Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Charlesbourg--Haute-Saint-CharlesMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	109,690	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,254	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,564	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,999	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	985.6	...	...	985.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	111.29	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,690	53,785	55,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,190	9,870	9,330	17.5	18.4	16.7
0 to 4 years	5,555	2,850	2,705	5.1	5.3	4.8
5 to 9 years	6,745	3,510	3,230	6.1	6.5	5.8
10 to 14 years	6,895	3,505	3,390	6.3	6.5	6.1
15 to 64 years	67,285	33,775	33,510	61.3	62.8	59.9
15 to 19 years	5,415	2,770	2,645	4.9	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	4,850	2,535	2,315	4.4	4.7	4.1
25 to 29 years	5,755	2,940	2,815	5.2	5.5	5.0
30 to 34 years	6,610	3,220	3,390	6.0	6.0	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,400	3,710	3,695	6.7	6.9	6.6
40 to 44 years	8,220	4,145	4,075	7.5	7.7	7.3
45 to 49 years	7,060	3,630	3,430	6.4	6.7	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,560	3,315	3,250	6.0	6.2	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,625	3,810	3,820	7.0	7.1	6.8
60 to 64 years	7,795	3,705	4,090	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	23,210	10,140	13,070	21.2	18.9	23.4
65 to 69 years	6,740	3,065	3,680	6.1	5.7	6.6
70 to 74 years	6,275	2,840	3,440	5.7	5.3	6.2
75 to 79 years	4,930	2,185	2,750	4.5	4.1	4.9
80 to 84 years	2,835	1,190	1,640	2.6	2.2	2.9
85 years and over	2,425	860	1,560	2.2	1.6	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,555	575	980	1.4	1.1	1.8
90 to 94 years	670	240	435	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	170	40	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.4	16.7	17.5	18.4	16.7
15 to 64 years	61.3	62.8	59.9	61.3	62.8	59.9
65 years and over	21.2	18.9	23.4	21.2	18.9	23.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	42.9	41.6	44.1	42.9	41.6	44.1
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.8	43.2	42.0	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,385	...	...	45.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,635	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	1,310	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,280	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,600	...	...	29.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,975	...	...	6.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	725	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,655	...	...	34.0	...	...
2 persons	17,755	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	6,265	...	...	12.8	...	...
4 persons	5,860	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,470	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,745	52,950	54,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	90,495	43,920	46,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	53,825	26,875	26,945	59.5	61.2	57.8
Married	26,270	13,120	13,150	29.0	29.9	28.2
Living common-law	27,550	13,755	13,795	30.4	31.3	29.6
Living common law - Never married	22,930	11,415	11,515	25.3	26.0	24.7
Living common law - Separated	235	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,905	2,025	1,880	4.3	4.6	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	485	205	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	36,675	17,040	19,635	40.5	38.8	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,055	13,395	11,655	27.7	30.5	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,055	470	580	1.2	1.1	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,845	2,095	3,750	6.5	4.8	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,725	1,075	3,650	5.2	2.4	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,270	...	...	55.4	...	...
3 persons	6,015	...	...	19.3	...	...
4 persons	5,710	...	...	18.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,185	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,570	...	...	85.2	...	...
Married couples	12,800	...	...	41.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,870	...	...	15.6	...	...
Without children	7,925	...	...	25.4	...	...
Common-law couples	13,775	...	...	44.2	...	...
With children⁶	7,190	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	6,580	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,610	...	...	14.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,225	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,385	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,745	52,955	54,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,030	43,475	43,555	80.8	82.1	79.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,140	26,540	26,600	49.3	50.1	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,610	1,380	3,230	4.3	2.6	5.9
Children⁶	29,280	15,550	13,730	27.2	29.4	25.1
In a two-parent family	22,400	11,825	10,575	20.8	22.3	19.3
In a one-parent family	6,880	3,730	3,155	6.4	7.0	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,710	9,480	11,235	19.2	17.9	20.5
Living alone	16,655	7,310	9,345	15.5	13.8	17.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,615	750	865	1.5	1.4	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	2,445	1,415	1,025	2.3	2.7	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,940	...	...	61.1	...	...
