Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Charlesbourg--Haute-Saint-CharlesMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,305	55,545	57,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,215	9,895	9,320	17.0	17.8	16.1
0 to 4 years	5,620	2,880	2,740	5.0	5.2	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,755	3,550	3,210	6.0	6.4	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,835	3,470	3,370	6.0	6.2	5.8
15 to 64 years	69,345	34,860	34,490	61.2	62.8	59.7
15 to 19 years	5,315	2,700	2,615	4.7	4.9	4.5
20 to 24 years	5,080	2,660	2,420	4.5	4.8	4.2
25 to 29 years	6,160	3,140	3,015	5.4	5.7	5.2
30 to 34 years	6,945	3,405	3,540	6.1	6.1	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,610	3,835	3,780	6.7	6.9	6.5
40 to 44 years	8,340	4,205	4,135	7.4	7.6	7.2
45 to 49 years	7,155	3,695	3,455	6.3	6.7	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,770	3,415	3,355	6.0	6.1	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,910	3,970	3,945	7.0	7.1	6.8
60 to 64 years	8,050	3,825	4,230	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	24,735	10,790	13,945	21.8	19.4	24.1
65 to 69 years	7,135	3,230	3,910	6.3	5.8	6.8
70 to 74 years	6,695	3,030	3,660	5.9	5.5	6.3
75 to 79 years	5,225	2,330	2,900	4.6	4.2	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,025	1,260	1,765	2.7	2.3	3.1
85 years and over	2,665	940	1,715	2.4	1.7	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,710	645	1,075	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	730	255	475	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	190	40	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.1	17.0	17.8	16.1
15 to 64 years	61.2	62.8	59.7	61.2	62.8	59.7
65 years and over	21.8	19.4	24.1	21.8	19.4	24.1
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.0	2.4	1.7	3.0
Average age of the population	43.3	42.0	44.5	43.3	42.0	44.5
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	45.2	43.6	42.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,880	...	...	44.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,585	...	...	7.0	...	...
Row house	1,135	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,340	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,685	...	...	32.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,980	...	...	5.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	725	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	18,065	...	...	35.1	...	...
2 persons	18,710	...	...	36.4	...	...
3 persons	6,315	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	5,875	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,440	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,110	54,655	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,085	45,650	48,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,600	27,780	27,820	59.1	60.9	57.4
Married	27,145	13,565	13,580	28.9	29.7	28.0
Living common-law	28,455	14,215	14,240	30.2	31.1	29.4
Living common law - Never married	23,610	11,750	11,865	25.1	25.7	24.5
Living common law - Separated	230	115	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	4,095	2,130	1,960	4.4	4.7	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	515	225	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	38,485	17,870	20,620	40.9	39.1	42.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,105	13,960	12,145	27.7	30.6	25.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,105	510	600	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,250	2,245	4,005	6.6	4.9	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,025	1,155	3,865	5.3	2.5	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,165	...	...	56.6	...	...
3 persons	6,045	...	...	18.8	...	...
4 persons	5,725	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,160	...	...	6.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,425	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	13,200	...	...	41.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,875	...	...	15.2	...	...
Without children	8,325	...	...	25.9	...	...
Common-law couples	14,220	...	...	44.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,235	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	6,985	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,665	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,250	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,415	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,110	54,650	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	88,800	44,400	44,405	79.9	81.2	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,850	27,405	27,445	49.4	50.1	48.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,665	1,410	3,250	4.2	2.6	5.8
Children⁶	29,290	15,580	13,710	26.4	28.5	24.3
In a two-parent family	22,395	11,835	10,560	20.2	21.7	18.7
In a one-parent family	6,895	3,745	3,145	6.2	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,315	10,255	12,055	20.1	18.8	21.4
Living alone	18,065	7,970	10,100	16.3	14.6	17.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,655	775	880	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,595	1,515	1,080	2.3	2.8	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,835	...	...	60.0	...	...
Couple-family households	26,560	...	...	51.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,750	...	...	22.9	...	...
