Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Châteauguay--Les Jardins-de-NapiervilleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,945	57,505	57,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,545	11,070	10,480	18.7	19.3	18.2
0 to 4 years	6,680	3,430	3,245	5.8	6.0	5.6
5 to 9 years	7,440	3,820	3,620	6.5	6.6	6.3
10 to 14 years	7,425	3,820	3,605	6.5	6.6	6.3
15 to 64 years	72,305	36,480	35,825	62.9	63.4	62.4
15 to 19 years	6,415	3,305	3,110	5.6	5.7	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,715	2,970	2,740	5.0	5.2	4.8
25 to 29 years	6,410	3,285	3,130	5.6	5.7	5.4
30 to 34 years	7,020	3,455	3,565	6.1	6.0	6.2
35 to 39 years	7,570	3,795	3,780	6.6	6.6	6.6
40 to 44 years	8,035	4,020	4,015	7.0	7.0	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,095	3,605	3,490	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,260	3,635	3,620	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,515	4,350	4,170	7.4	7.6	7.3
60 to 64 years	8,265	4,060	4,205	7.2	7.1	7.3
65 years and over	21,095	9,955	11,140	18.4	17.3	19.4
65 to 69 years	6,595	3,235	3,360	5.7	5.6	5.8
70 to 74 years	5,380	2,655	2,725	4.7	4.6	4.7
75 to 79 years	3,880	1,860	2,020	3.4	3.2	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,675	1,170	1,505	2.3	2.0	2.6
85 years and over	2,565	1,045	1,520	2.2	1.8	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,750	730	1,015	1.5	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	675	275	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	19.3	18.2	18.7	19.3	18.2
15 to 64 years	62.9	63.4	62.4	62.9	63.4	62.4
65 years and over	18.4	17.3	19.4	18.4	17.3	19.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.8	2.6	2.2	1.8	2.6
Average age of the population	41.3	40.6	42.0	41.3	40.6	42.0
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.4	41.6	40.8	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,740	...	...	68.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,495	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	900	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,565	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,695	...	...	19.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,095	...	...	26.8	...	...
2 persons	15,575	...	...	34.5	...	...
3 persons	6,880	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	6,525	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	4,060	...	...	9.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,350	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,400	46,435	46,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,595	28,000	27,595	59.5	60.3	58.8
Married	33,245	16,830	16,410	35.6	36.2	34.9
Living common-law	22,350	11,165	11,185	23.9	24.0	23.8
Living common law - Never married	18,200	9,065	9,140	19.5	19.5	19.5
Living common law - Separated	225	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,475	1,775	1,695	3.7	3.8	3.6
Living common law - Widowed	445	190	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	37,805	18,440	19,370	40.5	39.7	41.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,740	14,160	11,580	27.6	30.5	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,290	610	675	1.4	1.3	1.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,660	2,390	3,275	6.1	5.1	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,110	1,275	3,840	5.5	2.7	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,100	...	...	49.6	...	...
3 persons	6,765	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	6,325	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,270	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,110	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	15,935	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,670	...	...	23.6	...	...
Without children	8,270	...	...	25.5	...	...
Common-law couples	11,175	...	...	34.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,395	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	4,780	...	...	14.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,350	...	...	16.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,870	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,480	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,350	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	95,320	47,655	47,660	84.8	85.1	84.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,220	27,085	27,130	48.3	48.4	48.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,350	1,485	3,870	4.8	2.7	6.9
Children⁶	35,755	19,090	16,665	31.8	34.1	29.6
In a two-parent family	27,195	14,390	12,805	24.2	25.7	22.7
In a one-parent family	8,560	4,700	3,860	7.6	8.4	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,030	8,335	8,690	15.2	14.9	15.4
Living alone	12,095	5,795	6,305	10.8	10.3	11.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,475	1,100	1,370	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,460	1,440	1,015	2.2	2.6	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,470	...	...	65.3	...	...
Couple-family households	25,055	...	...	55.5	...	...
With children⁶	12,980	...	...	28.8	...	...