Couple-family households	25,710	...	...	52.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,705	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	14,010	...	...	28.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,225	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	630	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,375	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	16,655	...	...	34.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,570	43,095	45,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,350	42,495	44,860	98.6	98.6	98.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,800	41,600	45,600	50,800	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,370	42,505	44,865	98.6	98.6	98.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,200	36,800	40,000	43,200	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,530	40,345	41,180	92.1	93.6	90.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	32,000	38,400	44,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,550	33,255	31,300	72.9	77.2	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,000	38,400	42,000	46,000	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,875	32,280	38,595	80.0	74.9	84.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,800	12,200	11,200	9,800	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,160	5,375	4,785	11.5	12.5	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,880	5,480	5,320	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,150	11,825	10,325	25.0	27.4	22.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,000	7,500	6,500	6,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,560	43,110	45,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,365	42,495	44,865	98.7	98.6	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,250	56,450	46,280	51,250	56,450	46,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,390	42,510	44,880	98.7	98.6	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	45,960	39,280	42,560	45,960	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,685	40,380	41,305	92.2	93.7	90.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	50,560	38,120	44,280	50,560	38,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,555	33,200	31,350	72.9	77.0	69.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,360	50,800	41,640	46,360	50,800	41,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,720	32,240	38,485	79.9	74.8	84.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,150	11,110	13,020	12,150	11,110	13,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,920	5,265	4,655	11.2	12.2	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040	5,890	8,330	7,040	5,890	8,330
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,090	11,875	10,215	24.9	27.5	22.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,770	7,500	8,090	7,770	7,500	8,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,560	43,105	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,095	18,095	15,995	38.5	42.0	35.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	64,000	54,800	59,200	64,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	70,200	59,850	65,300	70,200	59,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,415	11,695	12,720	27.6	27.1	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	22,600	18,000	20,000	22,600	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	31,480	24,740	27,960	31,480	24,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.0	75.8	80.8	85.0	75.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	70.2	62.9	66.8	70.2	62.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.9	24.2	19.2	14.9	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.7	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,570	43,100	45,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,220	605	615	1.4	1.4	1.4
With total income	87,355	42,495	44,855	98.6	98.6	98.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,550	1,970	2,580	5.2	4.6	5.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,515	3,180	5,335	9.7	7.5	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	11,785	4,875	6,910	13.5	11.5	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,570	5,035	6,530	13.2	11.8	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,330	5,850	6,480	14.1	13.8	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,755	5,365	5,385	12.3	12.6	12.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,070	4,315	3,755	9.2	10.2	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,985	3,475	2,505	6.9	8.2	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,550	2,635	1,910	5.2	6.2	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,170	1,795	1,375	3.6	4.2	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,080	4,000	2,085	7.0	9.4	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,830	3,095	1,740	5.5	7.3	3.9
$150,000 and over	1,255	905	345	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,570	43,100	45,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,200	595	605	1.4	1.4	1.3
With after-tax income	87,370	42,505	44,865	98.6	98.6	98.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,025	2,055	2,970	5.8	4.8	6.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,040	3,480	5,560	10.3	8.2	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,285	5,940	8,345	16.4	14.0	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	15,540	7,235	8,305	17.8	17.0	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,950	7,515	7,435	17.1	17.7	16.6
$50,000 to $59,999	10,985	6,050	4,935	12.6	14.2	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,380	4,170	3,210	8.4	9.8	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,645	2,525	2,115	5.3	5.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,440	1,430	1,010	2.8	3.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,215	785	430	1.4	1.8	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,880	1,325	550	2.2	3.1	1.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	810	350	1.3	1.9	0.8
$125,000 and over	715	510	205	0.8	1.2	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,570	43,100	45,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,020	9,840	14,175	27.1	22.8	31.2
With employment income	64,555	33,260	31,295	72.9	77.2	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,175	3,820	3,350	11.1	11.5	10.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,440	1,950	2,490	6.9	5.9	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,875	3,045	3,835	10.6	9.2	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,845	2,580	3,265	9.1	7.8	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,345	3,030	3,320	9.8	9.1	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	7,545	3,505	4,045	11.7	10.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,625	3,395	3,230	10.3	10.2	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,150	2,970	2,180	8.0	8.9	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,130	2,445	1,685	6.4	7.4	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,560	2,000	1,560	5.5	6.0	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,295	1,380	915	3.6	4.1	2.9
