Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Candiac, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,997	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	21,047	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,960	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,731	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,331.3	...	...	1,331.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	17.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,995	11,340	11,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,570	2,365	2,205	19.9	20.9	18.9
0 to 4 years	1,145	595	555	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	1,595	855	740	6.9	7.5	6.3
10 to 14 years	1,830	915	910	8.0	8.1	7.8
15 to 64 years	14,620	7,225	7,395	63.6	63.7	63.4
15 to 19 years	1,600	845	755	7.0	7.5	6.5
20 to 24 years	1,120	595	520	4.9	5.2	4.5
25 to 29 years	905	445	455	3.9	3.9	3.9
30 to 34 years	1,080	480	600	4.7	4.2	5.1
35 to 39 years	1,505	710	795	6.5	6.3	6.8
40 to 44 years	1,900	915	980	8.3	8.1	8.4
45 to 49 years	1,925	970	960	8.4	8.6	8.2
50 to 54 years	1,680	830	855	7.3	7.3	7.3
55 to 59 years	1,580	790	790	6.9	7.0	6.8
60 to 64 years	1,330	640	690	5.8	5.6	5.9
65 years and over	3,805	1,750	2,060	16.5	15.4	17.7
65 to 69 years	1,070	495	575	4.7	4.4	4.9
70 to 74 years	995	465	535	4.3	4.1	4.6
75 to 79 years	895	420	475	3.9	3.7	4.1
80 to 84 years	500	230	270	2.2	2.0	2.3
85 years and over	345	140	205	1.5	1.2	1.8
85 to 89 years	235	100	140	1.0	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	95	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.9	20.9	18.9	19.9	20.9	18.9
15 to 64 years	63.6	63.7	63.4	63.6	63.7	63.4
65 years and over	16.5	15.4	17.7	16.5	15.4	17.7
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
Average age of the population	40.3	39.4	41.2	40.3	39.4	41.2
Median age of the population	42.0	41.2	42.4	42.0	41.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,945	...	...	56.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	685	...	...	7.8	...	...
Row house	670	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	95	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,165	...	...	24.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	175	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,970	...	...	22.6	...	...
2 persons	2,895	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	1,485	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	1,745	...	...	20.0	...	...
5 or more persons	635	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,540	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,430	8,975	9,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,805	5,890	5,910	64.1	65.6	62.5
Married	7,795	3,890	3,900	42.3	43.3	41.2
Living common-law	4,005	2,000	2,010	21.7	22.3	21.3
Living common law - Never married	3,110	1,540	1,570	16.9	17.2	16.6
Living common law - Separated	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	770	395	375	4.2	4.4	4.0
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	6,625	3,085	3,545	35.9	34.4	37.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,645	2,435	2,210	25.2	27.1	23.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	220	105	115	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,060	375	680	5.8	4.2	7.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	700	170	535	3.8	1.9	5.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,910	...	...	43.6	...	...
3 persons	1,485	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 persons	1,745	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 or more persons	535	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,710	...	...	85.6	...	...
Married couples	3,710	...	...	55.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,135	...	...	32.0	...	...
Without children	1,570	...	...	23.5	...	...
Common-law couples	2,000	...	...	30.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,175	...	...	17.6	...	...
Without children	830	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	965	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	675	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	290	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	20,035	10,040	9,995	88.9	90.0	87.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,420	5,700	5,715	50.7	51.1	50.2
Parents in one-parent families	965	290	675	4.3	2.6	5.9
Children⁶	7,650	4,050	3,600	33.9	36.3	31.6
In a two-parent family	6,145	3,245	2,900	27.3	29.1	25.5
In a one-parent family	1,505	805	700	6.7	7.2	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,505	1,115	1,385	11.1	10.0	12.2
Living alone	1,970	880	1,090	8.7	7.9	9.6
Living with other relatives⁷	250	95	160	1.1	0.9	1.4
Living with non-relatives only	280	140	135	1.2	1.3	1.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,355	...	...	72.8	...	...
Couple-family households	5,460	...	...	62.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,160	...	...	36.2	...	...
Without children	2,300	...	...	26.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	895	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	130	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	110	...	...	1.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	140	...	...	1.6	...	...
