Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ChâteauguayMore information: Quebec [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	75,891	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,164	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	30,928	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	30,221	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,503.4	...	...	1,503.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	50.48	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	75,890	37,240	38,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,285	7,355	6,930	18.8	19.8	17.9
0 to 4 years	4,260	2,185	2,075	5.6	5.9	5.4
5 to 9 years	4,965	2,545	2,420	6.5	6.8	6.3
10 to 14 years	5,065	2,625	2,435	6.7	7.0	6.3
15 to 64 years	47,360	23,455	23,900	62.4	63.0	61.8
15 to 19 years	4,445	2,290	2,155	5.9	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	3,825	2,005	1,820	5.0	5.4	4.7
25 to 29 years	3,940	2,000	1,940	5.2	5.4	5.0
30 to 34 years	4,300	2,035	2,265	5.7	5.5	5.9
35 to 39 years	4,890	2,385	2,500	6.4	6.4	6.5
40 to 44 years	5,385	2,565	2,815	7.1	6.9	7.3
45 to 49 years	4,825	2,390	2,430	6.4	6.4	6.3
50 to 54 years	4,805	2,370	2,440	6.3	6.4	6.3
55 to 59 years	5,515	2,745	2,770	7.3	7.4	7.2
60 to 64 years	5,415	2,665	2,755	7.1	7.2	7.1
65 years and over	14,245	6,430	7,815	18.8	17.3	20.2
65 to 69 years	4,220	2,005	2,225	5.6	5.4	5.8
70 to 74 years	3,610	1,690	1,925	4.8	4.5	5.0
75 to 79 years	2,675	1,210	1,465	3.5	3.2	3.8
80 to 84 years	1,970	820	1,150	2.6	2.2	3.0
85 years and over	1,770	710	1,060	2.3	1.9	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,215	500	715	1.6	1.3	1.9
90 to 94 years	475	200	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.8	17.9	18.8	19.8	17.9
15 to 64 years	62.4	63.0	61.8	62.4	63.0	61.8
65 years and over	18.8	17.3	20.2	18.8	17.3	20.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.7	2.3	1.9	2.7
Average age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.4	41.5	40.4	42.4
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	42.8	42.0	40.8	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,835	...	...	62.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,680	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	465	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,510	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,470	...	...	24.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,430	...	...	27.9	...	...
2 persons	10,025	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	4,670	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 persons	4,375	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,725	...	...	9.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	74,985	36,855	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	61,605	29,885	31,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,725	17,825	17,900	58.0	59.6	56.4
Married	22,620	11,280	11,340	36.7	37.7	35.8
Living common-law	13,105	6,550	6,560	21.3	21.9	20.7
Living common law - Never married	10,410	5,160	5,250	16.9	17.3	16.6
Living common law - Separated	145	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	2,295	1,190	1,100	3.7	4.0	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	255	115	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	25,875	12,060	13,820	42.0	40.4	43.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,330	9,325	8,010	28.1	31.2	25.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	925	385	540	1.5	1.3	1.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,995	1,480	2,515	6.5	5.0	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,620	870	2,750	5.9	2.9	8.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,395	...	...	48.5	...	...
3 persons	4,610	...	...	21.5	...	...
4 persons	4,245	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,180	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,605	...	...	82.2	...	...
Married couples	11,050	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,750	...	...	26.8	...	...
Without children	5,300	...	...	24.7	...	...
Common-law couples	6,550	...	...	30.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,635	...	...	17.0	...	...
Without children	2,915	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,825	...	...	17.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,875	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	74,985	36,855	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,295	31,505	31,795	84.4	85.5	83.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,205	17,585	17,620	46.9	47.7	46.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,830	950	2,875	5.1	2.6	7.5
Children⁶	24,260	12,965	11,295	32.4	35.2	29.6
In a two-parent family	18,095	9,590	8,510	24.1	26.0	22.3
In a one-parent family	6,165	3,380	2,785	8.2	9.2	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,690	5,350	6,335	15.6	14.5	16.6
Living alone	8,430	3,730	4,695	11.2	10.1	12.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,685	705	985	2.2	1.9	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,575	920	660	2.1	2.5	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,360	...	...	64.1	...	...
Couple-family households	16,230	...	...	53.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,630	...	...	28.6	...	...
