Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Châteauguay--LacolleMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	105,111	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	97,887	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,163	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,946	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	116.3	...	...	116.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	903.49	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,110	52,415	52,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,810	10,160	9,650	18.8	19.4	18.3
0 to 4 years	6,120	3,130	2,985	5.8	6.0	5.7
5 to 9 years	6,785	3,485	3,305	6.5	6.6	6.3
10 to 14 years	6,900	3,535	3,360	6.6	6.7	6.4
15 to 64 years	66,355	33,430	32,925	63.1	63.8	62.5
15 to 19 years	6,010	3,090	2,920	5.7	5.9	5.5
20 to 24 years	5,310	2,750	2,560	5.1	5.2	4.9
25 to 29 years	5,885	3,020	2,865	5.6	5.8	5.4
30 to 34 years	6,425	3,150	3,280	6.1	6.0	6.2
35 to 39 years	7,000	3,500	3,500	6.7	6.7	6.6
40 to 44 years	7,500	3,740	3,760	7.1	7.1	7.1
45 to 49 years	6,580	3,330	3,245	6.3	6.4	6.2
50 to 54 years	6,635	3,325	3,310	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	7,660	3,925	3,735	7.3	7.5	7.1
60 to 64 years	7,355	3,605	3,750	7.0	6.9	7.1
65 years and over	18,945	8,830	10,120	18.0	16.8	19.2
65 to 69 years	5,855	2,850	3,010	5.6	5.4	5.7
70 to 74 years	4,805	2,335	2,475	4.6	4.5	4.7
75 to 79 years	3,470	1,635	1,840	3.3	3.1	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,450	1,055	1,400	2.3	2.0	2.7
85 years and over	2,360	960	1,405	2.2	1.8	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,615	675	940	1.5	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	620	250	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.4	18.3	18.8	19.4	18.3
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.8	62.5	63.1	63.8	62.5
65 years and over	18.0	16.8	19.2	18.0	16.8	19.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.8	2.7	2.2	1.8	2.7
Average age of the population	41.0	40.3	41.8	41.0	40.3	41.8
Median age of the population	41.2	40.8	42.0	41.2	40.8	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,250	...	...	66.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,370	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	865	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,460	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,405	...	...	20.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,805	...	...	26.4	...	...
2 persons	13,990	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	6,355	...	...	15.5	...	...
4 persons	6,065	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,725	...	...	9.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	102,615	50,960	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	85,305	42,255	43,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,700	25,540	25,160	59.4	60.4	58.5
Married	30,370	15,385	14,985	35.6	36.4	34.8
Living common-law	20,330	10,150	10,180	23.8	24.0	23.6
Living common law - Never married	16,550	8,245	8,310	19.4	19.5	19.3
Living common law - Separated	215	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,165	1,615	1,555	3.7	3.8	3.6
Living common law - Widowed	395	170	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	34,605	16,720	17,880	40.6	39.6	41.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,605	12,925	10,685	27.7	30.6	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,180	535	640	1.4	1.3	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,130	2,105	3,025	6.0	5.0	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,690	1,155	3,535	5.5	2.7	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,485	...	...	48.9	...	...
3 persons	6,275	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	5,890	...	...	19.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,995	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,705	...	...	83.3	...	...
Married couples	14,545	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,170	...	...	24.2	...	...
Without children	7,380	...	...	24.9	...	...
Common-law couples	10,160	...	...	34.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,850	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	4,320	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,940	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,610	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,330	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	102,615	50,965	51,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,400	43,625	43,770	85.2	85.6	84.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,415	24,685	24,725	48.2	48.4	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,940	1,330	3,610	4.8	2.6	7.0
Children⁶	33,045	17,610	15,435	32.2	34.6	29.9
In a two-parent family	25,115	13,255	11,860	24.5	26.0	23.0
In a one-parent family	7,930	4,350	3,580	7.7	8.5	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,220	7,340	7,880	14.8	14.4	15.3
Living alone	10,805	5,080	5,725	10.5	10.0	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,240	975	1,265	2.2	1.9	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,170	1,285	890	2.1	2.5	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,925	...	...	65.8	...	...
Couple-family households	22,835	...	...	55.8	...	...