$100,000 and over	4,560	3,130	1,425	7.1	9.4	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,730	1,810	920	4.2	5.4	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,825	1,320	510	2.8	4.0	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,570	43,095	45,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,280	41,940	44,340	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,200	39,600	44,000	49,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,310	41,945	44,360	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,000	34,800	38,400	42,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,665	39,970	40,695	91.1	92.7	89.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	33,200	39,200	44,800	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,060	33,440	31,620	73.5	77.6	69.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,400	38,000	42,000	46,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,500	28,635	35,865	72.8	66.4	78.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	6,120	9,400	8,300	6,120	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,050	4,990	4,055	10.2	11.6	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,160	5,360	4,560	4,160	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,560	43,110	45,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,265	42,010	44,255	97.4	97.4	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	54,400	43,840	49,000	54,400	43,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,295	42,010	44,290	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,640	44,240	37,240	40,640	44,240	37,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,840	40,145	40,695	91.3	93.1	89.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,640	50,920	38,440	44,640	50,920	38,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,200	33,485	31,715	73.6	77.7	69.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,880	50,520	41,040	45,880	50,520	41,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,355	28,575	35,780	72.7	66.3	78.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,430	10,540	9,600	8,430	10,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,950	5,050	3,900	10.1	11.7	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	5,205	9,130	6,920	5,205	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,560	43,105	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,995	18,045	15,950	38.4	41.9	35.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,600	52,000	56,400	61,600	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,100	67,400	56,100	62,100	67,400	56,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,380	11,260	12,115	26.4	26.1	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,600	22,800	25,400	28,600	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,960	35,560	28,640	31,960	35,560	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.4	80.6	85.4	89.4	80.6
Employment income (%)	70.8	74.0	67.0	70.8	74.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.5	19.4	14.6	10.5	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800	...	...	47,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,240	...	...	40,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,110	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,540	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,635	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,175	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,235	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,140	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,215	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,880	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,610	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,340	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,980	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,725	...	...	36.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,255	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,420	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,595	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,455	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,000	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	755	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,270	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,040	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,275	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,765	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,840	...	...	5.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,540	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,825	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,105	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,205	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,495	...	...	25.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,975	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,410	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,110	...	...	6.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,095	8,730	10,370	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	46,000	38,800	42,000	46,000	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,600	34,800	36,800	39,600	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,100	...	...	114,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...	120,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,130	8,865	10,265	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,840	50,600	43,600	46,840	50,600	43,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,480	41,880	37,440	39,480	41,880	37,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,745	52,955	54,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,500	11,545	10,955	20.9	21.8	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,815	3,530	3,290	6.3	6.7	6.0
18 to 64 years	63,425	31,640	31,785	58.9	59.7	58.0
65 years and over	21,820	9,770	12,050	20.3	18.4	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,775	3,275	4,505	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,180	605	575	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	365	205	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,535	1,715	1,815	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,065	950	2,110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.2	6.2	8.2	7.2	6.2	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.3	5.9	4.7	5.3	5.9	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	14.0	9.7	17.5	14.0	9.7	17.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	107,745	52,955	54,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,500	11,545	10,955	20.9	21.8	20.0
0 to 5 years	6,820	3,530	3,290	6.3	6.7	6.0
18 to 64 years	63,425	31,635	31,790	58.9	59.7	58.0
65 years and over	21,820	9,770	12,050	20.3	18.4	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,855	1,795	2,065	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	540	270	265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	90	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,445	1,265	1,180	...	...	...
65 years and over	870	255	615	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.5	2.0	2.3	2.5	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.9	4.0	3.7
65 years and over (%)	4.0	2.6	5.1	4.0	2.6	5.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,745	52,955	54,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,060	25,465	28,595	50.2	48.1	52.2
In bottom decile	6,365	2,755	3,605	5.9	5.2	6.6
In second decile	9,130	4,085	5,045	8.5	7.7	9.2
In third decile	11,270	5,270	6,005	10.5	10.0	11.0
In fourth decile	12,880	6,180	6,700	12.0	11.7	12.2
In fifth decile	14,415	7,175	7,240	13.4	13.5	13.2
In top half of the distribution	53,685	27,490	26,195	49.8	51.9	47.8
In sixth decile	14,545	7,385	7,160	13.5	13.9	13.1
In seventh decile	13,520	6,945	6,575	12.5	13.1	12.0
In eighth decile	12,255	6,235	6,020	11.4	11.8	11.0
In ninth decile	8,695	4,510	4,185	8.1	8.5	7.6
In top decile	4,670	2,415	2,255	4.3	4.6	4.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,745	...	...	107,745	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.365	...	...	0.365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.223	...	...	0.223	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,800	53,260	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French only	69,500	31,655	37,845	63.9	59.4	68.1
English and French	38,825	21,380	17,440	35.7	40.1	31.4
Neither English nor French	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,800	53,260	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,290	660	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
French	106,400	52,015	54,385	97.8	97.7	97.9