Without children	12,070	...	...	26.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,415	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,015	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,185	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,200	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	12,095	...	...	26.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,825	44,935	45,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,315	43,740	44,575	97.2	97.3	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,000	37,200	41,600	46,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,330	43,745	44,580	97.3	97.4	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	33,600	36,800	40,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,600	40,305	39,290	87.6	89.7	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,800	27,200	33,600	40,800	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,375	34,065	31,315	72.0	75.8	68.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	31,200	37,200	43,200	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,205	34,170	39,040	80.6	76.0	85.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	9,900	12,800	11,500	9,900	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,640	5,965	5,675	12.8	13.3	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,760	5,600	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,405	13,250	12,155	28.0	29.5	26.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,850	44,950	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,375	43,800	44,575	97.3	97.4	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	53,750	43,120	48,400	53,750	43,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,410	43,810	44,600	97.3	97.5	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	43,640	37,160	40,360	43,640	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,735	40,295	39,435	87.8	89.6	85.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,080	48,920	35,080	42,080	48,920	35,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,420	34,045	31,375	72.0	75.7	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	48,600	37,600	43,320	48,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,190	34,125	39,070	80.6	75.9	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	11,240	13,800	12,600	11,240	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,575	6,010	5,565	12.7	13.4	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,040	8,020	6,990	6,040	8,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,870	13,045	11,820	27.4	29.0	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,020	7,690	8,390	8,020	7,690	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,850	44,950	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,595	17,745	14,850	35.9	39.5	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	61,600	50,800	56,000	61,600	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,350	67,400	56,300	62,350	67,400	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,755	12,470	13,285	28.3	27.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,600	16,600	19,400	23,600	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	32,960	22,800	27,720	32,960	22,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	83.8	72.0	78.4	83.8	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	70.2	61.3	66.2	70.2	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	16.3	28.0	21.6	16.3	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.3	1.9	1.5	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.8	6.3	5.5	4.8	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.3	5.2	4.7	4.3	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,825	44,935	45,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,510	1,200	1,310	2.8	2.7	2.9
With total income	88,315	43,740	44,575	97.2	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,000	2,655	3,340	6.8	6.1	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,370	4,105	6,270	11.7	9.4	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,390	6,345	8,045	16.3	14.5	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,615	5,285	6,325	13.2	12.1	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,580	5,580	6,000	13.1	12.8	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,585	4,805	4,780	10.9	11.0	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,175	4,005	3,170	8.1	9.2	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,350	3,140	2,205	6.1	7.2	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,915	2,365	1,555	4.4	5.4	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,570	985	2.9	3.6	2.2
$100,000 and over	5,775	3,880	1,900	6.5	8.9	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	4,430	2,910	1,520	5.0	6.7	3.4
$150,000 and over	1,345	975	375	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,825	44,935	45,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,495	1,190	1,305	2.7	2.7	2.8
With after-tax income	88,330	43,745	44,580	97.3	97.3	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405	2,795	3,610	7.3	6.4	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,970	4,435	6,540	12.4	10.1	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,760	7,410	9,355	19.0	16.9	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,920	7,275	7,650	16.9	16.6	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	13,840	7,040	6,800	15.7	16.1	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,945	5,530	4,410	11.3	12.6	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,535	3,715	2,820	7.4	8.5	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,800	2,215	1,590	4.3	5.1	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	1,295	805	2.4	3.0	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	720	400	1.3	1.6	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,925	1,325	605	2.2	3.0	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,110	750	360	1.3	1.7	0.8
$125,000 and over	815	575	245	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,825	44,935	45,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,445	10,875	14,570	28.0	24.2	31.8
With employment income	65,375	34,065	31,315	72.0	75.8	68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,210	4,185	4,020	12.6	12.3	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,140	2,215	2,930	7.9	6.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,965	3,410	4,560	12.2	10.0	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,575	2,870	3,705	10.1	8.4	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,845	3,290	3,555	10.5	9.6	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,045	3,495	3,555	10.8	10.2	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,875	3,240	2,635	9.0	9.5	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,875	3,000	1,880	7.5	8.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730	2,345	1,385	5.7	6.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	1,830	1,140	4.5	5.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	1,195	650	2.8	3.5	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,305	3,000	1,305	6.6	8.8	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,435	1,645	785	3.7	4.8	2.5