Without children	14,815	...	...	28.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,270	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	645	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,460	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	18,065	...	...	35.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,920	44,770	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,700	44,180	46,520	98.7	98.7	98.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,400	41,600	45,600	50,400	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,720	44,185	46,530	98.7	98.7	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,200	36,800	40,000	43,200	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,660	41,945	42,715	92.1	93.7	90.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	32,000	38,400	44,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,725	34,445	32,275	72.6	76.9	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,400	38,400	42,000	46,400	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,810	33,710	40,105	80.3	75.3	85.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,900	12,200	11,200	9,900	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,515	5,565	4,945	11.4	12.4	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,360	5,840	5,480	5,360	5,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,040	12,315	10,725	25.1	27.5	22.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,110	44,915	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,900	44,315	46,585	98.7	98.7	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	57,000	46,240	51,500	57,000	46,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,920	44,315	46,600	98.7	98.7	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	46,360	39,160	42,680	46,360	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,005	42,110	42,900	92.3	93.8	90.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,520	51,000	38,120	44,520	51,000	38,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,885	34,500	32,385	72.6	76.8	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,440	50,920	41,680	46,440	50,920	41,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,845	33,835	40,010	80.2	75.3	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,130	11,180	12,940	12,130	11,180	12,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,420	5,550	4,870	11.3	12.4	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,010	5,940	8,230	7,010	5,940	8,230
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,015	12,410	10,600	25.0	27.6	22.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,780	7,530	8,070	7,780	7,530	8,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,110	44,915	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,180	18,700	16,475	38.2	41.6	34.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	63,200	54,800	58,800	63,200	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	70,300	59,900	65,500	70,300	59,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,355	12,185	13,170	27.5	27.1	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	22,600	18,000	20,000	22,600	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,160	31,800	24,820	28,160	31,800	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.0	76.0	80.8	85.0	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	69.6	62.7	66.4	69.6	62.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	15.0	24.0	19.2	15.0	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.7	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,920	44,770	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,220	590	630	1.3	1.3	1.3
With total income	90,700	44,180	46,520	98.7	98.7	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,580	1,965	2,615	5.1	4.5	5.6
$10,000 to $19,999	8,845	3,260	5,590	9.8	7.4	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,310	5,110	7,195	13.6	11.6	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,100	5,295	6,805	13.3	12.0	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,875	6,120	6,755	14.2	13.8	14.5
$50,000 to $59,999	11,180	5,600	5,580	12.3	12.7	12.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,405	4,520	3,890	9.3	10.2	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,235	3,635	2,600	6.9	8.2	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,650	2,685	1,965	5.1	6.1	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,235	1,835	1,405	3.6	4.2	3.0
$100,000 and over	6,270	4,155	2,115	6.9	9.4	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,920	3,165	1,755	5.4	7.2	3.8
$150,000 and over	1,350	990	360	1.5	2.2	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,920	44,770	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,205	580	625	1.3	1.3	1.3
With after-tax income	90,720	44,185	46,535	98.7	98.7	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,090	2,050	3,045	5.6	4.6	6.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,380	3,570	5,805	10.3	8.1	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,890	6,235	8,660	16.4	14.1	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	16,310	7,605	8,705	18.0	17.2	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	15,570	7,830	7,735	17.2	17.7	16.6
$50,000 to $59,999	11,425	6,315	5,105	12.6	14.3	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,605	4,305	3,295	8.4	9.7	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,715	2,570	2,145	5.2	5.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,460	1,445	1,020	2.7	3.3	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,265	830	435	1.4	1.9	0.9
$100,000 and over	1,990	1,425	570	2.2	3.2	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,205	850	355	1.3	1.9	0.8
$125,000 and over	785	575	215	0.9	1.3	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,920	44,770	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,200	10,325	14,875	27.4	23.1	31.5
With employment income	66,725	34,445	32,280	72.6	76.9	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,375	3,940	3,440	11.1	11.4	10.6
$5,000 to $9,999	4,490	1,955	2,525	6.7	5.7	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,145	3,180	3,965	10.7	9.2	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,105	2,730	3,375	9.2	7.9	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	6,525	3,120	3,410	9.8	9.1	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,855	3,655	4,205	11.8	10.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,895	3,545	3,345	10.3	10.3	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,380	3,115	2,270	8.1	9.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,280	2,530	1,750	6.4	7.4	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,635	2,045	1,595	5.4	5.9	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360	1,410	945	3.5	4.1	2.9
