Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chambly, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	31,444	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	29,120	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	12,609	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	12,405	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,253.7	...	...	1,253.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	25.08	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	31,445	15,360	16,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,730	3,430	3,300	21.4	22.3	20.5
0 to 4 years	1,935	1,000	940	6.2	6.5	5.8
5 to 9 years	2,425	1,230	1,200	7.7	8.0	7.5
10 to 14 years	2,365	1,210	1,160	7.5	7.9	7.2
15 to 64 years	20,200	9,900	10,300	64.2	64.5	64.0
15 to 19 years	1,790	900	885	5.7	5.9	5.5
20 to 24 years	1,310	665	645	4.2	4.3	4.0
25 to 29 years	1,560	785	775	5.0	5.1	4.8
30 to 34 years	2,005	925	1,080	6.4	6.0	6.7
35 to 39 years	2,650	1,300	1,355	8.4	8.5	8.4
40 to 44 years	2,790	1,360	1,430	8.9	8.9	8.9
45 to 49 years	2,255	1,135	1,125	7.2	7.4	7.0
50 to 54 years	1,920	970	950	6.1	6.3	5.9
55 to 59 years	2,060	1,000	1,060	6.6	6.5	6.6
60 to 64 years	1,865	870	995	5.9	5.7	6.2
65 years and over	4,510	2,030	2,480	14.3	13.2	15.4
65 to 69 years	1,415	685	730	4.5	4.5	4.5
70 to 74 years	1,315	630	685	4.2	4.1	4.3
75 to 79 years	825	405	420	2.6	2.6	2.6
80 to 84 years	490	190	310	1.6	1.2	1.9
85 years and over	460	120	340	1.5	0.8	2.1
85 to 89 years	280	90	190	0.9	0.6	1.2
90 to 94 years	145	35	115	0.5	0.2	0.7
95 to 99 years	30	5	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.4	22.3	20.5	21.4	22.3	20.5
15 to 64 years	64.2	64.5	64.0	64.2	64.5	64.0
65 years and over	14.3	13.2	15.4	14.3	13.2	15.4
85 years and over	1.5	0.8	2.1	1.5	0.8	2.1
Average age of the population	38.8	37.8	39.6	38.8	37.8	39.6
Median age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.0	39.6	38.8	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,765	...	...	54.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	925	...	...	7.5	...	...
Row house	300	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	300	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,085	...	...	32.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,235	...	...	26.1	...	...
2 persons	4,105	...	...	33.1	...	...
3 persons	2,035	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	2,135	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	895	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	30,900	15,230	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,715	11,930	12,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	15,290	7,620	7,665	61.9	63.9	60.0
Married	7,760	3,870	3,895	31.4	32.4	30.5
Living common-law	7,525	3,755	3,775	30.4	31.5	29.5
Living common law - Never married	6,250	3,120	3,135	25.3	26.2	24.5
Living common law - Separated	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,095	545	545	4.4	4.6	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	120	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	9,420	4,305	5,115	38.1	36.1	40.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,535	3,350	3,190	26.4	28.1	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	270	125	145	1.1	1.0	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,505	550	950	6.1	4.6	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,115	280	830	4.5	2.3	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,155	...	...	46.0	...	...
3 persons	2,005	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 persons	2,125	...	...	23.5	...	...
5 or more persons	745	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,580	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	3,815	...	...	42.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,960	...	...	21.7	...	...
Without children	1,855	...	...	20.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,765	...	...	41.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,270	...	...	25.1	...	...
Without children	1,495	...	...	16.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,455	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,025	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	430	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	30,900	15,225	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	26,755	13,260	13,495	86.6	87.1	86.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,155	7,565	7,595	49.0	49.7	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	1,455	430	1,025	4.7	2.8	6.5
Children⁶	10,140	5,270	4,880	32.8	34.6	31.1
In a two-parent family	7,885	4,070	3,815	25.5	26.7	24.3
In a one-parent family	2,255	1,195	1,065	7.3	7.8	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,140	1,965	2,175	13.4	12.9	13.9
Living alone	3,235	1,520	1,715	10.5	10.0	10.9
Living with other relatives⁷	425	170	260	1.4	1.1	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	480	275	205	1.6	1.8	1.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,485	...	...	68.4	...	...
Couple-family households	7,190	...	...	58.0	...	...
With children⁶	4,025	...	...	32.4	...	...