$125,000 and over	1,875	1,355	515	2.9	4.0	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,825	44,935	45,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,645	42,840	43,810	95.4	95.3	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	45,200	34,400	39,600	45,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,675	42,840	43,835	95.4	95.3	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,200	31,200	35,200	39,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,500	39,770	38,735	86.4	88.5	84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	28,800	35,200	42,400	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,400	33,970	31,435	72.0	75.6	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	31,800	37,600	44,000	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,180	29,985	36,195	72.9	66.7	78.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	5,880	9,900	8,400	5,880	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,915	5,760	5,155	12.0	12.8	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,440	5,240	4,760	4,440	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,850	44,950	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,585	42,800	43,785	95.3	95.2	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	52,050	40,240	46,080	52,050	40,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,620	42,810	43,805	95.3	95.2	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,320	42,200	34,560	38,320	42,200	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,560	39,715	38,845	86.5	88.4	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	49,640	35,120	42,440	49,640	35,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,530	33,920	31,615	72.1	75.5	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,360	49,280	37,000	43,360	49,280	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,520	30,275	36,245	73.2	67.4	79.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,850	8,480	10,990	9,850	8,480	10,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,050	6,025	5,025	12.2	13.4	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	5,690	8,570	7,000	5,690	8,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,850	44,950	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,460	17,680	14,780	35.7	39.3	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	59,200	46,400	52,800	59,200	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,800	64,600	51,850	58,800	64,600	51,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,355	11,810	12,540	26.8	26.3	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	31,200	21,800	25,000	31,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,560	38,720	26,760	32,560	38,720	26,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.6	88.4	77.4	83.6	88.4	77.4
Employment income (%)	71.2	75.0	66.4	71.2	75.0	66.4
Government transfers (%)	16.4	11.5	22.6	16.4	11.5	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,720	...	...	45,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,560	...	...	38,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,105	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,525	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,370	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,820	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,880	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,865	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,485	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,365	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,815	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,325	...	...	38.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,075	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,260	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,445	...	...	9.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,540	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,260	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,825	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,720	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,295	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,235	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,095	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,290	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,655	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,150	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,490	...	...	27.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,945	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,305	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,240	...	...	7.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,555	7,235	7,320	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	41,200	34,000	37,200	41,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,200	33,600	36,000	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,300	...	...	78,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,480	7,145	7,340	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,720	49,080	40,440	44,720	49,080	40,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,680	40,120	35,360	37,680	40,120	35,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,350	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,455	13,065	12,395	22.7	23.3	22.0
0 to 5 years	8,110	4,160	3,955	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years	67,025	33,505	33,520	59.7	59.8	59.5
65 years and over	19,870	9,420	10,440	17.7	16.8	18.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,070	4,570	5,505	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,990	1,050	940	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	690	355	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,720	2,250	2,475	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,360	1,270	2,090	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.2	9.8	9.0	8.2	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.8	8.0	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	8.6	8.4	8.5	8.6	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	6.7	7.4	7.1	6.7	7.4
65 years and over (%)	16.9	13.5	20.0	16.9	13.5	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,350	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,455	13,065	12,395	22.7	23.3	22.0
0 to 5 years	8,110	4,160	3,955	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years	67,025	33,505	33,520	59.7	59.8	59.5
65 years and over	19,870	9,420	10,440	17.7	16.8	18.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,590	1,315	1,280	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	430	230	200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	70	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,880	955	920	...	...	...
65 years and over	280	125	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,345	55,995	56,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,775	30,090	31,685	55.0	53.7	56.2
In bottom decile	8,360	3,910	4,450	7.4	7.0	7.9
In second decile	11,275	5,305	5,970	10.0	9.5	10.6
In third decile	13,300	6,515	6,785	11.8	11.6	12.0
In fourth decile	14,235	7,080	7,160	12.7	12.6	12.7
In fifth decile	14,610	7,290	7,320	13.0	13.0	13.0
In top half of the distribution	50,575	25,905	24,665	45.0	46.3	43.8
In sixth decile	13,760	7,080	6,680	12.2	12.6	11.9
In seventh decile	13,010	6,600	6,410	11.6	11.8	11.4
In eighth decile	10,720	5,480	5,245	9.5	9.8	9.3
In ninth decile	8,395	4,320	4,075	7.5	7.7	7.2
In top decile	4,680	2,420	2,265	4.2	4.3	4.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,350	...	...	112,350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.238	...	...	0.238	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,390	57,285	57,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	7,835	3,920	3,915	6.8	6.8	6.9
French only	48,105	23,085	25,020	42.1	40.3	43.8
English and French	57,750	29,895	27,860	50.5	52.2	48.8
Neither English nor French	695	380	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,390	57,285	57,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,410	10,670	10,740	18.7	18.6	18.8
French	88,315	44,190	44,125	77.2	77.1	77.3
English and French	3,995	2,055	1,940	3.5	3.6	3.4
Neither English nor French	665	365	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,390	57,285	57,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,970	55,055	54,910	96.1	96.1	96.2
Official languages	99,400	49,705	49,695	86.9	86.8	87.0
English	17,480	8,685	8,790	15.3	15.2	15.4
French	81,920	41,020	40,900	71.6	71.6	71.6
Non-official languages	10,570	5,350	5,220	9.2	9.3	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,545	5,345	5,200	9.2	9.3	9.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,555	815	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	345	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,180	610	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,135	590	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	385	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,935	3,540	3,390	6.1	6.2	5.9
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,905	920	985	1.7	1.6	1.7
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,895	915	975	1.7	1.6	1.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,230	600	630	1.1	1.0	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	570	295	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	380	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,925	2,055	1,870	3.4	3.6	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	625	335	290	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	710	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	2,250	1,200	1,045	2.0	2.1	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	580	285	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	300	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,420	2,230	2,190	3.9	3.9	3.8