$100,000 and over	4,670	3,215	1,450	7.0	9.3	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,760	1,815	945	4.1	5.3	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,910	1,405	505	2.9	4.1	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,920	44,770	47,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,630	43,625	46,005	97.5	97.4	97.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,200	39,600	44,000	49,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,655	43,625	46,030	97.5	97.4	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,000	34,800	38,000	42,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,795	41,570	42,230	91.2	92.9	89.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	33,200	39,200	44,800	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,305	34,645	32,660	73.2	77.4	69.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,400	38,000	42,000	46,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,225	29,960	37,260	73.1	66.9	79.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	6,160	9,400	8,300	6,160	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,290	5,130	4,165	10.1	11.5	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,120	5,280	4,520	4,120	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,110	44,915	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,775	43,800	45,975	97.5	97.5	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	54,950	43,760	49,240	54,950	43,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,810	43,800	46,005	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,760	44,600	37,120	40,760	44,600	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,120	41,840	42,275	91.3	93.2	89.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,880	51,450	38,400	44,880	51,450	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,490	34,725	32,765	73.3	77.3	69.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	50,760	40,960	46,000	50,760	40,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,185	29,990	37,195	72.9	66.8	78.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,570	8,440	10,480	9,570	8,440	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,200	5,165	4,030	10.0	11.5	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	5,195	9,120	6,920	5,195	9,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,110	44,915	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,065	18,630	16,430	38.1	41.5	34.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,600	52,000	56,400	61,600	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,150	67,500	56,050	62,150	67,500	56,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,245	11,715	12,525	26.3	26.1	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	29,400	23,000	25,600	29,400	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	36,160	28,680	32,280	36,160	28,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.4	80.6	85.4	89.4	80.6
Employment income (%)	70.2	73.2	66.8	70.2	73.2	66.8
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.5	19.4	14.6	10.5	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	18,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,680	...	...	40,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	705	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,210	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,755	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,365	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,420	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,565	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,125	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,075	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,170	...	...	35.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,485	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,525	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,625	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,545	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	765	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,375	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,150	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,475	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,985	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,060	...	...	6.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,775	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,200	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,700	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,720	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,745	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,135	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,180	...	...	6.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,660	9,480	11,180	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	46,400	39,600	42,400	46,400	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,000	35,200	37,200	40,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,300	...	...	114,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,800	...	...	148,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,620	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,605	9,655	10,945	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,480	51,500	43,920	47,480	51,500	43,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,560	37,720	40,000	42,560	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,110	54,655	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,440	11,515	10,925	20.2	21.1	19.3
0 to 5 years	6,890	3,575	3,315	6.2	6.5	5.9
18 to 64 years	65,555	32,775	32,780	59.0	60.0	58.1
65 years and over	23,120	10,365	12,755	20.8	19.0	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,120	3,450	4,670	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,200	625	575	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	390	220	170	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,690	1,815	1,875	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,225	1,015	2,210	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.3	6.3	8.3	7.3	6.3	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	6.2	5.0	5.6	6.2	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.7
65 years and over (%)	14.0	9.8	17.3	14.0	9.8	17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,110	54,655	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,440	11,515	10,925	20.2	21.1	19.3
0 to 5 years	6,890	3,575	3,315	6.2	6.5	5.9
18 to 64 years	65,550	32,775	32,780	59.0	60.0	58.1
65 years and over	23,120	10,365	12,755	20.8	19.0	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,020	1,890	2,135	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	550	280	270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	100	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,560	1,340	1,220	...	...	...
65 years and over	910	270	645	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.8	2.2	2.5	2.8	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	3.9	2.6	5.0	3.9	2.6	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,115	54,655	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,045	26,395	29,660	50.4	48.3	52.5
In bottom decile	6,635	2,900	3,735	6.0	5.3	6.6
In second decile	9,520	4,275	5,250	8.6	7.8	9.3
In third decile	11,760	5,480	6,280	10.6	10.0	11.1
In fourth decile	13,480	6,460	7,020	12.1	11.8	12.4
In fifth decile	14,650	7,275	7,375	13.2	13.3	13.1
In top half of the distribution	55,070	28,260	26,800	49.6	51.7	47.5
In sixth decile	14,975	7,600	7,375	13.5	13.9	13.1
In seventh decile	13,780	7,100	6,675	12.4	13.0	11.8
In eighth decile	12,485	6,370	6,115	11.2	11.7	10.8
In ninth decile	8,950	4,660	4,290	8.1	8.5	7.6
In top decile	4,880	2,530	2,350	4.4	4.6	4.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,115	...	...	111,115	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370	...	...	0.370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.227	...	...	0.227	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,415	55,020	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	71,635	32,525	39,110	63.7	59.1	68.1
English and French	40,285	22,265	18,015	35.8	40.5	31.4
Neither English nor French	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,415	55,020	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,350	700	655	1.2	1.3	1.1