One-person households	1,970	...	...	22.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,370	8,505	8,870	96.7	96.8	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	61,600	48,000	54,000	61,600	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,375	8,500	8,875	96.7	96.7	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,800	41,200	45,600	50,800	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,550	8,210	8,340	92.1	93.4	90.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,400	39,600	47,200	56,400	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,520	6,900	6,625	75.2	78.5	72.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	58,800	45,600	51,600	58,800	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,935	5,560	7,370	72.0	63.3	80.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,800	9,900	9,400	8,800	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,450	670	780	8.1	7.6	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,480	6,000	5,720	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,500	2,310	2,185	25.0	26.3	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,415	8,550	8,870	96.9	97.3	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,200	99,200	59,900	79,200	99,200	59,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,420	8,550	8,875	96.9	97.3	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,700	68,500	47,320	57,700	68,500	47,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,625	8,285	8,340	92.5	94.3	90.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	74,400	95,500	53,400	74,400	95,500	53,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,525	6,905	6,620	75.3	78.6	72.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,700	93,500	57,100	75,700	93,500	57,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,820	5,475	7,345	71.3	62.3	80.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,070	10,310	11,640	11,070	10,310	11,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,475	650	825	8.2	7.4	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,450	6,200	10,220	8,450	6,200	10,220
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,430	2,225	2,200	24.7	25.3	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,480	8,510	8,000	7,480	8,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,255	3,860	3,395	40.4	43.9	37.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	93,000	73,000	82,000	93,000	73,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	104,600	122,200	84,600	104,600	122,200	84,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,020	2,445	2,580	27.9	27.8	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	19,200	17,600	18,400	19,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	47,680	64,900	31,280	47,680	64,900	31,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.8	93.4	84.0	89.8	93.4	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.2	76.2	71.2	74.2	76.2	71.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.3	6.7	16.1	10.3	6.7	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.6	0.9	0.5	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.9	2.2	4.1	2.9	2.2	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6	2.0	3.5	2.6	2.0	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,965	8,790	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	595	285	305	3.3	3.2	3.3
With total income	17,375	8,505	8,870	96.7	96.8	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,290	580	710	7.4	6.8	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	1,605	630	975	9.2	7.4	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	1,975	820	1,155	11.4	9.6	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,570	695	880	9.0	8.2	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,640	735	905	9.4	8.6	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	690	870	9.0	8.1	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,365	670	700	7.9	7.9	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,090	535	550	6.3	6.3	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	1,005	515	490	5.8	6.1	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	740	380	355	4.3	4.5	4.0
$100,000 and over	3,520	2,245	1,275	20.3	26.4	14.4
$100,000 to $149,999	2,030	1,200	830	11.7	14.1	9.4
$150,000 and over	1,495	1,045	445	8.6	12.3	5.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,965	8,790	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	595	285	305	3.3	3.2	3.3
With after-tax income	17,375	8,505	8,870	96.7	96.8	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,410	620	785	8.1	7.3	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,730	690	1,040	10.0	8.1	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,275	975	1,295	13.1	11.5	14.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,040	900	1,145	11.7	10.6	12.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,135	990	1,150	12.3	11.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	890	960	10.6	10.5	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	795	745	8.9	9.3	8.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,125	565	555	6.5	6.6	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	860	485	380	4.9	5.7	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	580	340	235	3.3	4.0	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,825	1,250	580	10.5	14.7	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	780	495	285	4.5	5.8	3.2
$125,000 and over	1,050	755	295	6.0	8.9	3.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,965	8,790	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,445	1,895	2,555	24.7	21.6	27.8
With employment income	13,525	6,895	6,625	75.3	78.4	72.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,635	835	800	12.1	12.1	12.1
$5,000 to $9,999	980	440	540	7.2	6.4	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,285	590	695	9.5	8.6	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	920	415	505	6.8	6.0	7.6
$30,000 to $39,999	835	370	465	6.2	5.4	7.0
$40,000 to $49,999	960	405	560	7.1	5.9	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	980	445	535	7.2	6.5	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	860	415	440	6.4	6.0	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	790	385	410	5.8	5.6	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	810	385	420	6.0	5.6	6.3
$90,000 to $99,999	570	330	245	4.2	4.8	3.7
$100,000 and over	2,890	1,880	1,010	21.4	27.3	15.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	655	445	8.1	9.5	6.7
$125,000 and over	1,795	1,230	560	13.3	17.8	8.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,925	8,245	8,680	94.2	93.8	94.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	61,600	46,000	53,200	61,600	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,940	8,245	8,690	94.3	93.8	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,800	39,600	44,800	50,800	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,215	8,025	8,190	90.2	91.3	89.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	58,000	40,800	48,800	58,000	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,460	6,845	6,615	74.9	77.9	72.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	59,600	45,600	52,000	59,600	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,530	4,785	6,750	64.2	54.4	73.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	3,760	6,950	5,640	3,760	6,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,330	635	695	7.4	7.2	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,440	7,300	5,200	4,440	7,300