Without children	3,165	...	...	25.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,295	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	195	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	200	...	...	1.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	250	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	3,235	...	...	26.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	24,170	11,795	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,585	11,530	12,055	97.6	97.8	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	59,200	46,400	51,600	59,200	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,605	11,540	12,065	97.7	97.8	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	49,200	40,400	44,400	49,200	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,255	11,055	11,205	92.1	93.7	90.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,800	38,000	45,600	54,800	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,125	9,670	9,445	79.1	82.0	76.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,800	42,400	48,000	56,800	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,995	7,855	10,145	74.5	66.6	82.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,200	10,200	9,400	8,200	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,695	1,325	1,375	11.2	11.2	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,320	6,160	5,680	5,320	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,400	3,270	3,130	26.5	27.7	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	7,000	6,000	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	24,170	11,800	12,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,615	11,515	12,100	97.7	97.6	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,750	68,100	53,800	60,750	68,100	53,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,645	11,525	12,120	97.8	97.7	98.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,960	53,650	44,480	48,960	53,650	44,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,285	11,005	11,275	92.2	93.3	91.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	63,700	46,600	55,050	63,700	46,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,120	9,580	9,545	79.1	81.2	77.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,850	62,400	49,280	55,850	62,400	49,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,960	7,780	10,180	74.3	65.9	82.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,610	10,680	12,330	11,610	10,680	12,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,815	1,315	1,505	11.6	11.1	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,670	5,900	9,210	7,670	5,900	9,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,310	3,200	3,110	26.1	27.1	25.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,820	7,600	8,050	7,820	7,600	8,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	24,170	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,440	5,455	4,990	43.2	46.2	40.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	77,500	61,200	70,000	77,500	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,900	83,600	71,700	77,900	83,600	71,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,155	3,325	3,825	29.6	28.2	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	29,400	19,200	22,000	29,400	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680	39,520	26,720	32,680	39,520	26,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4	89.4	80.8	85.4	89.4	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	76.2	72.2	74.4	76.2	72.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.5	10.6	19.3	14.5	10.6	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	2.1	1.5	1.0	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.4	4.6	4.0	3.4	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.1	3.9	3.4	3.1	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	24,175	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	585	270	320	2.4	2.3	2.6
With total income	23,585	11,535	12,055	97.6	97.8	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,420	600	825	6.0	5.2	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,960	735	1,225	8.3	6.4	10.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,735	1,100	1,635	11.6	9.5	13.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,440	1,015	1,430	10.3	8.8	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,775	1,280	1,490	11.8	11.1	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,465	1,135	1,335	10.5	9.8	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,170	1,110	1,060	9.2	9.6	8.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,700	905	800	7.2	7.8	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,590	880	705	6.7	7.6	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,130	660	470	4.8	5.7	3.9
$100,000 and over	3,200	2,110	1,090	13.6	18.3	9.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,390	1,490	900	10.1	12.9	7.5
$150,000 and over	810	620	190	3.4	5.4	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	24,175	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	570	260	310	2.4	2.2	2.5
With after-tax income	23,600	11,535	12,060	97.6	97.8	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,530	630	900	6.5	5.5	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,110	800	1,310	8.9	6.9	10.9
$20,000 to $29,999	3,240	1,320	1,920	13.7	11.4	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,315	1,500	1,810	14.0	13.0	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,440	1,645	1,790	14.6	14.3	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,995	1,515	1,480	12.7	13.1	12.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	1,300	1,090	10.1	11.3	9.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,690	940	745	7.2	8.1	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	645	440	4.6	5.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	670	420	250	2.8	3.6	2.1
$100,000 and over	1,150	825	325	4.9	7.2	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	670	455	215	2.8	3.9	1.8
$125,000 and over	475	370	105	2.0	3.2	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	24,175	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,050	2,125	2,930	20.9	18.0	23.7
With employment income	19,120	9,675	9,450	79.1	82.0	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,930	965	965	10.1	10.0	10.2
$5,000 to $9,999	1,185	505	680	6.2	5.2	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,885	780	1,110	9.9	8.1	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,570	620	950	8.2	6.4	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,520	710	810	7.9	7.3	8.6
$40,000 to $49,999	1,795	750	1,045	9.4	7.8	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,655	765	895	8.7	7.9	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,505	795	715	7.9	8.2	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,290	735	550	6.7	7.6	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,295	710	590	6.8	7.3	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	860	535	325	4.5	5.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	2,635	1,810	825	13.8	18.7	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,375	900	480	7.2	9.3	5.1
$125,000 and over	1,255	915	345	6.6	9.5	3.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	24,170	11,795	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,180	11,325	11,850	95.9	96.0	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	59,200	43,600	50,400	59,200	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,190	11,330	11,860	95.9	96.1	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,400	43,200	48,800	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,955	10,910	11,045	90.8	92.5	89.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,400	38,000	46,000	56,400	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,110	9,660	9,455	79.1	81.9	76.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	58,400	41,200	48,400	58,400	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,020	6,695	9,325	66.3	56.8	75.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280	4,120	7,850	6,280	4,120	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,695	1,355	1,340	11.2	11.5	10.