Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Centre-du-QuébecMore information: Quebec [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	250,445	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	242,399	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	119,199	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	112,218	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	36.2	...	...	36.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,921.32	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	250,445	125,725	124,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	41,640	21,505	20,135	16.6	17.1	16.1
0 to 4 years	12,655	6,585	6,070	5.1	5.2	4.9
5 to 9 years	14,250	7,280	6,970	5.7	5.8	5.6
10 to 14 years	14,735	7,635	7,100	5.9	6.1	5.7
15 to 64 years	149,545	76,470	73,070	59.7	60.8	58.6
15 to 19 years	12,655	6,490	6,165	5.1	5.2	4.9
20 to 24 years	11,750	6,165	5,585	4.7	4.9	4.5
25 to 29 years	13,205	6,805	6,400	5.3	5.4	5.1
30 to 34 years	14,085	7,325	6,755	5.6	5.8	5.4
35 to 39 years	14,840	7,660	7,190	5.9	6.1	5.8
40 to 44 years	16,540	8,555	7,990	6.6	6.8	6.4
45 to 49 years	14,075	7,190	6,885	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	14,300	7,280	7,020	5.7	5.8	5.6
55 to 59 years	18,530	9,275	9,255	7.4	7.4	7.4
60 to 64 years	19,560	9,735	9,830	7.8	7.7	7.9
65 years and over	59,265	27,755	31,510	23.7	22.1	25.3
65 to 69 years	18,480	9,240	9,245	7.4	7.3	7.4
70 to 74 years	15,670	7,725	7,935	6.3	6.1	6.4
75 to 79 years	11,170	5,265	5,905	4.5	4.2	4.7
80 to 84 years	7,080	3,120	3,955	2.8	2.5	3.2
85 years and over	6,865	2,400	4,465	2.7	1.9	3.6
85 to 89 years	4,230	1,695	2,535	1.7	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	2,115	585	1,530	0.8	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	455	110	340	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	65	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.1	16.1	16.6	17.1	16.1
15 to 64 years	59.7	60.8	58.6	59.7	60.8	58.6
65 years and over	23.7	22.1	25.3	23.7	22.1	25.3
85 years and over	2.7	1.9	3.6	2.7	1.9	3.6
Average age of the population	44.1	43.1	45.1	44.1	43.1	45.1
Median age of the population	45.2	44.0	46.4	45.2	44.0	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	68,910	...	...	61.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,215	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	1,415	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,470	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	27,315	...	...	24.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	500	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	385	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,010	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	112,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	40,190	...	...	35.8	...	...
2 persons	41,280	...	...	36.8	...	...
3 persons	12,535	...	...	11.2	...	...
4 persons	11,750	...	...	10.5	...	...
5 or more persons	6,465	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	242,805	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	208,805	104,220	104,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	121,220	60,525	60,695	58.1	58.1	58.0
Married	61,310	30,660	30,650	29.4	29.4	29.3
Living common-law	59,915	29,865	30,050	28.7	28.7	28.7
Living common law - Never married	48,385	24,055	24,330	23.2	23.1	23.3
Living common law - Separated	505	255	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	9,665	4,950	4,710	4.6	4.7	4.5
Living common law - Widowed	1,360	600	755	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	87,585	43,695	43,890	41.9	41.9	42.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	58,780	32,920	25,865	28.2	31.6	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,235	1,070	1,170	1.1	1.0	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,930	6,625	8,310	7.2	6.4	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	11,635	3,095	8,545	5.6	3.0	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	69,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	40,295	...	...	58.1	...	...
3 persons	12,000	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	11,325	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	5,715	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	69,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	59,245	...	...	85.5	...	...
Married couples	29,300	...	...	42.3	...	...
With children⁶	8,865	...	...	12.8	...	...
Without children	20,430	...	...	29.5	...	...
Common-law couples	29,945	...	...	43.2	...	...
With children⁶	15,810	...	...	22.8	...	...
Without children	14,135	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,085	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,010	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,075	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	242,805	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	192,645	96,430	96,215	79.3	78.5	80.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	118,490	59,160	59,330	48.8	48.2	49.5
Parents in one-parent families	10,085	3,075	7,010	4.2	2.5	5.8
Children⁶	64,075	34,200	29,875	26.4	27.8	24.9
In a two-parent family	48,105	25,465	22,640	19.8	20.7	18.9
In a one-parent family	15,970	8,730	7,235	6.6	7.1	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50,155	26,425	23,730	20.7	21.5	19.8
Living alone	40,190	20,715	19,475	16.6	16.9	16.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,710	1,825	1,890	1.5	1.5	1.6
Living with non-relatives only	6,255	3,890	2,370	2.6	3.2	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	66,070	...	...	58.9	...	...
Couple-family households	57,105	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	23,755	...	...	21.2	...	...