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,935	8,240	8,695	94.2	93.7	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,800	93,500	57,050	74,800	93,500	57,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,950	8,240	8,715	94.3	93.7	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,000	65,900	44,720	55,000	65,900	44,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,210	8,040	8,175	90.2	91.5	89.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	72,200	91,400	53,350	72,200	91,400	53,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,375	6,805	6,565	74.4	77.4	71.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,300	90,900	57,100	74,300	90,900	57,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,485	4,670	6,815	63.9	53.1	74.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,330	7,620	8,820	8,330	7,620	8,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,400	660	740	7.8	7.5	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,260	5,250	10,980	8,260	5,250	10,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,225	3,830	3,395	40.2	43.6	37.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000	88,000	69,000	78,000	88,000	69,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,900	114,100	79,500	97,900	114,100	79,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,685	2,245	2,435	26.1	25.5	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,800	21,800	23,400	26,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	53,500	73,100	35,480	53,500	73,100	35,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4	95.4	87.8	92.4	95.4	87.8
Employment income (%)	78.4	80.4	75.6	78.4	80.4	75.6
Government transfers (%)	7.6	4.6	12.1	7.6	4.6	12.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.6	0.9	0.5	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,050	...	...	52,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	183,000	...	...	183,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	185	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	170	...	...	1.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	240	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	525	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	550	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	520	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	495	...	...	5.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,870	...	...	55.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	810	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,230	...	...	14.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,775	...	...	20.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	175	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	215	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	210	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	270	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	670	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	660	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	670	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	580	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	565	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,900	...	...	44.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,125	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	875	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,900	...	...	21.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,245	1,020	1,225	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,200	59,200	48,000	53,200	59,200	48,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	49,200	41,200	44,400	49,200	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	184,200	...	...	184,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	242,600	...	...	242,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,280	1,070	1,205	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,000	80,000	59,300	69,000	80,000	59,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,880	54,200	47,900	50,880	54,200	47,900
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,535	11,155	11,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,580	2,905	2,670	24.8	26.0	23.5
0 to 5 years	1,440	750	690	6.4	6.7	6.1
18 to 64 years	13,595	6,670	6,925	60.3	59.8	60.8
65 years and over	3,360	1,575	1,785	14.9	14.1	15.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,095	495	600	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	270	150	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	555	260	295	...	...	...
65 years and over	275	85	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.9	4.4	5.3	4.9	4.4	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	5.1	4.5	4.8	5.1	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.9	4.2
65 years and over (%)	8.1	5.4	10.6	8.1	5.4	10.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,575	2,910	2,670	24.7	26.1	23.5
0 to 5 years	1,440	755	685	6.4	6.8	6.0
18 to 64 years	13,595	6,675	6,925	60.3	59.8	60.9
65 years and over	3,365	1,575	1,790	14.9	14.1	15.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	590	285	310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	160	90	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	350	170	180	...	...	...
65 years and over	80	25	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.8	3.0	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.6
65 years and over (%)	2.5	1.6	3.2	2.5	1.6	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,620	3,620	4,000	33.8	32.5	35.1
In bottom decile	890	400	495	3.9	3.6	4.3
In second decile	1,270	585	685	5.6	5.2	6.0
In third decile	1,440	685	750	6.4	6.1	6.6
In fourth decile	1,930	930	1,000	8.6	8.3	8.8
In fifth decile	2,090	1,020	1,075	9.3	9.1	9.4
In top half of the distribution	14,920	7,540	7,380	66.2	67.6	64.9
In sixth decile	2,235	1,085	1,145	9.9	9.7	10.1
In seventh decile	2,510	1,290	1,220	11.1	11.6	10.7
In eighth decile	2,805	1,440	1,365	12.4	12.9	12.0
In ninth decile	3,155	1,585	1,570	14.0	14.2	13.8
In top decile	4,220	2,135	2,080	18.7	19.1	18.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,535	...	...	22,535	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.380	...	...	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,550	11,160	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	1,010	550	465	4.5	4.9	4.1
French only	5,880	2,635	3,240	26.1	23.6	28.4
English and French	15,370	7,850	7,525	68.2	70.3	66.1
Neither English nor French	290	135	155	1.3	1.2	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,550	11,160	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,390	1,740	1,655	15.0	15.6	14.5
French	17,275	8,485	8,795	76.6	76.0	77.2
English and French	1,605	805	795	7.1	7.2	7.0
Neither English nor French	280	130	150	1.2	1.2	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,550	11,160	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,500	10,620	10,880	95.3	95.2	95.5
Official languages	17,810	8,800	9,010	79.0	78.9	79.1
English	2,130	1,105	1,020	9.4	9.9	9.0
French	15,680	7,690	7,990	69.5	68.9	70.1
Non-official languages	3,685	1,820	1,870	16.3	16.3	16.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,690	1,820	1,865	16.4	16.3	16.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	380	200	180	1.7	1.8	1.6
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	360	185	170	1.6	1.7	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	355	185	170	1.6	1.7	1.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Merina	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,055	1,030	1,025	9.1	9.2	9.0
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	260	115	145	1.2	1.0	1.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	115	145	1.2	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	130	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	290	145	140	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	120	115	1.1	1.1	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	230	115	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
Dari	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	190	90	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,380	705	675	6.1	6.3	5.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	170	100	70	0.8	0.9	0.6
Portuguese	190	90	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Romanian	240	125	115	1.1	1.1	1.0
Spanish	780	390	390	3.5	3.5	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	950	450	500	4.2	4.0	4.4
Chinese languages	950	450	500	4.2	4.0	4.4
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	750	355	400	3.3	3.2	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,055	545	510	4.7	4.9	4.5