With children⁶	12,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
Without children	10,825	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,085	...	...	10.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	930	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,075	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,050	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	10,805	...	...	26.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	82,825	40,815	42,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,485	39,695	40,790	97.2	97.3	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	37,600	42,000	46,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,495	39,705	40,795	97.2	97.3	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	34,000	37,200	40,400	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,705	36,665	36,040	87.8	89.8	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	27,600	34,400	41,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,815	31,040	28,780	72.2	76.1	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	31,800	37,600	44,000	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,540	30,840	35,700	80.3	75.6	85.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	9,700	12,700	11,500	9,700	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,570	5,390	5,175	12.8	13.2	12.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,760	5,560	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,330	12,105	11,220	28.2	29.7	26.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	8,000	6,500	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	82,875	40,830	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,530	39,745	40,785	97.2	97.3	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	54,150	43,640	48,840	54,150	43,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,550	39,750	40,800	97.2	97.4	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,960	37,520	40,680	43,960	37,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,835	36,635	36,195	87.9	89.7	86.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	49,360	35,560	42,520	49,360	35,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,955	31,090	28,870	72.3	76.1	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	49,280	38,120	43,920	49,280	38,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,515	30,800	35,710	80.3	75.4	84.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,570	11,160	13,800	12,570	11,160	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,590	5,470	5,125	12.8	13.4	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,020	5,955	8,150	7,020	5,955	8,150
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,930	12,015	10,915	27.7	29.4	26.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,020	7,710	8,370	8,020	7,710	8,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	82,870	40,830	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,870	16,140	13,735	36.0	39.5	32.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	62,400	51,600	56,800	62,400	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,250	68,700	56,950	63,250	68,700	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,660	11,535	12,125	28.6	28.3	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,400	16,600	19,400	23,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,920	32,920	23,140	27,920	32,920	23,140
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	84.0	72.4	78.8	84.0	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	71.2	61.9	67.0	71.2	61.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3	16.0	27.7	21.3	16.0	27.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.8	6.2	5.5	4.8	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.3	5.1	4.7	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	82,825	40,815	42,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,345	1,115	1,225	2.8	2.7	2.9
With total income	80,485	39,700	40,785	97.2	97.3	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,445	2,410	3,035	6.8	6.1	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,220	3,600	5,620	11.5	9.1	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,925	5,645	7,285	16.1	14.2	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	10,480	4,745	5,740	13.0	12.0	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,530	5,030	5,500	13.1	12.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,780	4,385	4,395	10.9	11.0	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,690	3,705	2,985	8.3	9.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,975	2,910	2,065	6.2	7.3	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,670	2,210	1,455	4.6	5.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	1,445	930	3.0	3.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,395	3,610	1,785	6.7	9.1	4.4
$100,000 to $149,999	4,145	2,705	1,435	5.2	6.8	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,255	905	355	1.6	2.3	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	82,825	40,815	42,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,330	1,110	1,220	2.8	2.7	2.9
With after-tax income	80,500	39,705	40,795	97.2	97.3	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,805	2,530	3,275	7.2	6.4	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,770	3,905	5,870	12.1	9.8	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	15,075	6,615	8,455	18.7	16.7	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,480	6,505	6,975	16.7	16.4	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,665	6,410	6,255	15.7	16.1	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,225	5,110	4,115	11.5	12.9	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,130	3,480	2,650	7.6	8.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530	2,035	1,495	4.4	5.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,965	1,200	760	2.4	3.0	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,055	680	375	1.3	1.7	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,795	1,230	565	2.2	3.1	1.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,035	695	335	1.3	1.8	0.8
$125,000 and over	760	530	230	0.9	1.3	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	82,825	40,815	42,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,010	9,775	13,240	27.8	23.9	31.5
With employment income	59,815	31,040	28,775	72.2	76.1	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,400	3,770	3,630	12.4	12.1	12.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,655	2,000	2,660	7.8	6.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,195	3,030	4,165	12.0	9.8	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,910	2,575	3,330	9.9	8.3	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,135	2,905	3,225	10.3	9.4	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,445	3,170	3,275	10.8	10.2	11.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,445	2,985	2,460	9.1	9.6	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,570	2,785	1,785	7.6	9.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,520	2,205	1,315	5.9	7.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,765	1,690	1,075	4.6	5.4	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,730	1,110	620	2.9	3.6	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,045	2,815	1,235	6.8	9.1	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,295	1,545	750	3.8	5.0	2.6