Without children	7,600	...	...	25.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,130	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	715	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	830	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	775	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	8,430	...	...	27.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	60,705	29,500	31,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,775	28,575	30,200	96.8	96.9	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,600	37,200	41,200	45,600	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,790	28,585	30,205	96.8	96.9	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,600	33,600	36,800	39,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,430	26,105	26,320	86.4	88.5	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	27,400	33,600	40,400	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,705	21,980	20,725	70.3	74.5	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,800	32,000	37,600	42,800	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,845	22,310	26,530	80.5	75.6	85.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	10,100	13,000	11,900	10,100	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,260	3,705	3,555	12.0	12.6	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,680	5,480	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,885	8,710	8,170	27.8	29.5	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,000	8,000	7,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	60,720	29,495	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,790	28,565	30,225	96.8	96.8	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,320	53,600	43,360	48,320	53,600	43,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,805	28,570	30,235	96.8	96.9	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,320	43,600	37,280	40,320	43,600	37,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,445	25,975	26,465	86.4	88.1	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,200	49,120	35,400	42,200	49,120	35,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,690	21,965	20,720	70.3	74.5	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	49,000	38,280	43,800	49,000	38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,930	22,290	26,640	80.6	75.6	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,840	11,470	14,000	12,840	11,470	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,350	3,805	3,550	12.1	12.9	11.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,810	8,080	6,910	5,810	8,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,790	8,780	8,010	27.7	29.8	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,320	8,030	8,650	8,320	8,030	8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	60,725	29,495	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,020	11,215	9,805	34.6	38.0	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	63,600	52,800	58,000	63,600	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	71,000	58,250	65,000	71,000	58,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,680	8,075	8,610	27.5	27.4	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	21,800	16,200	18,400	21,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,720	31,160	22,560	26,720	31,160	22,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8	83.4	71.6	77.8	83.4	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	70.4	60.5	65.8	70.4	60.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.1	16.7	28.5	22.1	16.7	28.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.8	1.4	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	5.1	6.4	5.7	5.1	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.6	5.3	4.9	4.6	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	60,705	29,505	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,925	925	1,000	3.2	3.1	3.2
With total income	58,780	28,580	30,200	96.8	96.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,165	1,860	2,305	7.1	6.5	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	6,880	2,715	4,160	11.7	9.5	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,620	4,075	5,550	16.4	14.3	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,750	3,485	4,265	13.2	12.2	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	7,680	3,715	3,965	13.1	13.0	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,235	3,105	3,125	10.6	10.9	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,720	2,565	2,160	8.0	9.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,565	2,025	1,540	6.1	7.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,640	1,515	1,120	4.5	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680	965	715	2.9	3.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,855	2,550	1,305	6.6	8.9	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,975	1,930	1,045	5.1	6.8	3.5
$150,000 and over	875	620	260	1.5	2.2	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	60,705	29,505	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,910	920	995	3.1	3.1	3.2
With after-tax income	58,795	28,585	30,210	96.9	96.9	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,430	1,930	2,500	7.5	6.8	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,275	2,925	4,350	12.4	10.2	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,195	4,800	6,390	19.0	16.8	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,900	4,805	5,095	16.8	16.8	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,040	4,550	4,495	15.4	15.9	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,575	3,560	3,010	11.2	12.5	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,385	2,400	1,980	7.5	8.4	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545	1,395	1,145	4.3	4.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,415	865	555	2.4	3.0	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	770	495	280	1.3	1.7	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,260	850	410	2.1	3.0	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	730	495	240	1.2	1.7	0.8
$125,000 and over	525	360	165	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	60,705	29,505	31,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	18,000	7,525	10,475	29.7	25.5	33.6
With employment income	42,705	21,980	20,725	70.3	74.5	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,725	2,965	2,760	13.4	13.5	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	3,330	1,445	1,885	7.8	6.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,035	2,140	2,900	11.8	9.7	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,080	1,760	2,320	9.6	8.0	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,250	2,000	2,255	10.0	9.1	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,545	2,215	2,330	10.6	10.1	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,815	2,060	1,760	8.9	9.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,205	1,900	1,305	7.5	8.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,515	1,520	990	5.9	6.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,030	1,185	850	4.8	5.4	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	740	465	2.8	3.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	2,965	2,055	910	6.9	9.3	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,695	1,155	545	4.0	5.3	2.6
$125,000 and over	1,270	900	370	3.0	4.1	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	60,705	29,500	31,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,530	27,905	29,625	94.8	94.6	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	34,400	39,200	44,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,550	27,905	29,645	94.8	94.6	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,200	34,800	38,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,690	25,750	25,940	85.1	87.3	83.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,600	29,000	34,800	41,600	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,700	21,925	20,775	70.3	74.3	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	32,800	38,000	43,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,240	19,650	24,580	72.9	66.6	78.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	5,720	10,100	8,500	5,720	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,535	3,415	3,120	10.8	11.6	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,240	5,040	4,560	4,240	5,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	60,720	29,495	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,605	27,950	29,660	94.9	94.8	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	51,650	40,360	45,840	51,650	40,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,625	27,950	29,670	94.9	94.8	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	41,920	34,600	38,160	41,920	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,815	25,685	26,130	85.3	87.1	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	49,680	35,320	42,440	49,680	35,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,940	21,990	20,950	70.7	74.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	49,520	37,520	43,680	49,520	37,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,435	19,800	24,635	73.2	67.1	78.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,930	8,440	11,140	9,930	8,440	11,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,535	3,560	2,970	10.8	12.1	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	5,510	8,350	6,800	5,510	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	60,725	29,495	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,955	11,195	9,765	34.5	38.0	31.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	60,800	47,600	53,600	60,800	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	67,300	53,550	60,900	67,300	53,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,770	7,670	8,105	26.0	26.0	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,400	22,200	24,600	29,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	37,640	26,640	32,000	37,640	26,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	88.4	77.0	83.2	88.4	77.0