French	109,920	53,710	56,205	97.8	97.6	97.9
English and French	895	505	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Neither English nor French	250	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,415	55,020	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,835	54,205	56,635	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	106,270	51,980	54,295	94.5	94.5	94.6
English	1,120	595	525	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	105,145	51,385	53,765	93.5	93.4	93.7
Non-official languages	4,570	2,230	2,345	4.1	4.1	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,510	2,200	2,305	4.0	4.0	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,020	535	485	0.9	1.0	0.8
Berber languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	790	420	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	790	425	360	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,290	1,120	1,175	2.0	2.0	2.0
Albanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	370	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,640	800	845	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,115	545	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	615	305	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	815	760	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	740	395	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	690	345	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,415	55,020	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	515	275	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	103,235	50,295	52,945	91.8	91.4	92.2
Non-official language	1,095	545	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,075	535	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	3,565	1,945	1,625	3.2	3.5	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,055	1,480	1,570	2.7	2.7	2.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	775	395	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,415	55,020	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,675	54,150	56,525	98.5	98.4	98.5
Official languages	108,485	53,065	55,420	96.5	96.4	96.6
English	925	470	460	0.8	0.9	0.8
French	107,565	52,595	54,965	95.7	95.6	95.8
Non-official languages	2,190	1,085	1,105	1.9	2.0	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,160	1,075	1,085	1.9	2.0	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	290	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,280	635	640	1.1	1.2	1.1
Albanian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	955	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	670	325	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,740	865	870	1.5	1.6	1.5
English and French	655	350	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	935	455	480	0.8	0.8	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,415	55,020	57,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	106,360	51,865	54,495	94.6	94.3	94.9
English	2,755	1,530	1,220	2.5	2.8	2.1
French	1,155	565	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,470	705	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,460	700	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,405	54,885	56,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,205	54,815	56,390	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	40,410	22,365	18,045	36.3	40.7	31.9
French	110,975	54,695	56,275	99.6	99.7	99.6
Non-official languages	9,050	4,260	4,785	8.1	7.8	8.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,965	4,225	4,735	8.0	7.7	8.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,630	855	770	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	25	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,410	760	655	1.3	1.4	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,410	750	655	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,610	3,000	5.0	4.8	5.3
Albanian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	675	365	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	675	365	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	360	195	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	300	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,480	2,005	2,475	4.0	3.7	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	440	245	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,720	1,610	2,115	3.3	2.9	3.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,030	480	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lingala	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	275	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,405	54,880	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,170	1,045	1,125	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,020	965	1,055	1.8	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,205	550	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	770	380	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,240	53,845	55,400	98.1	98.1	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,405	54,880	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	740	355	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,670	54,530	56,140	99.3	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,255	...	...	64.7	...	...
Renter	18,150	...	...	35.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,015	...	...	15.6	...	...
Not condominium	43,390	...	...	84.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	7,480	...	...	14.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,310	...	...	35.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,610	...	...	30.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,770	...	...	19.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,530	...	...	38.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,605	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,325	...	...	10.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,690	...	...	11.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,260	...	...	25.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,155	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	50,460	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	940	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,480	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,525	...	...	36.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,285	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,405	...	...	12.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,550	...	...	6.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,895	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,260	...	...	6.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,005	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	49,335	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,065	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,655	...	...	53.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,025	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	720	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,380	...	...	2.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,650	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,370	...	...	18.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,595	...	...	16.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,035	...	...	19.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,765	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,395	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,220	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	51,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,680	...	