Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cape SpearMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	85,165	40,855	44,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,380	6,395	5,980	14.5	15.7	13.5
0 to 4 years	3,640	1,880	1,760	4.3	4.6	4.0
5 to 9 years	4,220	2,170	2,055	5.0	5.3	4.6
10 to 14 years	4,510	2,345	2,165	5.3	5.7	4.9
15 to 64 years	57,190	27,545	29,645	67.2	67.4	66.9
15 to 19 years	4,305	2,195	2,110	5.1	5.4	4.8
20 to 24 years	4,960	2,480	2,485	5.8	6.1	5.6
25 to 29 years	5,320	2,585	2,740	6.2	6.3	6.2
30 to 34 years	6,035	2,925	3,115	7.1	7.2	7.0
35 to 39 years	6,275	3,075	3,200	7.4	7.5	7.2
40 to 44 years	5,845	2,785	3,060	6.9	6.8	6.9
45 to 49 years	5,780	2,770	3,010	6.8	6.8	6.8
50 to 54 years	6,015	2,850	3,160	7.1	7.0	7.1
55 to 59 years	6,540	2,990	3,555	7.7	7.3	8.0
60 to 64 years	6,105	2,880	3,225	7.2	7.0	7.3
65 years and over	15,600	6,920	8,680	18.3	16.9	19.6
65 to 69 years	5,465	2,525	2,940	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	4,340	2,000	2,340	5.1	4.9	5.3
75 to 79 years	2,830	1,250	1,575	3.3	3.1	3.6
80 to 84 years	1,695	720	980	2.0	1.8	2.2
85 years and over	1,265	425	840	1.5	1.0	1.9
85 to 89 years	845	310	530	1.0	0.8	1.2
90 to 94 years	320	85	235	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.7	13.5	14.5	15.7	13.5
15 to 64 years	67.2	67.4	66.9	67.2	67.4	66.9
65 years and over	18.3	16.9	19.6	18.3	16.9	19.6
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	1.9	1.5	1.0	1.9
Average age of the population	42.4	41.3	43.5	42.4	41.3	43.5
Median age of the population	42.8	41.2	44.0	42.8	41.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,475	...	...	47.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,215	...	...	6.0	...	...
Row house	3,005	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,660	...	...	31.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,550	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,985	...	...	29.5	...	...
2 persons	13,695	...	...	36.8	...	...
3 persons	6,290	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	4,620	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,585	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	84,250	40,400	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	72,790	34,460	38,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,710	20,275	20,430	55.9	58.8	53.3
Married	32,125	15,995	16,130	44.1	46.4	42.1
Living common-law	8,580	4,285	4,300	11.8	12.4	11.2
Living common law - Never married	6,705	3,315	3,390	9.2	9.6	8.8
Living common law - Separated	240	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,500	775	730	2.1	2.2	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	32,080	14,180	17,895	44.1	41.1	46.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,655	11,005	10,655	29.7	31.9	27.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,750	665	1,080	2.4	1.9	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,780	1,725	3,055	6.6	5.0	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,895	790	3,100	5.4	2.3	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,695	...	...	54.8	...	...
3 persons	5,945	...	...	23.8	...	...
4 persons	4,280	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,045	...	...	4.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,140	...	...	80.6	...	...
Married couples	15,845	...	...	63.4	...	...
With children⁶	8,040	...	...	32.2	...	...
Without children	7,805	...	...	31.3	...	...
Common-law couples	4,290	...	...	17.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,520	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	2,775	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,835	...	...	19.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,880	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	84,250	40,400	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	67,855	33,255	34,595	80.5	82.3	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,280	20,095	20,185	47.8	49.7	46.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,830	955	3,880	5.7	2.4	8.8
Children⁶	22,745	12,215	10,530	27.0	30.2	24.0
In a two-parent family	15,740	8,430	7,315	18.7	20.9	16.7
In a one-parent family	7,000	3,785	3,215	8.3	9.4	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,395	7,140	9,255	19.5	17.7	21.1
Living alone	10,985	4,430	6,555	13.0	11.0	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,950	790	1,160	2.3	2.0	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,460	1,920	1,540	4.1	4.8	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,635	...	...	60.9	...	...