$125,000 and over	1,755	1,265	485	2.9	4.1	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	82,825	40,815	42,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,920	38,855	40,065	95.3	95.2	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	34,800	40,000	45,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,950	38,860	40,095	95.3	95.2	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	31,600	35,600	39,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,700	36,180	35,520	86.6	88.6	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,800	29,200	35,600	42,800	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,815	30,965	28,850	72.2	75.9	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	32,400	38,400	44,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,020	26,950	33,065	72.5	66.0	78.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	5,600	9,900	8,300	5,600	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,815	5,135	4,680	11.9	12.6	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,400	5,240	4,720	4,400	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	82,875	40,830	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,870	38,820	40,050	95.2	95.1	95.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,480	52,400	40,720	46,480	52,400	40,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,900	38,820	40,075	95.2	95.1	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	42,440	34,880	38,600	42,440	34,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,770	36,115	35,660	86.6	88.5	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,840	50,040	35,560	42,840	50,040	35,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,010	30,965	29,045	72.4	75.8	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,920	49,880	37,560	43,920	49,880	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,255	27,180	33,070	72.7	66.6	78.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,360	10,980	9,800	8,360	10,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,890	5,345	4,545	11.9	13.1	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960	5,600	8,560	6,960	5,600	8,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	82,870	40,830	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,770	16,090	13,675	35.9	39.4	32.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	60,400	47,200	53,600	60,400	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,600	65,700	52,350	59,600	65,700	52,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,305	10,900	11,410	26.9	26.7	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	31,000	22,400	25,200	31,000	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,880	38,760	27,200	32,880	38,760	27,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	88.8	77.8	83.8	88.8	77.8
Employment income (%)	71.8	76.0	66.8	71.8	76.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)	16.1	11.2	22.3	16.1	11.2	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.5	2.4	1.9	1.5	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,120	...	...	46,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,840	...	...	38,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,145	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,800	...	...	94,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	605	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,840	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,350	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,585	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,670	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,110	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,060	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,795	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,720	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,120	...	...	39.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,605	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,970	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,165	...	...	10.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,385	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	645	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,975	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,630	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,485	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,035	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,990	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,855	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,870	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,310	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,920	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,640	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,510	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,090	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,045	...	...	7.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,975	6,355	6,620	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	42,000	34,400	38,000	42,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	31,400	34,000	36,800	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...	116,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,935	6,250	6,680	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,120	49,920	40,640	45,120	49,920	40,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,680	35,520	38,000	40,680	35,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	102,620	50,965	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,480	12,035	11,440	22.9	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	7,425	3,790	3,635	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years	61,370	30,615	30,755	59.8	60.1	59.5
65 years and over	17,765	8,310	9,455	17.3	16.3	18.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,755	3,920	4,835	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,760	945	815	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	615	320	295	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,110	1,935	2,170	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,890	1,045	1,845	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	7.7	9.4	8.5	7.7	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.8	7.1	7.5	7.8	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.2	8.4	8.1	8.2	8.4	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.3	7.1	6.7	6.3	7.1
65 years and over (%)	16.3	12.6	19.5	16.3	12.6	19.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	102,615	50,965	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,480	12,035	11,445	22.9	23.6	22.2
0 to 5 years	7,425	3,785	3,635	7.2	7.4	7.0
18 to 64 years	61,375	30,615	30,760	59.8	60.1	59.5
65 years and over	17,765	8,315	9,450	17.3	16.3	18.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,350	1,180	1,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	395	215	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,695	855	840	...	...	...
65 years and over	260	110	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	102,620	50,965	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,360	26,820	28,545	53.9	52.6	55.3
In bottom decile	7,230	3,340	3,890	7.0	6.6	7.5
In second decile	9,970	4,650	5,320	9.7	9.1	10.3
In third decile	11,840	5,765	6,070	11.5	11.3	11.8
In fourth decile	12,955	6,410	6,545	12.6	12.6	12.7
In fifth decile	13,370	6,655	6,715	13.0	13.1	13.0
In top half of the distribution	47,260	24,150	23,115	46.1	47.4	44.7
In sixth decile	12,780	6,550	6,225	12.5	12.9	12.1
In seventh decile	12,220	6,200	6,020	11.9	12.2	11.7
In eighth decile	10,065	5,130	4,930	9.8	10.1	9.5
In ninth decile	7,785	3,985	3,800	7.6	7.8	7.4
In top decile	4,410	2,280	2,135	4.3	4.5	4.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	102,615	...	...	102,615	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.236	...	...	0.236	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,585	52,210	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	7,020	3,505	3,510	6.7	6.7	6.7
French only	44,055	21,050	23,005	42.1	40.3	43.9
English and French	52,850	27,290	25,560	50.5	52.3	48.8
Neither English nor French	665	365	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,585	52,210	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,850	9,355	9,495	18.0	17.9	18.1
French	81,290	40,555	40,730	77.7	77.7	77.8
English and French	3,815	1,955	1,860	3.6	3.7	3.6
Neither English nor French	630	345	290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,585	52,210	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,535	50,185	50,355	96.1	96.1	96.1
Official languages	90,250	44,980	45,275	86.3	86.2	86.4
English	15,175	7,490	7,680	14.5	14.3	14.7
French	75,075	37,485	37,595	71.8	71.8	71.8
Non-official languages	10,290	5,210	5,080	9.8	10.0	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,265	5,200	5,060	9.8	10.0	9.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,540	810	735	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	350	185	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,160	605	560	1.1	1.2	1.1
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,120	590	535	1.1	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	375	195	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian Creole	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,705	3,425	3,280	6.4	6.6	6.3
Albanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,875	905	965	1.8	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,865	905	960	1.8	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	295	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,220	590	625	1.2	1.1	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	570	295	275	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,820	1,990	1,830	3.7	3.8	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	600	320	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	705	355	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,175	1,160	1,020	2.1	2.2	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	580	285	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	355	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	355	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,050	2,025	2,025	3.9	3.9	3.9