Employment income (%)	71.0	75.4	65.6	71.0	75.4	65.6
Government transfers (%)	16.7	11.6	22.9	16.7	11.6	22.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.4	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...	78,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,480	...	...	38,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,800	...	...	93,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	500	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,440	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,070	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	920	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,170	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,325	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,270	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,350	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,265	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,105	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,030	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,355	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,935	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,820	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,970	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,635	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	330	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	540	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,550	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,275	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,135	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,515	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,535	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,445	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,870	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,710	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,470	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,285	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,205	...	...	27.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,855	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,245	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,100	...	...	6.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	21,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,005	4,650	5,355	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,600	34,400	37,600	41,600	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,400	31,400	33,600	36,400	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	21,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,635	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...	78,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,400	...	...	139,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	115,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,920	4,525	5,395	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,080	49,480	41,400	45,080	49,480	41,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960	40,200	36,080	37,960	40,200	36,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	74,985	36,855	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,035	8,765	8,270	22.7	23.8	21.7
0 to 5 years	5,210	2,650	2,560	6.9	7.2	6.7
18 to 64 years	44,490	21,975	22,520	59.3	59.6	59.1
65 years and over	13,460	6,115	7,345	18.0	16.6	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,800	2,975	3,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,425	745	680	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	490	250	240	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,245	1,500	1,750	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,130	730	1,400	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.1	8.1	10.0	9.1	8.1	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.5	8.2	8.4	8.5	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.3	6.8	7.8	7.3	6.8	7.8
65 years and over (%)	15.8	11.9	19.1	15.8	11.9	19.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	74,985	36,855	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,030	8,770	8,265	22.7	23.8	21.7
0 to 5 years	5,205	2,650	2,555	6.9	7.2	6.7
18 to 64 years	44,495	21,970	22,520	59.3	59.6	59.1
65 years and over	13,460	6,115	7,345	18.0	16.6	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,105	1,020	1,080	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	365	190	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	60	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,500	725	770	...	...	...
65 years and over	240	105	135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	74,985	36,855	38,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,695	19,935	21,760	55.6	54.1	57.1
In bottom decile	5,545	2,465	3,075	7.4	6.7	8.1
In second decile	7,640	3,470	4,170	10.2	9.4	10.9
In third decile	8,930	4,315	4,615	11.9	11.7	12.1
In fourth decile	9,635	4,760	4,875	12.8	12.9	12.8
In fifth decile	9,940	4,925	5,015	13.3	13.4	13.2
In top half of the distribution	33,290	16,920	16,375	44.4	45.9	42.9
In sixth decile	9,145	4,650	4,495	12.2	12.6	11.8
In seventh decile	8,550	4,280	4,265	11.4	11.6	11.2
In eighth decile	7,150	3,635	3,520	9.5	9.9	9.2
In ninth decile	5,390	2,780	2,615	7.2	7.5	6.9
In top decile	3,060	1,575	1,490	4.1	4.3	3.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	74,985	...	...	74,985	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.407	...	...	0.407	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.238	...	...	0.238	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	75,510	37,085	38,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	6,785	3,375	3,415	9.0	9.1	8.9
French only	26,010	11,925	14,080	34.4	32.2	36.6
English and French	42,250	21,590	20,660	56.0	58.2	53.8
Neither English nor French	465	190	275	0.6	0.5	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	75,510	37,085	38,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,815	8,820	8,995	23.6	23.8	23.4
French	53,645	26,215	27,430	71.0	70.7	71.4
English and French	3,605	1,870	1,735	4.8	5.0	4.5
Neither English nor French	445	180	260	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	75,510	37,085	38,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,990	35,345	36,645	95.3	95.3	95.4
Official languages	62,540	30,655	31,885	82.8	82.7	83.0
English	14,340	7,065	7,275	19.0	19.1	18.9
French	48,200	23,585	24,615	63.8	63.6	64.1
Non-official languages	9,455	4,695	4,760	12.5	12.7	12.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,430	4,685	4,745	12.5	12.6	12.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,510	785	720	2.0	2.1	1.9
Berber languages	350	185	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kabyle	325	175	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,130	585	545	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,090	565	525	1.4	1.5	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	235	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Merina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	345	180	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian Creole	215	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,020	2,995	3,030	8.0	8.1	7.9
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,810	880	930	2.4	2.4	2.4
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,800	880	925	2.4	2.4	2.4
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	1,195	585	610	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	545	280	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	370	185	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,310	1,650	1,660	4.4	4.4	4.3
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	525	270	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	290	135	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	685	345	345	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	1,805	895	910	2.4	2.4	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	575	280	290	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	330	155	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	125	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	125	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,520	1,735	1,785	4.7	4.7	4.6