Couple-family households	18,650	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,895	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	9,760	...	...	26.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,985	...	...	10.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	940	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,700	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	10,985	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,885	34,010	37,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,470	32,770	36,700	96.6	96.4	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,400	39,200	42,400	46,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,490	32,780	36,710	96.7	96.4	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,400	35,200	37,600	40,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,385	29,065	31,320	84.0	85.5	82.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	33,600	38,400	43,600	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,510	24,880	25,635	70.3	73.2	67.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,200	36,000	40,400	45,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,760	23,845	30,915	76.2	70.1	81.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,400	11,600	12,000	12,400	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,005	5,305	4,700	13.9	15.6	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,280	5,920	6,080	6,280	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,845	9,265	9,580	26.2	27.2	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,945	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,515	32,820	36,695	96.6	96.2	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,550	59,950	47,800	53,550	59,950	47,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,545	32,830	36,710	96.7	96.3	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,760	47,960	40,000	43,760	47,960	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,490	29,055	31,430	84.1	85.2	83.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	57,450	43,560	50,200	57,450	43,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,520	24,835	25,680	70.2	72.8	67.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,200	57,000	43,640	50,200	57,000	43,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,635	23,730	30,900	75.9	69.6	81.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,510	12,550	12,470	12,510	12,550	12,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,980	5,350	4,625	13.9	15.7	12.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,060	8,360	8,200	8,060	8,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,535	9,185	9,350	25.8	26.9	24.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,080	9,050	9,120	9,080	9,050	9,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,945	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,635	12,865	12,770	35.6	37.7	33.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	70,500	57,200	63,200	70,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,500	82,600	66,500	74,500	82,600	66,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,540	8,900	9,645	25.8	26.1	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	21,200	15,900	18,000	21,200	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,920	34,040	24,200	28,920	34,040	24,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	84.8	78.0	81.6	84.8	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.2	72.0	63.9	68.2	72.0	63.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.4	15.2	22.0	18.4	15.2	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.6	5.7	5.2	4.6	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,885	34,010	37,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,420	1,250	1,175	3.4	3.7	3.1
With total income	69,470	32,770	36,700	96.6	96.3	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,600	2,075	2,520	6.6	6.3	6.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,710	3,120	4,590	11.1	9.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	10,875	4,580	6,295	15.7	14.0	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,450	4,090	5,350	13.6	12.5	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,680	3,760	4,920	12.5	11.5	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,720	2,985	3,735	9.7	9.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,040	2,520	2,520	7.3	7.7	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	2,085	1,815	5.6	6.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	1,620	1,430	4.4	4.9	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,625	1,325	1,300	3.8	4.0	3.5
$100,000 and over	6,825	4,610	2,215	9.8	14.1	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,720	2,995	1,725	6.8	9.1	4.7
$150,000 and over	2,105	1,615	495	3.0	4.9	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,885	34,010	37,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,400	1,235	1,165	3.3	3.6	3.1
With after-tax income	69,490	32,780	36,710	96.7	96.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,895	2,145	2,750	7.0	6.5	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,060	3,320	4,740	11.6	10.1	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,165	5,640	7,525	19.0	17.2	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	11,650	5,090	6,560	16.8	15.5	17.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,845	4,405	5,450	14.2	13.4	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,990	3,510	3,470	10.1	10.7	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,850	2,520	2,330	7.0	7.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,680	1,870	1,810	5.3	5.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	1,205	905	3.0	3.7	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,305	870	430	1.9	2.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,935	2,195	740	4.2	6.7	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,540	1,145	395	2.2	3.5	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,395	1,045	345	2.0	3.2	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,885	34,010	37,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,375	9,135	12,240	29.7	26.9	32.3
With employment income	50,510	24,880	25,635	70.3	73.1	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,145	3,245	3,905	14.1	13.0	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,695	1,630	2,065	7.3	6.6	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	5,385	2,450	2,935	10.7	9.8	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,490	2,040	2,450	8.9	8.2	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,380	1,960	2,420	8.7	7.9	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,800	2,130	2,670	9.5	8.6	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,120	1,870	2,250	8.1	7.5	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,335	1,765	1,565	6.6	7.1	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,905	1,565	1,340	5.8	6.3	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,495	1,305	1,190	4.9	5.2	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,070	1,150	4.4	4.3	4.5
$100,000 and over	5,540	3,850	1,685	11.0	15.5	6.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,650	1,650	1,000	5.2	6.6	3.9