English and French	2,480	1,270	1,210	2.4	2.4	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	425	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	765	365	395	0.7	0.7	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,585	52,210	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,400	7,140	7,260	13.8	13.7	13.9
French	71,805	35,945	35,865	68.7	68.8	68.5
Non-official language	3,120	1,605	1,520	3.0	3.1	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,120	1,605	1,510	3.0	3.1	2.9
English and French	7,400	3,670	3,735	7.1	7.0	7.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,415	680	735	1.4	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	3,530	1,705	1,825	3.4	3.3	3.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,745	1,390	1,360	2.6	2.7	2.6
Multiple non-official languages	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,585	52,210	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,575	50,310	50,265	96.2	96.4	96.0
Official languages	94,815	47,400	47,415	90.7	90.8	90.5
English	17,590	8,720	8,870	16.8	16.7	16.9
French	77,220	38,680	38,540	73.8	74.1	73.6
Non-official languages	5,760	2,910	2,855	5.5	5.6	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,760	2,910	2,850	5.5	5.6	5.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	685	340	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	535	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,145	2,120	2,025	4.0	4.1	3.9
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,470	740	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,470	735	730	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,100	550	550	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,200	1,150	1,050	2.1	2.2	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	495	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,455	790	665	1.4	1.5	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,010	1,905	2,110	3.8	3.6	4.0
English and French	2,085	1,000	1,080	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	1,050	490	550	1.0	0.9	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	400	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,585	52,210	52,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,590	46,220	46,365	88.5	88.5	88.5
English	4,030	2,025	2,010	3.9	3.9	3.8
French	3,470	1,695	1,775	3.3	3.2	3.4
Non-official language	2,420	1,195	1,220	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,405	1,190	1,210	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and French	665	340	330	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	660	355	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	530	270	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,985	50,590	51,400	99.3	99.2	99.5
English	59,630	30,765	28,865	58.1	60.3	55.9
French	94,930	47,005	47,925	92.5	92.2	92.8
Non-official languages	16,555	8,115	8,440	16.1	15.9	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,515	8,105	8,410	16.1	15.9	16.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,715	1,335	1,380	2.6	2.6	2.7
Berber languages	580	285	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kabyle	540	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamazight	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,355	1,160	1,195	2.3	2.3	2.3
Amharic	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	2,105	1,060	1,050	2.1	2.1	2.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	175	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	115	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	880	425	455	0.9	0.8	0.9
Haitian Creole	535	245	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sango	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,685	5,285	5,400	10.4	10.4	10.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,410	1,175	1,235	2.3	2.3	2.4
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,400	1,170	1,230	2.3	2.3	2.4
Belarusian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	305	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,730	840	890	1.7	1.6	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	245	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	880	470	405	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	620	340	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,155	3,515	3,640	7.0	6.9	7.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,230	670	555	1.2	1.3	1.1
Portuguese	625	310	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	995	445	550	1.0	0.9	1.1
Spanish	4,650	2,265	2,380	4.5	4.4	4.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,215	560	655	1.2	1.1	1.3
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mòoré	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	260	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	505	260	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	195	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,550	1,185	1,370	2.5	2.3	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,380	1,120	1,255	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,640	775	865	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	705	335	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	100,100	49,800	50,300	97.5	97.7	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	955	430	525	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,695	50,560	51,140	99.1	99.2	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,245	...	...	73.9	...	...
Renter	10,700	...	...	26.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,650	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not condominium	37,290	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,555	...	...	8.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,380	...	...	25.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,525	...	...	37.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,385	...	...	27.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,545	...	...	23.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,150	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	5,740	...	...	14.0	...	...
7 rooms	6,250	...	...	15.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,255	...	...	32.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	40,605	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	335	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,870	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,080	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,585	...	...	18.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,655	...	...	30.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,190	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,585	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,100	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,730	...	...	9.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,235	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,860	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,610	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,340	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,280	...	...	49.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,425	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,245	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	595	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,145	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,660	...	...	18.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,405	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,780	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,325	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,615	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,425	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,470	...	...	85.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,985	...	...	14.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,665	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,810	...	...	21.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,495	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not suitable only	900	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,825	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,135	...	...	78.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,175	...	...	5.4	...	...