English and French	865	480	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Neither English nor French	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,800	53,260	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,260	52,470	54,790	98.6	98.5	98.6
Official languages	102,805	50,290	52,510	94.5	94.4	94.5
English	1,075	565	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
French	101,735	49,725	52,010	93.5	93.4	93.6
Non-official languages	4,455	2,170	2,280	4.1	4.1	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,410	2,160	2,255	4.1	4.1	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	975	505	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	755	400	355	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	750	400	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,275	1,105	1,170	2.1	2.1	2.1
Albanian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	380	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	370	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,625	785	840	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,110	535	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	625	310	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,545	790	755	1.4	1.5	1.4
English and French	725	385	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	680	340	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,800	53,260	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	495	265	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	99,965	48,720	51,240	91.9	91.5	92.2
Non-official language	1,055	525	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,045	515	525	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	3,380	1,840	1,540	3.1	3.5	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,000	1,455	1,545	2.8	2.7	2.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	745	375	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,800	53,260	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,110	52,415	54,690	98.4	98.4	98.5
Official languages	104,990	51,370	53,615	96.5	96.5	96.5
English	875	445	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
French	104,110	50,920	53,185	95.7	95.6	95.8
Non-official languages	2,125	1,050	1,075	2.0	2.0	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,100	1,040	1,060	1.9	2.0	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	285	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,260	620	635	1.2	1.2	1.1
Albanian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	940	455	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	665	320	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,695	835	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and French	610	325	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	945	455	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,800	53,255	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	102,985	50,240	52,745	94.7	94.3	95.0
English	2,625	1,455	1,165	2.4	2.7	2.1
French	1,120	545	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,430	690	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,430	685	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	340	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,770	52,950	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,565	52,880	54,685	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	38,870	21,400	17,470	36.1	40.4	31.9
French	107,335	52,765	54,570	99.6	99.7	99.5
Non-official languages	8,850	4,125	4,720	8.2	7.8	8.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,790	4,105	4,685	8.2	7.8	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,545	795	750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Berber languages	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamazight	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,340	695	640	1.2	1.3	1.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,330	685	640	1.2	1.3	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,555	2,545	3,010	5.2	4.8	5.5
Albanian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	680	365	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	365	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	355	195	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	295	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,420	1,935	2,490	4.1	3.7	4.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	405	225	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Romanian	160	80	85	0.1	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,720	1,570	2,150	3.5	3.0	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,055	500	555	1.0	0.9	1.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	165	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lingala	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	300	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	170	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,770	52,950	54,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,970	965	1,000	1.8	1.8	1.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,830	895	935	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,105	520	585	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis	680	345	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	105,800	51,985	53,815	98.2	98.2	98.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,770	52,950	54,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	625	305	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,145	52,645	54,505	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,205	...	...	65.7	...	...
Renter	16,815	...	...	34.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,910	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not condominium	42,110	...	...	85.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	6,790	...	...	13.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,865	...	...	34.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,445	...	...	31.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,720	...	...	19.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,495	...	...	35.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,440	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	5,350	...	...	10.9	...	...
7 rooms	5,620	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,110	...	...	26.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,780	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,130	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	885	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,260	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,725	...	...	36.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,165	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,055	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,390	...	...	6.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,675	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,985	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,765	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,060	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,960	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,065	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,240	...	...	45.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	710	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,195	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,245	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,105	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,655	...	...	19.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,255	...	...	16.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,050	...	...	10.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,175	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,740	...	...	87.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,180	...	...	12.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,790	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,680	...	...	17.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,880	...	...	12.0	...	...