$125,000 and over	2,895	2,210	685	5.7	8.9	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,885	34,010	37,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,395	32,185	36,215	95.1	94.6	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,800	36,800	40,800	46,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,450	32,200	36,255	95.2	94.7	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,800	36,000	40,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,100	28,895	31,210	83.6	85.0	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,000	34,400	39,600	46,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,005	25,055	25,950	71.0	73.7	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,600	36,400	41,200	47,600	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,490	20,405	28,085	67.5	60.0	74.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,600	8,200	8,400	8,600	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,665	4,505	4,165	12.1	13.2	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,950	6,750	6,850	6,950	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,945	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,400	32,220	36,180	95.1	94.5	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,450	60,600	45,200	52,450	60,600	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,440	32,230	36,210	95.1	94.5	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360	47,600	37,720	42,360	47,600	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,300	28,930	31,375	83.8	84.8	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750	60,750	43,440	51,750	60,750	43,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,305	25,260	26,040	71.3	74.1	68.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	59,600	43,800	51,600	59,600	43,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,605	20,400	28,200	67.6	59.8	74.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,630	9,580	9,660	9,630	9,580	9,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,830	4,595	4,230	12.3	13.5	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,430	8,400	8,460	8,430	8,400	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,945	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,565	12,830	12,730	35.5	37.6	33.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	69,000	53,600	60,800	69,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,900	80,800	63,000	71,900	80,800	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,360	8,430	8,925	24.1	24.7	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	28,200	21,600	24,200	28,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,040	44,520	30,000	37,040	44,520	30,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.0	83.4	87.0	90.0	83.4
Employment income (%)	73.8	77.2	69.8	73.8	77.2	69.8
Government transfers (%)	13.0	10.0	16.6	13.0	10.0	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2	2.1	2.0	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,195	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,040	...	...	48,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,320	...	...	40,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,600	...	...	121,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	705	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,635	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,370	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,515	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,490	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,440	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,770	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,535	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,380	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,415	...	...	38.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,235	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,160	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,870	...	...	10.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,150	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	325	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	635	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	740	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,815	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,680	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,630	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,815	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,850	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,650	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,260	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,110	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,810	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,590	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,810	...	...	29.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,230	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,810	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,770	...	...	10.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,450	6,355	8,090	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,000	36,400	37,200	38,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	33,600	33,200	33,600	33,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	122,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,955	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	162,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,150	...	...	63,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,665	6,495	8,165	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,840	49,040	43,280	45,840	49,040	43,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,720	40,680	37,200	38,720	40,680	37,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	84,250	40,400	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,920	7,695	7,225	17.7	19.0	16.5
0 to 5 years	4,470	2,295	2,170	5.3	5.7	4.9
18 to 64 years	54,160	25,910	28,245	64.3	64.1	64.4
65 years and over	15,175	6,795	8,380	18.0	16.8	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,935	4,305	5,635	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,260	1,165	1,095	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	740	390	350	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,440	2,340	3,100	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,235	800	1,435	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	10.7	12.8	11.8	10.7	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.1	15.2	15.1	15.1	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	16.6	17.1	16.1	16.6	17.1	16.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.0	11.0	10.1	9.0	11.0
65 years and over (%)	14.7	11.8	17.1	14.7	11.8	17.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	84,250	40,400	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,920	7,695	7,225	17.7	19.0	16.5
0 to 5 years	4,470	2,295	2,170	5.3	5.7	4.9
18 to 64 years	54,160	25,910	28,245	64.3	64.1	64.4
65 years and over	15,175	6,795	8,380	18.0	16.8	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,835	1,790	2,040	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	720	365	355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	250	125	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,865	1,335	1,535	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	90	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.4	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.8	5.6	5.4	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.4
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	84,255	40,400	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,815	19,195	22,620	49.6	47.5	51.6
In bottom decile	8,835	3,985	4,845	10.5	9.9	11.0
In second decile	8,485	3,735	4,750	10.1	9.2	10.8
In third decile	8,025	3,635	4,385	9.5	9.0	10.0
In fourth decile	8,250	3,875	4,385	9.8	9.6	10.0
In fifth decile	8,225	3,970	4,255	9.8	9.8	9.7
In top half of the distribution	42,435	21,200	21,230	50.4	52.5	48.4
In sixth decile	8,685	4,240	4,455	10.3	10.5	10.2
In seventh decile	8,890	4,475	4,415	10.6	11.1	10.1
In eighth decile	8,990	4,470	4,520	10.7	11.1	10.3
In ninth decile	8,980	4,510	4,470	10.7	11.2	10.2
In top decile	6,885	3,510	3,375	8.2	8.7	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	84,255	...	...	84,255	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	84,535	40,510	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	78,435	38,060	40,375	92.8	94.0	91.7
French only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,860	2,320	3,545	6.9	5.7	8.1