English and French	2,825	1,455	1,370	2.5	2.5	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	775	375	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,390	57,285	57,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,645	8,290	8,350	14.6	14.5	14.6
French	78,195	39,270	38,925	68.4	68.6	68.2
Non-official language	3,190	1,650	1,540	2.8	2.9	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,185	1,650	1,540	2.8	2.9	2.7
English and French	8,290	4,115	4,175	7.2	7.2	7.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,495	710	780	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	3,595	1,740	1,860	3.1	3.0	3.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,815	1,420	1,390	2.5	2.5	2.4
Multiple non-official languages	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,390	57,285	57,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,075	55,230	54,845	96.2	96.4	96.0
Official languages	104,210	52,260	51,945	91.1	91.2	91.0
English	20,235	10,060	10,170	17.7	17.6	17.8
French	83,980	42,200	41,780	73.4	73.7	73.2
Non-official languages	5,870	2,970	2,900	5.1	5.2	5.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,865	2,970	2,890	5.1	5.2	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	340	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	540	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	250	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,225	2,175	2,055	3.7	3.8	3.6
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,480	745	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,480	740	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,115	555	555	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	375	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,245	1,185	1,060	2.0	2.1	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	495	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	1,495	825	675	1.3	1.4	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,310	2,055	2,260	3.8	3.6	4.0
English and French	2,360	1,140	1,215	2.1	2.0	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	475	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	1,060	500	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	405	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,390	57,285	57,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,585	50,890	50,690	88.8	88.8	88.8
English	4,350	2,190	2,160	3.8	3.8	3.8
French	3,805	1,860	1,945	3.3	3.2	3.4
Non-official language	2,515	1,245	1,275	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,495	1,230	1,260	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and French	670	340	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	685	370	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	555	285	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,350	55,995	56,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,645	55,565	56,075	99.4	99.2	99.5
English	65,205	33,715	31,490	58.0	60.2	55.9
French	103,795	51,565	52,230	92.4	92.1	92.7
Non-official languages	17,165	8,430	8,735	15.3	15.1	15.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,115	8,410	8,705	15.2	15.0	15.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,785	1,370	1,410	2.5	2.4	2.5
Berber languages	580	285	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kabyle	540	265	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamazight	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,425	1,200	1,225	2.2	2.1	2.2
Amharic	45	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	2,160	1,090	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	175	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	885	430	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haitian Creole	545	255	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,160	5,510	5,650	9.9	9.8	10.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,465	1,205	1,265	2.2	2.2	2.2
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,460	1,195	1,260	2.2	2.1	2.2
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	175	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,755	855	895	1.6	1.5	1.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	650	300	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	520	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	490	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	875	470	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	615	345	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	265	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,465	3,655	3,805	6.6	6.5	6.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,265	695	575	1.1	1.2	1.0
Portuguese	630	315	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	1,005	450	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	4,920	2,385	2,535	4.4	4.3	4.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,225	565	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	295	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	525	265	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	525	265	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,345	56,000	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,765	1,320	1,450	2.5	2.4	2.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,575	1,240	1,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,780	860	925	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	760	370	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	109,580	54,680	54,900	97.5	97.6	97.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,345	56,000	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,040	475	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,310	55,520	55,790	99.1	99.1	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,510	...	...	74.2	...	...
Renter	11,630	...	...	25.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,720	...	...	8.2	...	...
Not condominium	41,420	...	...	91.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,950	...	...	8.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,640	...	...	25.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,050	...	...	37.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,395	...	...	27.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,395	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,905	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	6,495	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,870	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,475	...	...	32.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,775	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,960	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,180	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,275	...	...	20.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,800	...	...	30.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,610	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,890	...	...	8.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,190	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,885	...	...	8.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,470	...	...	7.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,025	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,415	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,725	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,645	...	...	50.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,150	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,345	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	650	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,670	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,200	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,090	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,760	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,160	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,055	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,560	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,925	...	...	85.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,470	...	...	14.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,120	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,700	...	...	21.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,915	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not suitable only	975	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,125	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,445	...	...	78.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,440	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not in core need	41,605	...	...	94.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.3	...	...	66.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,222	...	...	1,222	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	360,400	...	...	360,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.7	...	...	27.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	906	...	...	906	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,350	55,995	56,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,885	865	1,015	1.7	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,870	855	1,010	1.7	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,645	755	895	1.5	1.3	1.6