Without children	33,345	...	...	29.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,970	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	0.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	240	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,655	...	...	1.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,255	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	40,190	...	...	35.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	201,180	101,375	99,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	198,000	99,800	98,200	98.4	98.4	98.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	198,050	99,830	98,215	98.4	98.5	98.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	31,000	34,000	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	176,330	90,895	85,440	87.6	89.7	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,400	24,600	30,400	36,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	139,665	74,605	65,055	69.4	73.6	65.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	28,200	33,600	38,400	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	169,695	82,460	87,235	84.3	81.3	87.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	10,300	13,100	11,900	10,300	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,895	15,140	12,760	13.9	14.9	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,320	5,320	5,320	5,320	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,605	29,450	26,160	27.6	29.1	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	6,500	6,000	5,520	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	201,170	101,370	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	198,145	99,905	98,240	98.5	98.6	98.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640	49,640	39,560	44,640	49,640	39,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	198,190	99,925	98,260	98.5	98.6	98.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,760	41,000	34,480	37,760	41,000	34,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	176,190	91,025	85,170	87.6	89.8	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	43,960	31,520	37,920	43,960	31,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	139,650	74,815	64,835	69.4	73.8	65.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	43,880	34,000	39,280	43,880	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	169,740	82,520	87,220	84.4	81.4	87.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,730	11,610	13,780	12,730	11,610	13,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,830	15,230	12,600	13.8	15.0	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,090	7,230	6,610	6,090	7,230
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,795	29,580	26,215	27.7	29.2	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,210	6,810	7,650	7,210	6,810	7,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	201,170	101,375	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,740	37,965	28,775	33.2	37.5	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	53,600	46,000	49,600	53,600	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,700	60,900	51,200	56,700	60,900	51,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	58,170	28,550	29,620	28.9	28.2	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,200	16,200	19,000	23,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,920	30,040	21,940	25,920	30,040	21,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	80.6	69.0	75.6	80.6	69.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	66.2	56.7	62.0	66.2	56.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.4	19.3	31.0	24.4	19.3	31.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.8	6.4	5.5	4.8	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.1	5.2	4.6	4.1	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	201,185	101,370	99,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,185	1,570	1,615	1.6	1.5	1.6
With total income	198,000	99,805	98,195	98.4	98.5	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,660	4,980	6,685	5.9	5.0	6.8
$10,000 to $19,999	27,310	10,805	16,500	13.8	10.8	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	36,610	17,025	19,585	18.5	17.1	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	28,580	13,340	15,240	14.4	13.4	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	28,245	14,490	13,750	14.3	14.5	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	21,835	11,880	9,960	11.0	11.9	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	14,455	8,635	5,815	7.3	8.7	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	9,395	5,900	3,500	4.7	5.9	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	6,700	3,960	2,740	3.4	4.0	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,025	2,455	1,575	2.0	2.5	1.6
$100,000 and over	9,180	6,335	2,850	4.6	6.3	2.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,835	4,610	2,230	3.5	4.6	2.3
$150,000 and over	2,345	1,725	620	1.2	1.7	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	201,185	101,370	99,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,135	1,540	1,595	1.6	1.5	1.6
With after-tax income	198,050	99,830	98,220	98.4	98.5	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,495	5,265	7,225	6.3	5.3	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	28,650	11,510	17,135	14.5	11.5	17.4
$20,000 to $29,999	42,635	19,955	22,675	21.5	20.0	23.1
$30,000 to $39,999	36,850	18,590	18,265	18.6	18.6	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	31,815	17,275	14,540	16.1	17.3	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	19,860	11,665	8,195	10.0	11.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	11,265	6,465	4,800	5.7	6.5	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,050	3,490	2,560	3.1	3.5	2.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,255	2,010	1,240	1.6	2.0	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	1,215	625	0.9	1.2	0.6
$100,000 and over	3,320	2,375	950	1.7	2.4	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,805	1,260	550	0.9	1.3	0.6
$125,000 and over	1,515	1,115	400	0.8	1.1	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	201,185	101,370	99,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	61,520	26,770	34,755	30.6	26.4	34.8
With employment income	139,660	74,605	65,060	69.4	73.6	65.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	17,340	8,925	8,410	12.4	12.0	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	11,325	4,865	6,465	8.1	6.5	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	18,895	8,295	10,600	13.5	11.1	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,325	7,675	8,650	11.7	10.3	13.3
$30,000 to $39,999	17,485	8,990	8,500	12.5	12.1	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	16,760	9,100	7,665	12.0	12.2	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	12,295	7,570	4,725	8.8	10.1	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,885	5,890	2,990	6.4	7.9	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	6,305	4,025	2,280	4.5	5.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,890	2,895	1,995	3.5	3.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,650	1,735	910	1.9	2.3	1.4
$100,000 and over	6,500	4,635	1,865	4.7	6.2	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,570	2,480	1,085	2.6	3.3	1.7
$125,000 and over	2,935	2,155	775	2.1	2.9	1.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	201,180	101,375	99,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	195,730	98,590	97,140	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	30,800	35,600	40,800	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	195,820	98,600	97,220	97.3	97.3	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,400	32,000	35,600	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	174,050	89,880	84,165	86.5	88.7	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,000	26,000	31,600	38,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	141,210	75,145	66,065	70.2	74.1	66.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	28,600	33,600	39,200	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	154,775	73,865	80,910	76.9	72.9	81.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	7,600	10,500	9,100	7,600	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	27,065	15,005	12,060	13.5	14.8	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,480	4,360	4,440	4,480	4,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	201,170	101,370	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	195,860	98,635	97,230	97.4	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,240	36,640	42,000	47,240	36,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	195,940	98,640	97,300	97.4	97.3	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,480	39,000	31,920	35,480	39,000	31,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	173,840	89,935	83,905	86.4	88.7	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,240	44,280	31,760	38,240	44,280	31,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	141,280	75,310	65,965	70.2	74.3	66.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,920	43,680	33,440	38,920	43,680	33,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	154,500	73,615	80,890	76.8	72.6	81.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,230	11,090	10,200	9,230	11,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,940	15,040	11,895	13.4	14.8	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,180	5,555	6,970	6,180	5,555	6,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	201,170	101,375	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,575	37,895	28,680	33.1	37.4	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	51,200	42,400	46,800	51,200	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,400	57,900	47,400	53,400	57,900	47,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	55,670	27,260	28,410	27.7	26.9	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	28,800	20,000	23,400	28,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520	34,040	25,120	29,520	34,040	25,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.8	85.4	74.8	80.8	85.4	74.8