English and French	560	285	275	2.5	2.6	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	235	120	110	1.0	1.1	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,550	11,160	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,910	990	920	8.5	8.9	8.1
French	14,495	7,095	7,395	64.3	63.6	64.9
Non-official language	1,415	710	700	6.3	6.4	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,415	710	700	6.3	6.4	6.1
English and French	2,280	1,150	1,125	10.1	10.3	9.9
English and non-official language(s)	565	270	290	2.5	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	810	395	415	3.6	3.5	3.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,010	505	495	4.5	4.5	4.3
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,550	11,160	11,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,290	10,525	10,770	94.4	94.3	94.6
Official languages	18,900	9,325	9,575	83.8	83.6	84.1
English	2,805	1,435	1,370	12.4	12.9	12.0
French	16,095	7,890	8,205	71.4	70.7	72.0
Non-official languages	2,390	1,200	1,190	10.6	10.8	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,390	1,200	1,190	10.6	10.8	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	60	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,255	645	615	5.6	5.8	5.4
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	220	110	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	190	95	95	0.8	0.9	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	95	95	0.8	0.9	0.8
Dari	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	165	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	835	440	395	3.7	3.9	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	135	80	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Spanish	565	285	275	2.5	2.6	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	860	430	435	3.8	3.9	3.8
Chinese languages	860	430	435	3.8	3.9	3.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	725	365	365	3.2	3.3	3.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,255	635	620	5.6	5.7	5.4
English and French	720	370	350	3.2	3.3	3.1
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	255	140	120	1.1	1.3	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	75	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,550	11,165	11,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,855	9,320	9,530	83.6	83.5	83.7
English	1,420	710	705	6.3	6.4	6.2
French	880	430	450	3.9	3.9	4.0
Non-official language	650	315	340	2.9	2.8	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	650	315	340	2.9	2.8	3.0
English and French	310	165	150	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	220	110	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	170	85	85	0.8	0.8	0.7
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	22,200	10,985	11,215	98.5	98.5	98.6
English	16,375	8,445	7,930	72.7	75.7	69.7
French	21,235	10,460	10,775	94.2	93.8	94.7
Non-official languages	5,755	2,820	2,935	25.5	25.3	25.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,755	2,820	2,935	25.5	25.3	25.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	810	435	375	3.6	3.9	3.3
Berber languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kabyle	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	435	370	3.6	3.9	3.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	790	425	365	3.5	3.8	3.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	60	15	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Merina	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Haitian Creole	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,570	1,730	1,840	15.8	15.5	16.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	345	155	190	1.5	1.4	1.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	345	155	190	1.5	1.4	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	15	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
Russian	245	110	135	1.1	1.0	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	65	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	95	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indo-Iranian languages	400	200	205	1.8	1.8	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	340	165	170	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	340	160	170	1.5	1.4	1.5
Dari	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	265	125	140	1.2	1.1	1.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,705	1,310	1,400	12.0	11.7	12.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	435	280	155	1.9	2.5	1.4
Portuguese	300	135	160	1.3	1.2	1.4
Romanian	360	180	180	1.6	1.6	1.6
Spanish	1,800	825	975	8.0	7.4	8.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,025	480	545	4.5	4.3	4.8
Chinese languages	1,025	480	545	4.5	4.3	4.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	890	430	465	3.9	3.9	4.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	185	65	125	0.8	0.6	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,540	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	320	135	185	1.4	1.2	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	300	120	180	1.3	1.1	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	195	90	100	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis	105	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	22,215	11,020	11,200	98.6	98.8	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,540	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,465	11,120	11,345	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,985	...	...	80.0	...	...
Renter	1,750	...	...	20.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,810	...	...	20.7	...	...
Not condominium	6,920	...	...	79.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	550	...	...	6.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,325	...	...	26.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,930	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,920	...	...	33.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,140	...	...	24.5	...	...
5 rooms	1,025	...	...	11.7	...	...
6 rooms	840	...	...	9.6	...	...
7 rooms	935	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,795	...	...	43.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,685	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,610	...	...	98.6	...	...
Not suitable	120	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	360	...	...	4.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,225	...	...	25.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,045	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,115	...	...	12.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,025	...	...	11.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,490	...	...	17.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	520	...	...	6.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	950	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,355	...	...	95.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	375	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,945	...	...	45.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,655	...	...	53.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	125	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	105	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	820	...	...	9.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,870	...	...	21.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,145	...	...	24.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,690	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,285	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	660	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	160	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,410	...	...	85.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,305	...	...	15.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,140	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,725	...	...	19.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,235	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not suitable only	105	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	310	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,005	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	260	...	...	3.0	...	...