Neither English nor French	215	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	84,535	40,510	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,995	40,215	43,785	99.4	99.3	99.5
French	295	160	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	195	110	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	84,535	40,510	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	83,955	40,235	43,715	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	81,935	39,170	42,765	96.9	96.7	97.1
English	81,635	39,015	42,620	96.6	96.3	96.8
French	300	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Non-official languages	2,020	1,065	955	2.4	2.6	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,010	1,060	950	2.4	2.6	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	220	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	395	215	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	345	195	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	105	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	850	475	370	1.0	1.2	0.8
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	380	215	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	290	170	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	220	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	225	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	585	275	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	340	165	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	84,535	40,510	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	81,640	39,060	42,575	96.6	96.4	96.7
French	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	575	300	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	300	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	515	230	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,595	815	785	1.9	2.0	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	84,535	40,510	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,145	40,315	43,830	99.5	99.5	99.6
Official languages	82,990	39,715	43,270	98.2	98.0	98.3
English	82,900	39,670	43,225	98.1	97.9	98.2
French	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	1,155	595	555	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,155	595	555	1.4	1.5	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	390	215	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	390	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	320	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	84,535	40,510	44,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,595	39,550	43,045	97.7	97.6	97.8
English	475	240	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
French	455	190	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	765	385	375	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	745	375	365	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	84,280	40,465	43,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,075	40,340	43,735	99.8	99.7	99.8
English	84,070	40,340	43,735	99.8	99.7	99.8
French	5,840	2,420	3,420	6.9	6.0	7.8
Non-official languages	3,615	1,855	1,760	4.3	4.6	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,580	1,840	1,740	4.2	4.5	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	475	270	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	270	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	390	225	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	145	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	115	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,805	985	825	2.1	2.4	1.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	345	200	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	190	110	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	600	360	235	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	480	305	175	0.6	0.8	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	200	145	60	0.2	0.4	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	160	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	770	365	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	520	240	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	50	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	255	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	250	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	150	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,280	40,465	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,795	1,285	1,510	3.3	3.2	3.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,595	1,195	1,400	3.1	3.0	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,735	815	920	2.1	2.0	2.1
Métis	520	210	310	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	345	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	155	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	81,490	39,185	42,310	96.7	96.8	96.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,280	40,465	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,025	505	520	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,255	39,960	43,295	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,040	...	...	67.1	...	...
Renter	12,255	...	...	32.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,635	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	35,660	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,110	...	...	8.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,220	...	...	22.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,320	...	...	43.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,555	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,335	...	...	19.7	...	...
5 rooms	5,020	...	...	13.5	...	...
6 rooms	5,825	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	5,215	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,895	...	...	37.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,140	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,570	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	725	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,830	...	...	13.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,880	...	...	29.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,205	...	...	16.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,085	...	...	13.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,480	...	...	6.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,905	...	...	7.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,265	...	...	8.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,650	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,705	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,590	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,740	...	...	50.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,495	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,060	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,175	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,430	...	...	14.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,665	...	...	17.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,770	...	...	18.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,565	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,925	...	...	15.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,950	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	810	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,815	...	...	80.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,410	...	...	19.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,910	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,160	...	...	24.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,875	...	...	18.4	...	...
Not suitable only	605	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,125	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,140	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,865	...	...	10.5	...	...