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.6	61.9	66.8	70.6	61.9
Government transfers (%)	19.2	14.6	25.2	19.2	14.6	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.8	2.3	2.0	1.8	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	112,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	40,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	31,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	72,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	112,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,700	...	...	66,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	40,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,400	...	...	35,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	72,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,100	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	695	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	620	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,770	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,810	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,145	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,695	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,905	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,745	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,280	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,715	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,900	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,780	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,940	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,100	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,275	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	29,850	...	...	26.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,935	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,415	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,790	...	...	6.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,710	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	815	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	645	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,835	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,955	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,680	...	...	7.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,875	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,190	...	...	5.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,165	...	...	7.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,235	...	...	6.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,160	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	11,050	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,820	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,755	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,710	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,280	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,050	...	...	17.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,205	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,110	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,735	...	...	4.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	69,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	33,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	24,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	46,445	24,600	21,840	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	37,600	30,800	34,000	37,600	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	33,200	28,600	31,000	33,200	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	69,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	24,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,950	...	...	60,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	46,445	24,810	21,635	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,480	43,600	36,920	40,480	43,600	36,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,720	36,600	32,520	34,720	36,600	32,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	242,800	122,860	119,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	49,270	25,455	23,815	20.3	20.7	19.9
0 to 5 years	15,360	7,955	7,400	6.3	6.5	6.2
18 to 64 years	140,800	71,700	69,095	58.0	58.4	57.6
65 years and over	52,735	25,700	27,035	21.7	20.9	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	32,865	15,430	17,430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,900	2,490	2,415	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,560	810	750	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	14,510	7,295	7,220	...	...	...
65 years and over	13,455	5,655	7,800	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5	12.6	14.5	13.5	12.6	14.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.2	10.1	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.2	10.5	10.3	10.2	10.5
65 years and over (%)	25.5	22.0	28.8	25.5	22.0	28.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	242,125	122,530	119,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	49,140	25,395	23,750	20.3	20.7	19.9
0 to 5 years	15,320	7,940	7,385	6.3	6.5	6.2
18 to 64 years	140,365	71,490	68,875	58.0	58.3	57.6
65 years and over	52,615	25,645	26,975	21.7	20.9	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,955	4,285	3,665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	975	490	485	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	285	140	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,235	3,460	2,770	...	...	...
65 years and over	745	330	410	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.9	4.0	4.4	4.9	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	242,800	122,855	119,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	155,525	77,480	78,045	64.1	63.1	65.1
In bottom decile	26,160	12,550	13,610	10.8	10.2	11.3
In second decile	33,575	16,305	17,270	13.8	13.3	14.4
In third decile	32,965	16,545	16,415	13.6	13.5	13.7
In fourth decile	32,495	16,500	15,995	13.4	13.4	13.3
In fifth decile	30,335	15,580	14,755	12.5	12.7	12.3
In top half of the distribution	87,275	45,380	41,895	35.9	36.9	34.9
In sixth decile	26,790	13,960	12,825	11.0	11.4	10.7
In seventh decile	22,330	11,615	10,715	9.2	9.5	8.9
In eighth decile	18,015	9,330	8,685	7.4	7.6	7.2
In ninth decile	12,390	6,455	5,930	5.1	5.3	4.9
In top decile	7,755	4,020	3,740	3.2	3.3	3.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	242,805	...	...	242,805	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	...	...	0.252	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	246,825	124,260	122,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	655	410	255	0.3	0.3	0.2
French only	178,095	86,350	91,745	72.2	69.5	74.9
English and French	67,105	36,835	30,270	27.2	29.6	24.7
Neither English nor French	960	665	300	0.4	0.5	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	246,825	124,260	122,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,930	1,530	1,400	1.2	1.2	1.1
French	241,860	121,445	120,415	98.0	97.7	98.2
English and French	1,115	645	470	0.5	0.5	0.4
Neither English nor French	920	640	285	0.4	0.5	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	246,825	124,260	122,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	244,545	123,025	121,525	99.1	99.0	99.1
Official languages	238,480	119,610	118,870	96.6	96.3	97.0
English	2,460	1,235	1,230	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	236,015	118,380	117,640	95.6	95.3	96.0