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	3,960	6,400	4,800	3,960	6,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	24,170	11,800	12,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,175	11,300	11,875	95.9	95.8	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,750	66,800	49,160	57,750	66,800	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,190	11,300	11,890	95.9	95.8	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	52,350	40,760	46,400	52,350	40,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,920	10,875	11,050	90.7	92.2	89.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,550	64,600	44,600	54,550	64,600	44,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,095	9,540	9,555	79.0	80.8	77.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	62,700	46,120	54,400	62,700	46,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,925	6,570	9,355	65.9	55.7	75.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,950	9,740	9,000	7,950	9,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,710	1,350	1,360	11.2	11.4	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	4,956	10,120	7,550	4,956	10,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	24,170	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,385	5,420	4,960	43.0	45.9	40.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	75,000	56,800	66,500	75,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,400	79,800	62,200	71,400	79,800	62,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,740	3,150	3,595	27.9	26.7	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	35,600	24,200	28,400	35,600	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,120	45,680	31,480	38,120	45,680	31,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	93.0	84.4	89.2	93.0	84.4
Employment income (%)	77.6	79.2	75.6	77.6	79.2	75.6
Government transfers (%)	10.7	6.9	15.6	10.7	6.9	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.4	1.5	0.9	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	12,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	12,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	115,700	...	...	115,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,850	...	...	57,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...	47,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	115	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	265	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	280	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	335	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	435	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	395	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	775	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	815	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	775	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	765	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	720	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,245	...	...	50.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,700	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,370	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,800	...	...	14.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,380	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	130	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	365	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	345	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	470	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	525	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	470	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,025	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	990	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	870	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	880	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,785	...	...	38.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,870	...	...	15.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,290	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,620	...	...	13.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	154,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,715	1,795	1,915	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	52,400	43,200	47,600	52,400	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,400	38,000	40,800	44,400	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,600	...	...	169,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,900	...	...	88,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,680	1,780	1,900	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,200	61,100	51,650	56,200	61,100	51,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,920	49,080	42,920	45,920	49,080	42,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	30,900	15,225	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,880	4,010	3,870	25.5	26.3	24.7
0 to 5 years	2,415	1,240	1,170	7.8	8.1	7.5
18 to 64 years	19,025	9,305	9,720	61.6	61.1	62.0
65 years and over	3,990	1,910	2,080	12.9	12.5	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,615	690	915	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	350	175	175	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	45	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	790	345	445	...	...	...
65 years and over	475	170	300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2	4.5	5.9	5.2	4.5	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.3	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	3.4	4.6	4.0	3.4	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	3.8	4.5	4.2	3.8	4.5
65 years and over (%)	11.8	8.9	14.5	11.8	8.9	14.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	30,900	15,225	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,880	4,010	3,870	25.5	26.3	24.7
0 to 5 years	2,415	1,245	1,170	7.8	8.2	7.5
18 to 64 years	19,025	9,305	9,720	61.6	61.1	62.0
65 years and over	3,995	1,915	2,080	12.9	12.6	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	795	350	445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	160	75	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	15	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	485	225	260	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	50	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.3	2.8	2.6	2.3	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.0	1.8	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.2	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.7
65 years and over (%)	3.8	2.8	4.6	3.8	2.8	4.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	30,900	15,225	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	12,060	5,710	6,350	39.0	37.5	40.5
In bottom decile	1,265	545	720	4.1	3.6	4.6
In second decile	1,995	920	1,075	6.5	6.0	6.9
In third decile	2,425	1,130	1,295	7.8	7.4	8.3
In fourth decile	3,050	1,465	1,590	9.9	9.6	10.1
In fifth decile	3,325	1,655	1,675	10.8	10.9	10.7
In top half of the distribution	18,835	9,515	9,320	61.0	62.5	59.5
In sixth decile	3,820	1,895	1,925	12.4	12.4	12.3
In seventh decile	4,375	2,205	2,175	14.2	14.5	13.9
In eighth decile	4,160	2,120	2,040	13.5	13.9	13.0
In ninth decile	3,860	1,955	1,905	12.5	12.8	12.2
In top decile	2,625	1,350	1,280	8.5	8.9	8.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	30,900	...	...	30,900	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.356	...	...	0.356	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.234	...	...	0.234	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	31,155	15,285	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	350	180	170	1.1	1.2	1.1
French only	13,910	6,235	7,680	44.6	40.8	48.4
English and French	16,775	8,830	7,950	53.8	57.8	50.1
Neither English nor French	115	45	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	31,155	15,285	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,740	900	845	5.6	5.9	5.3
French	28,565	13,980	14,585	91.7	91.5	91.9
English and French	740	365	375	2.4	2.4	2.4
Neither English nor French	105	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	31,155	15,285	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,265	14,835	15,430	97.1	97.1	97.2
Official languages	28,285	13,900	14,385	90.8	90.9	90.6
English	1,295	670	630	4.2	4.4	4.0
French	26,985	13,235	13,755	86.6	86.6	86.7
Non-official languages	1,985	935	1,050	6.4	6.1	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,980	935	1,045	6.4	6.1	6.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	205	190	1.3	1.3	1.2