Not in core need	8,290	...	...	97.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,985	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.6	...	...	69.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,480	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,628	...	...	1,628	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	604,500	...	...	604,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,745	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.2	...	...	35.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	240	100	135	1.1	0.9	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	240	100	135	1.1	0.9	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	170	80	95	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	65	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	350	150	195	1.6	1.3	1.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	350	150	195	1.6	1.3	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	140	185	1.4	1.3	1.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,945	10,900	11,045	97.4	97.7	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,535	11,155	11,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,335	10,580	10,760	94.7	94.8	94.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,355	2,775	2,580	23.8	24.9	22.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,985	7,805	8,175	70.9	70.0	71.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,200	575	625	5.3	5.2	5.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,535	11,155	11,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,540	9,165	9,375	82.3	82.2	82.3
Immigrants⁸¹	3,735	1,845	1,890	16.6	16.5	16.6
Before 1980	515	290	220	2.3	2.6	1.9
1980 to 1990	280	145	135	1.2	1.3	1.2
1991 to 2000	505	210	295	2.2	1.9	2.6
2001 to 2010	1,145	590	555	5.1	5.3	4.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,295	610	680	5.7	5.5	6.0
2011 to 2015	620	275	340	2.8	2.5	3.0
2016 to 2021	675	340	340	3.0	3.0	3.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	260	140	120	1.2	1.3	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,735	1,850	1,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	345	200	150	9.2	10.8	7.9
5 to 14 years	610	335	275	16.3	18.1	14.6
15 to 24 years	535	230	305	14.3	12.4	16.1
25 to 44 years	1,975	955	1,020	52.9	51.6	54.0
45 years and over	270	130	140	7.2	7.0	7.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,735	1,850	1,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	860	425	430	23.0	23.0	22.8
Brazil	50	20	30	1.3	1.1	1.6
Colombia	195	100	100	5.2	5.4	5.3
El Salvador	25	15	15	0.7	0.8	0.8
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	20	20	1.2	1.1	1.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	75	40	35	2.0	2.2	1.9
Peru	115	55	60	3.1	3.0	3.2
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
United States of America	60	20	40	1.6	1.1	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	265	145	120	7.1	7.8	6.3
Europe	890	450	440	23.8	24.3	23.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	185	90	90	5.0	4.9	4.8
Germany	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greece	35	15	20	0.9	0.8	1.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	50	30	2.1	2.7	1.6
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	0	25	0.7	0.0	1.3
Portugal	65	35	30	1.7	1.9	1.6
Romania	185	85	100	5.0	4.6	5.3
Russian Federation	50	25	25	1.3	1.4	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	10	25	0.9	0.5	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	185	110	70	5.0	5.9	3.7
Africa	765	390	370	20.5	21.1	19.6
Algeria	70	35	40	1.9	1.9	2.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	215	115	105	5.8	6.2	5.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	220	105	115	5.9	5.7	6.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	255	145	110	6.8	7.8	5.8
Asia	1,220	580	640	32.7	31.4	33.9
Afghanistan	45	20	25	1.2	1.1	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	200	110	95	5.4	5.9	5.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	55	35	20	1.5	1.9	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	580	245	335	15.5	13.2	17.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	0	30	0.9	0.0	1.6
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	20	1.3	1.4	1.1
Taiwan	35	20	20	0.9	1.1	1.1
Philippines	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	35	20	20	0.9	1.1	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	30	10	1.1	1.6	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	115	60	55	3.1	3.2	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	670	335	335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	30	35	9.7	9.0	10.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	15	4.5	3.0	4.5
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	3.0
Europe	100	55	45	14.9	16.4	13.4
France	40	15	20	6.0	4.5	6.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	25	6.0	6.0	7.5
Africa	90	45	40	13.4	13.4	11.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	20	4.5	3.0	6.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	15	0	2.2	4.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	0	3.0	4.5	0.0
Asia	420	200	220	62.7	59.7	65.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	300	140	165	44.8	41.8	49.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	10	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	4.5	6.0	3.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	5.2	6.0	4.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	3.0	0.0	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,220	2,085	2,140	18.7	18.7	18.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,075	1,645	1,435	13.6	14.7	12.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,240	7,425	7,805	67.6	66.6	68.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,225	1,560	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,200	1,135	1,065	68.2	72.8	64.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	985	570	415	30.5	36.5	25.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,215	565	650	37.7	36.2	39.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	665	220	440	20.6	14.1	26.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	330	175	155	10.2	11.2	9.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,225	1,560	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	210	110	100	6.5	7.1	6.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	120	120	7.4	7.7	7.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	100	40	4.3	6.4	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	100	90	5.9	6.4	5.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,435	1,125	1,305	75.5	72.1	78.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,540	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,105	2,025	2,075	18.2	18.2	18.2
South Asian	155	75	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese	1,190	555	635	5.3	5.0	5.6
Black	495	235	260	2.2	2.1	2.3
Filipino	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Arab	670	370	300	3.0	3.3	2.6
Latin American	765	385	375	3.4	3.5	3.3
Southeast Asian	185	85	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
West Asian	305	150	160	1.4	1.3	1.4
Korean	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	175	95	80	0.8	0.9	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,435	9,130	9,305	81.8	81.8	81.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,535	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,645	2,715	2,930	25.0	24.3	25.7
English	600	315	285	2.7	2.8	2.5
