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,075	1,975	105	4.1	7.7	0.4
48. Precision production	1,670	1,550	120	3.3	6.1	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	815	550	260	1.6	2.2	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	225	95	135	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	460	120	1.1	1.8	0.5
Health and related fields	5,425	1,035	4,385	10.6	4.1	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	365	235	125	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,840	720	4,120	9.5	2.8	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	75	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,440	1,720	1,715	6.7	6.7	6.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,965	460	1,505	3.8	1.8	5.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	615	475	145	1.2	1.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	815	750	65	1.6	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,055	25,555	25,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,820	6,170	5,660	23.2	24.1	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,230	19,385	19,845	76.8	75.9	77.8
Location of study inside Canada	38,265	18,855	19,410	74.9	73.8	76.1
Same as province or territory of residence	37,805	18,570	19,240	74.0	72.7	75.4
Different than province or territory of residence	460	290	170	0.9	1.1	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	965	530	440	1.9	2.1	1.7
Americas	205	90	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexico	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	35	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	335	205	130	0.7	0.8	0.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	240	155	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
Germany	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	315	175	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	80	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	160	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,945	42,485	43,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	50,720	26,705	24,010	...	...	...
Employed	47,785	25,050	22,735	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,930	1,660	1,280	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,225	15,775	19,450	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.0	62.9	55.2	59.0	62.9	55.2
Employment rate	55.6	59.0	52.3	55.6	59.0	52.3
Unemployment rate	5.8	6.2	5.3	5.8	6.2	5.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,945	42,485	43,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,785	15,515	19,265	40.5	36.5	44.3
Worked	51,160	26,970	24,195	59.5	63.5	55.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,365	15,160	12,205	31.8	35.7	28.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,790	11,805	11,990	27.7	27.8	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.2	41.5	41.9	42.2	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,715	26,710	24,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,050	515	535	2.1	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,665	26,190	23,480	97.9	98.1	97.8
Employee	45,560	24,020	21,540	89.8	89.9	89.7
Permanent position	36,350	19,445	16,905	71.7	72.8	70.4
Temporary position	9,205	4,575	4,635	18.2	17.1	19.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,210	1,535	1,675	6.3	5.7	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,995	3,040	2,955	11.8	11.4	12.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,110	2,170	1,935	8.1	8.1	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,715	26,710	24,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,050	515	535	2.1	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,665	26,190	23,480	97.9	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	630	450	175	1.2	1.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,875	2,460	5,415	15.5	9.2	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,185	3,415	770	8.3	12.8	3.2
3 Health occupations	4,965	930	4,030	9.8	3.5	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,825	2,235	4,585	13.5	8.4	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,085	540	545	2.1	2.0	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	13,370	6,285	7,080	26.4	23.5	29.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,025	7,520	505	15.8	28.2	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	475	440	40	0.9	1.6	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,245	1,925	325	4.4	7.2	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,715	26,710	24,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,050	515	535	2.1	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	49,665	26,190	23,480	97.9	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	290	245	45	0.6	0.9	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	505	445	55	1.0	1.7	0.2
22 Utilities	555	455	100	1.1	1.7	0.4
23 Construction	3,225	2,760	465	6.4	10.3	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	4,865	3,940	925	9.6	14.8	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,215	975	240	2.4	3.7	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,625	3,115	3,510	13.1	11.7	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,595	1,310	280	3.1	4.9	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	715	440	275	1.4	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,155	365	785	2.3	1.4	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	605	345	260	1.2	1.3	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,290	2,040	1,250	6.5	7.6	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,260	1,480	775	4.5	5.5	3.2
61 Educational services	4,310	1,505	2,805	8.5	5.6	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,460	1,665	6,800	16.7	6.2	28.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	665	365	300	1.3	1.4	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,085	1,490	1,595	6.1	5.6	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,500	1,225	1,280	4.9	4.6	5.3
91 Public administration	3,695	1,995	1,700	7.3	7.5	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,235	28,600	25,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	330	190	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
French	49,100	25,145	23,950	90.5	87.9	93.4
Non-official language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	4,700	3,215	1,485	8.7	11.2	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,235	28,600	25,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,760	28,295	25,470	99.1	98.9	99.4
Official languages	53,735	28,285	25,450	99.1	98.9	99.3
English	890	580	310	1.6	2.0	1.2
French	52,840	27,710	25,135	97.4	96.9	98.0
Non-official languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	475	305	170	0.9	1.1	0.7
English and French	455	300	155	0.8	1.0	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,235	28,600	25,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,910	25,645	24,270	92.0	89.7	94.7
English	3,700	2,545	1,160	6.8	8.9	4.5
French	565	390	175	1.0	1.4	0.7
Non-official language	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,780	25,050	22,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,650	3,205	3,445	13.9	12.8	15.2
Worked outside Canada	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,395	3,250	1,140	9.2	13.0	5.0
Usual place of work	36,715	18,580	18,130	76.8	74.2	79.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,715	18,580	18,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	34,190	16,860	17,335	93.1	90.7	95.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	740	475	270	2.0	2.6	1.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,725	1,205	520	4.7	6.5	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	55	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,105	21,830	19,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,345	19,850	17,495	90.9	90.9	90.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,535	18,910	16,625	86.4	86.6	86.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,810	940	870	4.4	4.3	4.5
Public transit	1,045	545	490	2.5	2.5	2.5
Walked	1,785	800	985	4.3	3.7	5.1
Bicycle	185	150	40	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	745	485	260	1.8	2.2	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,105	21,830	19,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,775	10,460	11,315	53.0	47.9	58.7
15 to 29 minutes	14,895	8,395	6,505	36.2	38.5	33.7
30 to 44 minutes	2,840	1,790	1,055	6.9	8.2	5.5
45 to 59 minutes	835	580	260	2.0	2.7	1.3
60 minutes and over	745	610	140	1.8	2.8	0.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,105	21,830	19,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,160	1,780	385	5.3	8.2	2.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,825	5,025	1,800	16.6	23.0	9.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,890	7,640	8,250	38.7	35.0	42.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,490	3,085	4,400	18.2	14.1	22.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,825	1,130	1,690	6.9	5.2	8.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,915	3,165	2,745	14.4	14.5	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,190	9,305	8,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,525	765	760	8.4	8.2	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,665	8,540	8,120	91.6	91.8	91.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,230	6,720	6,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,170	575	600	8.8	8.6	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	840	395	445	6.3	5.9	6.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	330	175	155	2.5	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,065	6,150	5,910	91.2	91.5	90.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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