...	87.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,630	...	...	12.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,215	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,285	...	...	18.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,315	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not suitable only	840	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,785	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,120	...	...	81.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	50,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,130	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	48,760	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,250	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	293,600	...	...	293,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,150	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.2	...	...	9.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	830	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	898	...	...	898	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,405	54,885	56,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,805	805	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,795	805	990	1.6	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,435	650	785	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis single ancestry	335	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,560	1,210	1,350	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,480	1,175	1,300	2.2	2.1	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,235	1,050	1,185	2.0	1.9	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,040	52,865	54,175	96.1	96.3	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,405	54,880	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,055	53,240	54,815	97.0	97.0	97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,010	11,240	10,765	19.8	20.5	19.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,050	42,000	44,045	77.2	76.5	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,355	1,645	1,710	3.0	3.0	3.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,405	54,880	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	103,500	50,890	52,615	92.9	92.7	93.1
Immigrants⁸¹	7,085	3,580	3,495	6.4	6.5	6.2
Before 1980	515	290	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
1980 to 1990	325	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	825	420	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
2001 to 2010	2,010	1,040	965	1.8	1.9	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,410	1,665	1,745	3.1	3.0	3.1
2011 to 2015	1,600	735	865	1.4	1.3	1.5
2016 to 2021	1,810	930	880	1.6	1.7	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	825	410	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,085	3,580	3,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	790	385	395	11.2	10.8	11.3
5 to 14 years	1,230	600	635	17.4	16.8	18.2
15 to 24 years	905	395	515	12.8	11.0	14.7
25 to 44 years	3,770	2,025	1,745	53.2	56.6	49.9
45 years and over	395	185	210	5.6	5.2	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,085	3,580	3,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,235	585	645	17.4	16.3	18.5
Brazil	135	70	65	1.9	2.0	1.9
Colombia	365	165	200	5.2	4.6	5.7
El Salvador	90	55	35	1.3	1.5	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	175	85	90	2.5	2.4	2.6
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	45	30	1.1	1.3	0.9
Peru	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	80	45	40	1.1	1.3	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	260	115	145	3.7	3.2	4.1
Europe	2,090	1,120	970	29.5	31.3	27.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	265	140	125	3.7	3.9	3.6
Croatia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
France	1,100	625	475	15.5	17.5	13.6
Germany	55	10	40	0.8	0.3	1.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	20	40	0.8	0.6	1.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portugal	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.7
Romania	70	35	35	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian Federation	45	20	25	0.6	0.6	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	35	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	345	180	160	4.9	5.0	4.6
Africa	3,300	1,665	1,630	46.6	46.5	46.6
Algeria	380	210	175	5.4	5.9	5.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160	70	90	2.3	2.0	2.6
Egypt	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	455	245	210	6.4	6.8	6.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	2,240	1,120	1,120	31.6	31.3	32.0
Asia	460	210	255	6.5	5.9	7.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	55	35	15	0.8	1.0	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Taiwan	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Philippines	40	20	15	0.6	0.6	0.4
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	170	70	105	2.4	2.0	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,810	935	880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	180	90	90	9.9	9.6	10.2
Brazil	40	15	20	2.2	1.6	2.3
Colombia	45	20	25	2.5	2.1	2.8
Haiti	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
United States of America	15	15	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	1.9	1.6	2.3
Europe	285	170	115	15.7	18.2	13.1
France	235	145	90	13.0	15.5	10.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	20	2.5	2.7	2.3
Africa	1,240	605	630	68.5	64.7	71.6
Algeria	125	60	60	6.9	6.4	6.8
Burundi	80	35	45	4.4	3.7	5.1
Cameroon	175	75	100	9.7	8.0	11.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	20	30	2.5	2.1	3.4
Côte d'Ivoire	465	230	235	25.7	24.6	26.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	105	60	40	5.8	6.4	4.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	50	35	15	2.8	3.7	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	190	95	95	10.5	10.2	10.8
Asia	110	65	45	6.1	7.0	5.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	15	1.4	1.1	1.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	35	10	2.8	3.7	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,405	54,880	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,380	4,195	4,180	7.5	7.6	7.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,755	2,420	2,330	4.3	4.4	4.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	98,275	48,260	50,005	88.2	87.9	88.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,570	3,295	3,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,810	2,020	1,785	58.0	61.3	54.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,720	1,220	500	26.2	37.0	15.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,090	800	1,285	31.8	24.3	39.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,470	600	870	22.4	18.2	26.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,270	670	600	19.3	20.3	18.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,570	3,295	3,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	95	70	2.5	2.9	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	270	170	6.6	8.2	5.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	90	75	2.4	2.7	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	395	245	155	6.0	7.4	4.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,360	2,585	2,780	81.6	78.5	84.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,405	54,885	56,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,105	3,460	3,645	6.4	6.3	6.4