Non-official languages	6,065	3,415	2,650	2.5	2.7	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,050	3,410	2,645	2.5	2.7	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,185	685	500	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,145	670	480	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,150	665	480	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	150	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	80	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	220	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	120	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,595	2,075	1,515	1.5	1.7	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	115	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	250	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	480	285	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	445	265	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	280	160	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	165	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,750	1,610	1,145	1.1	1.3	0.9
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,430	1,440	990	1.0	1.2	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	430	205	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,275	1,230	1,050	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and French	1,450	790	655	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	90	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	585	315	275	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	246,825	124,260	122,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,170	610	555	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	232,985	116,735	116,255	94.4	93.9	94.8
Non-official language	2,190	1,350	840	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,185	1,350	835	0.9	1.1	0.7
English and French	5,945	3,220	2,720	2.4	2.6	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	215	145	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	3,270	1,635	1,635	1.3	1.3	1.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	965	510	450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	246,825	124,260	122,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	244,575	123,095	121,480	99.1	99.1	99.1
Official languages	240,990	121,010	119,985	97.6	97.4	97.9
English	1,865	975	890	0.8	0.8	0.7
French	239,125	120,035	119,095	96.9	96.6	97.2
Non-official languages	3,585	2,085	1,495	1.5	1.7	1.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,580	2,085	1,495	1.5	1.7	1.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	695	385	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	375	305	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	685	375	305	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	75	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	70	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,240	1,365	875	0.9	1.1	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,900	1,185	715	0.8	1.0	0.6
Catalan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,785	1,125	665	0.7	0.9	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,255	1,165	1,090	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,170	600	570	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	70	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	890	455	430	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	246,825	124,255	122,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	238,315	119,705	118,610	96.6	96.3	96.8
English	4,495	2,505	1,995	1.8	2.0	1.6
French	1,625	835	785	0.7	0.7	0.6
Non-official language	1,590	800	790	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,580	795	785	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	435	230	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	242,800	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	241,865	122,280	119,590	99.6	99.5	99.7
English	67,345	37,040	30,310	27.7	30.1	25.3
French	241,225	121,880	119,350	99.4	99.2	99.5
Non-official languages	12,670	6,405	6,270	5.2	5.2	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,615	6,375	6,245	5.2	5.2	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,685	1,005	685	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,670	985	685	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,650	975	675	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	155	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	40	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	120	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	475	245	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	290	165	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,055	4,420	4,625	3.7	3.6	3.9
Albanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	385	185	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	185	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	210	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	925	520	400	0.4	0.4	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	845	480	365	0.3	0.4	0.3
German	690	395	295	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	265	145	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,800	3,750	4,050	3.2	3.1	3.4
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	225	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	275	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	7,320	3,495	3,830	3.0	2.8	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	555	285	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	75	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	265	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	242,800	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,240	2,025	2,220	1.7	1.6	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,990	1,895	2,090	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,740	1,270	1,475	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	1,200	610	590	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	238,555	120,835	117,725	98.3	98.4	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	242,800	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,040	500	540	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	241,765	122,360	119,400	99.6	99.6	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	73,710	...	...	65.7	...	...
Renter	38,475	...	...	34.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,820	...	...	6.1	...	...
Not condominium	105,400	...	...	93.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	545	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	13,020	...	...	11.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	31,940	...	...	28.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	40,345	...	...	36.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,365	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	31,180	...	...	27.8	...	...
5 rooms	21,705	...	...	19.3	...	...
6 rooms	14,660	...	...	13.1	...	...
7 rooms	14,270	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	30,395	...	...	27.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	111,795	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	425	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	110,590	...	...	98.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,625	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	26,080	...	...	23.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	32,505	...	...	29.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	13,755	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	12,770	...	...	11.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	6,215	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,075	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,815	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,005	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	106,845	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,375	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	64,590	...	...	57.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	46,085	...	...	41.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,540	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,565	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,435	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	18,655	...	...	16.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,180	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	23,115	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	21,585	...	...	19.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,985	...	...	9.8	...	...
85 years and over	2,700	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	109,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	97,360	...	...	88.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,435	...	...	11.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,685	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	112,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,450	...	...	16.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,560	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,460	...	...	1.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,445	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	815	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	93,775	...	...	83.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	109,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,000	...	...	2.8	...	...