Not in core need	37,960	...	...	94.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.6	...	...	67.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,253	...	...	1,253	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	364,000	...	...	364,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,650	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.1	...	...	28.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	925	...	...	925	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,735	800	935	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,725	795	935	1.7	1.6	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,520	700	825	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis single ancestry	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,925	1,390	1,535	2.8	2.7	3.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,920	1,390	1,530	2.8	2.7	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,650	1,265	1,380	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,995	48,795	49,205	95.5	95.7	95.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	102,650	50,985	51,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,300	49,275	50,025	96.7	96.6	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,900	11,795	11,100	22.3	23.1	21.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,400	37,475	38,925	74.4	73.5	75.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,355	1,715	1,645	3.3	3.4	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	102,650	50,985	51,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	88,630	43,975	44,655	86.3	86.3	86.4
Immigrants⁸¹	13,340	6,570	6,770	13.0	12.9	13.1
Before 1980	1,910	1,040	875	1.9	2.0	1.7
1980 to 1990	1,080	460	615	1.1	0.9	1.2
1991 to 2000	2,025	1,050	975	2.0	2.1	1.9
2001 to 2010	4,425	2,155	2,270	4.3	4.2	4.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,900	1,865	2,035	3.8	3.7	3.9
2011 to 2015	2,470	1,210	1,265	2.4	2.4	2.4
2016 to 2021	1,425	655	765	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	685	435	250	0.7	0.9	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,340	6,570	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,385	765	620	10.4	11.6	9.2
5 to 14 years	2,450	1,260	1,195	18.4	19.2	17.7
15 to 24 years	2,145	885	1,255	16.1	13.5	18.5
25 to 44 years	6,585	3,275	3,315	49.4	49.8	49.0
45 years and over	775	390	380	5.8	5.9	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,340	6,570	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,410	1,575	1,835	25.6	24.0	27.1
Brazil	205	95	105	1.5	1.4	1.6
Colombia	240	125	115	1.8	1.9	1.7
El Salvador	215	90	120	1.6	1.4	1.8
Guyana	80	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Haiti	460	205	255	3.4	3.1	3.8
Jamaica	280	130	150	2.1	2.0	2.2
Mexico	260	125	130	1.9	1.9	1.9
Peru	115	55	60	0.9	0.8	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	165	60	105	1.2	0.9	1.6
United States of America	300	140	160	2.2	2.1	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	1,090	500	590	8.2	7.6	8.7
Europe	3,880	1,955	1,925	29.1	29.8	28.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatia	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	570	310	260	4.3	4.7	3.8
Germany	145	85	65	1.1	1.3	1.0
Greece	55	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hungary	50	40	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Italy	345	205	140	2.6	3.1	2.1
Netherlands	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Poland	200	70	125	1.5	1.1	1.8
Portugal	120	55	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
Romania	430	190	240	3.2	2.9	3.5
Russian Federation	305	150	160	2.3	2.3	2.4
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	340	175	165	2.5	2.7	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	90	65	1.1	1.4	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,065	520	550	8.0	7.9	8.1
Africa	4,155	2,090	2,060	31.1	31.8	30.4
Algeria	800	415	390	6.0	6.3	5.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	270	130	140	2.0	2.0	2.1
Egypt	125	85	40	0.9	1.3	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	615	320	295	4.6	4.9	4.4
Nigeria	210	120	90	1.6	1.8	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	2,105	1,025	1,080	15.8	15.6	16.0
Asia	1,880	935	940	14.1	14.2	13.9
Afghanistan	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	180	95	85	1.3	1.4	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	105	60	45	0.8	0.9	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	70	45	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
Turkey	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	250	115	130	1.9	1.8	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	280	105	175	2.1	1.6	2.6
Viet Nam	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bangladesh	105	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
India	130	75	55	1.0	1.1	0.8
Pakistan	95	50	45	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	450	220	230	3.4	3.3	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,425	660	770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	235	110	120	16.5	16.7	15.6
Brazil	25	10	15	1.8	1.5	1.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	40	15	25	2.8	2.3	3.2
Jamaica	20	20	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	2.1	2.3	1.9
United States of America	40	20	20	2.8	3.0	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	75	30	45	5.3	4.5	5.8
Europe	325	145	180	22.8	22.0	23.4
France	40	15	25	2.8	2.3	3.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	50	25	20	3.5	3.8	2.6
Ukraine	70	35	40	4.9	5.3	5.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	160	65	90	11.2	9.8	11.7
Africa	685	325	365	48.1	49.2	47.4
Algeria	110	50	55	7.7	7.6	7.1
Burundi	70	25	45	4.9	3.8	5.8
Cameroon	180	80	95	12.6	12.1	12.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	50	20	4.6	7.6	2.6
Côte d'Ivoire	60	15	50	4.2	2.3	6.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	20	2.1	1.5	2.6
Nigeria	25	15	15	1.8	2.3	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	50	50	6.7	7.6	6.5
Asia	185	80	105	13.0	12.1	13.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	25	3.2	3.0	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	25	0	15	1.8	0.0	1.9
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	1.4	0.0	1.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	10	1.8	3.0	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,455	7,190	7,255	14.1	14.1	14.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,335	5,675	5,660	11.0	11.1	11.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,870	38,120	38,745	74.9	74.8	75.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,430	5,530	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,285	3,185	3,100	55.0	57.6	52.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,655	1,560	1,090	23.2	28.2	18.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,635	1,630	2,005	31.8	29.5	34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,920	1,250	1,665	25.5	22.6	28.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,030	995	1,030	17.8	18.0	17.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	195	100	95	1.7	1.8	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,430	5,530	5,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,540	750	790	13.5	13.6	13.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	875	460	415	7.7	8.3	7.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	75	120	1.7	1.4	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	110	145	2.2	2.0	2.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	30	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,495	4,110	4,390	74.3	74.3	74.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,655	7,395	7,260	14.3	14.5	14.1
South Asian	905	505	405	0.9	1.0	0.8
Chinese	545	265	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	7,380	3,595	3,785	7.2	7.1	7.3
Filipino	370	160	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Arab	1,880	990	895	1.8	1.9	1.7
Latin American	2,155	1,185	970	2.1	2.3	1.9