Irish	1,615	765	855	7.2	6.9	7.5
Scottish	680	370	305	3.0	3.3	2.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,360	3,160	3,200	28.2	28.3	28.1
German	320	165	160	1.4	1.5	1.4
Chinese	1,195	580	620	5.3	5.2	5.4
Italian	1,235	655	575	5.5	5.9	5.1
Indian (India)	135	60	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Ukrainian	125	40	85	0.6	0.4	0.7
Dutch	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Polish	220	100	125	1.0	0.9	1.1
Québécois	2,065	1,000	1,070	9.2	9.0	9.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170	70	100	0.8	0.6	0.9
Filipino	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
French Canadian	1,335	665	670	5.9	6.0	5.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	335	165	165	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	270	120	150	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	95	40	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	210	90	120	0.9	0.8	1.1
Russian	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	250	130	120	1.1	1.2	1.1
American	210	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	295	170	125	1.3	1.5	1.1
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	285	125	160	1.3	1.1	1.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	85	60	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	175	110	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
Greek	235	125	110	1.0	1.1	1.0
Jamaican	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	85	50	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	285	155	135	1.3	1.4	1.2
Lebanese	150	90	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Iranian	270	135	135	1.2	1.2	1.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	175	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	0	50	0.3	0.0	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Belgian	135	80	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Haitian	160	85	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	140	85	55	0.6	0.8	0.5
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	345	175	170	1.5	1.6	1.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	205	95	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	290	150	135	1.3	1.3	1.2
Moroccan	280	130	155	1.2	1.2	1.4
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	90	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Brazilian	90	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slovak	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	80	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	55	45	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
African Caribbean	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chilean	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	155	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	100	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	55	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guatemalan	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Norman	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,540	11,155	11,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Christian	14,725	7,250	7,475	65.3	65.0	65.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,400	730	670	6.2	6.5	5.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	110	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Baptist	35	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
Catholic	12,190	5,960	6,235	54.1	53.4	54.8
Christian Orthodox	680	335	345	3.0	3.0	3.0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latter Day Saints	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Presbyterian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	185	105	80	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hindu	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	840	440	400	3.7	3.9	3.5
Sikh	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	6,660	3,325	3,340	29.5	29.8	29.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,335	11,035	11,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,655	9,755	9,900	88.0	88.4	87.6
Movers	2,680	1,285	1,400	12.0	11.6	12.4
Non-migrants	790	385	405	3.5	3.5	3.6
Migrants	1,890	900	995	8.5	8.2	8.8
Internal migrants	1,765	840	925	7.9	7.6	8.2
Intraprovincial migrants	1,750	830	915	7.8	7.5	8.1
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	125	55	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,285	10,510	10,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	12,570	6,275	6,295	59.1	59.7	58.4
Movers	8,715	4,235	4,480	40.9	40.3	41.6
Non-migrants	2,010	940	1,070	9.4	8.9	9.9
Migrants	6,700	3,290	3,410	31.5	31.3	31.7
Internal migrants	5,915	2,880	3,035	27.8	27.4	28.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,755	2,805	2,955	27.0	26.7	27.4
Interprovincial migrants	160	80	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	790	415	370	3.7	3.9	3.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,970	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,085	1,145	940	11.6	13.0	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,885	7,640	8,245	88.4	86.9	89.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,840	5,700	6,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	600	385	215	5.1	6.8	3.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,235	5,310	5,925	94.9	93.2	96.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,965	8,790	9,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,850	1,005	845	10.3	11.4	9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,335	1,690	1,645	18.6	19.2	17.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,780	6,095	6,685	71.1	69.3	72.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,875	2,895	2,980	32.7	32.9	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,690	985	700	9.4	11.2	7.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,215	590	630	6.8	6.7	6.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	470	400	75	2.6	4.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,275	1,510	1,760	18.2	17.2	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	915	400	520	5.1	4.6	5.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,905	3,200	3,700	38.4	36.4	40.3
Bachelor's degree	4,290	2,005	2,290	23.9	22.8	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	260	385	3.6	3.0	4.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	1,615	750	865	9.0	8.5	9.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	125	100	1.3	1.4	1.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,840	5,700	6,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	465	295	170	3.9	5.2	2.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,535	795	740	13.0	13.9	12.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,840	4,610	5,225	83.1	80.9	85.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,960	2,000	1,965	33.4	35.1	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,195	680	515	10.1	11.9	8.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	860	390	475	7.3	6.8	7.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	335	295	40	2.8	5.2	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,035	995	1,045	17.2	17.5	17.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	720	320	405	6.1	5.6	6.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,880	2,615	3,265	49.7	45.9	53.2
Bachelor's degree	3,640	1,635	2,005	30.7	28.7	32.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	185	335	4.4	3.2	5.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	50	65	0.9	0.9	1.1