Not suitable only	780	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,680	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,335	...	...	82.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,035	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not in core need	46,500	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,200	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.5	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,152	...	...	1,152	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	280,000	...	...	280,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	294,000	...	...	294,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.1	...	...	23.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	885	...	...	885	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,770	52,950	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,700	780	925	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,690	770	915	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,375	640	730	1.3	1.2	1.3
Métis single ancestry	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,435	1,170	1,270	2.3	2.2	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,355	1,130	1,225	2.2	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,100	995	1,110	1.9	1.9	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,635	51,005	52,625	96.2	96.3	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,770	52,955	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,535	51,370	53,165	97.0	97.0	97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,915	11,175	10,745	20.3	21.1	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,620	40,200	42,420	76.7	75.9	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,235	1,580	1,655	3.0	3.0	3.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,770	52,955	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,935	48,995	50,945	92.7	92.5	92.9
Immigrants⁸¹	7,060	3,570	3,485	6.6	6.7	6.4
Before 1980	495	270	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
1980 to 1990	315	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	805	395	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,990	1,030	955	1.8	1.9	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,460	1,710	1,755	3.2	3.2	3.2
2011 to 2015	1,660	805	860	1.5	1.5	1.6
2016 to 2021	1,800	905	900	1.7	1.7	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	770	390	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,060	3,570	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	815	405	410	11.5	11.3	11.7
5 to 14 years	1,220	605	620	17.3	16.9	17.8
15 to 24 years	885	370	520	12.5	10.4	14.9
25 to 44 years	3,745	2,000	1,745	53.0	56.0	50.0
45 years and over	390	190	200	5.5	5.3	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,060	3,570	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,300	610	685	18.4	17.1	19.6
Brazil	135	65	70	1.9	1.8	2.0
Colombia	405	175	230	5.7	4.9	6.6
El Salvador	90	55	35	1.3	1.5	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	180	90	95	2.5	2.5	2.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	80	45	35	1.1	1.3	1.0
Peru	50	20	35	0.7	0.6	1.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	95	45	50	1.3	1.3	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	265	120	150	3.8	3.4	4.3
Europe	2,070	1,105	960	29.3	31.0	27.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	285	155	125	4.0	4.3	3.6
Croatia	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
France	1,065	600	460	15.1	16.8	13.2
Germany	50	10	35	0.7	0.3	1.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portugal	35	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.7
Romania	60	30	35	0.8	0.8	1.0
Russian Federation	55	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	50	25	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	335	180	155	4.7	5.0	4.4
Africa	3,310	1,680	1,630	46.9	47.1	46.7
Algeria	385	210	175	5.5	5.9	5.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	165	70	100	2.3	2.0	2.9
Egypt	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	415	220	200	5.9	6.2	5.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	2,275	1,155	1,120	32.2	32.4	32.1
Asia	380	170	215	5.4	4.8	6.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	55	45	15	0.8	1.3	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	45	75	1.8	1.3	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,800	900	900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	190	95	100	10.6	10.6	11.1
Brazil	35	15	25	1.9	1.7	2.8
Colombia	45	20	20	2.5	2.2	2.2
Haiti	20	10	15	1.1	1.1	1.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	15	1.7	2.2	1.7
United States of America	15	10	0	0.8	1.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	1.7	1.7	1.7
Europe	275	155	115	15.3	17.2	12.8
France	230	135	95	12.8	15.0	10.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	1.9	2.2	1.7
Africa	1,255	605	650	69.7	67.2	72.2
Algeria	130	70	65	7.2	7.8	7.2
Burundi	90	35	50	5.0	3.9	5.6
Cameroon	185	70	115	10.3	7.8	12.8
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60	25	35	3.3	2.8	3.9
Côte d'Ivoire	455	225	225	25.3	25.0	25.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	90	55	35	5.0	6.1	3.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	30	20	10	1.7	2.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	210	105	110	11.7	11.7	12.2
Asia	85	45	35	4.7	5.0	3.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	35	15	2.8	3.9	1.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,770	52,950	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,270	4,155	4,110	7.7	7.8	7.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,735	2,380	2,355	4.4	4.5	4.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	94,770	46,415	48,350	87.9	87.7	88.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,565	3,300	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,775	2,000	1,775	57.5	60.6	54.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,690	1,195	490	25.7	36.2	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,085	805	1,280	31.8	24.4	39.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,430	595	840	21.8	18.0	25.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,330	700	630	20.3	21.2	19.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,565	3,300	3,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	185	115	75	2.8	3.5	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	430	270	160	6.5	8.2	4.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	85	80	2.4	2.6	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	400	235	165	6.1	7.1	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	35	0.8	0.5	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,335	2,580	2,755	81.3	78.2	84.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,770	52,950	54,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,110	3,435	3,675	6.6	6.5	6.7
South Asian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black	3,715	1,865	1,850	3.4	3.5	3.4
Filipino	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	1,235	605	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Latin American	1,270	615	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Southeast Asian	210	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,665	49,515	51,145	93.4	93.5	93.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,770	52,950	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	40,965	19,950	21,015	38.0	37.7	38.3