Southeast Asian	400	210	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	260	150	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	425	175	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,000	43,590	44,410	85.7	85.5	85.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,090	15,805	16,285	31.3	31.0	31.5
English	3,960	2,015	1,950	3.9	4.0	3.8
Irish	8,075	4,070	4,005	7.9	8.0	7.8
Scottish	4,305	2,105	2,200	4.2	4.1	4.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,550	10,225	10,320	20.0	20.1	20.0
German	1,895	935	955	1.8	1.8	1.8
Chinese	720	345	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	4,015	2,160	1,850	3.9	4.2	3.6
Indian (India)	685	365	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ukrainian	1,095	485	610	1.1	1.0	1.2
Dutch	440	200	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Polish	980	530	455	1.0	1.0	0.9
Québécois	11,735	6,055	5,680	11.4	11.9	11.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	725	325	395	0.7	0.6	0.8
Filipino	425	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	6,210	3,025	3,185	6.0	5.9	6.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,550	760	795	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,915	905	1,010	1.9	1.8	2.0
Métis	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,050	505	540	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	955	420	530	0.9	0.8	1.0
Norwegian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	285	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	750	375	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	625	265	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Spanish	1,020	455	565	1.0	0.9	1.1
Swedish	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	245	155	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Acadian	1,150	545	605	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pakistani	205	130	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,285	640	645	1.3	1.3	1.2
Jewish	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	145	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	865	420	440	0.8	0.8	0.9
Greek	555	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jamaican	665	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	860	400	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	260	140	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,375	715	665	1.3	1.4	1.3
Danish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	445	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belgian	715	335	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	1,115	520	590	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hindu	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	560	335	225	0.5	0.7	0.4
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	290	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	265	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	570	285	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Czech	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afghan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	595	305	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Brazilian	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	385	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
African Caribbean	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	280	155	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Algonquin	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	395	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	550	260	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	190	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	350	180	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
African American	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	165	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	525	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guatemalan	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	200	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	380	155	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norman	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	190	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	150	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	102,655	50,985	51,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	70,160	33,910	36,250	68.3	66.5	70.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,665	3,375	3,290	6.5	6.6	6.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,205	525	680	1.2	1.0	1.3
Baptist	440	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catholic	55,495	26,865	28,630	54.1	52.7	55.4
Christian Orthodox	1,920	880	1,045	1.9	1.7	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	580	250	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	830	390	440	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	540	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,095	955	1,140	2.0	1.9	2.2
Hindu	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	3,875	1,920	1,960	3.8	3.8	3.8
Sikh	160	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	170	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	27,540	14,605	12,930	26.8	28.6	25.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	101,530	50,435	51,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,345	45,495	45,850	90.0	90.2	89.7
Movers	10,185	4,935	5,245	10.0	9.8	10.3
Non-migrants	3,730	1,825	1,905	3.7	3.6	3.7
Migrants	6,455	3,110	3,340	6.4	6.2	6.5
Internal migrants	6,235	2,990	3,240	6.1	5.9	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,060	2,930	3,135	6.0	5.8	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,460	47,760	48,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,050	30,650	30,405	63.3	64.2	62.4
Movers	35,410	17,115	18,295	36.7	35.8	37.6
Non-migrants	9,370	4,550	4,815	9.7	9.5	9.9
Migrants	26,040	12,560	13,480	27.0	26.3	27.7
Internal migrants	24,665	11,850	12,815	25.6	24.8	26.3
Intraprovincial migrants	24,060	11,560	12,500	24.9	24.2	25.7
Interprovincial migrants	605	290	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	1,375	710	670	1.4	1.5	1.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,870	40,830	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,260	10,605	8,660	23.2	26.0	20.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,610	30,230	33,380	76.8	74.0	79.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,985	26,765	27,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,825	5,425	3,400	16.3	20.3	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	45,160	21,345	23,815	83.7	79.7	87.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,875	40,830	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,115	9,130	7,985	20.7	22.4	19.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,610	10,765	10,850	26.1	26.4	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,150	20,940	23,210	53.3	51.3	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,130	16,065	16,070	38.8	39.3	38.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,625	9,395	6,235	18.9	23.0	14.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,085	5,705	5,380	13.4	14.0	12.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,545	3,690	855	5.5	9.0	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,000	5,680	8,320	16.9	13.9	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,500	990	1,515	3.0	2.4	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,015	4,875	7,140	14.5	11.9	17.0
Bachelor's degree	8,495	3,365	5,130	10.3	8.2	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,170	450	715	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,920	865	1,060	2.3	2.1	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,990	26,770	27,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,265	4,380	2,885	13.5	16.4	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,885	6,160	5,725	22.0	23.0	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,840	16,230	18,610	64.5	60.6	68.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,765	12,345	12,420	45.9	46.1	45.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,475	7,360	5,115	23.1	27.5	18.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,925	4,500	4,425	16.5	16.8	16.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,550	2,860	690	6.6	10.7	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,415	4,220	6,195	19.3	15.8	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,875	760	1,110	3.5	2.8	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,075	3,885	6,195	18.7	14.5	22.8