English and French	2,080	1,050	1,030	2.8	2.8	2.7
English and non-official language(s)	405	200	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	695	325	370	0.9	0.9	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	250	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	75,510	37,085	38,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,765	6,810	6,960	18.2	18.4	18.1
French	45,280	22,210	23,070	60.0	59.9	60.0
Non-official language	2,785	1,355	1,435	3.7	3.7	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,780	1,350	1,430	3.7	3.6	3.7
English and French	6,325	3,105	3,220	8.4	8.4	8.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,360	650	710	1.8	1.8	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	3,260	1,575	1,685	4.3	4.2	4.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,565	1,300	1,265	3.4	3.5	3.3
Multiple non-official languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	75,510	37,085	38,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,810	35,315	36,490	95.1	95.2	95.0
Official languages	66,530	32,730	33,800	88.1	88.3	88.0
English	16,765	8,285	8,480	22.2	22.3	22.1
French	49,765	24,450	25,320	65.9	65.9	65.9
Non-official languages	5,285	2,585	2,700	7.0	7.0	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,275	2,585	2,695	7.0	7.0	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	670	325	345	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	520	250	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	500	245	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,735	1,845	1,895	4.9	5.0	4.9
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,445	730	720	1.9	2.0	1.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,445	725	720	1.9	2.0	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,085	540	550	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	360	175	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	240	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,865	905	955	2.5	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	485	240	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	1,155	570	590	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	260	130	135	0.3	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	215	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,700	1,765	1,940	4.9	4.8	5.0
English and French	1,865	900	965	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	450	210	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	995	470	525	1.3	1.3	1.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	375	175	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	75,510	37,085	38,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,810	31,770	33,035	85.8	85.7	86.0
English	3,285	1,620	1,665	4.4	4.4	4.3
French	3,230	1,580	1,655	4.3	4.3	4.3
Non-official language	2,265	1,120	1,145	3.0	3.0	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,250	1,120	1,130	3.0	3.0	2.9
English and French	635	325	310	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	575	310	270	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	505	255	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	75,060	36,890	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	74,600	36,680	37,925	99.4	99.4	99.3
English	48,905	24,955	23,955	65.2	67.6	62.7
French	67,750	33,215	34,535	90.3	90.0	90.5
Non-official languages	14,695	7,155	7,540	19.6	19.4	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,650	7,145	7,505	19.5	19.4	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,650	1,315	1,335	3.5	3.6	3.5
Berber languages	560	270	290	0.7	0.7	0.8
Kabyle	525	250	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tamazight	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,300	1,140	1,155	3.1	3.1	3.0
Amharic	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	2,060	1,040	1,015	2.7	2.8	2.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	200	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	175	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	115	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	795	380	410	1.1	1.0	1.1
Haitian Creole	510	230	280	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,085	4,430	4,655	12.1	12.0	12.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,335	1,150	1,190	3.1	3.1	3.1
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,325	1,140	1,185	3.1	3.1	3.1
Belarusian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	115	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	1,710	855	855	2.3	2.3	2.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	320	175	150	0.4	0.5	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	390	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	310	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	305	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	835	455	375	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	585	320	260	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	250	135	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	205	120	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,825	2,775	3,050	7.8	7.5	8.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,105	600	505	1.5	1.6	1.3
Portuguese	560	280	280	0.7	0.8	0.7
Romanian	960	430	520	1.3	1.2	1.4
Spanish	3,490	1,615	1,880	4.6	4.4	4.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,205	565	645	1.6	1.5	1.7
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	185	95	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Luba-Kasai	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mòoré	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	485	240	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese languages	485	240	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	410	190	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	75,065	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,970	900	1,075	2.6	2.4	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,815	840	975	2.4	2.3	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,225	580	650	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	555	255	300	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	73,095	35,985	37,100	97.4	97.6	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	75,065	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	835	400	435	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	74,225	36,485	37,740	98.9	98.9	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,745	...	...	71.9	...	...
Renter	8,515	...	...	28.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,680	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not condominium	27,575	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,015	...	...	10.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,710	...	...	25.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,165	...	...	36.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,270	...	...	27.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,710	...	...	25.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,500	...	...	14.9	...	...
6 rooms	4,145	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,615	...	...	15.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,285	...	...	30.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,010	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	250	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	29,435	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	825	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,765	...	...	19.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,860	...	...	32.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,910	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,695	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,450	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,500	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,185	...	...	7.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,885	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	28,480	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,780	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,330	...	...	50.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,940	...	...	46.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	985	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	455	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,375	...	...	11.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,550	...	...	18.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,615	...	...	18.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,470	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,810	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,950	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,025	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,300	...	...	83.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,910	...	...	16.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,645	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,030	...	...	23.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,505	...	...	14.9	...	...