Not in core need	32,865	...	...	89.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.9	...	...	65.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,424	...	...	1,424	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,800	...	...	320,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.3	...	...	22.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.8	...	...	31.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	939	...	...	939	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	84,280	40,465	43,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,425	620	810	1.7	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,370	595	785	1.6	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,040	465	580	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	190	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,285	1,540	1,740	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,175	1,505	1,665	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,450	1,150	1,295	2.9	2.8	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	390	195	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	79,570	38,300	41,270	94.4	94.6	94.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	84,280	40,465	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	82,195	39,365	42,825	97.5	97.3	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,660	7,575	7,080	17.4	18.7	16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,535	31,785	35,745	80.1	78.5	81.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,085	1,100	985	2.5	2.7	2.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	84,280	40,465	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	80,750	38,635	42,110	95.8	95.5	96.1
Immigrants⁸¹	2,605	1,310	1,300	3.1	3.2	3.0
Before 1980	550	250	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
1980 to 1990	165	115	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
1991 to 2000	210	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
2001 to 2010	465	245	220	0.6	0.6	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,215	585	635	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	385	205	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
2016 to 2021	835	380	460	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	925	525	405	1.1	1.3	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,610	1,305	1,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	290	145	150	11.1	11.1	11.5
5 to 14 years	455	215	240	17.4	16.5	18.5
15 to 24 years	440	225	215	16.9	17.2	16.5
25 to 44 years	1,215	605	615	46.6	46.4	47.3
45 years and over	200	120	85	7.7	9.2	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,610	1,305	1,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	495	235	265	19.0	18.0	20.4
Brazil	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.2
Colombia	50	30	25	1.9	2.3	1.9
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	35	35	2.7	2.7	2.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
United States of America	245	130	120	9.4	10.0	9.2
Other places of birth in Americas	70	20	50	2.7	1.5	3.8
Europe	745	415	325	28.5	31.8	25.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Croatia	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
France	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Germany	35	20	10	1.3	1.5	0.8
Greece	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Netherlands	25	15	0	1.0	1.1	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Portugal	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Romania	35	15	20	1.3	1.1	1.5
Russian Federation	50	25	25	1.9	1.9	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	345	185	160	13.2	14.2	12.3
Other places of birth in Europe	140	95	45	5.4	7.3	3.5
Africa	395	210	185	15.1	16.1	14.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	40	10	2.1	3.1	0.8
Eritrea	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	135	70	60	5.2	5.4	4.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	1.5	1.1	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	140	70	75	5.4	5.4	5.8
Asia	950	435	515	36.4	33.3	39.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Iraq	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	25	2.3	2.7	1.9
Turkey	15	10	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	50	75	4.6	3.8	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.9
Taiwan	25	15	10	1.0	1.1	0.8
Philippines	315	120	195	12.1	9.2	15.0
Viet Nam	30	10	25	1.1	0.8	1.9
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
India	105	60	45	4.0	4.6	3.5
Pakistan	30	15	15	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sri Lanka	25	20	10	1.0	1.5	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	110	60	50	4.2	4.6	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	835	375	460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	70	75	17.4	18.7	16.3
Brazil	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	30	30	7.8	8.0	6.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	45	25	15	5.4	6.7	3.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.3
Europe	75	35	40	9.0	9.3	8.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	2.4	2.7	2.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	0	2.4	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	10	2.4	2.7	2.2
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Africa	160	80	80	19.2	21.3	17.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	0	2.4	2.7	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	30	20	6.0	8.0	4.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	30	35	8.4	8.0	7.6
Asia	445	190	260	53.3	50.7	56.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	10	30	4.8	2.7	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	25	10	4.2	6.7	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.2
Lebanon	15	10	0	1.8	2.7	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	2.4	2.7	2.2
Philippines	170	65	105	20.4	17.3	22.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	2.4	2.7	2.2
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	25	7.2	9.3	5.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	2.4	0.0	3.3
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	84,280	40,465	43,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,890	1,970	1,925	4.6	4.9	4.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,700	1,960	1,740	4.4	4.8	4.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,690	36,540	40,155	91.0	90.3	91.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,055	1,055	1,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,180	600	580	57.4	56.9	58.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	560	325	235	27.3	30.8	23.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	620	275	340	30.2	26.1	34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	550	280	270	26.8	26.5	27.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	320	170	150	15.6	16.1	15.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,055	1,055	1,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	40	25	3.2	3.8	2.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	500	300	200	24.3	28.4	20.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	40	40	4.1	3.8	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	230	135	105	11.2	12.8	10.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,175	540	635	57.2	51.2	63.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	84,280	40,465	43,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,195	1,695	1,495	3.8	4.2	3.4