Bachelor's degree	7,055	2,645	4,405	13.1	9.9	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980	355	625	1.8	1.3	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	40	105	0.3	0.1	0.4
Master's degree	1,690	740	950	3.1	2.8	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	82,875	40,835	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,725	19,895	18,835	46.7	48.7	44.8
Education	2,895	605	2,285	3.5	1.5	5.4
13. Education	2,895	605	2,285	3.5	1.5	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,410	615	800	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	180	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,170	435	735	1.4	1.1	1.7
Humanities	1,845	635	1,205	2.2	1.6	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	45	185	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,030	360	670	1.2	0.9	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,040	1,035	2,995	4.9	2.5	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	105	270	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,025	45	985	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	670	240	430	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	495	80	410	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,355	555	795	1.6	1.4	1.9
Business, management and public administration	9,410	2,885	6,520	11.4	7.1	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	65	415	0.6	0.2	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,915	2,820	6,095	10.8	6.9	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,235	625	610	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	140	235	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	105	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	380	260	120	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,460	1,075	380	1.8	2.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,285	995	290	1.6	2.4	0.7
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,915	10,070	845	13.2	24.7	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	235	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,280	1,040	235	1.5	2.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,925	1,705	220	2.3	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,950	2,860	90	3.6	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,840	2,745	95	3.4	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,685	1,595	85	2.0	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,065	635	430	1.3	1.6	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	950	560	395	1.1	1.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,955	765	5,185	7.2	1.9	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,605	610	4,990	6.8	1.5	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,900	1,970	1,930	4.7	4.8	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,965	365	1,595	2.4	0.9	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	860	640	225	1.0	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,075	960	110	1.3	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,985	26,770	27,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,150	10,540	8,610	35.5	39.4	31.6
Education	2,060	395	1,665	3.8	1.5	6.1
13. Education	2,060	395	1,665	3.8	1.5	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,080	445	630	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	130	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	900	315	580	1.7	1.2	2.1
Humanities	1,205	410	790	2.2	1.5	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	40	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	640	215	425	1.2	0.8	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,215	785	2,435	6.0	2.9	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	95	225	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	845	15	830	1.6	0.1	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	575	195	380	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	365	65	305	0.7	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,015	405	605	1.9	1.5	2.2
Business, management and public administration	7,555	2,155	5,400	14.0	8.1	19.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	40	355	0.7	0.1	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,165	2,120	5,045	13.3	7.9	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	460	455	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	115	220	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	285	190	100	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,245	910	335	2.3	3.4	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,110	850	255	2.1	3.2	0.9
25. Library science	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,705	7,990	725	16.1	29.8	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,125	915	210	2.1	3.4	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,490	1,310	180	2.8	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,315	2,230	80	4.3	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,305	2,230	75	4.3	8.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,305	1,230	80	2.4	4.6	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	470	375	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	750	415	335	1.4	1.6	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,810	575	4,240	8.9	2.1	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	100	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,540	475	4,065	8.4	1.8	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,185	1,620	1,565	5.9	6.1	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,595	290	1,305	3.0	1.1	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	680	515	165	1.3	1.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	905	810	95	1.7	3.0	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,985	26,770	27,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,150	10,540	8,610	35.5	39.4	31.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,840	16,230	18,610	64.5	60.6	68.4
Location of study inside Canada	30,945	14,265	16,680	57.3	53.3	61.3
Same as province or territory of residence	30,240	13,940	16,300	56.0	52.1	59.9
Different than province or territory of residence	700	325	370	1.3	1.2	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,900	1,965	1,935	7.2	7.3	7.1
Americas	870	490	380	1.6	1.8	1.4
United States of America	180	120	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	170	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	135	60	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	125	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Europe	1,345	680	665	2.5	2.5	2.4
Belgium	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	315	180	135	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	250	110	140	0.5	0.4	0.5
Poland	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	155	90	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	1,050	505	545	1.9	1.9	2.0
Nigeria	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	325	155	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	165	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tunisia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egypt	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	420	205	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
Asia	620	275	345	1.1	1.0	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	130	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	82,875	40,830	42,040	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,310	28,595	26,715	...	...	...