Métis single ancestry	200	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,300	1,575	1,725	2.9	2.8	3.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,285	1,565	1,720	2.9	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,980	1,420	1,560	2.7	2.5	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,165	53,560	53,610	95.4	95.7	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,345	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,815	54,195	54,620	96.9	96.8	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,800	12,760	12,045	22.1	22.8	21.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,015	41,440	42,570	74.8	74.0	75.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,540	1,805	1,735	3.2	3.2	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,345	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,765	48,705	49,065	87.0	87.0	87.1
Immigrants⁸¹	13,855	6,820	7,035	12.3	12.2	12.5
Before 1980	2,165	1,160	1,005	1.9	2.1	1.8
1980 to 1990	1,155	505	655	1.0	0.9	1.2
1991 to 2000	2,085	1,085	1,005	1.9	1.9	1.8
2001 to 2010	4,480	2,185	2,305	4.0	3.9	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,960	1,885	2,075	3.5	3.4	3.7
2011 to 2015	2,495	1,210	1,285	2.2	2.2	2.3
2016 to 2021	1,465	670	790	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	730	475	255	0.6	0.8	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,850	6,820	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,470	810	660	10.6	11.9	9.4
5 to 14 years	2,550	1,310	1,240	18.4	19.2	17.6
15 to 24 years	2,260	940	1,315	16.3	13.8	18.7
25 to 44 years	6,765	3,345	3,420	48.8	49.0	48.6
45 years and over	810	410	400	5.8	6.0	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,850	6,820	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,545	1,630	1,915	25.6	23.9	27.2
Brazil	200	95	110	1.4	1.4	1.6
Colombia	245	130	115	1.8	1.9	1.6
El Salvador	215	90	130	1.6	1.3	1.8
Guyana	85	50	40	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haiti	465	210	260	3.4	3.1	3.7
Jamaica	280	135	150	2.0	2.0	2.1
Mexico	265	130	135	1.9	1.9	1.9
Peru	125	60	60	0.9	0.9	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	165	60	105	1.2	0.9	1.5
United States of America	390	175	215	2.8	2.6	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,115	505	610	8.1	7.4	8.7
Europe	4,155	2,095	2,065	30.0	30.7	29.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatia	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
France	650	350	300	4.7	5.1	4.3
Germany	160	90	70	1.2	1.3	1.0
Greece	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hungary	55	45	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Italy	360	215	145	2.6	3.2	2.1
Netherlands	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.6
Poland	195	70	130	1.4	1.0	1.8
Portugal	115	50	65	0.8	0.7	0.9
Romania	440	195	245	3.2	2.9	3.5
Russian Federation	305	145	160	2.2	2.1	2.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	350	175	175	2.5	2.6	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	185	110	75	1.3	1.6	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,155	565	590	8.3	8.3	8.4
Africa	4,195	2,120	2,080	30.3	31.1	29.6
Algeria	805	410	385	5.8	6.0	5.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	265	125	140	1.9	1.8	2.0
Egypt	140	100	40	1.0	1.5	0.6
Eritrea	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopia	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	630	330	305	4.5	4.8	4.3
Nigeria	205	120	90	1.5	1.8	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,115	1,035	1,080	15.3	15.2	15.4
Asia	1,935	965	970	14.0	14.1	13.8
Afghanistan	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	180	95	85	1.3	1.4	1.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	105	60	45	0.8	0.9	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	75	45	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
Turkey	55	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	260	125	135	1.9	1.8	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	285	100	185	2.1	1.5	2.6
Viet Nam	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	105	45	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
India	135	75	55	1.0	1.1	0.8
Pakistan	95	55	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	475	235	240	3.4	3.4	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,465	675	790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	245	115	135	16.7	17.0	17.1
Brazil	20	10	15	1.4	1.5	1.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	15	20	2.7	2.2	2.5
Jamaica	25	25	0	1.7	3.7	0.0
Mexico	35	20	15	2.4	3.0	1.9
United States of America	40	20	20	2.7	3.0	2.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	30	60	5.8	4.4	7.6
Europe	330	150	185	22.5	22.2	23.4
France	45	15	25	3.1	2.2	3.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	30	20	3.4	4.4	2.5
Ukraine	75	30	40	5.1	4.4	5.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	155	60	95	10.6	8.9	12.0
Africa	700	330	365	47.8	48.9	46.2
Algeria	105	45	60	7.2	6.7	7.6
Burundi	75	25	45	5.1	3.7	5.7
Cameroon	175	80	100	11.9	11.9	12.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	45	20	4.8	6.7	2.5
Côte d'Ivoire	60	15	45	4.1	2.2	5.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	10	25	2.4	1.5	3.2
Nigeria	25	10	10	1.7	1.5	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	50	45	6.8	7.4	5.7
Asia	180	80	100	12.3	11.9	12.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25	3.1	3.0	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.5
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	15	1.7	0.0	1.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	1.7	2.2	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,345	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	15,030	7,490	7,535	13.4	13.4	13.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,080	6,070	6,000	10.8	10.8	10.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,240	42,430	42,805	75.9	75.8	76.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,690	5,655	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,420	3,275	3,145	54.9	57.9	52.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,715	1,595	1,120	23.2	28.2	18.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,700	1,675	2,025	31.7	29.6	33.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,035	1,285	1,745	26.0	22.7	28.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,040	1,000	1,045	17.5	17.7	17.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	195	100	95	1.7	1.8	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,690	5,655	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,555	755	805	13.3	13.4	13.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	920	490	435	7.9	8.7	7.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	75	125	1.7	1.3	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	255	110	145	2.2	1.9	2.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	35	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,680	4,195	4,480	74.3	74.2	74.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,350	55,995	56,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,860	7,525	7,335	13.2	13.4	13.0
South Asian	905	505	405	0.8	0.9	0.7