Berber languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	355	185	170	1.1	1.2	1.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	355	185	170	1.1	1.2	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,200	560	645	3.9	3.7	4.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	70	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	190	105	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	95	80	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	170	95	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
Dari	115	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	785	350	430	2.5	2.3	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	140	60	80	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	440	195	240	1.4	1.3	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	885	450	440	2.8	2.9	2.8
English and French	550	290	265	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	215	105	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	31,155	15,285	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	950	490	460	3.0	3.2	2.9
French	25,890	12,650	13,235	83.1	82.8	83.4
Non-official language	530	250	280	1.7	1.6	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	530	250	280	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	2,165	1,125	1,040	6.9	7.4	6.6
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	845	390	460	2.7	2.6	2.9
English, French and non-official language(s)	595	295	300	1.9	1.9	1.9
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	31,155	15,285	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	30,280	14,855	15,425	97.2	97.2	97.2
Official languages	29,270	14,375	14,900	93.9	94.0	93.9
English	1,485	770	715	4.8	5.0	4.5
French	27,790	13,605	14,185	89.2	89.0	89.4
Non-official languages	1,010	485	525	3.2	3.2	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,010	485	525	3.2	3.2	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	75	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	70	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	695	325	365	2.2	2.1	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	75	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	465	215	250	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	275	125	150	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	875	430	445	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	505	260	250	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	70	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	240	115	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	31,155	15,285	15,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	28,080	13,735	14,340	90.1	89.9	90.4
English	1,420	740	680	4.6	4.8	4.3
French	685	340	340	2.2	2.2	2.1
Non-official language	550	255	290	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	550	255	290	1.8	1.7	1.8
English and French	140	70	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	185	85	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	30,900	15,230	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	30,795	15,190	15,605	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	17,090	9,070	8,015	55.3	59.6	51.1
French	30,440	14,985	15,450	98.5	98.4	98.6
Non-official languages	3,815	1,765	2,050	12.3	11.6	13.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,815	1,765	2,050	12.3	11.6	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	640	310	330	2.1	2.0	2.1
Berber languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	605	300	305	2.0	2.0	1.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	600	295	305	1.9	1.9	1.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Merina	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	280	130	155	0.9	0.9	1.0
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,395	1,070	1,320	7.8	7.0	8.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	95	160	0.8	0.6	1.0
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	250	95	155	0.8	0.6	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	185	70	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	155	70	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	50	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
German	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	260	140	115	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	135	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	240	135	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
Dari	170	95	70	0.6	0.6	0.4
Iranian Persian	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,820	805	1,015	5.9	5.3	6.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	100	115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	210	105	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	165	75	90	0.5	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,330	575	755	4.3	3.8	4.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	100	90	0.6	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolof	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	100	105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	205	100	105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	120	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,900	15,225	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	380	200	185	1.2	1.3	1.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	360	195	170	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	220	120	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Métis	140	65	75	0.5	0.4	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	30,515	15,025	15,490	98.8	98.7	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	30,900	15,225	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,830	15,195	15,635	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	9,200	...	...	74.2	...	...
Renter	3,200	...	...	25.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,300	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not condominium	10,100	...	...	81.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	780	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,550	...	...	28.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,420	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,615	...	...	29.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,290	...	...	26.5	...	...
5 rooms	1,665	...	...	13.4	...	...
6 rooms	1,180	...	...	9.5	...	...
7 rooms	1,605	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,670	...	...	37.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	12,370	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	12,175	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	225	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,110	...	...	8.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,615	...	...	21.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,765	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,860	...	...	15.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	945	...	...	7.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,310	...	...	10.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,590	...	...	12.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,215	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,950	...	...	96.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	455	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,905	...	...	47.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,265	...	...	50.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	235	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	170	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,685	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,085	...	...	24.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,530	...	...	20.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,400	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,625	...	...	13.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	775	...	...	6.2	...	...
85 years and over	135	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,960	...	...	88.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,435	...	...	11.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,310	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	12,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,020	...	...	16.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,345	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not suitable only	195	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	380	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,385	...	...	83.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	435	...	...	3.5	...	...