South Asian	680	390	285	0.8	1.0	0.7
Chinese	450	225	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Black	720	420	295	0.9	1.0	0.7
Filipino	465	180	275	0.6	0.4	0.6
Arab	335	215	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Latin American	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Asian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	81,090	38,770	42,320	96.2	95.8	96.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	84,280	40,465	43,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,970	9,435	10,535	23.7	23.3	24.0
English	30,465	14,595	15,870	36.1	36.1	36.2
Irish	28,560	13,685	14,880	33.9	33.8	34.0
Scottish	6,600	3,095	3,500	7.8	7.6	8.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,695	1,785	1,905	4.4	4.4	4.3
German	1,475	705	775	1.8	1.7	1.8
Chinese	520	275	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italian	605	250	355	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indian (India)	405	235	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ukrainian	375	190	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dutch	425	220	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Québécois	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,275	1,585	1,695	3.9	3.9	3.9
Filipino	435	185	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,905	2,275	2,630	5.8	5.6	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	680	300	380	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	575	250	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,575	805	770	1.9	2.0	1.8
Russian	195	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	320	130	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	1,135	565	570	1.3	1.4	1.3
Portuguese	335	135	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	505	240	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	305	165	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swedish	225	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	170	120	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Punjabi	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	60	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	90	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	245	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	35	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Finnish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,875	870	1,010	2.2	2.2	2.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syrian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	5,735	2,705	3,030	6.8	6.7	6.9
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	645	295	350	0.8	0.7	0.8
Bangladeshi	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	50	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	80	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	30	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	515	255	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	84,280	40,465	43,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	65,815	30,830	34,980	78.1	76.2	79.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,545	1,245	1,300	3.0	3.1	3.0
Anabaptist	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	12,705	5,830	6,870	15.1	14.4	15.7
Baptist	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	34,905	16,350	18,560	41.4	40.4	42.4
Christian Orthodox	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,955	1,470	1,490	3.5	3.6	3.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,890	890	995	2.2	2.2	2.3
Presbyterian	300	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	9,070	4,175	4,895	10.8	10.3	11.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	705	360	345	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hindu	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	590	310	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	230	150	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	270	150	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	17,065	8,890	8,175	20.2	22.0	18.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	83,645	40,125	43,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,110	36,215	38,890	89.8	90.3	89.4
Movers	8,530	3,910	4,625	10.2	9.7	10.6
Non-migrants	5,085	2,270	2,810	6.1	5.7	6.5
Migrants	3,455	1,640	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.2
Internal migrants	3,240	1,525	1,715	3.9	3.8	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,560	1,190	1,370	3.1	3.0	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	680	335	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	210	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,610	38,545	42,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,635	26,380	28,255	67.8	68.4	67.2
Movers	25,970	12,160	13,805	32.2	31.5	32.8
Non-migrants	10,905	5,055	5,845	13.5	13.1	13.9
Migrants	15,065	7,105	7,960	18.7	18.4	18.9
Internal migrants	13,740	6,420	7,320	17.0	16.7	17.4
Intraprovincial migrants	11,555	5,275	6,275	14.3	13.7	14.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,185	1,145	1,040	2.7	3.0	2.5
External migrants	1,325	685	640	1.6	1.8	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,940	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,115	5,170	4,935	14.1	15.2	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,830	28,930	32,905	85.9	84.8	87.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,565	22,520	25,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,955	2,185	1,770	8.3	9.7	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,610	20,335	23,275	91.7	90.3	93.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,945	34,105	37,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,350	4,690	4,655	13.0	13.8	12.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,790	9,915	9,880	27.5	29.1	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,795	19,495	23,305	59.5	57.2	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,505	12,700	13,805	36.8	37.2	36.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,815	4,065	1,755	8.1	11.9	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,890	1,555	1,335	4.0	4.6	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,930	2,505	420	4.1	7.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,750	7,900	10,845	26.1	23.2	28.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,940	735	1,205	2.7	2.2	3.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,295	6,800	9,500	22.6	19.9	25.1
Bachelor's degree	11,160	4,655	6,505	15.5	13.6	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	750	365	380	1.0	1.1	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	3,685	1,390	2,295	5.1	4.1	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	405	255	155	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,565	22,520	25,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,435	1,850	1,585	7.2	8.2	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,550	5,590	4,960	22.2	24.8	19.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,575	15,075	18,495	70.6	66.9	73.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,270	9,735	10,530	42.6	43.2	42.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,370	3,085	1,290	9.2	13.7	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,165	1,195	970	4.6	5.3	3.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,210	1,890	320	4.6	8.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,525	6,110	8,415	30.5	27.1	33.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,365	540	825	2.9	2.4	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,310	5,345	7,965	28.0	23.7	31.8