Employed	51,705	26,710	24,995	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,605	1,885	1,720	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,560	12,235	15,325	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.7	70.0	63.5	66.7	70.0	63.5
Employment rate	62.4	65.4	59.5	62.4	65.4	59.5
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.6	6.4	6.5	6.6	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	82,875	40,835	42,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,690	12,180	15,515	33.4	29.8	36.9
Worked	55,180	28,650	26,530	66.6	70.2	63.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,460	16,530	13,930	36.8	40.5	33.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,720	12,120	12,595	29.8	29.7	30.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.6	41.7	42.1	42.6	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,310	28,595	26,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	495	560	1.9	1.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,255	28,100	26,155	98.1	98.3	97.9
Employee	47,945	24,290	23,660	86.7	84.9	88.6
Permanent position	41,385	21,225	20,160	74.8	74.2	75.5
Temporary position	6,555	3,060	3,500	11.9	10.7	13.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,730	685	1,045	3.1	2.4	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,830	2,375	2,455	8.7	8.3	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,310	3,810	2,495	11.4	13.3	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,310	28,595	26,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	495	560	1.9	1.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,255	28,100	26,155	98.1	98.3	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	845	610	235	1.5	2.1	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,520	2,690	6,835	17.2	9.4	25.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,345	2,650	695	6.0	9.3	2.6
3 Health occupations	4,665	610	4,055	8.4	2.1	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,930	1,385	4,545	10.7	4.8	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,165	550	615	2.1	1.9	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	12,815	5,610	7,200	23.2	19.6	27.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,925	11,030	900	21.6	38.6	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,575	1,205	365	2.8	4.2	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,475	1,765	715	4.5	6.2	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,310	28,595	26,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,055	495	560	1.9	1.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	54,255	28,100	26,155	98.1	98.3	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,750	1,165	585	3.2	4.1	2.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	340	265	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	4,940	4,275	665	8.9	15.0	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,800	4,075	1,725	10.5	14.3	6.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,300	1,565	735	4.2	5.5	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,500	3,095	3,400	11.8	10.8	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,035	3,030	1,015	7.3	10.6	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	935	495	440	1.7	1.7	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,915	670	1,250	3.5	2.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	720	365	355	1.3	1.3	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,160	1,650	1,510	5.7	5.8	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,175	1,325	855	3.9	4.6	3.2
61 Educational services	3,530	855	2,680	6.4	3.0	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,875	1,155	6,720	14.2	4.0	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	710	390	320	1.3	1.4	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,440	1,025	1,420	4.4	3.6	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,395	1,235	1,160	4.3	4.3	4.3
91 Public administration	2,575	1,385	1,185	4.7	4.8	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,400	30,215	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,640	2,510	2,135	7.9	8.3	7.6
French	33,005	16,920	16,080	56.5	56.0	57.0
Non-official language	270	205	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	205	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
English and French	19,565	10,100	9,465	33.5	33.4	33.6
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	300	165	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	510	265	245	0.9	0.9	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,400	30,215	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,220	28,080	26,145	92.8	92.9	92.7
Official languages	53,820	27,795	26,020	92.2	92.0	92.3
English	8,770	4,660	4,105	15.0	15.4	14.6
French	45,045	23,130	21,915	77.1	76.6	77.7
Non-official languages	405	285	120	0.7	0.9	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	285	120	0.7	0.9	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	335	250	85	0.6	0.8	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	225	55	0.5	0.7	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	265	220	45	0.5	0.7	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,175	2,130	2,045	7.1	7.0	7.3
English and French	4,030	2,050	1,980	6.9	6.8	7.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,400	30,215	28,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,955	21,690	20,270	71.8	71.8	71.9
English	11,705	6,045	5,665	20.0	20.0	20.1
French	4,055	2,135	1,925	6.9	7.1	6.8
Non-official language	340	175	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	340	175	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	205	95	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	51,705	26,710	24,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,010	4,050	4,960	17.4	15.2	19.8
Worked outside Canada	95	80	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,510	5,025	1,485	12.6	18.8	5.9
Usual place of work	36,090	17,555	18,535	69.8	65.7	74.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,090	17,555	18,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,350	4,500	5,850	28.7	25.6	31.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,855	2,645	3,210	16.2	15.1	17.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,825	10,365	9,455	54.9	59.0	51.0
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,605	22,585	20,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,345	20,835	17,510	90.0	92.3	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,175	19,860	16,320	84.9	87.9	81.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,170	980	1,195	5.1	4.3	6.0
Public transit	1,920	700	1,220	4.5	3.1	6.1
Walked	1,505	620	885	3.5	2.7	4.4
Bicycle	240	165	75	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	595	260	330	1.4	1.2	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,605	22,585	20,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,760	5,220	6,540	27.6	23.1	32.7
15 to 29 minutes	12,715	6,700	6,015	29.8	29.7	30.0
30 to 44 minutes	11,405	6,705	4,700	26.8	29.7	23.5
45 to 59 minutes	4,010	2,395	1,615	9.4	10.6	8.1
60 minutes and over	2,715	1,565	1,145	6.4	6.9	5.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,605	22,585	20,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,865	3,825	1,045	11.4	16.9	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,035	5,510	3,520	21.2	24.4	17.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,715	5,235	6,480	27.5	23.2	32.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,410	2,420	3,990	15.0	10.7	19.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,555	1,390	2,165	8.3	6.2	10.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,025	4,205	2,820	16.5	18.6	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,875	12,240	11,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,535	2,895	2,640	23.2	23.7	22.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,345	9,345	8,995	76.8	76.3	77.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,295	8,880	8,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,025	2,090	1,935	23.3	23.5	23.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,180	1,655	1,525	18.4	18.6	18.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	840	435	400	4.9	4.9	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,275	6,790	6,480	76.8	76.5	77.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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