English	1,080	535	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
Irish	4,245	2,030	2,215	3.9	3.8	4.0
Scottish	1,465	670	795	1.4	1.3	1.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	26,785	13,570	13,225	24.9	25.6	24.1
German	1,105	475	625	1.0	0.9	1.1
Chinese	355	125	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italian	1,110	505	615	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indian (India)	120	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukrainian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	220	135	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
Québécois	14,930	7,245	7,685	13.9	13.7	14.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Filipino	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
French Canadian	10,235	5,030	5,200	9.5	9.5	9.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215	1,150	1,065	2.1	2.2	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,650	765	885	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	585	285	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,360	665	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
American	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	375	215	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swedish	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	1,090	485	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pakistani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	725	335	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jewish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	415	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,335	680	650	1.2	1.3	1.2
Danish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	455	250	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	390	210	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	215	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	210	60	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	505	240	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	390	190	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	190	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	205	140	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	160	80	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	365	155	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moldovan	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	255	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Norman	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	445	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamileke	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,770	52,950	54,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	74,350	35,255	39,100	69.0	66.6	71.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,540	3,325	3,215	6.1	6.3	5.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baptist	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catholic	65,930	31,070	34,860	61.2	58.7	63.6
Christian Orthodox	335	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	405	160	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	480	200	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,395	1,200	1,200	2.2	2.3	2.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	195	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	30,610	16,275	14,335	28.4	30.7	26.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,745	52,380	54,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,685	47,105	48,575	89.6	89.9	89.4
Movers	11,065	5,280	5,785	10.4	10.1	10.6
Non-migrants	9,015	4,295	4,720	8.4	8.2	8.7
Migrants	2,045	980	1,070	1.9	1.9	2.0
Internal migrants	1,750	860	895	1.6	1.6	1.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,595	765	830	1.5	1.5	1.5
Interprovincial migrants	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	295	120	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,225	50,090	52,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,625	32,345	33,280	64.2	64.6	63.8
Movers	36,595	17,740	18,855	35.8	35.4	36.2
Non-migrants	25,515	12,335	13,180	25.0	24.6	25.3
Migrants	11,085	5,405	5,680	10.8	10.8	10.9
Internal migrants	9,200	4,500	4,700	9.0	9.0	9.0
Intraprovincial migrants	8,650	4,240	4,410	8.5	8.5	8.5
Interprovincial migrants	550	260	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
External migrants	1,885	905	980	1.8	1.8	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,560	43,105	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,165	7,485	6,680	16.0	17.4	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,395	35,625	38,775	84.0	82.6	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,575	28,040	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,610	3,395	2,215	9.9	12.1	7.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,970	24,655	26,320	90.1	87.9	92.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,560	43,105	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,080	5,990	6,090	13.6	13.9	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,085	9,290	10,790	22.7	21.6	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,400	27,820	28,580	63.7	64.5	62.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,225	19,425	18,800	43.2	45.1	41.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,970	9,725	6,245	18.0	22.6	13.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,380	5,890	5,490	12.9	13.7	12.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,590	3,835	755	5.2	8.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,825	8,340	10,480	21.3	19.3	23.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,425	1,360	2,070	3.9	3.2	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,175	8,395	9,780	20.5	19.5	21.5
Bachelor's degree	12,055	5,430	6,625	13.6	12.6	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,455	625	830	1.6	1.4	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	150	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	3,845	1,845	2,000	4.3	4.3	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	575	355	225	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,575	28,045	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,175	2,390	1,780	7.4	8.5	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,150	4,765	4,385	16.2	17.0	15.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,250	20,885	22,365	76.4	74.5	78.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,695	14,630	14,065	50.7	52.2	49.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,390	7,365	5,025	21.9	26.3	17.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,955	4,520	4,435	15.8	16.1	15.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,435	2,845	595	6.1	10.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,055	6,345	7,705	24.8	22.6	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,250	920	1,330	4.0	3.3	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,555	6,250	8,305	25.7	22.3	29.1
Bachelor's degree	9,535	4,050	5,485	16.9	14.4	19.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,175	455	720	2.1	1.6	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	45	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	3,225	1,430	1,795	5.7	5.1	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	270	215	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,565	43,105	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,165	15,285	16,875	36.3	35.5	37.1