Not in core need	11,840	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.2	...	...	76.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,428	...	...	1,428	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	436,400	...	...	436,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,200	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.3	...	...	21.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	30,895	15,225	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	255	135	120	0.8	0.9	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	250	125	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	215	110	110	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	920	420	495	3.0	2.8	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	915	420	490	3.0	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	830	380	450	2.7	2.5	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	29,725	14,665	15,060	96.2	96.3	96.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	30,895	15,225	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,170	14,895	15,270	97.7	97.8	97.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,775	3,960	3,815	25.2	26.0	24.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,390	10,935	11,450	72.5	71.8	73.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	730	330	400	2.4	2.2	2.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	30,895	15,225	15,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	27,940	13,815	14,130	90.4	90.7	90.1
Immigrants⁸¹	2,875	1,370	1,505	9.3	9.0	9.6
Before 1980	340	160	175	1.1	1.1	1.1
1980 to 1990	165	75	95	0.5	0.5	0.6
1991 to 2000	385	200	180	1.2	1.3	1.1
2001 to 2010	905	435	465	2.9	2.9	3.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,085	500	590	3.5	3.3	3.8
2011 to 2015	710	350	355	2.3	2.3	2.3
2016 to 2021	375	145	230	1.2	1.0	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	85	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,870	1,370	1,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	310	150	160	10.8	10.9	10.6
5 to 14 years	475	235	245	16.6	17.2	16.3
15 to 24 years	385	140	250	13.4	10.2	16.6
25 to 44 years	1,575	785	790	54.9	57.3	52.5
45 years and over	125	60	60	4.4	4.4	4.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,870	1,370	1,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	685	305	385	23.9	22.3	25.6
Brazil	85	35	50	3.0	2.6	3.3
Colombia	100	40	60	3.5	2.9	4.0
El Salvador	35	20	15	1.2	1.5	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	140	65	70	4.9	4.7	4.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	10	30	1.2	0.7	2.0
Peru	40	25	20	1.4	1.8	1.3
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	20	30	1.9	1.5	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	195	90	105	6.8	6.6	7.0
Europe	870	410	460	30.3	29.9	30.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	370	200	175	12.9	14.6	11.6
Germany	35	10	25	1.2	0.7	1.7
Greece	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	15	1.0	1.5	1.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	25	1.0	0.7	1.7
Portugal	40	15	20	1.4	1.1	1.3
Romania	55	20	40	1.9	1.5	2.7
Russian Federation	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	15	1.2	1.5	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	210	100	110	7.3	7.3	7.3
Africa	890	460	430	31.0	33.6	28.6
Algeria	140	65	75	4.9	4.7	5.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	0	0.9	1.1	0.0
Egypt	50	30	20	1.7	2.2	1.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	195	105	90	6.8	7.7	6.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.7	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	465	235	235	16.2	17.2	15.6
Asia	420	190	235	14.6	13.9	15.6
Afghanistan	95	50	40	3.3	3.6	2.7
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	30	2.1	2.2	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	20	1.2	0.7	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	45	50	3.5	3.3	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
Viet Nam	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.7
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	30	15	15	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	15	35	1.9	1.1	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	375	145	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	70	30	45	18.7	20.7	19.6
Brazil	25	15	15	6.7	10.3	6.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	0	2.7	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	2.7	0.0	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	30	80	29.3	20.7	34.8
France	55	20	35	14.7	13.8	15.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	0	30	9.3	0.0	13.0
Africa	115	50	60	30.7	34.5	26.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	20	20	10.7	13.8	8.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	0	15	5.3	0.0	6.5
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	9.3	13.8	6.5
Asia	80	35	40	21.3	24.1	17.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	10	9.3	13.8	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	30,900	15,230	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,165	1,500	1,665	10.2	9.8	10.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,695	1,430	1,265	8.7	9.4	8.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	25,040	12,300	12,745	81.0	80.8	81.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,535	1,210	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,615	825	795	63.7	68.2	60.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	745	445	295	29.4	36.8	22.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	870	380	490	34.3	31.4	37.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	595	205	390	23.5	16.9	29.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	310	160	145	12.2	13.2	10.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,535	1,210	1,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	135	90	50	5.3	7.4	3.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	255	105	155	10.1	8.7	11.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	30	35	2.6	2.5	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	85	50	5.1	7.0	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,935	900	1,035	76.3	74.4	78.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	30,900	15,225	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,045	1,490	1,555	9.9	9.8	9.9
South Asian	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese	310	140	170	1.0	0.9	1.1
Black	1,105	540	565	3.6	3.5	3.6
Filipino	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab	600	300	295	1.9	2.0	1.9
Latin American	450	205	245	1.5	1.3	1.6
Southeast Asian	120	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	215	120	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	95	55	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	27,855	13,740	14,120	90.1	90.2	90.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	30,900	15,225	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,785	4,790	4,995	31.7	31.5	31.9
English	565	355	215	1.8	2.3	1.4
Irish	1,895	955	945	6.1	6.3	6.0