Chinese	565	280	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	7,430	3,640	3,790	6.6	6.5	6.7
Filipino	375	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	1,925	1,020	910	1.7	1.8	1.6
Latin American	2,210	1,220	990	2.0	2.2	1.8
Southeast Asian	405	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
West Asian	260	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	440	180	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	97,485	48,470	49,020	86.8	86.6	87.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,350	55,995	56,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	35,360	17,550	17,815	31.5	31.3	31.6
English	4,600	2,325	2,275	4.1	4.2	4.0
Irish	9,115	4,575	4,540	8.1	8.2	8.1
Scottish	5,165	2,540	2,630	4.6	4.5	4.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,890	11,385	11,505	20.4	20.3	20.4
German	2,125	1,055	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
Chinese	755	365	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	4,255	2,295	1,965	3.8	4.1	3.5
Indian (India)	695	375	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	1,160	515	650	1.0	0.9	1.2
Dutch	595	270	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Polish	1,000	535	470	0.9	1.0	0.8
Québécois	12,960	6,720	6,235	11.5	12.0	11.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	835	390	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Filipino	430	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	6,820	3,310	3,510	6.1	5.9	6.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,645	800	835	1.5	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,175	1,025	1,155	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	510	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,145	565	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	985	440	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Norwegian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	785	400	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	765	355	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	1,060	480	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	270	165	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Acadian	1,225	570	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pakistani	210	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,290	640	650	1.1	1.1	1.2
Jewish	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	870	425	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greek	595	285	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jamaican	675	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	875	410	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	265	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	215	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,525	790	740	1.4	1.4	1.3
Danish	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	500	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	785	365	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	1,120	530	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hindu	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	595	355	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	335	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	170	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	415	210	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	260	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	620	320	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Czech	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	170	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afghan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	610	310	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Brazilian	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	385	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
African Caribbean	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	275	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algonquin	255	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	395	195	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nova Scotian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	115	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	590	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	190	125	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	350	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
African American	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	530	270	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guatemalan	175	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	380	155	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norman	85	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,350	55,995	56,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	77,160	37,550	39,610	68.7	67.1	70.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,135	3,625	3,515	6.4	6.5	6.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,395	620	775	1.2	1.1	1.4
Baptist	450	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	60,890	29,680	31,210	54.2	53.0	55.4
Christian Orthodox	2,015	925	1,090	1.8	1.7	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	640	285	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	860	405	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	415	230	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Reformed	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	760	355	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,335	1,080	1,255	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	3,925	1,945	1,980	3.5	3.5	3.5
Sikh	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	30,165	15,950	14,215	26.8	28.5	25.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,115	55,385	55,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,020	49,965	50,055	90.0	90.2	89.8
Movers	11,090	5,420	5,670	10.0	9.8	10.2
Non-migrants	3,965	1,930	2,040	3.6	3.5	3.7
Migrants	7,125	3,490	3,635	6.4	6.3	6.5
Internal migrants	6,855	3,340	3,515	6.2	6.0	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,670	3,260	3,405	6.0	5.9	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	190	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	270	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,630	52,505	53,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,315	33,925	33,385	63.7	64.6	62.8
Movers	38,315	18,575	19,735	36.3	35.4	37.1
Non-migrants	9,905	4,820	5,085	9.4	9.2	9.6
Migrants	28,415	13,755	14,655	26.9	26.2	27.6
Internal migrants	26,965	12,995	13,965	25.5	24.8	26.3
Intraprovincial migrants	26,335	12,700	13,630	24.9	24.2	25.7
Interprovincial migrants	630	300	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	1,445	755	690	1.4	1.4	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,850	44,950	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,540	11,960	9,580	23.7	26.6	20.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,305	32,990	36,315	76.3	73.4	79.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,095	29,325	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,040	6,160	3,870	17.0	21.0	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,055	23,165	25,895	83.0	79.0	87.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,845	44,955	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,155	10,300	8,855	21.1	22.9	19.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,510	11,740	11,765	25.9	26.1	25.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,185	22,915	25,275	53.0	51.0	55.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,265	17,645	17,625	38.8	39.3	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,310	10,405	6,905	19.1	23.1	15.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,300	6,365	5,935	13.5	14.2	12.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,005	4,040	970	5.5	9.0	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,270	6,180	9,090	16.8	13.7	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,685	1,050	1,630	3.0	2.3	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,920	5,270	7,650	14.2	11.7	16.7