Not suitable only	685	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,355	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	350	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	23,225	...	...	76.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,915	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not in core need	28,020	...	...	93.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,725	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.4	...	...	68.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,292	...	...	1,292	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,600	...	...	361,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.8	...	...	29.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	927	...	...	927	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	75,065	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,255	530	725	1.7	1.4	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,250	525	725	1.7	1.4	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,080	455	625	1.4	1.2	1.6
Métis single ancestry	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,255	1,070	1,190	3.0	2.9	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,255	1,070	1,190	3.0	2.9	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,080	1,000	1,080	2.8	2.7	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	71,550	35,285	36,265	95.3	95.7	95.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	75,060	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	72,125	35,455	36,670	96.1	96.1	96.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,505	8,525	7,980	22.0	23.1	20.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,620	26,930	28,690	74.1	73.0	75.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,935	1,435	1,505	3.9	3.9	3.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	75,060	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	62,040	30,425	31,620	82.7	82.5	82.8
Immigrants⁸¹	12,540	6,200	6,340	16.7	16.8	16.6
Before 1980	1,770	955	810	2.4	2.6	2.1
1980 to 1990	975	435	540	1.3	1.2	1.4
1991 to 2000	1,830	950	880	2.4	2.6	2.3
2001 to 2010	4,280	2,100	2,185	5.7	5.7	5.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,695	1,760	1,930	4.9	4.8	5.1
2011 to 2015	2,360	1,165	1,195	3.1	3.2	3.1
2016 to 2021	1,335	600	735	1.8	1.6	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	480	265	215	0.6	0.7	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,540	6,200	6,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,275	720	550	10.2	11.6	8.7
5 to 14 years	2,290	1,175	1,120	18.3	19.0	17.7
15 to 24 years	1,985	795	1,190	15.8	12.8	18.8
25 to 44 years	6,255	3,145	3,105	49.9	50.7	49.0
45 years and over	730	360	375	5.8	5.8	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,540	6,200	6,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,190	1,480	1,710	25.4	23.9	27.0
Brazil	195	90	105	1.6	1.5	1.7
Colombia	190	110	85	1.5	1.8	1.3
El Salvador	200	80	120	1.6	1.3	1.9
Guyana	80	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haiti	440	200	245	3.5	3.2	3.9
Jamaica	280	130	150	2.2	2.1	2.4
Mexico	225	120	110	1.8	1.9	1.7
Peru	120	55	60	1.0	0.9	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	170	60	115	1.4	1.0	1.8
United States of America	265	125	140	2.1	2.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	1,025	475	555	8.2	7.7	8.8
Europe	3,570	1,825	1,745	28.5	29.4	27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	475	255	220	3.8	4.1	3.5
Germany	120	75	45	1.0	1.2	0.7
Greece	55	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
Hungary	50	40	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Italy	315	190	120	2.5	3.1	1.9
Netherlands	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Poland	180	60	115	1.4	1.0	1.8
Portugal	105	50	60	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romania	400	185	215	3.2	3.0	3.4
Russian Federation	290	140	150	2.3	2.3	2.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	365	185	175	2.9	3.0	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	80	55	1.1	1.3	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	990	485	505	7.9	7.8	8.0
Africa	4,025	2,020	2,010	32.1	32.6	31.7
Algeria	765	390	375	6.1	6.3	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	260	120	135	2.1	1.9	2.1
Egypt	125	85	40	1.0	1.4	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Morocco	595	310	285	4.7	5.0	4.5
Nigeria	210	120	90	1.7	1.9	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,045	990	1,055	16.3	16.0	16.7
Asia	1,745	870	870	13.9	14.0	13.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	195	105	85	1.6	1.7	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	100	55	45	0.8	0.9	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	60	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	240	115	130	1.9	1.9	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	260	105	160	2.1	1.7	2.5
Viet Nam	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	105	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.9
India	95	55	45	0.8	0.9	0.7
Pakistan	105	55	45	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	410	205	210	3.3	3.3	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,335	600	735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	85	115	15.0	14.2	15.6
Brazil	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	15	25	3.0	2.5	3.4
Jamaica	20	20	0	1.5	3.3	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
United States of America	35	15	20	2.6	2.5	2.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	25	45	5.2	4.2	6.1
Europe	310	135	175	23.2	22.5	23.8
France	35	10	25	2.6	1.7	3.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	25	20	3.7	4.2	2.7
Ukraine	70	35	40	5.2	5.8	5.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	145	60	85	10.9	10.0	11.6
Africa	650	305	350	48.7	50.8	47.6
Algeria	105	45	55	7.9	7.5	7.5
Burundi	70	25	45	5.2	4.2	6.1
Cameroon	160	75	85	12.0	12.5	11.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	50	20	4.9	8.3	2.7
Côte d'Ivoire	60	15	50	4.5	2.5	6.8
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	20	2.2	1.7	2.7
Nigeria	25	15	15	1.9	2.5	2.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	40	45	6.0	6.7	6.1
Asia	170	75	100	12.7	12.5	13.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25	3.4	3.3	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	0	15	1.9	0.0	2.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	75,060	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,385	6,610	6,775	17.8	17.9	17.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,165	5,080	5,085	13.5	13.8	13.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	51,515	25,195	26,320	68.6	68.3	68.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,775	5,245	5,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,915	3,000	2,910	54.9	57.2	52.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,535	1,480	1,050	23.5	28.2	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,385	1,525	1,860	31.4	29.1	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,735	1,210	1,525	25.4	23.1	27.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,925	930	1,000	17.9	17.7	18.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	190	95	95	1.8	1.8	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,775	5,245	5,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,485	725	765	13.8	13.8	13.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	840	440	400	7.8	8.4	7.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	180	65	110	1.7	1.2	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	245	105	130	2.3	2.0	2.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	40	30	0.6	0.8	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,955	3,865	4,090	73.8	73.7	74.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	75,065	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,780	6,855	6,930	18.4	18.6	18.2
South Asian	840	460	380	1.1	1.2	1.0
Chinese	500	250	245	0.7	0.7	0.6
Black	7,160	3,460	3,700	9.5	9.4	9.7
Filipino	350	155	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	1,855	975	885	2.5	2.6	2.3
Latin American	1,770	900	865	2.4	2.4	2.3
Southeast Asian	330	175	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
West Asian	255	150	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	405	175	230	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	61,275	30,030	31,245	81.6	81.4	81.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	75,060	36,885	38,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,615	10,010	10,600	27.5	27.1	27.8