Not in core need	106,045	...	...	97.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	71,875	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.0	...	...	59.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.9	...	...	0.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	893	...	...	893	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	233,200	...	...	233,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	38,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.7	...	...	19.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	632	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	665	...	...	665	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	464	...	...	464	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	242,805	122,860	119,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,450	2,085	2,365	1.8	1.7	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,420	2,070	2,345	1.8	1.7	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,020	1,875	2,145	1.7	1.5	1.8
Métis single ancestry	360	185	175	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,995	2,340	2,655	2.1	1.9	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,965	2,325	2,640	2.0	1.9	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,705	2,205	2,495	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	233,360	118,440	114,925	96.1	96.4	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	242,800	122,860	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	238,170	120,105	118,070	98.1	97.8	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	48,445	25,040	23,405	20.0	20.4	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	189,730	95,065	94,665	78.1	77.4	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,630	2,755	1,875	1.9	2.2	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	242,800	122,860	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	233,620	117,715	115,905	96.2	95.8	96.6
Immigrants⁸¹	6,895	3,595	3,300	2.8	2.9	2.8
Before 1980	940	545	390	0.4	0.4	0.3
1980 to 1990	685	380	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
1991 to 2000	885	435	460	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,765	865	900	0.7	0.7	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,615	1,370	1,245	1.1	1.1	1.0
2011 to 2015	1,100	550	550	0.5	0.4	0.5
2016 to 2021	1,510	820	695	0.6	0.7	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,285	1,545	740	0.9	1.3	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,895	3,600	3,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	885	465	420	12.8	12.9	12.7
5 to 14 years	1,425	765	655	20.7	21.3	19.8
15 to 24 years	1,085	580	505	15.7	16.1	15.3
25 to 44 years	3,070	1,570	1,500	44.5	43.6	45.5
45 years and over	425	215	215	6.2	6.0	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,895	3,600	3,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,845	890	955	26.8	24.7	28.9
Brazil	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombia	865	400	470	12.5	11.1	14.2
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	175	100	75	2.5	2.8	2.3
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	140	70	75	2.0	1.9	2.3
Peru	60	25	35	0.9	0.7	1.1
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	210	80	130	3.0	2.2	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	325	180	150	4.7	5.0	4.5
Europe	2,375	1,310	1,070	34.4	36.4	32.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	45	65	1.7	1.3	2.0
Croatia	55	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.9
France	1,050	585	465	15.2	16.3	14.1
Germany	70	45	25	1.0	1.3	0.8
Greece	40	30	10	0.6	0.8	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	45	20	0.9	1.3	0.6
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Poland	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Portugal	55	35	20	0.8	1.0	0.6
Romania	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	795	445	345	11.5	12.4	10.5
Africa	1,710	940	770	24.8	26.1	23.3
Algeria	130	85	50	1.9	2.4	1.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	175	80	90	2.5	2.2	2.7
Egypt	40	30	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	235	140	100	3.4	3.9	3.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,105	600	505	16.0	16.7	15.3
Asia	955	440	510	13.9	12.2	15.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Iraq	95	45	50	1.4	1.3	1.5
Lebanon	70	30	40	1.0	0.8	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	230	145	85	3.3	4.0	2.6
Turkey	40	25	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
China⁹⁰	160	70	95	2.3	1.9	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	0	30	0.6	0.0	0.9
Viet Nam	120	40	80	1.7	1.1	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	70	85	2.3	1.9	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,515	820	695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	115	80	13.2	14.0	11.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	75	35	35	5.0	4.3	5.0
Haiti	25	25	0	1.7	3.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	15	2.0	2.4	2.2
United States of America	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	20	3.3	3.7	2.9
Europe	275	155	120	18.2	18.9	17.3
France	220	130	95	14.5	15.9	13.7
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	30	20	3.0	3.7	2.9
Africa	685	355	335	45.2	43.3	48.2
Algeria	25	0	20	1.7	0.0	2.9
Burundi	55	30	25	3.6	3.7	3.6
Cameroon	85	35	50	5.6	4.3	7.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	20	30	3.3	2.4	4.3
Côte d'Ivoire	85	60	25	5.6	7.3	3.6
Egypt	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	15	20	2.6	1.8	2.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	70	40	30	4.6	4.9	4.3
Other places of birth in Africa	270	130	135	17.8	15.9	19.4
Asia	350	195	160	23.1	23.8	23.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	1.3	1.2	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	20	30	3.6	2.4	4.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	215	135	75	14.2	16.5	10.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	242,800	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,840	5,455	4,380	4.1	4.4	3.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,785	3,445	3,340	2.8	2.8	2.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	226,175	113,955	112,220	93.2	92.8	93.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,955	3,045	2,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,355	1,305	1,050	39.5	42.9	36.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,085	820	265	18.2	26.9	9.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,270	480	790	21.3	15.8	27.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,430	645	785	24.0	21.2	27.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,115	1,070	1,045	35.5	35.1	36.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	20	0.8	1.1	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,955	3,045	2,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	205	130	75	3.4	4.3	2.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	425	250	175	7.1	8.2	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	45	40	1.3	1.5	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	200	150	50	3.4	4.9	1.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	20	35	1.0	0.7	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,980	2,455	2,525	83.6	80.6	86.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	242,800	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,775	4,280	3,495	3.2	3.5	2.9
South Asian	145	95	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	400	140	260	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black	2,385	1,270	1,110	1.0	1.0	0.9
Filipino	160	105	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab	1,475	860	615	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	2,520	1,430	1,085	1.0	1.2	0.9
Southeast Asian	470	250	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	110	75	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	235,030	118,580	116,450	96.8	96.5	97.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	242,800	122,855	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	105,185	52,925	52,255	43.3	43.1	43.6
English	2,070	1,005	1,065	0.9	0.8	0.9
Irish	7,430	3,570	3,860	3.1	2.9	3.2
Scottish	2,160	980	1,180	0.9	0.8	1.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	49,210	25,220	23,990	20.3	20.5	20.0