Bachelor's degree	9,135	3,640	5,495	10.1	8.1	12.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,245	485	760	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,065	940	1,130	2.3	2.1	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,095	29,330	29,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,295	4,980	3,320	14.0	17.0	11.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,045	6,745	6,295	22.1	23.0	21.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,755	17,600	20,155	63.9	60.0	67.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,050	13,490	13,570	45.8	46.0	45.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,725	8,075	5,645	23.2	27.5	19.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,845	4,970	4,875	16.7	16.9	16.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,875	3,105	770	6.6	10.6	2.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,360	4,605	6,760	19.2	15.7	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,975	805	1,170	3.3	2.7	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,700	4,115	6,585	18.1	14.0	22.1
Bachelor's degree	7,520	2,820	4,700	12.7	9.6	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,030	370	660	1.7	1.3	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	40	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
Master's degree	1,780	775	1,010	3.0	2.6	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	110	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,850	44,955	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,660	22,040	20,620	47.0	49.0	44.9
Education	3,175	665	2,510	3.5	1.5	5.5
13. Education	3,175	665	2,510	3.5	1.5	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,565	685	880	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	190	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,305	500	805	1.4	1.1	1.8
Humanities	2,020	720	1,305	2.2	1.6	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260	50	210	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	130	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,090	390	700	1.2	0.9	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,285	1,085	3,205	4.7	2.4	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	110	275	0.4	0.2	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,105	40	1,060	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	705	250	460	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	20	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	510	85	425	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	1,430	580	850	1.6	1.3	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,130	3,045	7,085	11.2	6.8	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	520	70	455	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,590	2,970	6,620	10.6	6.6	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,320	675	640	1.5	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	160	255	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	120	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	150	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	400	280	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,570	1,150	420	1.7	2.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,390	1,070	325	1.5	2.4	0.7
25. Library science	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,925	11,005	920	13.1	24.5	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,345	1,100	240	1.5	2.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,045	1,790	250	2.3	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,285	3,185	100	3.6	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,155	3,050	105	3.5	6.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,840	1,745	95	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,430	885	545	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,270	775	495	1.4	1.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	115	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	6,475	825	5,650	7.1	1.8	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,105	660	5,445	6.7	1.5	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,265	2,165	2,105	4.7	4.8	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,160	435	1,730	2.4	1.0	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	910	680	235	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,185	1,050	130	1.3	2.3	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,095	29,325	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,340	11,720	9,615	36.1	40.0	32.3
Education	2,250	425	1,820	3.8	1.4	6.1
13. Education	2,250	425	1,820	3.8	1.4	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,200	500	695	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	135	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,000	365	635	1.7	1.2	2.1
Humanities	1,290	450	840	2.2	1.5	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	165	35	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	230	435	1.1	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,405	815	2,590	5.8	2.8	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	95	230	0.5	0.3	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	15	905	1.5	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	600	200	400	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	385	70	315	0.7	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,060	425	640	1.8	1.4	2.2
Business, management and public administration	8,065	2,280	5,790	13.6	7.8	19.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425	40	385	0.7	0.1	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,630	2,230	5,405	12.9	7.6	18.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	975	510	470	1.6	1.7	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	130	230	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	310	210	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,335	965	370	2.3	3.3	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,195	905	285	2.0	3.1	1.0
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,415	8,620	790	15.9	29.4	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	200	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,155	940	210	2.0	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,585	1,375	210	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,545	2,460	90	4.3	8.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,535	2,445	90	4.3	8.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,395	1,315	85	2.4	4.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	640	455	1.9	2.2	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	970	560	410	1.6	1.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,220	610	4,605	8.8	2.1	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	100	165	0.4	0.3	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,940	510	4,425	8.4	1.7	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,500	1,780	1,720	5.9	6.1	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,770	345	1,425	3.0	1.2	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	730	555	175	1.2	1.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	995	885	115	1.7	3.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,095	29,325	29,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,340	11,720	9,615	36.1	40.0	32.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,755	17,605	20,155	63.9	60.0	67.7
Location of study inside Canada	33,750	15,580	18,165	57.1	53.1	61.0
Same as province or territory of residence	32,905	15,175	17,735	55.7	51.7	59.6
Different than province or territory of residence	840	405	435	1.4	1.4	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,010	2,020	1,985	6.8	6.9	6.7
Americas	900	505	395	1.5	1.7	1.3
United States of America	205	130	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	125	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Europe	1,400	710	690	2.4	2.4	2.3
Belgium	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	345	200	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	255	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Poland	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	170	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	1,065	515	550	1.8	1.8	1.8
Nigeria	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	325	155	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
Morocco	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	420	200	215	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asia	625	275	345	1.1	0.9	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,850	44,950	45,895	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,255	31,270	28,980	...	...	...