Education	4,130	1,040	3,090	4.7	2.4	6.8
13. Education	4,130	1,040	3,090	4.7	2.4	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,925	915	1,010	2.2	2.1	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	535	345	190	0.6	0.8	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	1,385	570	820	1.6	1.3	1.8
Humanities	2,815	1,125	1,695	3.2	2.6	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	395	105	295	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,550	665	890	1.8	1.5	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	440	100	345	0.5	0.2	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,075	1,820	3,255	5.7	4.2	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	605	220	385	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	115	945	1.2	0.3	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	355	655	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210	50	160	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	790	205	580	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,365	860	500	1.5	2.0	1.1
Business, management and public administration	13,205	4,805	8,400	14.9	11.1	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	935	220	720	1.1	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,260	4,580	7,680	13.8	10.6	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,805	1,055	750	2.0	2.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	745	365	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	365	300	70	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,050	2,250	795	3.4	5.2	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,705	2,115	590	3.1	4.9	1.3
25. Library science	170	30	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,240	10,360	880	12.7	24.0	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	310	225	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,370	1,180	185	1.5	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,550	2,245	300	2.9	5.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,115	2,950	165	3.5	6.8	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,465	2,380	85	2.8	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,435	1,375	60	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,040	665	375	1.2	1.5	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	540	275	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	395	110	0.6	0.9	0.2
Health and related fields	7,735	1,450	6,280	8.7	3.4	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,245	1,200	6,045	8.2	2.8	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,345	2,340	2,015	4.9	5.4	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	705	1,675	2.7	1.6	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	820	605	220	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,100	985	110	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,580	28,045	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,325	7,160	6,165	23.6	25.5	21.6
Education	2,895	655	2,240	5.1	2.3	7.9
13. Education	2,895	655	2,240	5.1	2.3	7.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	735	810	2.7	2.6	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	260	150	0.7	0.9	0.5
50. Visual and performing arts	1,135	475	660	2.0	1.7	2.3
Humanities	1,800	720	1,085	3.2	2.6	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	60	220	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	935	430	505	1.7	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	305	70	240	0.5	0.2	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,020	1,315	2,705	7.1	4.7	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	505	175	330	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	90	815	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	760	225	535	1.3	0.8	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	45	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	625	135	490	1.1	0.5	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,050	630	410	1.9	2.2	1.4
Business, management and public administration	10,220	3,510	6,710	18.1	12.5	23.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	745	145	600	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,470	3,365	6,105	16.7	12.0	21.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,190	720	465	2.1	2.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	300	325	1.1	1.1	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
40. Physical sciences	265	220	45	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	85	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,650	1,990	660	4.7	7.1	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,420	1,910	515	4.3	6.8	1.8
25. Library science	130	20	105	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,575	7,790	785	15.2	27.8	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	240	155	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	1,115	930	185	2.0	3.3	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,925	1,685	240	3.4	6.0	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,405	2,260	135	4.3	8.1	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,795	1,715	75	3.2	6.1	0.3
48. Precision production	1,095	1,035	60	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	510	320	1.5	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	425	205	220	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	305	100	0.7	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	5,995	1,080	4,915	10.6	3.9	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	135	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,630	925	4,705	10.0	3.3	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,500	1,855	1,645	6.2	6.6	5.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,930	565	1,370	3.4	2.0	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	655	470	185	1.2	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	870	785	85	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,580	28,045	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,325	7,160	6,165	23.6	25.5	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,250	20,885	22,365	76.4	74.5	78.4
Location of study inside Canada	40,705	19,540	21,165	71.9	69.7	74.2
Same as province or territory of residence	40,230	19,275	20,960	71.1	68.7	73.5
Different than province or territory of residence	475	270	210	0.8	1.0	0.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,545	1,345	1,195	4.5	4.8	4.2
Americas	525	260	260	0.9	0.9	0.9
United States of America	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	125	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Colombia	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	965	580	390	1.7	2.1	1.4
Belgium	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	605	365	240	1.1	1.3	0.8
Germany	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	965	490	475	1.7	1.7	1.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	135	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	575	280	295	1.0	1.0	1.0
Asia	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,560	43,105	45,455	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,455	30,030	28,425	...	...	...