German	2,165	1,005	1,155	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese	370	130	240	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	1,565	850	715	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indian (India)	305	165	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	220	70	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	200	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	285	140	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Québécois	39,050	19,580	19,465	16.1	15.9	16.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	355	205	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Filipino	170	125	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
French Canadian	24,025	11,955	12,075	9.9	9.7	10.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,020	2,630	2,385	2.1	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,125	1,820	2,305	1.7	1.5	1.9
Métis	655	315	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,230	1,165	1,065	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	130	60	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Norwegian	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	1,350	625	725	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	545	265	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swedish	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	60	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Acadian	2,600	1,250	1,350	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pakistani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	620	295	320	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jewish	135	55	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	265	140	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	555	290	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	225	125	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,685	1,925	1,755	1.5	1.6	1.5
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,045	520	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	780	385	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	645	315	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	680	390	290	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	1,350	715	630	0.6	0.6	0.5
Finnish	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	180	180	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	220	130	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	1,145	560	585	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	405	230	175	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	265	155	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	205	125	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	155	115	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	475	205	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	70	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	70	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	330	210	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	220	95	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	105	65	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	260	220	35	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	225	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	1,630	795	845	0.7	0.6	0.7
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	345	170	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	305	155	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	330	140	190	0.1	0.1	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	350	200	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	95	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	110	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	242,800	122,860	119,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	183,170	90,785	92,385	75.4	73.9	77.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,365	6,845	6,520	5.5	5.6	5.4
Anabaptist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	220	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	595	290	310	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catholic	165,615	81,820	83,790	68.2	66.6	69.9
Christian Orthodox	250	105	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	1,105	530	570	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	150	95	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	275	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	140	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,145	595	550	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	2,020	1,095	920	0.8	0.9	0.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	515	245	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	56,860	30,630	26,230	23.4	24.9	21.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	240,470	121,675	118,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	214,015	108,425	105,585	89.0	89.1	88.9
Movers	26,455	13,250	13,205	11.0	10.9	11.1
Non-migrants	14,530	7,265	7,260	6.0	6.0	6.1
Migrants	11,925	5,985	5,945	5.0	4.9	5.0
Internal migrants	11,135	5,480	5,650	4.6	4.5	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	10,960	5,385	5,575	4.6	4.4	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	790	500	290	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	230,155	116,235	113,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	148,450	75,495	72,955	64.5	65.0	64.0
Movers	81,715	40,745	40,965	35.5	35.1	36.0
Non-migrants	32,845	16,280	16,565	14.3	14.0	14.5
Migrants	48,865	24,470	24,395	21.2	21.1	21.4
Internal migrants	45,700	22,510	23,190	19.9	19.4	20.4
Intraprovincial migrants	44,965	22,160	22,800	19.5	19.1	20.0
Interprovincial migrants	735	350	390	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	3,165	1,960	1,205	1.4	1.7	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	201,170	101,370	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	53,545	30,925	22,620	26.6	30.5	22.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	147,630	70,450	77,180	73.4	69.5	77.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	124,115	63,195	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,105	15,985	9,115	20.2	25.3	15.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	99,010	47,210	51,805	79.8	74.7	85.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	201,175	101,375	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	46,855	25,885	20,975	23.3	25.5	21.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	44,430	21,345	23,090	22.1	21.1	23.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	109,890	54,150	55,740	54.6	53.4	55.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	84,805	43,925	40,885	42.2	43.3	41.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	43,510	27,790	15,720	21.6	27.4	15.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	32,230	18,565	13,665	16.0	18.3	13.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,280	9,225	2,055	5.6	9.1	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,510	14,055	21,455	17.7	13.9	21.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,785	2,080	3,705	2.9	2.1	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,080	10,225	14,855	12.5	10.1	14.9
Bachelor's degree	17,665	6,980	10,680	8.8	6.9	10.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,170	925	1,245	1.1	0.9	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	815	370	445	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	4,010	1,735	2,275	2.0	1.7	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	420	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	124,110	63,195	60,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,375	12,495	7,875	16.4	19.8	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,560	11,555	11,005	18.2	18.3	18.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,180	39,145	42,040	65.4	61.9	69.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	61,435	31,635	29,800	49.5	50.1	48.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	32,905	20,435	12,470	26.5	32.3	20.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	24,775	13,815	10,965	20.0	21.9	18.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,130	6,620	1,510	6.6	10.5	2.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,970	9,915	15,050	20.1	15.7	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,560	1,285	2,275	2.9	2.0	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,750	7,510	12,240	15.9	11.9	20.1