Bachelor's degree	9,030	3,685	5,345	19.0	16.4	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	620	280	345	1.3	1.2	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	80	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	3,110	1,115	1,990	6.5	5.0	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	335	190	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,945	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,145	14,610	14,535	40.5	42.8	38.4
Education	3,105	815	2,290	4.3	2.4	6.1
13. Education	3,105	815	2,290	4.3	2.4	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	900	460	445	1.3	1.3	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	135	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	320	415	1.0	0.9	1.1
Humanities	1,690	670	1,025	2.3	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	460	170	290	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	190	350	0.7	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	135	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,695	1,095	2,605	5.1	3.2	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	90	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	45	715	1.1	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	445	130	320	0.6	0.4	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	755	175	580	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,380	625	755	1.9	1.8	2.0
Business, management and public administration	10,430	3,135	7,300	14.5	9.2	19.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	695	95	600	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,715	3,030	6,685	13.5	8.9	17.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,265	600	660	1.8	1.8	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	225	345	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	315	220	100	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,050	1,215	835	2.8	3.6	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,760	1,095	665	2.4	3.2	1.8
25. Library science	105	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,390	8,395	995	13.1	24.6	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	90	75	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,690	1,355	335	2.3	4.0	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,770	2,315	460	3.9	6.8	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,490	2,415	75	3.5	7.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,595	1,540	55	2.2	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	745	705	40	1.0	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	635	305	330	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	380	120	260	0.5	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	185	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	6,580	1,125	5,455	9.1	3.3	14.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	185	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,095	890	5,210	8.5	2.6	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,060	1,695	1,360	4.3	5.0	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620	450	1,170	2.3	1.3	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	510	375	140	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	925	870	55	1.3	2.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,565	22,520	25,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,990	7,440	6,545	29.4	33.0	26.1
Education	2,080	450	1,625	4.4	2.0	6.5
13. Education	2,080	450	1,625	4.4	2.0	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	380	370	1.6	1.7	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	90	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	645	295	350	1.4	1.3	1.4
Humanities	1,240	500	745	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	355	130	225	0.7	0.6	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370	125	245	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	25	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,115	850	2,265	6.5	3.8	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	75	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	655	40	620	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	380	90	290	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	635	145	495	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,125	475	650	2.4	2.1	2.6
Business, management and public administration	8,145	2,355	5,795	17.1	10.5	23.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	540	60	480	1.1	0.3	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,590	2,290	5,300	16.0	10.2	21.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010	485	535	2.1	2.2	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	455	185	270	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	270	180	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,835	1,100	740	3.9	4.9	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,620	1,010	605	3.4	4.5	2.4
25. Library science	75	10	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,295	6,420	875	15.3	28.5	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,420	1,125	300	3.0	5.0	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,155	1,755	400	4.5	7.8	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,965	1,895	70	4.1	8.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,085	1,045	40	2.3	4.6	0.2
48. Precision production	595	550	40	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	555	265	290	1.2	1.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	95	220	0.7	0.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	170	65	0.5	0.8	0.3
Health and related fields	4,990	850	4,140	10.5	3.8	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	165	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,595	650	3,945	9.7	2.9	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,555	1,430	1,125	5.4	6.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	380	950	2.8	1.7	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	415	300	115	0.9	1.3	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	800	745	55	1.7	3.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,565	22,520	25,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,990	7,440	6,545	29.4	33.0	26.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,575	15,080	18,500	70.6	67.0	73.9
Location of study inside Canada	32,295	14,445	17,850	67.9	64.1	71.3
Same as province or territory of residence	28,125	12,680	15,445	59.1	56.3	61.7
Different than province or territory of residence	4,165	1,770	2,400	8.8	7.9	9.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,280	630	650	2.7	2.8	2.6
Americas	405	185	225	0.9	0.8	0.9
United States of America	290	145	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	305	190	120	0.6	0.8	0.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	100	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	400	175	225	0.8	0.8	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	190	75	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,945	34,105	37,840	...	...	...
In the labour force	45,180	22,535	22,645	...	...	...