Employed	54,805	28,260	26,545	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,650	1,770	1,880	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,110	13,075	17,035	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.0	69.7	62.5	66.0	69.7	62.5
Employment rate	61.9	65.6	58.4	61.9	65.6	58.4
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.9	6.6	6.2	5.9	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,565	43,105	45,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,790	12,510	16,280	32.5	29.0	35.8
Worked	59,770	30,595	29,175	67.5	71.0	64.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,580	18,440	16,140	39.0	42.8	35.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,195	12,155	13,035	28.4	28.2	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.7	42.5	43.1	43.7	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,450	30,030	28,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	385	445	1.4	1.3	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,625	29,645	27,980	98.6	98.7	98.5
Employee	52,705	26,680	26,025	90.2	88.8	91.6
Permanent position	45,335	23,150	22,185	77.6	77.1	78.1
Temporary position	7,365	3,530	3,840	12.6	11.8	13.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,555	1,095	1,465	4.4	3.6	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,805	2,430	2,375	8.2	8.1	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,920	2,965	1,950	8.4	9.9	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,450	30,030	28,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	385	445	1.4	1.3	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,625	29,645	27,980	98.6	98.7	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	780	555	230	1.3	1.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,355	3,635	7,725	19.4	12.1	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,765	4,495	1,275	9.9	15.0	4.5
3 Health occupations	5,620	1,110	4,505	9.6	3.7	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,480	2,420	5,055	12.8	8.1	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,585	805	780	2.7	2.7	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	14,685	7,365	7,320	25.1	24.5	25.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,605	8,015	595	14.7	26.7	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	305	250	60	0.5	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,440	1,000	440	2.5	3.3	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,450	30,030	28,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	385	445	1.4	1.3	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	57,625	29,645	27,980	98.6	98.7	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	345	285	55	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	3,780	3,330	450	6.5	11.1	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,465	2,570	895	5.9	8.6	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,700	1,250	450	2.9	4.2	1.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,190	3,695	3,485	12.3	12.3	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,415	1,990	430	4.1	6.6	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	710	490	220	1.2	1.6	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,580	1,095	1,480	4.4	3.6	5.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	875	530	350	1.5	1.8	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,075	2,410	1,670	7.0	8.0	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,315	1,460	850	4.0	4.9	3.0
61 Educational services	3,925	1,120	2,805	6.7	3.7	9.9
62 Health care and social assistance	9,355	1,905	7,455	16.0	6.3	26.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	705	385	325	1.2	1.3	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,540	1,810	1,725	6.1	6.0	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,295	1,140	1,150	3.9	3.8	4.0
91 Public administration	8,075	4,010	4,060	13.8	13.4	14.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,340	31,930	30,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	405	255	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
French	53,720	26,565	27,150	86.2	83.2	89.3
Non-official language	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	7,835	4,945	2,890	12.6	15.5	9.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	145	35	110	0.2	0.1	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,340	31,930	30,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,455	31,330	30,120	98.6	98.1	99.0
Official languages	61,380	31,290	30,090	98.5	98.0	98.9
English	1,160	730	430	1.9	2.3	1.4
French	60,225	30,565	29,660	96.6	95.7	97.5
Non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	890	595	295	1.4	1.9	1.0
English and French	835	580	255	1.3	1.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,340	31,930	30,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,010	27,420	27,590	88.2	85.9	90.7
English	6,325	3,910	2,415	10.1	12.2	7.9
French	735	475	260	1.2	1.5	0.9
Non-official language	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,805	28,255	26,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,105	5,890	6,215	22.1	20.8	23.4
Worked outside Canada	60	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	5,680	4,335	1,350	10.4	15.3	5.1
Usual place of work	36,960	17,970	18,985	67.4	63.6	71.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	36,955	17,970	18,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,225	15,460	17,760	89.9	86.0	93.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	970	590	375	2.6	3.3	2.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,710	1,895	820	7.3	10.5	4.3
Commute to a different province or territory	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,635	22,305	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,955	19,700	17,255	86.7	88.3	84.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,555	18,770	15,785	81.0	84.2	77.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,395	930	1,465	5.6	4.2	7.2
Public transit	3,425	1,425	1,990	8.0	6.4	9.8
Walked	1,325	635	690	3.1	2.8	3.4
Bicycle	250	195	55	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	690	345	345	1.6	1.5	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,635	22,305	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,520	5,935	6,585	29.4	26.6	32.4
15 to 29 minutes	21,215	11,380	9,830	49.8	51.0	48.4
30 to 44 minutes	6,200	3,560	2,640	14.5	16.0	13.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,585	715	870	3.7	3.2	4.3
60 minutes and over	1,120	715	405	2.6	3.2	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,635	22,305	20,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,160	1,595	565	5.1	7.2	2.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,825	5,835	2,995	20.7	26.2	14.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,470	6,750	7,715	33.9	30.3	37.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,630	3,265	4,365	17.9	14.6	21.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,370	1,510	1,855	7.9	6.8	9.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,175	3,345	2,830	14.5	15.0	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,875	11,740	11,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,755	850	905	7.7	7.2	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,115	10,890	10,230	92.3	92.8	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,895	8,655	8,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,355	650	710	8.0	7.5	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	965	455	515	5.7	5.3	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	390	195	195	2.3	2.3	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,535	8,010	7,535	92.0	92.5	91.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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