Bachelor's degree	13,885	5,260	8,625	11.2	8.3	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,725	645	1,085	1.4	1.0	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	635	235	400	0.5	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	3,195	1,220	1,975	2.6	1.9	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	140	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	201,175	101,375	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	91,285	47,225	44,065	45.4	46.6	44.2
Education	9,665	1,940	7,730	4.8	1.9	7.7
13. Education	9,665	1,940	7,730	4.8	1.9	7.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,745	1,065	1,670	1.4	1.1	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	330	235	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,415	835	1,575	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	4,430	1,780	2,650	2.2	1.8	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	480	100	385	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	110	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,465	990	1,475	1.2	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	105	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
54. History	305	190	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	590	215	375	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,150	1,645	5,500	3.6	1.6	5.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	680	200	480	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,615	205	2,405	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	935	285	645	0.5	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	55	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,485	280	1,210	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,125	595	530	0.6	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	23,015	7,080	15,930	11.4	7.0	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,290	220	1,065	0.6	0.2	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,705	6,850	14,855	10.8	6.8	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,190	1,150	1,040	1.1	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	225	345	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	185	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	515	230	285	0.3	0.2	0.3
40. Physical sciences	520	360	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	140	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,215	1,515	700	1.1	1.5	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,900	1,400	500	0.9	1.4	0.5
25. Library science	195	25	170	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	65	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	29,220	27,320	1,900	14.5	26.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	505	290	210	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,350	1,995	350	1.2	2.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,200	4,600	600	2.6	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,080	6,960	120	3.5	6.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,345	7,145	205	3.7	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	6,745	6,335	410	3.4	6.2	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,575	3,675	1,905	2.8	3.6	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	4,665	2,925	1,740	2.3	2.9	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	910	745	165	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	13,770	2,040	11,735	6.8	2.0	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	615	275	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,850	1,645	11,205	6.4	1.6	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	105	175	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,875	4,920	4,955	4.9	4.9	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,435	1,150	4,285	2.7	1.1	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,475	1,155	315	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,910	2,565	345	1.4	2.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	124,115	63,190	60,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,930	24,050	18,880	34.6	38.1	31.0
Education	6,295	1,105	5,190	5.1	1.7	8.5
13. Education	6,295	1,105	5,190	5.1	1.7	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,020	755	1,260	1.6	1.2	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	160	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,775	590	1,180	1.4	0.9	1.9
Humanities	2,530	1,035	1,495	2.0	1.6	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	345	70	270	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,355	605	750	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	190	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	350	110	240	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,520	1,090	4,435	4.4	1.7	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	555	150	405	0.4	0.2	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,120	120	2,000	1.7	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	680	150	525	0.5	0.2	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	45	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,175	185	990	0.9	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	790	420	370	0.6	0.7	0.6
Business, management and public administration	17,770	5,100	12,675	14.3	8.1	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,025	165	865	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,725	4,925	11,800	13.5	7.8	19.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,270	695	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	170	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	100	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	400	280	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,875	1,310	565	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,660	1,260	400	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	150	10	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	21,615	19,940	1,675	17.4	31.6	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	395	215	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	2,015	1,690	325	1.6	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,010	3,470	545	3.2	5.5	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,985	4,890	95	4.0	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,370	5,210	160	4.3	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	4,835	4,475	365	3.9	7.1	0.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,540	2,900	1,640	3.7	4.6	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,780	2,285	1,490	3.0	3.6	2.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	765	610	150	0.6	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	9,905	1,415	8,485	8.0	2.2	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	220	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,170	1,110	8,065	7.4	1.8	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	75	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,815	3,805	4,015	6.3	6.0	6.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,340	815	3,530	3.5	1.3	5.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,105	875	235	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,330	2,085	245	1.9	3.3	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	124,115	63,190	60,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,930	24,050	18,880	34.6	38.1	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	81,180	39,140	42,040	65.4	61.9	69.0
Location of study inside Canada	78,665	37,700	40,965	63.4	59.7	67.2
Same as province or territory of residence	77,955	37,300	40,655	62.8	59.0	66.7
Different than province or territory of residence	715	400	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,515	1,440	1,075	2.0	2.3	1.8
Americas	705	390	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
United States of America	120	95	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexico	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	935	530	405	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belgium	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	620	355	265	0.5	0.6	0.4
Germany	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	605	350	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	195	120	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	260	155	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	135	115	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	201,175	101,375	99,800	...	...	...
In the labour force	127,155	67,455	59,695	...	...	...