South Asian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	280	105	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black	3,645	1,795	1,850	3.3	3.3	3.3
Filipino	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	1,260	650	610	1.1	1.2	1.1
Latin American	1,195	605	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Southeast Asian	295	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,300	51,415	52,880	93.6	93.7	93.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,410	54,880	56,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	42,615	20,865	21,745	38.3	38.0	38.5
English	1,175	580	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Irish	4,415	2,120	2,305	4.0	3.9	4.1
Scottish	1,575	730	850	1.4	1.3	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	27,385	13,830	13,555	24.6	25.2	24.0
German	1,125	510	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Chinese	370	135	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,125	520	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indian (India)	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	245	150	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Québécois	15,510	7,575	7,935	13.9	13.8	14.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	10,675	5,230	5,440	9.6	9.5	9.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,385	1,235	1,155	2.1	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,740	805	935	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	625	295	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,345	655	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	380	160	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
American	295	155	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	405	225	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swedish	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,155	525	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	780	375	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	445	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,370	705	660	1.2	1.3	1.2
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	490	265	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	360	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	175	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	240	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	175	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	455	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	395	205	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	340	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	215	140	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	270	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	365	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	375	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	275	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	340	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norman	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	465	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,405	54,880	56,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	76,790	36,475	40,320	68.9	66.5	71.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,685	3,405	3,285	6.0	6.2	5.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baptist	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catholic	68,285	32,245	36,040	61.3	58.8	63.8
Christian Orthodox	340	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	225	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	410	165	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	460	200	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,440	1,255	1,185	2.2	2.3	2.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	31,690	16,905	14,785	28.4	30.8	26.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,345	54,265	56,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,295	48,490	49,800	89.1	89.4	88.8
Movers	12,050	5,775	6,280	10.9	10.6	11.2
Non-migrants	9,815	4,675	5,140	8.9	8.6	9.2
Migrants	2,240	1,100	1,135	2.0	2.0	2.0
Internal migrants	1,925	970	955	1.7	1.8	1.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,790	890	900	1.6	1.6	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,765	51,935	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,190	33,170	34,025	63.5	63.9	63.2
Movers	38,575	18,765	19,810	36.5	36.1	36.8
Non-migrants	26,720	12,965	13,755	25.3	25.0	25.6
Migrants	11,850	5,795	6,055	11.2	11.2	11.2
Internal migrants	9,870	4,830	5,040	9.3	9.3	9.4
Intraprovincial migrants	9,335	4,570	4,770	8.8	8.8	8.9
Interprovincial migrants	535	260	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	1,980	965	1,015	1.9	1.9	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,105	44,915	47,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,640	7,650	6,990	15.9	17.0	14.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,470	37,270	40,205	84.1	83.0	85.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,460	29,020	29,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,745	3,480	2,265	9.8	12.0	7.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,720	25,540	27,180	90.2	88.0	92.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,105	44,920	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,525	6,125	6,400	13.6	13.6	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,130	9,765	11,370	22.9	21.7	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,455	29,030	29,425	63.5	64.6	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,520	20,255	19,265	42.9	45.1	40.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,500	10,130	6,365	17.9	22.6	13.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,760	6,165	5,595	12.8	13.7	11.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,740	3,965	770	5.1	8.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,505	8,670	10,830	21.2	19.3	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,520	1,455	2,070	3.8	3.2	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,935	8,775	10,160	20.6	19.5	21.5
Bachelor's degree	12,575	5,700	6,875	13.7	12.7	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,540	670	875	1.7	1.5	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	180	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	3,950	1,860	2,090	4.3	4.1	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590	370	225	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,465	29,020	29,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,330	2,475	1,850	7.4	8.5	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,525	4,890	4,635	16.3	16.9	15.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,610	21,650	22,960	76.3	74.6	78.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,485	15,130	14,355	50.4	52.1	48.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,700	7,645	5,055	21.7	26.3	17.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,150	4,710	4,445	15.7	16.2	15.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,545	2,940	605	6.1	10.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,505	6,530	7,975	24.8	22.5	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,285	955	1,330	3.9	3.3	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,125	6,520	8,600	25.9	22.5	29.2
Bachelor's degree	9,845	4,200	5,645	16.8	14.5	19.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,260	495	760	2.2	1.7	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	55	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	3,370	1,480	1,890	5.8	5.1	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	505	290	210	0.9	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,110	44,915	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,655	15,885	17,770	36.5	35.4	37.7