Employed	56,380	29,255	27,120	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,870	2,015	1,860	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,595	13,685	16,915	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.3	69.6	63.1	66.3	69.6	63.1
Employment rate	62.1	65.1	59.1	62.1	65.1	59.1
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,850	44,955	45,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,625	13,620	17,010	33.7	30.3	37.1
Worked	60,220	31,335	28,890	66.3	69.7	62.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,265	18,195	15,065	36.6	40.5	32.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,960	13,135	13,820	29.7	29.2	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,255	31,275	28,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,140	550	585	1.9	1.8	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,115	30,720	28,395	98.1	98.2	98.0
Employee	51,850	26,270	25,585	86.1	84.0	88.3
Permanent position	44,745	22,960	21,785	74.3	73.4	75.2
Temporary position	7,105	3,305	3,800	11.8	10.6	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,865	730	1,130	3.1	2.3	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,240	2,575	2,670	8.7	8.2	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,255	4,450	2,810	12.0	14.2	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,255	31,275	28,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,140	550	585	1.9	1.8	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,115	30,720	28,395	98.1	98.2	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	925	670	260	1.5	2.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,075	2,800	7,280	16.7	9.0	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,600	2,800	795	6.0	9.0	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,000	650	4,355	8.3	2.1	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,465	1,500	4,960	10.7	4.8	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,275	590	680	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	13,685	5,960	7,730	22.7	19.1	26.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,150	12,145	1,005	21.8	38.8	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,165	1,660	505	3.6	5.3	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,775	1,950	825	4.6	6.2	2.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,255	31,275	28,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,140	550	585	1.9	1.8	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	59,115	30,720	28,395	98.1	98.2	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,465	1,650	815	4.1	5.3	2.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	160	130	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	355	275	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	5,430	4,700	730	9.0	15.0	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	6,255	4,385	1,870	10.4	14.0	6.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,485	1,695	790	4.1	5.4	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,030	3,330	3,700	11.7	10.6	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,360	3,260	1,095	7.2	10.4	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	975	525	450	1.6	1.7	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,985	685	1,300	3.3	2.2	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	745	375	370	1.2	1.2	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,365	1,720	1,645	5.6	5.5	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,370	1,450	925	3.9	4.6	3.2
61 Educational services	3,860	940	2,920	6.4	3.0	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	8,405	1,220	7,190	13.9	3.9	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	815	460	360	1.4	1.5	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,595	1,060	1,535	4.3	3.4	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,655	1,385	1,275	4.4	4.4	4.4
91 Public administration	2,750	1,470	1,280	4.6	4.7	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,675	33,045	30,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	5,270	2,855	2,415	8.3	8.6	7.9
French	36,170	18,675	17,495	56.8	56.5	57.1
Non-official language	285	210	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	285	210	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
English and French	20,960	10,795	10,160	32.9	32.7	33.2
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	325	185	140	0.5	0.6	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	555	270	285	0.9	0.8	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,675	33,045	30,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,190	30,765	28,425	93.0	93.1	92.8
Official languages	58,755	30,455	28,300	92.3	92.2	92.4
English	9,735	5,175	4,560	15.3	15.7	14.9
French	49,015	25,275	23,740	77.0	76.5	77.5
Non-official languages	435	310	130	0.7	0.9	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	435	310	130	0.7	0.9	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	355	265	85	0.6	0.8	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	300	245	60	0.5	0.7	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	285	240	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,490	2,280	2,205	7.1	6.9	7.2
English and French	4,335	2,200	2,140	6.8	6.7	7.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,675	33,045	30,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,065	23,950	22,115	72.3	72.5	72.2
English	12,475	6,425	6,045	19.6	19.4	19.7
French	4,405	2,315	2,090	6.9	7.0	6.8
Non-official language	365	180	180	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	365	180	180	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	240	100	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,380	29,260	27,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,925	4,555	5,375	17.6	15.6	19.8
Worked outside Canada	130	105	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,160	5,540	1,625	12.7	18.9	6.0
Usual place of work	39,165	19,065	20,100	69.5	65.2	74.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,165	19,060	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,975	4,795	6,185	28.0	25.2	30.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,625	2,975	3,655	16.9	15.6	18.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	21,505	11,255	10,250	54.9	59.1	51.0
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,325	24,600	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,820	22,740	19,075	90.3	92.4	87.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,485	21,685	17,795	85.2	88.2	81.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,330	1,055	1,285	5.0	4.3	5.9
Public transit	1,935	715	1,225	4.2	2.9	5.6
Walked	1,700	705	1,000	3.7	2.9	4.6
Bicycle	260	180	80	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	615	265	350	1.3	1.1	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,325	24,600	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,905	5,785	7,120	27.9	23.5	32.8
15 to 29 minutes	13,705	7,185	6,520	29.6	29.2	30.0
30 to 44 minutes	12,155	7,120	5,040	26.2	28.9	23.2
45 to 59 minutes	4,510	2,720	1,795	9.7	11.1	8.3
60 minutes and over	3,045	1,790	1,250	6.6	7.3	5.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,325	24,600	21,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,335	4,190	1,150	11.5	17.0	5.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,905	6,075	3,830	21.4	24.7	17.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,840	5,775	7,065	27.7	23.5	32.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,950	2,595	4,350	15.0	10.5	20.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,785	1,455	2,330	8.2	5.9	10.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,515	4,515	2,995	16.2	18.4	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,890	13,285	12,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,255	3,275	2,975	24.2	24.7	23.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,640	10,010	9,625	75.9	75.3	76.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,700	9,600	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,535	2,365	2,170	24.3	24.6	23.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,645	1,895	1,745	19.5	19.7	19.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	895	470	425	4.8	4.9	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,165	7,235	6,930	75.7	75.4	76.2

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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