Employed	121,010	64,270	56,740	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,145	3,185	2,960	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	74,020	33,920	40,105	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.2	66.5	59.8	63.2	66.5	59.8
Employment rate	60.2	63.4	56.9	60.2	63.4	56.9
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.7	5.0	4.8	4.7	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	201,175	101,375	99,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	72,220	32,575	39,645	35.9	32.1	39.7
Worked	128,955	68,800	60,150	64.1	67.9	60.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	68,460	39,045	29,415	34.0	38.5	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	60,495	29,750	30,740	30.1	29.3	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	42.9	41.6	42.3	42.9	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	127,155	67,455	59,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,860	790	1,070	1.5	1.2	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	125,295	66,665	58,630	98.5	98.8	98.2
Employee	109,255	56,995	52,260	85.9	84.5	87.5
Permanent position	93,975	49,685	44,295	73.9	73.7	74.2
Temporary position	15,280	7,315	7,960	12.0	10.8	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,520	1,910	2,610	3.6	2.8	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10,755	5,405	5,350	8.5	8.0	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	16,035	9,665	6,370	12.6	14.3	10.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	127,155	67,455	59,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,860	790	1,070	1.5	1.2	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	125,295	66,665	58,630	98.5	98.8	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,165	1,525	635	1.7	2.3	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	17,820	4,955	12,860	14.0	7.3	21.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,560	4,990	1,570	5.2	7.4	2.6
3 Health occupations	9,550	1,470	8,080	7.5	2.2	13.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,285	3,120	10,160	10.4	4.6	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,485	1,225	1,255	2.0	1.8	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	28,930	11,915	17,015	22.8	17.7	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,275	24,125	2,155	20.7	35.8	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,250	4,715	1,535	4.9	7.0	2.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	11,965	8,605	3,365	9.4	12.8	5.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	127,155	67,455	59,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,860	790	1,070	1.5	1.2	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	125,295	66,665	58,630	98.5	98.8	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,945	4,925	2,015	5.5	7.3	3.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	375	320	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	745	610	135	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	9,660	8,445	1,220	7.6	12.5	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	24,705	17,795	6,905	19.4	26.4	11.6
41 Wholesale trade	4,960	3,385	1,575	3.9	5.0	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	14,685	6,695	7,985	11.5	9.9	13.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,965	4,580	1,385	4.7	6.8	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	935	555	380	0.7	0.8	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,680	835	1,840	2.1	1.2	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,050	625	430	0.8	0.9	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,665	2,725	2,940	4.5	4.0	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,775	2,265	1,505	3.0	3.4	2.5
61 Educational services	8,020	1,965	6,055	6.3	2.9	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	16,765	2,455	14,305	13.2	3.6	24.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,250	660	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	6,805	2,490	4,315	5.4	3.7	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,300	3,315	2,985	5.0	4.9	5.0
91 Public administration	3,935	1,975	1,955	3.1	2.9	3.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	136,015	72,255	63,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	845	505	340	0.6	0.7	0.5
French	122,385	63,890	58,495	90.0	88.4	91.7
Non-official language	405	345	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	405	345	55	0.3	0.5	0.1
English and French	11,465	7,030	4,430	8.4	9.7	6.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	500	280	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	375	180	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	136,015	72,255	63,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	134,575	71,415	63,155	98.9	98.8	99.1
Official languages	134,090	71,000	63,090	98.6	98.3	98.9
English	2,090	1,185	900	1.5	1.6	1.4
French	132,005	69,810	62,190	97.1	96.6	97.5
Non-official languages	485	415	70	0.4	0.6	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	485	415	70	0.4	0.6	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	450	395	60	0.3	0.5	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	365	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	400	365	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,440	840	600	1.1	1.2	0.9
English and French	1,255	755	500	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	136,015	72,255	63,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	125,000	65,555	59,445	91.9	90.7	93.2
English	9,105	5,655	3,445	6.7	7.8	5.4
French	1,245	705	540	0.9	1.0	0.8
Non-official language	395	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	390	195	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	121,010	64,275	56,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,790	7,680	8,105	13.0	11.9	14.3
Worked outside Canada	210	165	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	12,365	9,390	2,975	10.2	14.6	5.2
Usual place of work	92,645	47,035	45,610	76.6	73.2	80.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	92,645	47,035	45,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	50,665	24,815	25,855	54.7	52.8	56.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,970	10,930	10,040	22.6	23.2	22.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,930	11,225	9,705	22.6	23.9	21.3
Commute to a different province or territory	75	65	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	105,015	56,430	48,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	96,270	51,815	44,455	91.7	91.8	91.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	91,595	49,455	42,140	87.2	87.6	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,675	2,360	2,315	4.5	4.2	4.8
Public transit	740	305	430	0.7	0.5	0.9
Walked	5,370	2,635	2,740	5.1	4.7	5.6
Bicycle	985	785	205	0.9	1.4	0.4
Other method	1,645	895	750	1.6	1.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	105,015	56,430	48,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	51,100	26,000	25,095	48.7	46.1	51.7
15 to 29 minutes	34,110	18,110	16,005	32.5	32.1	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	11,590	6,580	5,010	11.0	11.7	10.3
45 to 59 minutes	4,125	2,635	1,490	3.9	4.7	3.1
60 minutes and over	4,085	3,105	985	3.9	5.5	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	105,015	56,430	48,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,400	5,070	1,330	6.1	9.0	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20,420	14,365	6,060	19.4	25.5	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35,780	17,895	17,885	34.1	31.7	36.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,325	7,300	12,015	18.4	12.9	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,160	2,585	4,570	6.8	4.6	9.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15,925	9,205	6,720	15.2	16.3	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50,175	25,900	24,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,015	2,570	2,445	10.0	9.9	10.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45,160	23,325	21,835	90.0	90.1	89.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,625	18,850	17,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,015	2,045	1,965	11.0	10.8	11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,890	1,415	1,475	7.9	7.5	8.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,130	635	500	3.1	3.4	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	32,610	16,805	15,805	89.0	89.2	88.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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