Scottish	880	480	400	2.8	3.2	2.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,885	4,445	4,445	28.8	29.2	28.4
German	480	230	255	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese	325	135	190	1.1	0.9	1.2
Italian	1,155	630	525	3.7	4.1	3.4
Indian (India)	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukrainian	135	90	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
Dutch	75	25	55	0.2	0.2	0.4
Polish	180	90	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Québécois	3,980	1,940	2,045	12.9	12.7	13.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	120	70	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Filipino	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	2,305	1,085	1,220	7.5	7.1	7.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	630	305	325	2.0	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	515	235	280	1.7	1.5	1.8
Métis	105	60	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	315	170	145	1.0	1.1	0.9
Russian	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	245	105	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
American	175	105	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Spanish	335	155	180	1.1	1.0	1.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Acadian	375	160	215	1.2	1.1	1.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	295	165	125	1.0	1.1	0.8
Jewish	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	235	115	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
Greek	140	70	70	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	105	55	60	0.3	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	95	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	70	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	125	120	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Belgian	340	165	170	1.1	1.1	1.1
Haitian	380	195	185	1.2	1.3	1.2
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	60	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	125	40	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Moroccan	240	155	90	0.8	1.0	0.6
Czech	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	155	90	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Brazilian	115	65	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	120	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congolese	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	85	40	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Berber	145	85	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	75	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	45	10	40	0.1	0.1	0.3
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	80	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Thai	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dominican	60	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	50	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	140	60	80	0.5	0.4	0.5
Norman	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	50	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	30,900	15,225	15,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Christian	18,985	9,115	9,870	61.4	59.9	63.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,745	835	915	5.6	5.5	5.8
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baptist	85	25	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Catholic	16,180	7,785	8,395	52.4	51.1	53.6
Christian Orthodox	345	180	165	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	255	130	130	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hindu	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Muslim	1,055	540	510	3.4	3.5	3.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	10,725	5,485	5,245	34.7	36.0	33.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	30,465	15,035	15,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	27,395	13,615	13,780	89.9	90.6	89.3
Movers	3,070	1,420	1,650	10.1	9.4	10.7
Non-migrants	1,115	510	605	3.7	3.4	3.9
Migrants	1,955	910	1,045	6.4	6.1	6.8
Internal migrants	1,930	895	1,030	6.3	6.0	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,920	890	1,025	6.3	5.9	6.6
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
External migrants	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	28,905	14,165	14,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,460	8,650	8,810	60.4	61.1	59.8
Movers	11,450	5,515	5,930	39.6	38.9	40.2
Non-migrants	3,145	1,515	1,630	10.9	10.7	11.1
Migrants	8,310	4,010	4,300	28.7	28.3	29.2
Internal migrants	8,020	3,890	4,130	27.7	27.5	28.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,795	3,765	4,035	27.0	26.6	27.4
Interprovincial migrants	220	125	95	0.8	0.9	0.6
External migrants	285	115	170	1.0	0.8	1.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,170	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,860	2,105	1,755	16.0	17.8	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,305	9,690	10,615	84.0	82.1	85.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,175	8,305	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,665	920	745	9.7	11.1	8.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,505	7,385	8,125	90.3	88.9	91.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	24,170	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,400	1,790	1,610	14.1	15.2	13.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,800	2,420	2,385	19.9	20.5	19.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,975	7,590	8,380	66.1	64.3	67.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,765	4,905	4,860	40.4	41.6	39.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,555	2,115	1,440	14.7	17.9	11.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,490	1,280	1,210	10.3	10.8	9.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,060	830	230	4.4	7.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,110	2,315	2,795	21.1	19.6	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105	470	625	4.6	4.0	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,210	2,685	3,520	25.7	22.8	28.4
Bachelor's degree	4,160	1,820	2,340	17.2	15.4	18.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	550	215	330	2.3	1.8	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	45	85	0.5	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,295	575	720	5.4	4.9	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,170	8,305	8,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,350	720	635	7.9	8.7	7.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,525	1,350	1,175	14.7	16.3	13.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,300	6,240	7,065	77.5	75.1	79.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,805	3,975	3,830	45.5	47.9	43.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,850	1,710	1,140	16.6	20.6	12.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,975	1,020	950	11.5	12.3	10.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	870	680	190	5.1	8.2	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,065	1,885	2,180	23.7	22.7	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	890	385	510	5.2	4.6	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,500	2,265	3,230	32.0	27.3	36.4