Master's degree	1,415	650	765	12.0	11.4	12.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	95	95	1.6	1.7	1.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,970	8,795	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,190	2,700	2,495	28.9	30.7	27.2
Education	1,040	200	835	5.8	2.3	9.1
13. Education	1,040	200	835	5.8	2.3	9.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	375	140	230	2.1	1.6	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	40	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	310	100	215	1.7	1.1	2.3
Humanities	655	215	435	3.6	2.4	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	35	85	0.7	0.4	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	110	235	1.9	1.3	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
54. History	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,445	480	970	8.0	5.5	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	45	100	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	0	135	0.8	0.0	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	390	140	245	2.2	1.6	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	240	35	205	1.3	0.4	2.2
45. Social sciences	490	250	245	2.7	2.8	2.7
Business, management and public administration	4,085	1,785	2,300	22.7	20.3	25.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	25	85	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,970	1,760	2,210	22.1	20.0	24.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	505	275	225	2.8	3.1	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	55	85	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
40. Physical sciences	165	130	35	0.9	1.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	600	435	165	3.3	4.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	525	390	135	2.9	4.4	1.5
25. Library science	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,115	1,865	250	11.8	21.2	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	100	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	840	710	130	4.7	8.1	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	415	375	40	2.3	4.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	300	285	15	1.7	3.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	280	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
48. Precision production	170	155	10	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	70	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	55	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	1,250	310	940	7.0	3.5	10.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	60	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,100	220	880	6.1	2.5	9.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	590	310	280	3.3	3.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	70	230	1.7	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	175	135	40	1.0	1.5	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	110	10	0.6	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,835	5,700	6,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,000	1,090	910	16.9	19.1	14.8
Education	695	95	600	5.9	1.7	9.8
13. Education	695	95	600	5.9	1.7	9.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	95	185	2.3	1.7	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	250	70	180	2.1	1.2	2.9
Humanities	395	135	260	3.3	2.4	4.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	30	60	0.8	0.5	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	70	120	1.6	1.2	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
54. History	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	50	0.5	0.2	0.8
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,180	385	800	10.0	6.8	13.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	45	85	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	105	0	105	0.9	0.0	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	310	115	195	2.6	2.0	3.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	185	20	165	1.6	0.4	2.7
45. Social sciences	420	195	225	3.5	3.4	3.7
Business, management and public administration	3,310	1,425	1,885	28.0	25.0	30.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	20	80	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,210	1,400	1,805	27.1	24.6	29.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	145	150	2.5	2.5	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130	50	75	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	60	30	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	535	395	140	4.5	6.9	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	485	360	125	4.1	6.3	2.0
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,635	1,410	220	13.8	24.7	3.6
04. Architecture and related services	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
14. Engineering	725	590	130	6.1	10.4	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	275	30	2.6	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	200	195	10	1.7	3.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	200	195	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
48. Precision production	125	120	10	1.1	2.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	110	70	40	0.9	1.2	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	55	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	955	235	720	8.1	4.1	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	825	165	660	7.0	2.9	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	25	0.5	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	445	230	215	3.8	4.0	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	40	180	1.9	0.7	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	35	1.2	1.8	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	85	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,835	5,700	6,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,000	1,090	910	16.9	19.1	14.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,835	4,610	5,230	83.1	80.9	85.2
Location of study inside Canada	8,190	3,835	4,365	69.2	67.3	71.1
Same as province or territory of residence	7,940	3,705	4,235	67.1	65.0	69.0
Different than province or territory of residence	255	125	130	2.2	2.2	2.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,645	780	865	13.9	13.7	14.1
Americas	400	180	220	3.4	3.2	3.6
United States of America	120	50	65	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mexico	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Peru	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Europe	495	240	255	4.2	4.2	4.2
Belgium	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	200	100	100	1.7	1.8	1.6
Germany	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	70	45	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
Russian Federation	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Africa	170	100	75	1.4	1.8	1.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Morocco	55	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Tunisia	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Egypt	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	555	250	300	4.7	4.4	4.9
Iran⁸⁸	105	55	60	0.9	1.0	1.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	315	155	155	2.7	2.7	2.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	10	40	0.4	0.2	0.7
Oceania	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Australia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,965	8,790	9,180	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,360	6,315	6,045	...	...	...
Employed	11,690	6,005	5,685	...	...	...