Education	4,270	1,080	3,195	4.6	2.4	6.8
13. Education	4,270	1,080	3,195	4.6	2.4	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,945	910	1,030	2.1	2.0	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	530	340	190	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,410	570	840	1.5	1.3	1.8
Humanities	2,920	1,190	1,730	3.2	2.6	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	105	280	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,615	700	915	1.8	1.6	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	470	105	365	0.5	0.2	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,260	1,875	3,380	5.7	4.2	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	645	225	425	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	120	955	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,080	395	685	1.2	0.9	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	200	45	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	805	205	600	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,415	875	545	1.5	1.9	1.2
Business, management and public administration	13,790	5,150	8,640	15.0	11.5	18.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	920	215	710	1.0	0.5	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,865	4,930	7,935	14.0	11.0	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,810	1,065	740	2.0	2.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	725	340	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	150	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	335	190	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
40. Physical sciences	365	295	70	0.4	0.7	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,135	2,295	840	3.4	5.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,750	2,145	600	3.0	4.8	1.3
25. Library science	200	30	175	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,780	10,865	910	12.8	24.2	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	330	245	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,495	1,290	205	1.6	2.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,660	2,340	315	2.9	5.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,245	3,080	170	3.5	6.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,575	2,485	90	2.8	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,480	1,430	50	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,075	680	400	1.2	1.5	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	560	275	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	520	400	115	0.6	0.9	0.2
Health and related fields	7,940	1,515	6,425	8.6	3.4	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,430	1,255	6,175	8.1	2.8	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,495	2,395	2,100	4.9	5.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,450	720	1,735	2.7	1.6	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	860	620	235	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,135	1,010	125	1.2	2.2	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,460	29,020	29,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,855	7,370	6,485	23.7	25.4	22.0
Education	2,975	660	2,310	5.1	2.3	7.8
13. Education	2,975	660	2,310	5.1	2.3	7.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,555	720	835	2.7	2.5	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	410	255	160	0.7	0.9	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145	470	675	2.0	1.6	2.3
Humanities	1,820	730	1,090	3.1	2.5	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	60	215	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	925	425	500	1.6	1.5	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	325	70	255	0.6	0.2	0.9
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,200	1,370	2,830	7.2	4.7	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	560	185	375	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910	95	815	1.6	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	820	255	565	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	40	105	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	635	135	500	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,095	645	455	1.9	2.2	1.5
Business, management and public administration	10,610	3,720	6,890	18.1	12.8	23.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	735	145	590	1.3	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,875	3,570	6,300	16.9	12.3	21.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,205	725	485	2.1	2.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	280	325	1.0	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	70	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	255	210	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,680	1,990	690	4.6	6.9	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,425	1,905	525	4.1	6.6	1.8
25. Library science	145	20	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,005	8,200	810	15.4	28.3	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	255	165	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,235	1,030	205	2.1	3.5	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,030	1,780	250	3.5	6.1	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,480	2,350	135	4.2	8.1	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,845	1,770	75	3.2	6.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,160	1,105	50	2.0	3.8	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	520	330	1.4	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	210	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	415	310	110	0.7	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	6,110	1,120	4,990	10.5	3.9	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	315	135	180	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,720	955	4,770	9.8	3.3	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,580	1,900	1,680	6.1	6.5	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,965	575	1,395	3.4	2.0	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	680	485	195	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	900	810	95	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,460	29,020	29,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,855	7,370	6,485	23.7	25.4	22.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,605	21,655	22,960	76.3	74.6	78.0
Location of study inside Canada	41,965	20,255	21,710	71.8	69.8	73.7
Same as province or territory of residence	41,450	19,960	21,490	70.9	68.8	73.0
Different than province or territory of residence	515	290	220	0.9	1.0	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,640	1,400	1,245	4.5	4.8	4.2
Americas	545	275	270	0.9	0.9	0.9
United States of America	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	145	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Colombia	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peru	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	995	590	410	1.7	2.0	1.4
Belgium	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	640	375	265	1.1	1.3	0.9
Germany	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	990	505	485	1.7	1.7	1.6
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Morocco	150	100	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	580	275	305	1.0	0.9	1.0
Asia	105	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,110	44,915	47,190	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,535	31,195	29,335	...	...	...