English	3,585	1,840	1,745	4.8	5.0	4.6
Irish	6,815	3,385	3,430	9.1	9.2	9.0
Scottish	3,800	1,870	1,930	5.1	5.1	5.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,585	7,280	7,305	19.4	19.7	19.1
German	1,545	765	780	2.1	2.1	2.0
Chinese	675	330	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italian	3,470	1,865	1,605	4.6	5.1	4.2
Indian (India)	585	300	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
Ukrainian	1,070	480	585	1.4	1.3	1.5
Dutch	310	135	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Polish	860	460	405	1.1	1.2	1.1
Québécois	6,960	3,570	3,385	9.3	9.7	8.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	675	310	365	0.9	0.8	1.0
Filipino	385	180	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
French Canadian	3,935	1,785	2,150	5.2	4.8	5.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,145	620	525	1.5	1.7	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,435	660	780	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	310	140	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	765	370	400	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	880	410	470	1.2	1.1	1.2
Norwegian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Welsh	270	110	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	570	310	260	0.8	0.8	0.7
American	490	185	300	0.7	0.5	0.8
Spanish	825	355	475	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	215	135	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Acadian	990	455	530	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pakistani	200	115	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,260	625	635	1.7	1.7	1.7
Jewish	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	845	420	425	1.1	1.1	1.1
Greek	495	240	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	665	335	330	0.9	0.9	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	820	390	435	1.1	1.1	1.1
Lebanese	260	140	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	210	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	770	395	370	1.0	1.1	1.0
Danish	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sikh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	115	55	55	0.2	0.1	0.1
Belgian	460	225	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	1,030	485	550	1.4	1.3	1.4
Hindu	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexican	375	185	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	205	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	110	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	190	90	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Egyptian	150	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	340	155	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	190	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	575	295	280	0.8	0.8	0.7
Czech	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	165	100	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	420	200	215	0.6	0.5	0.6
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkish	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	555	275	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Brazilian	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	220	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	355	170	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
African Caribbean	230	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Algonquin	200	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	380	180	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nova Scotian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber	510	245	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	525	220	305	0.7	0.6	0.8
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	105	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	345	170	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
African American	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	530	270	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Guatemalan	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moldovan	370	150	220	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	175	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	115	55	55	0.2	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	185	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Grenadian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cherokee	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	90	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
St. Lucian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	75,065	36,885	38,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	265	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Christian	50,445	23,925	26,520	67.2	64.9	69.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,955	2,525	2,430	6.6	6.8	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,155	500	660	1.5	1.4	1.7
Baptist	350	150	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Catholic	38,110	18,035	20,070	50.8	48.9	52.6
Christian Orthodox	1,825	835	990	2.4	2.3	2.6
Jehovah's Witness	485	205	280	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	780	365	420	1.0	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	490	260	235	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,920	880	1,040	2.6	2.4	2.7
Hindu	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	3,780	1,880	1,900	5.0	5.1	5.0
Sikh	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	19,845	10,575	9,270	26.4	28.7	24.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	74,340	36,540	37,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,790	32,850	33,935	89.8	89.9	89.8
Movers	7,550	3,685	3,865	10.2	10.1	10.2
Non-migrants	3,035	1,485	1,550	4.1	4.1	4.1
Migrants	4,520	2,205	2,315	6.1	6.0	6.1
Internal migrants	4,360	2,125	2,235	5.9	5.8	5.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,210	2,070	2,135	5.7	5.7	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	145	55	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
External migrants	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	70,845	34,685	36,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,395	21,970	22,425	62.7	63.3	62.0
Movers	26,455	12,720	13,730	37.3	36.7	38.0
Non-migrants	8,045	3,825	4,220	11.4	11.0	11.7
Migrants	18,410	8,895	9,515	26.0	25.6	26.3
Internal migrants	17,190	8,295	8,890	24.3	23.9	24.6
Intraprovincial migrants	16,675	8,065	8,610	23.5	23.3	23.8
Interprovincial migrants	520	235	280	0.7	0.7	0.8
External migrants	1,220	595	620	1.7	1.7	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,720	29,495	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,970	6,840	6,130	21.4	23.2	19.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,750	22,655	25,100	78.6	76.8	80.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,020	19,120	19,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,570	3,295	2,275	14.3	17.2	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	33,450	15,830	17,625	85.7	82.8	88.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,720	29,495	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,515	5,915	5,600	19.0	20.1	17.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,220	7,985	8,235	26.7	27.1	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,990	15,600	17,395	54.3	52.9	55.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,290	11,530	11,760	38.4	39.1	37.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,775	6,360	4,415	17.7	21.6	14.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,790	3,955	3,835	12.8	13.4	12.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,985	2,405	580	4.9	8.2	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,630	4,375	6,255	17.5	14.8	20.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,885	800	1,095	3.1	2.7	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,700	4,070	5,635	16.0	13.8	18.0