Bachelor's degree	3,635	1,505	2,130	21.2	18.1	24.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	475	180	300	2.8	2.2	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	105	30	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	1,190	510	680	6.9	6.1	7.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	24,175	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,200	4,205	3,995	33.9	35.6	32.3
Education	1,120	240	880	4.6	2.0	7.1
13. Education	1,120	240	880	4.6	2.0	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	585	265	320	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	475	205	270	2.0	1.7	2.2
Humanities	820	325	500	3.4	2.8	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	20	75	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	185	310	2.1	1.6	2.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,560	460	1,095	6.5	3.9	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	65	205	1.1	0.6	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	20	270	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	290	105	190	1.2	0.9	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	265	45	220	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	405	210	195	1.7	1.8	1.6
Business, management and public administration	4,120	1,590	2,525	17.0	13.5	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	215	30	185	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,900	1,560	2,340	16.1	13.2	18.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350	175	175	1.4	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	50	0.3	0.1	0.4
40. Physical sciences	110	75	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	965	685	280	4.0	5.8	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	635	225	3.6	5.4	1.8
25. Library science	45	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,125	2,780	345	12.9	23.6	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	155	80	80	0.6	0.7	0.6
14. Engineering	720	600	115	3.0	5.1	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	650	575	80	2.7	4.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	755	710	45	3.1	6.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	510	505	10	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	325	310	20	1.3	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	100	120	0.9	0.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185	95	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health and related fields	1,830	320	1,510	7.6	2.7	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,695	280	1,415	7.0	2.4	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,285	655	625	5.3	5.6	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	570	140	435	2.4	1.2	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	430	305	125	1.8	2.6	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	205	60	1.1	1.7	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,175	8,305	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,875	2,070	1,810	22.6	24.9	20.4
Education	915	170	745	5.3	2.0	8.4
13. Education	915	170	745	5.3	2.0	8.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	465	205	260	2.7	2.5	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	390	160	230	2.3	1.9	2.6
Humanities	600	200	395	3.5	2.4	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	65	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	120	230	2.1	1.4	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,305	355	955	7.6	4.3	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	55	170	1.3	0.7	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	20	245	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	235	80	160	1.4	1.0	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	225	40	195	1.3	0.5	2.2
45. Social sciences	325	150	170	1.9	1.8	1.9
Business, management and public administration	3,480	1,335	2,135	20.3	16.1	24.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	25	150	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,305	1,310	1,990	19.2	15.8	22.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	230	120	115	1.3	1.4	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	30	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	75	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	880	620	255	5.1	7.5	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	780	575	205	4.5	6.9	2.3
25. Library science	45	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,645	2,320	325	15.4	27.9	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	130	55	75	0.8	0.7	0.8
14. Engineering	660	540	115	3.8	6.5	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	545	470	75	3.2	5.7	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	615	570	40	3.6	6.9	0.5
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	440	430	10	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	260	250	10	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	190	90	100	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	75	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	1,530	255	1,280	8.9	3.1	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	30	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,410	225	1,180	8.2	2.7	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,050	560	490	6.1	6.7	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	445	110	335	2.6	1.3	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	280	120	2.3	3.4	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	175	35	1.2	2.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,175	8,305	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,875	2,070	1,810	22.6	24.9	20.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,300	6,235	7,060	77.4	75.1	79.6
Location of study inside Canada	12,270	5,760	6,510	71.4	69.4	73.4
Same as province or territory of residence	12,020	5,625	6,395	70.0	67.7	72.1
Different than province or territory of residence	250	130	115	1.5	1.6	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,030	475	545	6.0	5.7	6.1
Americas	225	105	125	1.3	1.3	1.4
United States of America	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mexico	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	30	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Haiti	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	450	235	215	2.6	2.8	2.4
Belgium	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	265	145	120	1.5	1.7	1.4
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	20	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	255	105	150	1.5	1.3	1.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Egypt	35	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Asia	85	25	60	0.5	0.3	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	24,170	11,800	12,375	...	...	...
In the labour force	17,725	8,855	8,870	...	...	...
Employed	16,920	8,430	8,490	...	...	...
Unemployed	805	425	380	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	6,445	2,940	3,505	...	...	...