Employed	40,465	19,670	20,795	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,720	2,860	1,855	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,765	11,570	15,190	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.8	66.1	59.8	62.8	66.1	59.8
Employment rate	56.2	57.7	55.0	56.2	57.7	55.0
Unemployment rate	10.4	12.7	8.2	10.4	12.7	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,945	34,105	37,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,630	11,690	14,935	37.0	34.3	39.5
Worked	45,315	22,415	22,900	63.0	65.7	60.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,000	13,060	12,940	36.1	38.3	34.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,315	9,355	9,960	26.8	27.4	26.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.7	41.9	41.8	41.7	41.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	45,180	22,535	22,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	670	395	2.4	3.0	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,115	21,865	22,250	97.6	97.0	98.2
Employee	40,575	19,850	20,730	89.8	88.1	91.5
Permanent position	32,075	15,550	16,525	71.0	69.0	73.0
Temporary position	8,500	4,300	4,205	18.8	19.1	18.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,735	1,145	1,590	6.1	5.1	7.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,765	3,150	2,615	12.8	14.0	11.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,540	2,020	1,525	7.8	9.0	6.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	45,180	22,535	22,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	670	395	2.4	3.0	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,115	21,865	22,250	97.6	97.0	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	395	230	165	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,205	2,440	5,765	18.2	10.8	25.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,850	2,955	900	8.5	13.1	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,130	735	3,400	9.1	3.3	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,845	1,735	4,110	12.9	7.7	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,115	535	580	2.5	2.4	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,155	5,535	6,625	26.9	24.6	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,780	6,310	470	15.0	28.0	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	715	645	70	1.6	2.9	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	935	760	175	2.1	3.4	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	45,180	22,535	22,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,065	670	395	2.4	3.0	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	44,115	21,865	22,250	97.6	97.0	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	505	400	100	1.1	1.8	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,210	960	255	2.7	4.3	1.1
22 Utilities	525	330	195	1.2	1.5	0.9
23 Construction	2,940	2,590	350	6.5	11.5	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,435	1,040	395	3.2	4.6	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,215	870	345	2.7	3.9	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,095	2,880	3,215	13.5	12.8	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,015	1,575	440	4.5	7.0	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	785	445	335	1.7	2.0	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,240	430	815	2.7	1.9	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	500	290	210	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,075	1,805	1,270	6.8	8.0	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,630	1,030	600	3.6	4.6	2.6
61 Educational services	3,255	1,095	2,150	7.2	4.9	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,235	1,370	5,865	16.0	6.1	25.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	665	325	345	1.5	1.4	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,875	1,300	1,580	6.4	5.8	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,970	895	1,070	4.4	4.0	4.7
91 Public administration	4,870	2,215	2,655	10.8	9.8	11.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	48,070	23,760	24,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	47,190	23,370	23,825	98.2	98.4	98.0
French	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	570	220	345	1.2	0.9	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	145	85	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	48,070	23,760	24,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,960	23,705	24,255	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	47,895	23,660	24,230	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	47,700	23,605	24,090	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	200	55	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	48,070	23,760	24,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,445	23,500	23,945	98.7	98.9	98.5
English	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
French	385	160	225	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,465	19,670	20,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,090	3,125	3,970	17.5	15.9	19.1
Worked outside Canada	60	50	10	0.1	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,710	3,330	1,380	11.6	16.9	6.6
Usual place of work	28,605	13,170	15,435	70.7	67.0	74.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,605	13,170	15,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,020	6,145	7,885	49.0	46.7	51.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	14,040	6,615	7,425	49.1	50.2	48.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	300	210	85	1.0	1.6	0.6
Commute to a different province or territory	245	200	40	0.9	1.5	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,315	16,500	16,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,050	14,730	15,320	90.2	89.3	91.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,850	13,515	13,335	80.6	81.9	79.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,200	1,215	1,985	9.6	7.4	11.8
Public transit	935	485	450	2.8	2.9	2.7
Walked	1,205	540	665	3.6	3.3	4.0
Bicycle	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	1,075	710	365	3.2	4.3	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,315	16,500	16,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,835	7,045	7,790	44.5	42.7	46.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,340	7,480	7,860	46.0	45.3	46.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,765	1,015	750	5.3	6.2	4.5
45 to 59 minutes	355	165	185	1.1	1.0	1.1
60 minutes and over	1,020	790	230	3.1	4.8	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,315	16,500	16,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,075	815	260	3.2	4.9	1.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,550	2,245	1,310	10.7	13.6	7.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,165	5,825	5,340	33.5	35.3	31.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,450	4,070	5,385	28.4	24.7	32.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,645	1,380	2,260	10.9	8.4	13.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,425	2,165	2,265	13.3	13.1	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,205	7,840	7,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	515	265	255	3.4	3.4	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,690	7,575	7,110	96.6	96.6	96.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,270	5,810	5,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	380	190	195	3.4	3.3	3.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	90	100	1.7	1.5	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	100	100	1.7	1.7	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,890	5,625	5,265	96.6	96.8	96.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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