Bachelor's degree	6,790	2,770	4,020	11.2	9.4	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	960	405	555	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,595	720	875	2.6	2.4	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,025	19,120	19,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,585	2,685	1,900	11.7	14.0	9.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,770	4,515	4,255	22.5	23.6	21.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,670	11,920	13,750	65.8	62.3	69.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,550	8,665	8,890	45.0	45.3	44.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,415	4,885	3,535	21.6	25.5	17.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,145	3,070	3,070	15.7	16.1	15.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,275	1,810	465	5.8	9.5	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,725	3,160	4,570	19.8	16.5	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	620	785	3.6	3.2	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,120	3,260	4,855	20.8	17.1	24.4
Bachelor's degree	5,635	2,195	3,445	14.4	11.5	17.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	780	315	465	2.0	1.6	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	35	70	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	1,410	620	785	3.6	3.2	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	95	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,720	29,495	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,730	13,895	13,835	45.7	47.1	44.3
Education	2,205	420	1,785	3.6	1.4	5.7
13. Education	2,205	420	1,785	3.6	1.4	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,140	525	615	1.9	1.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	155	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	940	370	570	1.5	1.3	1.8
Humanities	1,400	490	915	2.3	1.7	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	45	145	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	715	245	465	1.2	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,375	925	2,450	5.6	3.1	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	80	195	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	40	745	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	530	190	340	0.9	0.6	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	430	75	355	0.7	0.3	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,250	525	730	2.1	1.8	2.3
Business, management and public administration	7,280	2,355	4,920	12.0	8.0	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	65	320	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,875	2,295	4,585	11.3	7.8	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,005	545	460	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	120	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
40. Physical sciences	355	240	110	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,310	985	325	2.2	3.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,160	910	250	1.9	3.1	0.8
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,750	7,150	595	12.8	24.2	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	210	125	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,050	850	195	1.7	2.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,495	1,340	155	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,985	1,915	65	3.3	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,885	1,835	50	3.1	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,120	1,085	35	1.8	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	210	260	0.8	0.7	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385	160	220	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,430	635	3,795	7.3	2.2	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	115	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,180	525	3,660	6.9	1.8	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,620	1,350	1,265	4.3	4.6	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	270	1,060	2.2	0.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	580	455	120	1.0	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	700	625	80	1.2	2.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,020	19,120	19,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,350	7,200	6,150	34.2	37.7	30.9
Education	1,565	270	1,295	4.0	1.4	6.5
13. Education	1,565	270	1,295	4.0	1.4	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	870	375	495	2.2	2.0	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	110	30	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	730	265	465	1.9	1.4	2.3
Humanities	890	320	570	2.3	1.7	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	35	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	435	160	280	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,660	685	1,975	6.8	3.6	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	75	165	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	15	615	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	450	150	290	1.2	0.8	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	325	60	265	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	935	375	560	2.4	2.0	2.8
Business, management and public administration	5,695	1,745	3,950	14.6	9.1	19.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	45	275	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,375	1,705	3,670	13.8	8.9	18.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	730	380	345	1.9	2.0	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	95	185	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	60	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	260	170	95	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,130	845	280	2.9	4.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,005	785	220	2.6	4.1	1.1
25. Library science	50	10	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,095	5,555	535	15.6	29.1	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	160	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	930	755	175	2.4	3.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,110	980	135	2.8	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,515	1,450	65	3.9	7.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,520	1,470	45	3.9	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	860	830	40	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	360	150	205	0.9	0.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	120	175	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	3,585	505	3,075	9.2	2.6	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,395	440	2,955	8.7	2.3	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,095	1,080	1,010	5.4	5.6	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,040	195	845	2.7	1.0	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	445	355	90	1.1	1.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	605	530	75	1.6	2.8	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	39,020	19,120	19,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,350	7,200	6,150	34.2	37.7	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,670	11,920	13,750	65.8	62.3	69.1
Location of study inside Canada	22,010	10,075	11,940	56.4	52.7	60.0
Same as province or territory of residence	21,440	9,830	11,615	54.9	51.4	58.4
Different than province or territory of residence	570	240	325	1.5	1.3	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,660	1,845	1,810	9.4	9.6	9.1
Americas	750	400	350	1.9	2.1	1.8
United States of America	145	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mexico	135	55	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Europe	1,285	665	620	3.3	3.5	3.1
Belgium	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	305	180	125	0.8	0.9	0.6
Germany	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	240	110	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Poland	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	155	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Russian Federation	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	125	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Africa	1,025	495	530	2.6	2.6	2.7
Nigeria	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	310	145	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Morocco	180	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Tunisia	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	385	175	205	1.0	0.9	1.0
Asia	585	270	315	1.5	1.4	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	65	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	35	90	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	90	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	60,720	29,495	31,225	...	...	...
In the labour force	39,420	20,220	19,200	...	...	...