Employed	56,650	29,280	27,370	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,880	1,915	1,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,575	13,720	17,850	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.7	69.5	62.2	65.7	69.5	62.2
Employment rate	61.5	65.2	58.0	61.5	65.2	58.0
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.1	6.7	6.4	6.1	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,110	44,915	47,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,295	13,205	17,090	32.9	29.4	36.2
Worked	61,810	31,710	30,100	67.1	70.6	63.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,680	19,065	16,615	38.7	42.4	35.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,130	12,645	13,485	28.4	28.2	28.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.5	43.1	43.6	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,535	31,195	29,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	425	445	1.4	1.4	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,665	30,770	28,895	98.6	98.6	98.5
Employee	54,515	27,630	26,880	90.1	88.6	91.6
Permanent position	47,000	24,030	22,970	77.6	77.0	78.3
Temporary position	7,515	3,600	3,910	12.4	11.5	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,640	1,130	1,515	4.4	3.6	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,870	2,475	2,400	8.0	7.9	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,150	3,140	2,015	8.5	10.1	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,535	31,195	29,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	425	445	1.4	1.4	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,665	30,770	28,895	98.6	98.6	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	825	610	215	1.4	2.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,015	3,855	8,160	19.8	12.4	27.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,955	4,635	1,320	9.8	14.9	4.5
3 Health occupations	5,695	1,150	4,540	9.4	3.7	15.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,705	2,500	5,210	12.7	8.0	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,600	835	765	2.6	2.7	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	15,135	7,585	7,550	25.0	24.3	25.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,960	8,335	625	14.8	26.7	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	300	240	55	0.5	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,475	1,020	455	2.4	3.3	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,535	31,195	29,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	870	425	445	1.4	1.4	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	59,665	30,770	28,895	98.6	98.6	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	360	305	60	0.6	1.0	0.2
23 Construction	3,970	3,490	485	6.6	11.2	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,585	2,630	960	5.9	8.4	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,780	1,300	480	2.9	4.2	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,475	3,835	3,640	12.3	12.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,530	2,070	465	4.2	6.6	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	735	495	240	1.2	1.6	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,805	1,190	1,615	4.6	3.8	5.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	930	565	365	1.5	1.8	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,265	2,510	1,760	7.0	8.0	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,425	1,525	910	4.0	4.9	3.1
61 Educational services	4,065	1,145	2,925	6.7	3.7	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	9,400	1,955	7,450	15.5	6.3	25.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	735	410	325	1.2	1.3	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,595	1,855	1,745	5.9	5.9	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,430	1,205	1,220	4.0	3.9	4.2
91 Public administration	8,290	4,120	4,170	13.7	13.2	14.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,535	33,130	31,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	405	250	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
French	55,465	27,490	27,980	85.9	83.0	89.1
Non-official language	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	8,250	5,205	3,045	12.8	15.7	9.7
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	160	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,535	33,130	31,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,570	32,510	31,060	98.5	98.1	98.9
Official languages	63,480	32,465	31,020	98.4	98.0	98.8
English	1,215	770	450	1.9	2.3	1.4
French	62,270	31,695	30,570	96.5	95.7	97.4
Non-official languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	960	625	340	1.5	1.9	1.1
English and French	905	600	305	1.4	1.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,535	33,130	31,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,835	28,365	28,470	88.1	85.6	90.7
English	6,625	4,120	2,505	10.3	12.4	8.0
French	800	515	285	1.2	1.6	0.9
Non-official language	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,650	29,280	27,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,615	6,120	6,495	22.3	20.9	23.7
Worked outside Canada	60	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,810	4,445	1,370	10.3	15.2	5.0
Usual place of work	38,160	18,655	19,505	67.4	63.7	71.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,165	18,660	19,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	34,185	15,970	18,215	89.6	85.6	93.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,065	660	400	2.8	3.5	2.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,865	1,995	870	7.5	10.7	4.5
Commute to a different province or territory	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,970	23,095	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,135	20,455	17,680	86.7	88.6	84.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,760	19,515	16,235	81.3	84.5	77.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,385	940	1,445	5.4	4.1	6.9
Public transit	3,440	1,400	2,045	7.8	6.1	9.8
Walked	1,470	695	775	3.3	3.0	3.7
Bicycle	255	205	50	0.6	0.9	0.2
Other method	675	340	325	1.5	1.5	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,970	23,095	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,140	6,350	6,790	29.9	27.5	32.5
15 to 29 minutes	21,770	11,690	10,085	49.5	50.6	48.3
30 to 44 minutes	6,330	3,645	2,685	14.4	15.8	12.9
45 to 59 minutes	1,615	725	890	3.7	3.1	4.3
60 minutes and over	1,115	690	425	2.5	3.0	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,970	23,095	20,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,280	1,675	605	5.2	7.3	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,060	6,020	3,040	20.6	26.1	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,930	7,005	7,925	34.0	30.3	38.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,975	3,455	4,525	18.1	15.0	21.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,500	1,540	1,960	8.0	6.7	9.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,230	3,405	2,825	14.2	14.7	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,805	11,700	11,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,755	870	885	7.7	7.4	8.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,050	10,835	10,215	92.3	92.6	92.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,750	8,575	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,345	655	690	8.0	7.6	8.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	965	465	500	5.8	5.4	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	195	190	2.3	2.3	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,405	7,920	7,485	92.0	92.4	91.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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