Unemployed	670	305	360	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,615	2,475	3,140	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.8	71.8	65.8	68.8	71.8	65.8
Employment rate	65.1	68.3	61.9	65.1	68.3	61.9
Unemployment rate	5.4	4.8	6.0	5.4	4.8	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,970	8,795	9,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,290	2,260	3,025	29.4	25.7	33.0
Worked	12,680	6,530	6,150	70.6	74.2	67.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,365	3,940	3,430	41.0	44.8	37.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,315	2,595	2,725	29.6	29.5	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.0	42.0	42.5	43.0	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,355	6,315	6,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	55	90	1.2	0.9	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,210	6,260	5,950	98.8	99.1	98.4
Employee	10,415	5,155	5,265	84.3	81.6	87.1
Permanent position	8,930	4,445	4,480	72.3	70.4	74.1
Temporary position	1,490	710	780	12.1	11.2	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	430	165	260	3.5	2.6	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,060	540	515	8.6	8.6	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,795	1,105	690	14.5	17.5	11.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,355	6,315	6,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	55	90	1.2	0.9	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,210	6,260	5,950	98.8	99.1	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	530	415	115	4.3	6.6	1.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,030	1,105	1,925	24.5	17.5	31.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,310	1,030	275	10.6	16.3	4.5
3 Health occupations	865	215	650	7.0	3.4	10.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,595	480	1,120	12.9	7.6	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	380	160	220	3.1	2.5	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	2,840	1,400	1,435	23.0	22.2	23.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,295	1,210	85	10.5	19.2	1.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	55	50	10	0.4	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	320	200	120	2.6	3.2	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,355	6,315	6,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	55	90	1.2	0.9	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	12,210	6,260	5,950	98.8	99.1	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35	35	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
22 Utilities	180	120	60	1.5	1.9	1.0
23 Construction	610	520	90	4.9	8.2	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,105	735	365	8.9	11.6	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	555	340	210	4.5	5.4	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,375	670	705	11.1	10.6	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	615	475	135	5.0	7.5	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	325	170	150	2.6	2.7	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,010	490	515	8.2	7.8	8.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	170	130	2.4	2.7	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,385	795	595	11.2	12.6	9.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	340	205	130	2.8	3.2	2.2
61 Educational services	1,040	270	775	8.4	4.3	12.8
62 Health care and social assistance	1,405	300	1,105	11.4	4.8	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	205	100	105	1.7	1.6	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	565	300	260	4.6	4.8	4.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	355	155	200	2.9	2.5	3.3
91 Public administration	755	375	385	6.1	5.9	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,245	6,795	6,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	960	600	355	7.2	8.8	5.5
French	6,690	3,160	3,535	50.5	46.5	54.8
Non-official language	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	5,280	2,885	2,390	39.9	42.5	37.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	90	105	1.5	1.3	1.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,245	6,795	6,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,350	6,275	6,080	93.2	92.3	94.3
Official languages	12,280	6,240	6,035	92.7	91.8	93.6
English	2,160	1,270	890	16.3	18.7	13.8
French	10,115	4,970	5,145	76.4	73.1	79.8
Non-official languages	75	30	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	30	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	895	520	375	6.8	7.7	5.8
English and French	845	505	345	6.4	7.4	5.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,245	6,795	6,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,545	4,270	4,275	64.5	62.8	66.3
English	3,365	1,785	1,580	25.4	26.3	24.5
French	1,130	645	490	8.5	9.5	7.6
Non-official language	75	40	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,690	6,005	5,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,895	1,935	1,960	33.3	32.2	34.5
Worked outside Canada	30	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
No fixed workplace address	870	650	210	7.4	10.8	3.7
Usual place of work	6,900	3,405	3,495	59.0	56.7	61.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,900	3,405	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,310	680	635	19.0	20.0	18.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,335	530	810	19.3	15.6	23.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,235	2,190	2,050	61.4	64.3	58.7
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,765	4,060	3,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,955	3,645	3,310	89.6	89.8	89.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,570	3,470	3,105	84.6	85.5	83.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	385	180	205	5.0	4.4	5.5
Public transit	470	200	270	6.1	4.9	7.3
Walked	125	60	65	1.6	1.5	1.8
Bicycle	85	65	20	1.1	1.6	0.5
Other method	130	90	40	1.7	2.2	1.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,765	4,060	3,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,185	1,025	1,160	28.1	25.2	31.3
15 to 29 minutes	2,630	1,355	1,275	33.9	33.4	34.4
30 to 44 minutes	1,880	1,075	805	24.2	26.5	21.7
45 to 59 minutes	720	420	300	9.3	10.3	8.1
60 minutes and over	345	180	170	4.4	4.4	4.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,765	4,060	3,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	380	320	60	4.9	7.9	1.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,190	765	420	15.3	18.8	11.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,455	1,130	1,325	31.6	27.8	35.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,710	800	910	22.0	19.7	24.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	910	415	500	11.7	10.2	13.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,120	630	490	14.4	15.5	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,680	2,960	2,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,430	740	690	25.2	25.0	25.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,250	2,215	2,030	74.8	74.8	74.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,425	2,300	2,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,155	590	565	26.1	25.7	26.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	880	455	415	19.9	19.8	19.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	275	130	145	6.2	5.7	6.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,275	1,710	1,560	74.0	74.3	73.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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