Employed	36,450	18,685	17,765	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,970	1,540	1,435	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,300	9,275	12,025	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.9	68.6	61.5	64.9	68.6	61.5
Employment rate	60.0	63.3	56.9	60.0	63.3	56.9
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.6	7.5	7.5	7.6	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	60,720	29,495	31,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,810	9,495	12,315	35.9	32.2	39.4
Worked	38,905	19,995	18,910	64.1	67.8	60.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,405	11,470	9,935	35.3	38.9	31.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,505	8,525	8,980	28.8	28.9	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.2	41.3	41.8	42.2	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,420	20,215	19,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	940	440	505	2.4	2.2	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,480	19,780	18,700	97.6	97.8	97.4
Employee	34,610	17,580	17,035	87.8	87.0	88.7
Permanent position	29,960	15,460	14,505	76.0	76.5	75.5
Temporary position	4,650	2,115	2,530	11.8	10.5	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,385	600	790	3.5	3.0	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,260	1,520	1,745	8.3	7.5	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,865	2,205	1,660	9.8	10.9	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,420	20,215	19,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	940	440	505	2.4	2.2	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,480	19,780	18,700	97.6	97.8	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	330	125	1.2	1.6	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,910	2,115	4,800	17.5	10.5	25.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,590	2,100	490	6.6	10.4	2.6
3 Health occupations	3,505	520	2,980	8.9	2.6	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,440	1,010	3,430	11.3	5.0	17.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	875	405	460	2.2	2.0	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	9,790	4,475	5,310	24.8	22.1	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,965	7,350	615	20.2	36.4	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	315	235	80	0.8	1.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,630	1,235	400	4.1	6.1	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,420	20,215	19,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	940	440	505	2.4	2.2	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	38,480	19,780	18,700	97.6	97.8	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	180	85	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	55	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	345	280	70	0.9	1.4	0.4
23 Construction	3,040	2,660	380	7.7	13.2	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,895	2,825	1,070	9.9	14.0	5.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,465	1,010	455	3.7	5.0	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	4,830	2,325	2,505	12.3	11.5	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,980	2,255	725	7.6	11.2	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	790	440	350	2.0	2.2	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,545	580	970	3.9	2.9	5.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	280	255	1.4	1.4	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,375	1,285	1,090	6.0	6.4	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,700	1,035	670	4.3	5.1	3.5
61 Educational services	2,750	650	2,105	7.0	3.2	11.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,145	1,055	5,090	15.6	5.2	26.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	515	280	240	1.3	1.4	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	1,920	900	1,020	4.9	4.5	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,590	850	745	4.0	4.2	3.9
91 Public administration	1,780	935	840	4.5	4.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	41,350	21,205	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,375	2,345	2,030	10.6	11.1	10.1
French	20,270	10,305	9,965	49.0	48.6	49.5
Non-official language	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	16,045	8,260	7,785	38.8	39.0	38.6
English and non-official language(s)	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	385	175	210	0.9	0.8	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	41,350	21,205	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	37,595	19,295	18,300	90.9	91.0	90.8
Official languages	37,415	19,220	18,200	90.5	90.6	90.3
English	8,065	4,215	3,850	19.5	19.9	19.1
French	29,350	15,005	14,345	71.0	70.8	71.2
Non-official languages	180	80	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	80	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,760	1,905	1,855	9.1	9.0	9.2
English and French	3,670	1,860	1,810	8.9	8.8	9.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	41,350	21,205	20,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	28,385	14,530	13,860	68.6	68.5	68.8
English	8,945	4,650	4,300	21.6	21.9	21.3
French	3,605	1,840	1,760	8.7	8.7	8.7
Non-official language	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,450	18,680	17,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,265	2,740	3,520	17.2	14.7	19.8
Worked outside Canada	60	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,400	3,325	1,070	12.1	17.8	6.0
Usual place of work	25,725	12,565	13,160	70.6	67.3	74.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,725	12,565	13,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,035	3,230	4,805	31.2	25.7	36.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,695	1,705	1,985	14.4	13.6	15.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,960	7,605	6,355	54.3	60.5	48.3
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,125	15,890	14,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,550	14,480	12,070	88.1	91.1	84.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,870	13,730	11,135	82.6	86.4	78.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,680	745	935	5.6	4.7	6.6
Public transit	1,875	715	1,165	6.2	4.5	8.2
Walked	1,055	410	650	3.5	2.6	4.6
Bicycle	185	110	70	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	460	185	280	1.5	1.2	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,125	15,890	14,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,180	3,370	4,820	27.2	21.2	33.9
15 to 29 minutes	8,620	4,670	3,950	28.6	29.4	27.8
30 to 44 minutes	8,420	5,020	3,405	28.0	31.6	23.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,840	1,705	1,135	9.4	10.7	8.0
60 minutes and over	2,055	1,125	930	6.8	7.1	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,125	15,890	14,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,530	2,750	780	11.7	17.3	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,040	3,575	2,465	20.0	22.5	17.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,835	3,470	4,370	26.0	21.8	30.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,635	1,770	2,865	15.4	11.1	20.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,775	1,140	1,640	9.2	7.2	11.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,310	3,195	2,115	17.6	20.1	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,320	8,915	8,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,820	2,530	2,290	27.8	28.4	27.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,495	6,380	6,115	72.1	71.6	72.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,705	6,550	6,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,555	1,845	1,700	28.0	28.2	27.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,895	1,505	1,380	22.8	23.0	22.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	660	340	320	5.2	5.2	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,150	4,705	4,450	72.0	71.8	72.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table