Participation rate	73.3	75.0	71.7	73.3	75.0	71.7
Employment rate	70.0	71.4	68.6	70.0	71.4	68.6
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.8	4.3	4.5	4.8	4.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	24,175	11,800	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,200	2,785	3,415	25.6	23.6	27.6
Worked	17,970	9,010	8,960	74.3	76.4	72.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,590	5,565	5,020	43.8	47.2	40.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,380	3,445	3,935	30.5	29.2	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	44.1	42.9	43.5	44.1	42.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,725	8,860	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	155	70	80	0.9	0.8	0.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	17,570	8,785	8,785	99.1	99.2	99.0
Employee	15,745	7,725	8,020	88.8	87.2	90.4
Permanent position	13,840	6,875	6,965	78.1	77.6	78.5
Temporary position	1,905	850	1,055	10.7	9.6	11.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	660	245	420	3.7	2.8	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,245	605	640	7.0	6.8	7.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,825	1,055	765	10.3	11.9	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,725	8,860	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	155	70	80	0.9	0.8	0.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	17,570	8,785	8,785	99.1	99.2	99.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	290	130	2.4	3.3	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,690	1,165	2,530	20.8	13.1	28.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,825	1,455	370	10.3	16.4	4.2
3 Health occupations	1,480	235	1,245	8.3	2.7	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,295	700	1,595	12.9	7.9	18.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	580	280	305	3.3	3.2	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	4,005	1,840	2,160	22.6	20.8	24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,550	2,300	250	14.4	26.0	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	145	110	35	0.8	1.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	575	400	175	3.2	4.5	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,725	8,860	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	155	70	80	0.9	0.8	0.9
All industries¹⁹¹	17,570	8,785	8,785	99.1	99.2	99.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	55	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	225	150	80	1.3	1.7	0.9
23 Construction	1,220	1,085	135	6.9	12.2	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,840	1,225	615	10.4	13.8	6.9
41 Wholesale trade	500	320	175	2.8	3.6	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	2,050	1,015	1,040	11.6	11.5	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	775	530	245	4.4	6.0	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	540	335	205	3.0	3.8	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,110	455	655	6.3	5.1	7.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	310	170	140	1.7	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,705	945	755	9.6	10.7	8.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	555	300	255	3.1	3.4	2.9
61 Educational services	1,230	315	920	6.9	3.6	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	2,330	440	1,900	13.1	5.0	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	295	135	160	1.7	1.5	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	840	400	440	4.7	4.5	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	630	280	355	3.6	3.2	4.0
91 Public administration	1,290	620	670	7.3	7.0	7.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,775	9,395	9,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	650	390	255	3.5	4.2	2.7
French	12,615	6,020	6,595	67.2	64.1	70.3
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,390	2,925	2,465	28.7	31.1	26.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,775	9,395	9,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,880	8,930	8,950	95.2	95.1	95.4
Official languages	17,870	8,920	8,945	95.2	94.9	95.4
English	1,520	875	645	8.1	9.3	6.9
French	16,350	8,055	8,305	87.1	85.7	88.5
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	895	470	430	4.8	5.0	4.6
English and French	875	460	420	4.7	4.9	4.5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,775	9,395	9,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	14,135	6,865	7,270	75.3	73.1	77.5
English	3,675	2,000	1,680	19.6	21.3	17.9
French	855	475	380	4.6	5.1	4.1
Non-official language	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	16,920	8,430	8,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,415	2,065	2,350	26.1	24.5	27.7
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	1,705	1,285	425	10.1	15.2	5.0
Usual place of work	10,770	5,055	5,710	63.7	60.0	67.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,770	5,055	5,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,630	1,145	1,485	24.4	22.7	26.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	505	240	265	4.7	4.7	4.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,605	3,655	3,955	70.6	72.3	69.2
Commute to a different province or territory	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,480	6,345	6,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,890	5,600	5,290	87.3	88.3	86.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10,310	5,335	4,980	82.6	84.1	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	575	265	310	4.6	4.2	5.1
Public transit	815	385	430	6.5	6.1	7.0
Walked	440	160	275	3.5	2.5	4.5
Bicycle	150	100	50	1.2	1.6	0.8
Other method	185	90	95	1.5	1.4	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,480	6,345	6,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,725	1,155	1,565	21.8	18.2	25.5
15 to 29 minutes	4,270	2,125	2,145	34.2	33.5	35.0
30 to 44 minutes	3,400	1,900	1,500	27.2	29.9	24.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,235	715	515	9.9	11.3	8.4
60 minutes and over	845	450	400	6.8	7.1	6.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,480	6,345	6,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,325	1,100	225	10.6	17.3	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,425	1,445	985	19.4	22.8	16.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,590	1,630	1,960	28.8	25.7	31.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,250	840	1,405	18.0	13.2	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,155	405	750	9.3	6.4	12.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,730	920	805	13.9	14.5	13.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,000	4,060	3,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,160	600	555	14.5	14.8	14.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,845	3,455	3,385	85.6	85.1	85.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,900	2,970	2,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855	445	405	14.5	15.0	13.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	685	365	320	11.6	12.3	10.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	80	90	2.9	2.7	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,045	2,525	2,520	85.5	85.0	86.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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